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    Nature and The Machine PDF

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    In the 1930s, modern architecture principles developed further and spread more widely, sometimes adapting to new local contexts with different climates, traditions, and construction methods. Key modernist architects like Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier continued developing their signature styles through iconic buildings, bringing modernism to new regions while responding to internal artistic visions as well as external social and economic influences.

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    Nature and The Machine PDF

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    165 views14 pages
    In the 1930s, modern architecture principles developed further and spread more widely, sometimes adapting to new local contexts with different climates, traditions, and construction methods. Key modernist architects like Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier continued developing their signature styles through iconic buildings, bringing modernism to new regions while responding to internal artistic visions as well as external social and economic influences.

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    In the 1930s, modern architecture principles developed further and spread more widely, sometimes adapting to new local contexts with different climates, traditions, and construction methods. Key modernist architects like Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier continued developing their signature styles through iconic buildings, bringing modernism to new regions while responding to internal artistic visions as well as external social and economic influences.

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    165 views14 pages

    Nature and The Machine PDF

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    ruchesha
    In the 1930s, modern architecture principles developed further and spread more widely, sometimes adapting to new local contexts with different climates, traditions, and construction methods. Key modernist architects like Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier continued developing their signature styles through iconic buildings, bringing modernism to new regions while responding to internal artistic visions as well as external social and economic influences.

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    Nature and the machine: mies

    van der rohe, wright and le


    Corbusier in the 1930s
    An article from Modern Architecture since 1900 by William
    J.R.Curtis, published by Phaidon press, London, 1996

    Formation Crystallization Dissemination


    Up to 1918 1918 to 1940 1940 to present

    IU1543000038 Ruchesha P
    “In the 1930s, the filtering down, extension and elaboration of central
    principles of modern architecture was complicated and enriched by the
    growth of new branches far from the points of origin, sometimes in places
    with quite different climates, traditions, social projects and ways of
    building.”

    ‘internal’ impulses and necessities ‘external’ pressures and stimuli

    Free plan and facade Depression


    Horizontality Emergence of totalitarianism
    ‘type-forms’ Regional differentiation
    Grid and extending curve Symbolic devaluation
    Organic textures and weathering

    “Only nature is the inspiring and true, only Nature can be the support for
    human works. But do not render Nature, as the landscapist do, showing
    only outward aspect. Penetrate the cause of it, its form and vital
    development…”
    Charles L’Eplattenier, 1906
    What to do next?
    1.1

    2.1

    Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969)


    1.2 “Less is more” and “God is in the details”

    Civic buildings and Monuments


    • Symmetry • Horizontality

    2.2 • Frontality • Free plan and façade


    • Axiality • Grid
    1.1 Seagram building new York 1958, plan.
    1.2 Seagram building entrance.
    1.3 Seagram building perspective view.
    2.1 New National gallery Berlin 1968, plan.
    2.2 New National gallery looking from inside.
    2.3 New National gallery perspective view.
    3 Bauakademie in Berlin von Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1831, plan.
    1.3 2.3
    4.1 5.1

    5.5

    4.2 5.2
    Residences
    • Asymmetry • Horizontality
    • Fluidity • Free plan and façade
    • Interlocking • Extending curve
    volumes
    5.3
    4.1 Farnsworth House in Illinois 1946, plan.
    4.3 4.2 Farnsworth House in Illinois 1946, view from inside.
    4.3 Farnsworth House in Illinois 1946, interior.
    4.4 Farnsworth House in Illinois 1946, perspective view.
    5.1 Tugendhat house brno 1929-30, street level plan.
    5.2 Tugendhat house brno 1929-30, outside inside relationship.
    5.3 Tugendhat house brno 1929-30, interior.
    5.4 Tugendhat house brno 1929-30, perspective view
    5.5 Tugendhat house brno 1929-30, first level plan.
    4.4 5.4
    Upon returning to
    Berlin, became
    Mies van der Rohe He joined the firm, involved in the very
    was born in 1886 in where he met Le active artistic scene Nazi first came to
    Aachen, Germany, a Corbusier and Walter of the 1920s, when power and forced He created some of
    centre of heavy Gropius, who were Bauhaus De Stijl and He designed shutdown of the the most iconic
    industry. also working under Expressionism were Germany pavilion for Bauhaus of which he buildings starting
    Behrens. all emerging. the World’s Fair was director. from this year.

    1886 1905 1907 1915 1920 1924 1929 1930 1933 1937 1940 1969

    He moved to Berlin to From 1915 to 1918, he He collaborated with He became the director He migrated to the He died in Chicago.
    work for architect and served in the war. Lilly Reich. of the Bauhaus, working United States at the
    furniture designer to de-politicize the invitation of the
    Bruno Paul. institution and refocus Armour Institute in
    its efforts on rigorous Chicago.
    theory and arts training.
    6.2 6.3

    Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)

    Residences
    • Nature • Horizontality
    • Materiality • Free plan and façade
    • Order • ‘Type-forms’
    • Organic textures and
    weathering

    6.1 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, site plan.


    6.2 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, Ground level plan.
    6.1 6.3 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, South elevation.
    1902 7 1907 8

    1939 9 1948 10

    6.5 1954 11 1987 12

    The sense of shelter being provided by


    the overhangs and by screen like
    windows detailed to enhance the
    vertical and horizontal.

    6.4 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania.


    6.5 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania.
    7 Arthur Heurtley House, 1902, the Prairie style.
    8 Avery Coonley House, 1907, the Prairie style.
    9 Bernard Schwartz House, 1939.
    10 Cedar Rock, 1948.
    11 Bachman-Wilson House , 1954.
    12 C. Leigh Stevens House, 1987.
    6.4
    6.2 6.3

    Civic buildings and offices


    • Grid • Horizontality
    • Materiality • Free plan and façade
    • Order • Organic textures and
    weathering

    6.1 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, site plan.


    6.2 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, Ground level plan.
    6.1 6.3 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, South elevation.
    He marries Catherine Designs Fallingwater Mayor Richard Daley
    Lee Tobin House for Edgar J. of Chicago declares
    Frank Lloyd Wright Designs his own He opens his own He opens an office in Kaufmann, Bear Run, October 17 "Frank
    was born in 1867. home in Oak Park, IL practice in Chicago. Chicago. PA Lloyd Wright Day"

    1867 1887 1889 1890 1893 1894 1912 1932 1934 1940 1956 1959

    He moved to Chicago. Begins working with First exhibition of his His works An Wright founds He dies on April 9 in
    Adler and Sullivan. work is held at the Autobiography and The the Frank Lloyd Arizona.
    Chicago Architectural Disappearing City are Wright Foundation.
    Club. published.
    6.2 6.3

    Le Corbusier(1887-1965)

    • Order • Free plan and façade


    • Grid and • ‘Type-forms’
    extending
    curve • Organic textures and
    weathering
    • Modulor

    6.1 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, site plan.


    6.2 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, Ground level plan.
    6.1 6.3 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1934, Pennsylvania, South elevation.
    How to overcome the schisms resulting from the division of labour,
    how to employ the machine yet maintain a sense of wholeness
    socially and visually, how to reintegrate man and ‘nature’.
    References
    Mies van der rohe

    https://www.theartstory.org/artist-mies-van-der-rohe-ludwig.htm

    https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/19/mies-van-der-rohe-modernist-architect-third-director-bauhaus-100/

    https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/mies-van-der-rohe-critical-biography-book

    https://www.archdaily.com/784297/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-mies-van-der-rohe

    https://www.moma.org/artists/7166

    http://miessociety.org/mies/projects/

    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ludwig-Mies-van-der-Rohe

    http://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe/

    https://www.wright20.com/auctions/2016/10/design/237

    Frank Lloyd Wright

    http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/lessons/architecture-since-1900/

    http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/arts-and-crafts.htm

    http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/frank-lloyd-wright.htm

    http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/twentieth-century.htm

    http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1687/the-rise-and-fall-of-modernist-architecture

    http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/twentieth-century.htm

    https://www.encyclopedia.com/literature-and-arts/art-and-architecture/architecture/modern-architecture

    Le Corbusier

    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier

    https://www.france24.com/en/20150429-le-corbusier-fascism-row-taints-legacy-france-foremost-architect

    http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/refuge/index.htm

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