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Synthetic Drugs 1

Synthetic drugs are substances used to treat diseases in humans and animals. They are designed to target specific physiological systems or pathological states for the recipient's benefit. An ideal drug should be localized at the site of action, act efficiently and safely with minimal side effects and toxicity. Prodrugs are biologically inactive compounds administered to gradually release the active drug at the targeted site to prolong or shorten the drug's action, localize it, regulate transport, and lessen toxicity.

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104 views

Synthetic Drugs 1

Synthetic drugs are substances used to treat diseases in humans and animals. They are designed to target specific physiological systems or pathological states for the recipient's benefit. An ideal drug should be localized at the site of action, act efficiently and safely with minimal side effects and toxicity. Prodrugs are biologically inactive compounds administered to gradually release the active drug at the targeted site to prolong or shorten the drug's action, localize it, regulate transport, and lessen toxicity.

Uploaded by

Bandita Datta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synthetic Drugs

Drugs
The word ‘drug’ is derived from the french word ‘drogue’ which
means a dry herb.

A drug may be defined as a substance used in the prevention,


diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease in man or other animals.

According to WHO, a drug may be defined as any substance or


product which is used or intended to be used for modifying or
exploring physiological systems or pathological states for the
benefit of the recipient.
An ideal drug should satisfy the following requirements:

1. When administered to the ailing individual or host, its action


should be localized at the site where it is desired to act.

2. It should act on a system with efficiency and safety

3. It should not have toxicity

4. Its should have minimum side effects

5. It should not injure host tissues or physiological processes

6. The cells should not acquire tolerance or resistance of the drug


after some time.
Research and discovery of ‘novel medicinal
compounds’
Trend in drug development perhaps is augmented due to
two vital factors, namely :

-Strict empirical and rational approach to drug design;

-High standards of safety and therapeutic efficacy together


with tremendous increased costs of research and development
and finally the clinical trials.

‘Drug design’ or ‘tailor-made compound’ aims at


developing a drug with high degree of chemotherapeutic index
and specific action. It is a logical effort to design a drug on as
much a rational basis as possible thus reducing to the
minimum the trial and error approach.
In the recent past, another terminology ‘prodrugs’ has been
introduced to make a clear distinction from the widely used
term ‘analogues’. Prodrugs are frequently used to improve
pharmacological or biological properties. Analogues are
primarily employed to increase potency and to achieve
specificity of action.

In the course of drug design the two major types of chemical


modifications are achieved through the formation of
analogues and prodrugs.

An analogue is normally accepted as being that modification


which brings about a carbon-skeletal transformation or
substituent synthesis.
Examples : oxytetracycline, demclocycline, chlortetracycline,
trans-diethylstilbesterol with regard to oestradiol.
Pro Drug
A biologically active drug which by latentiation is converted into
an inactive carrier form is called a pro-drug.

A pro-drug on reacting with enzyme or non-enzyme compound


releases the active compound (drug).

Latentiation of drug produces:


i. Prolongation of action
ii. Shortening of action
iii. Drug localization
iv. Transport regulation
v. Adjuncts to pharmaceutical formation
vi. Lessening of toxicity and side effects

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