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    AWS Guides On Preheat & PWHT PDF

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    The document discusses preheat and postweld heat treatment requirements and guidelines from various welding codes including AWS D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, and D1.6. It provides tables and clauses outlining minimum preheat temperatures required to prevent cracking based on material thickness and composition. It also discusses considerations and requirements for various postweld heat treatment methods like stress relief and hydrogen diffusion to reduce cracking risks.

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    AWS Guides On Preheat & PWHT PDF

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    ezzata
    781 views4 pages
    The document discusses preheat and postweld heat treatment requirements and guidelines from various welding codes including AWS D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, and D1.6. It provides tables and clauses outlining minimum preheat temperatures required to prevent cracking based on material thickness and composition. It also discusses considerations and requirements for various postweld heat treatment methods like stress relief and hydrogen diffusion to reduce cracking risks.

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    AWS Guides on Preheat & PWHT.pdf

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    The document discusses preheat and postweld heat treatment requirements and guidelines from various welding codes including AWS D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, and D1.6. It provides tables and clauses outlining minimum preheat temperatures required to prevent cracking based on material thickness and composition. It also discusses considerations and requirements for various postweld heat treatment methods like stress relief and hydrogen diffusion to reduce cracking risks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    781 views4 pages

    AWS Guides On Preheat & PWHT PDF

    Uploaded by

    ezzata
    The document discusses preheat and postweld heat treatment requirements and guidelines from various welding codes including AWS D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, and D1.6. It provides tables and clauses outlining minimum preheat temperatures required to prevent cracking based on material thickness and composition. It also discusses considerations and requirements for various postweld heat treatment methods like stress relief and hydrogen diffusion to reduce cracking risks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The document discusses preheat and interpass temperature requirements and guidelines from various welding codes including AWS D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, D1.6, and AASHTO/AWS D1.5.

    The need for and temperature of preheat are dependent on factors such as chemical analysis, degree of restraint, elevated temperature mechanical properties, and material thicknesses.

    AWS D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, D1.6 and AASHTO/AWS D1.5 specify preheat and interpass temperature requirements through tables and clauses in their respective codes.

    <<PREHEAT CODES GUIDES>> WPSAmerica.

    com

    The need for and the temperature of preheat are dependent upon a number of factors such
    as chemical analysis, degree of restraint of the parts being joined, elevated temperature
    mechanical properties, and material thicknesses.

    AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding Code-Steel)

    Clause 3.5 (C3.5)-Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements:

    Preheat and interpass temperature shall be sufficient to prevent cracking. Table 3.2 shall
    be used to determine the minimum preheat and interpass temperatures for steels listed in
    the code.

    Table 3.2
    Prequalified Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature (°C)

    Category
    Thickness (mm)* A B C D
    3 to 20 mm incl. 10 10 10 0
    Over 20 thru 38 mm incl. 65 10 65 0
    Over 38 thru 65 mm incl. 110 65 110 0
    Over 65 mm 150 110 150 0

    AWS D1.1-Table 3.2


    *Thickness of Thickest Part at Point of Welding

    Note: When the base metal temperature is below 0°C, the base metal shall be preheated to
    a minimum of 20°C and the minimum interpass temperature shall be maintained during
    welding. For modification of preheat requirements for SAW with parallel or multiple
    electrodes, see Clause 3.5.2.

    Welding Process:
    Category A: SMAW with other than low-hydrogen electrodes
    Category B & C: SMAW with low hydrogen electrodes, SAW, GMAW, FCAW
    Category D: SMAW, SAW, GMAW, and FCAW with electrodes or electrode-flux
    combinations capable of depositing weld metal with a maximum diffusible hydrogen
    content of 8 ml/100 g (H8), when tested according to AWS A4.3.

    Annex XI & Annex CXI (Table XI-2):


    Guideline on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat

    WPSAmerica.com PAGE 1 OF 4
    AWS D1.2 (Structural Welding Code-Aluminum) WPSAmerica.com

    Clause 4.8-Preheat and Interpass Temperatures:

    When fabricating the heat treatable aluminum alloys or the 5000-series aluminum-
    magnesium alloys containing more than 3% magnesium, the preheat and interpass
    temperatures shall not exceed 120°C. Holding times at this temperature shall not exceed
    15 minutes.

    Commentary C4.8-Preheating is sometimes used for welding thick aluminum sections to


    avoid heat balance with dissimilar thickness, or to remove moisture.

    Clause 4.18.4.5-Preheat for the purpose of straightening in T4 condition of A201.0,


    A444.0, and the 3XX.0 casting alloys, shall not exceed 150°C.

    AWS D1.3 (Structural Welding Code-Sheet Steel)

    Clause 5.1-Welding shall not be performed when:

    -Ambient air temperature is below 0°F (-18°C), or

    -When the base metal to be welded is exposed to moisture

    Clause 5.4-Allowable Deviation from WPS for Lower Temperatures (Arc Spot, Arc
    Seam, and Arc Plug Welds):

    WPSs qualified at base metal temperatures of 60°F (16°C) or higher shall be permitted at
    temperature as low as 32°F (0°C) by decreasing the travel speed or increasing the weld time by 20%.

    AASHTO/AWS D1.5 (Bridge Welding Code)

    Clause 4.2-Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements:

    Preheat and interpass temperature shall be sufficient to prevent cracking. Experience has
    shown that the minimum preheat and interpass temperatures specified in Table 4.4 are
    adequate to prevent cracking in most cases. However, increased preheat temperatures
    may be necessary in situation involving higher restraint, higher hydrogen, lower welding
    heat input, or steel composition at the upper limits of the specification. Conversely,
    lower preheat temperatures may be adequate to prevent cracking, depending on restraint,
    hydrogen level, and actual steel composition or higher welding heat input.

    See Table 4.4 on the next page (PAGE 3 OF 4).

    WPSAmerica.com PAGE 2 OF 4
    WPSAmerica.com
    Table 4.4-AWS D1.5
    Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature (°C)

    Group
    Thickness (mm)* A B
    3 to 20 mm incl. 10 10
    Over 20 thru 40 mm incl. 20 50
    Over 40 thru 60 mm incl. 65 80
    Over 60 mm 110 110

    AWS D1.5-Table 4.4


    *Thickness of Thickest Part at Point of Welding

    Note: See Annex VIII and Tables 12.3, 12.4, and 12.5 for alternate preheat and
    interpass temperatures. Table 4.4 is for SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, and SAW welding
    processes.
    A) M270M (M270) (A 709M [A 709]) Gr.250 (36), Gr.345 (50), Gr.345W (50W)
    B) M270M (M270) (A 709M [A 709]) Gr.485W (70W), Gr.690 (100), Gr.690W (100W)

    AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members (Section


    12):

    Clause 12.14-Preheat and Interpass Temperature Control for fracture critical


    nonredundant members. See Tables 12.3, 12.4, and 12.5 for alternate preheat and
    interpass temperatures.

    Annex VIII: Guidelines on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat

    AWS D1.6 (Structural Welding Code-Stainless Steel)

    Clause 3.29-Part H (Prequalified WPS Requirements):

    -The minimum preheat shall be sufficient to remove moisture from the work, unless other
    means are used to keep moisture away from the weld puddle area.

    -The maximum interpass temperature shall be 175°C.

    WPSAmerica.com PAGE 3 OF 4
    <<PWHT CODES GUIDES>> WPSAmerica.com

    AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding Code-Steel)

    Clause 3.14 (C3.14)-Postweld Heat Treatment

    Clause 5.8-Stress-Relief Heat Treatment

    See Table 5.2 (Minimum Holding Time), and Table 5.3 (Alternate Stress-Relief Heat
    Treatment)

    AWS D1.2 (Structural Welding Code-Aluminum)

    Clause 4.24-Postweld Heat Treatment shall be performed in conformance with


    procedures approved by the Engineer.

    Commentary C4.24-In aluminum, heating after welding is usually done not to relieve
    stresses, but rather to heat treat the material to regain strength lost by welding. Non-heat-
    treatable alloys can be thermally stress relieved effectively. The heat-treatable aluminum
    alloys are not suitable for thermal stress-relief treatment. See Welding Aluminum:
    Theory and Practice, Aluminum Association for further information.

    AASHTO/AWS D1.5 (Bridge Welding Code)

    Clause 4.4-Stress Relief Heat Treatment

    Clause 4.4.1-Where required by the contract drawings or specifications, welded


    assemblies shall be stress-relieved by heat treating. Finish machining shall preferably be
    done after stress relieving. See Table 4.5 (Minimum Holding Time), and Table 4.6
    (Alternate Stress-Relief Heat Treatment)

    AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members (Section


    12):

    Clause 12.15-Postweld Thermal Treatment (Hydrogen Diffusion Postheat) for fracture


    critical nonredundant members to prevent cracking or minimize lamellar tearing, when
    required by the Engineer.

    Clause 12.15.2-Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

    AWS D1.6 (Structural Welding Code-Stainless Steel)

    Clause 5.16-Postweld Heat Treatment and Recommendations


    WPSAmerica.com PAGE 4 OF 4

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