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UPPSC AE 2019 CIVIL

ASSISTANT ENGINEER ENGINEERING Test 2

Part Syllabus Test

Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow, Hydraulic Machines, & Hydropower Engg.

ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 11. (d) 21. (b) 31. (b) 41. (a)

2. (d) 12. (b) 22. (c) 32. (b) 42. (b)

3. (d) 13. (b) 23. (a) 33. (b) 43. (a)

4. (a) 14. (a) 24. (a) 34. (d) 44. (b)

5. (b) 15. (c) 25. (a) 35. (b) 45. (c)

6. (a) 16. (c) 26. (c) 36. (b) 46. (a)

7. (d) 17. (c) 27. (a) 37. (b) 47. (c)

8. (c) 18. (d) 28. (c) 38. (b) 48. (b)

9. (c) 19. (b) 29. (c) 39. (b) 49. (c)

10. (d) 20. (b) 30. (c) 40. (b) 50. (d)
8 | UPPSC AE 2019

DETAILED EXPLANATIONS

1. (c)
Δp Δp
K = = Δρ
ΔV
V ρ
200
∴ K = × 10 4 N/m2 = 2 GN/m2
0.001
2. (d)
NPSH (Net positive suction head) = Cavitation coefficient × Manometric head
= 0.1 × 50 = 5 m
p atm − p v
Now, NPSH = − hs − h fs
ρ× g
Patm − Pv P P
Safe height of runner, hs = − NPSH = atm − v − NPSH (∵ hf = 0)
ρ× g ρ× g ρ× g s

= 10 – 2 – 5 = 3 m

3. (d)
Gauge pressure at P = 0.8 × 1 + 1.0 × 1.6
= 2.4 m of water
= 2.4 × 10 × 103 N/m2
= 24 kPa

4. (a)
ρ ⋅ Vcr ⋅ d
Critical Reynolds number, Rcr = μ
Rcr ⋅ μ 2500 × 0.143
⇒ Vcr = ρd = = 15.89 m/s  15.9 m/s
2.5
900 ×
100
5. (b)
Chezy’s formula:
V = c RS ...(1)
Manning’s formula:
1 2/3 1/2
V= R S ...(2)
n
From (1) and (2)
1 2/3
c RS = R S
n
1 2/3
⇒ cR1/2 = R
n
1 1/6
⇒ c= R
n

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 Civil Engineering | Test 2 9

6. (a)
⎛ 1 + cos θ ⎞
Maximum efficiency, ηmax = ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
2
For θ = 0°, the curved vanes will becomes semicircular and ηmax = 1 or 100%.

7. (d)
Equating the head coefficients, we get
N 1 D1 N 2 D2
=
H1 H2

⎛N ⎞
2 1 H
∴ D1 = ⎜⎝ N ⎟⎠· H × D2
1 2

⎛ 1200 ⎞ 25
= ⎜ × 300 = 500 mm
⎝ 1200 ⎟⎠ 9

8. (c)
According to Newton’s law of viscosity, shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of angular
deformation (strains rate) or velocity gradient across the flow.
dθ
τ ∝
dt
du
τ = μ
dy
where μ = absolute or dynamic viscosity

9. (c)
For hydraulically most efficient symmetric trapezoidal channel section. The wetted perimeter is
minimum for trapezoidal half hexagon, hydraulic radius is half the flow depth and discharge is
maximum for given area of flow, bed slope and roughness.
The assumption of width at top to be twice the hydraulic depth is wrong and is valid for rectangular
channel.

10. (d)
Top Hyd. jump

Spillway

Toe/bottom

The energy dissipation in a hydraulic jump is given by

( y 2 − y 1 ) 3 (2.4 − 0.4) 3
EL = = = 2.08 m
4 y 1y 2 4 × 2.4 × 0.4

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10 | UPPSC AE 2019

11. (d)
For V - notch
8 ⎛ θ⎞
Q = C d 2 g tan ⎜ ⎟ H 5/2
15 ⎝ 2⎠
dQ 5 dH
∴ Q
= = 2.5%
2 H

12. (b)
We know that, Q = AV
⇒ 25 = 5 × 2 × V
⇒ V = 2.5 m/s
The specific energy is given by
2
E = y+
V2
= 2+
( 2.5 )
= 2 + 0.3125 = 2.3125 m = 2.3 m
2g 2 × 10

13. (b)
Option (a) gives critical depth for rectangular channels which is derived from option (b) only.

14. (a)
For laminar flow through circular pipe
⎛ r2 ⎞
u = umax ⎜ 1 − ⎟
⎝ R2 ⎠

⎛ r2 ⎞ ⎛ 52 ⎞
⇒ u = 2 u avg ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = 2 × 5 ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = 7.5 m/s
⎝ R2 ⎠ ⎝ 10 2 ⎠

15. (c)
For smooth pipes
0.316
f =
( Re ) 1/4 ( 4 × 10 3
< Re < 10 5 )
0.316 0.316
= = = 3.16 × 10 −2
(10 ) 4 1/4 10

16. (c)
⎛ 1⎞
Lr = ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ (given)
25
Water will be moving under the influence of gravitational force, hence Froude’s model law will be
applicable.
∴ Vr = Lr
(Force) m
Fr = = ρr vr2 Lr 2 = ρr Lr 3
(Force) p

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 Civil Engineering | Test 2 11

(Force) m
⇒ (Force)p = (∵ ρr = 1)
Lr 3
= 5 × 253 = 78125 N = 78.125 kN

17. (c)
The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s
∴ Dimension of kinematic viscosity [ν]=L2/T.
Dynamic viscosity ( μ )
Kinematic viscosity (ν) =
Mass density ( ρ)

kg/ms kg m3 m2
= = × =
kg/m3 ms kg s
[ν] = [L2 T–1]

18. (d)
NDL1 M2

CDL
S2

CDL

Mid slope
NDL2
Steep slope

19. (b)

For a rectangular weir, Q =

2
3
( )
C d L 2 g H 3/2 = kH 3/2

3
∴ dQ = kH 1/2 . dH
2
dQ 3 dH
∴ Q = 2 H
dQ
⇒ Q = 1.5 × 2.5 = 3.75%

20. (b)
∵ Speed of sound, C = 330 m/s = 1188 km/hr
 1200 km/hr (in air or vacuum)
V 800
∴ Mach number = = = 0.67
C 1200

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12 | UPPSC AE 2019

21. (b)

V12 hf
2g Energy grade
line V22
Hydr
aulic 2g
p1 grad
e line
γ
p2
V1
γ
G of pipe
V2
Z1
Z2

Datum
1 2

⇒ Total energy lines lies over the hydraulic gradient line by an amount equal to the velocity
head.

22. (c)
P1 – P2 = ρg (h2 – h1)
⇒ 80 × 103 – 60 × 103 = ρ × 9.81 × (8 – 5)
⇒ 20 × 103 = ρ × 9.81 × 3
⇒ ρ = 679.58
⇒ ρ  680 kg/m3

23. (a)
When a pipe discharges into a large reservoir as shown in figure, the velocity head in the pipe

⎛ V12 ⎞
⎜⎝ 2g ⎟⎠ which corresponds to the kinetic energy per unit weight is lost in turbulence of eddies in the

reservoir. This loss is termed as the exit loss for the pipe.

V1

Exit loss

24. (a)
For flow to be irrotational,
ωz = 0
1 ⎛ ∂v ∂u ⎞
i.e., − = 0
2 ⎜⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎟⎠
∂u ∂v
or − = 0
∂y ∂x

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 Civil Engineering | Test 2 13

25. (a)

26. (c)

27. (a)
Head available at the nozzle = 0.9 × 400
= 360 m

∴ Velocity of jet, v = C v 2 gH

⇒ v = 0.98 2 × 10 × 360
= 83.16 m/s
 83 m/s

28. (c)
⎡ P ⎤ ⎡ P ⎤
In case of pump, P = ⎢ 3 5⎥ =⎢ 3 5⎥ (Given N = constant)
⎣ N D ⎦m ⎣ N D ⎦P
5
Pm ⎛ Dm ⎞
⇒ Pp = ⎜⎝ Dp ⎟⎠
5
⎛ 1⎞ 1
= ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ 2⎠ 32

29. (c)

30. (c)
Chezy’s equation,

V = C RS

d hf ⎛ d ⎞
= C · ⎜⎝ ∵ R = for pipe ⎟⎠
4 L 4

d 1 fLV 2 ⎛ fLV 2 ⎞
∴ V2 = C 2 · · ⎜ ∵ h f = 2 dg Darcy-Weisbach equation ⎟
4 L 2 dg ⎝ ⎠

⇒ 8g = C2f

8g
⇒ C =
f

31. (b)
∂p ∂τ
= ∂y
∂x

32. (b)

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14 | UPPSC AE 2019

33. (b)
V2 q2
∵ F22 = =
gy 2 gy 23

q2 F12
= 3
= 3
⎛ y2 ⎞ ⎛ y2 ⎞
gy 13 ⎜⎝ y ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ y ⎟⎠
1 1

8F12
=
( )
3
−1 + 1 + 8F12

34. (d)
U max
= 1.43 f + 1
U
For both smooth and rough pipes, the friction factor (f) increases with ageing.
U max
So, ratio also increases.
U

35. (b)

36. (b)
For flow to be incompressible,

∇· V = 0
∂ u ∂v
⇒ + = 0
∂x ∂y
∂ ∂
⇒ ∂x (5 + a1 x + b1 y ) + ∂y (4 + a 2 x + b 2 y ) = 0

⇒ a1 + b2 = 0

37. (b)
In laminar viscous flow, the ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity of flow between two
fixed parallel plates is
U max 3
=
U 2
2 × U max 2 × 12
∴ U = = = 8 m/s
3 3

38. (b)

ALN π × (20 × 10 −2 ) 2 × 40 × 10 −2 × 60
Theoretical discharge, Qt = =
60 4 × 60
= 0.01257 m3/s = 12.57 l/s

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 Civil Engineering | Test 2 15

39. (b)

(
V = C v 2 g pstag − pstatic )
= 0.98 × 2 × 9.81 × (3 − 0.5)
= 6.86 m/s  6.9 m/s

40. (b)
Pumps operating in series carries same discharge but different heads. Whereas pumps operating
in parallel carries same head but different discharge.
Qnet = Q, Hnet = 3H

SERIES

Q, H Q, H Q, H

Qnet = 3Q, Hnet = H

PARALLEL
Q, H

Q, H

Q, H

41. (a)
A Pitot tube is a device used for velocity measurement. It in fact measures the stagnation pressure
at any point in the flow.

42. (b)
yp < ys < ya

1
2
Q = const.
P
Depth, y

y1
y2 C

yC R′
P′

E2 Δz Specific
Δzm energy
E1

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16 | UPPSC AE 2019

43. (a)
ρAV 2
FD = C D
2
1.2 × 1000 × (1 × 2) × 3 2
=
2
= 1.2 × 1000 × 9
= 10.8 × 1000 N
= 10.8 kN

44. (b)
V = 2 m/s

4 mm

Fixed Plate

du V 2.0
Velocity gradient, = = − 3
= 500 s −1
dy h 4 × 10

du N
∴ Shear stress, τ = μ = 0.2 × 500 = 100 2 = 100 Pa
dy m

45. (c)
We know that for triangular channel
4 4
yc = Emin = × 1.5 = 1.2 m
5 5
vc2
∵ E min = y c +
2g

vc2
1.5 = 1.2 +
2 × 9.81
⇒ vc = 0.3 × 2 × 9.81 m/ s
⇒ vc = 2.43 m/s

46. (a)
∵ Wave is travelling downstream
∴ Celerity, C = Vw – V1 = 4 – 0.4 = 3.6 m/s

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 Civil Engineering | Test 2 17

47. (c)
The non-dimensional form of specific speed for pumps is known as shape factor.
The specific speed of the pumps has dimensions of [L3/4 T –3/2].
The range of specific speeds far axial flow pumps is between 200 and 300.

48. (b)

1/2
⎛ Inertia Force ⎞ V V
Mach number, M = ⎜ = =
⎝ Compressibility/ Elastic Fo rce ⎟⎠ E /ρ C

where, C is velocity of sound in the medium.

49. (c)
x
Cv = 2 yH

20 m
x x
⇒ 0.98 = y
2 0.2 × 20 20 cm
⇒ x = 4 × 0.98
⇒ x = 3.92 m

50. (d)
Since, pipes are parallel
∴ hL,P = h L,Q
2
⎛ fLQ ⎞ ⎛ fLQ 2 ⎞
⎜ 5⎟ = ⎜ 5⎟
⎝ 12.1 D ⎠ P ⎝ 12.1 D ⎠ Q
2
⇒ 16 fQ P2 = fQ Q
QQ
⇒ QP = = 0.25 QQ
4



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