“AFT END STRUCTURE MODEL REPORT”

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Student Name : DIVYA RAJESH SOLANKI
Reg No : 17613110
Subject : SP II and PPM
Planned work :
Start date : 31st JAN 2020

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 Abstract

Naval architecture is a study in engineering dealing with shipbuilding , designing , maintenance

and operation of marine structures and vessels . A ship is an assembly of various types of
structural components. All these structural components provide the basic strength and support
to the ship’s shell structure. In ships, frames are ribs that are transverse bolted or welded to the
keel . The frames support lengthwise members which run parallel to the keel, from the bow to the
stern these may variously called stringers. Here we have tried to make the model of “AFT END
STRUCTURE” which is a replica of a container ship. This project gives the general idea about
the Structural Framing arrangement of a ships . The aft end structure has great importance from
the point of view of flow past the propeller as well as the type of rudder that is going to be installed
to have the best manoeuvring characteristics.Our model deals with the framing system which are
transverse, longitudinal frames. The main motive of our project was to make it reliable, cost
effective, recyclable and eco-friendly. Process flow of our model is being elaborated through this
report. Using PERT/CPM chart for production planning and executing the project. PERT/CPM
is tremendously effective tool for shipyard project management. With the help of this charts we
tried to do the preliminary planning and model production according to industry standards .The
activity mapping and analysis was done with the help of these charts.

Key words - AFT END STRUCTURE, structural members, Ribs, stringers, framings, recyclable,
keel, process flow, CPM, PERT .

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Table of contents:

S.NO Description Page no

1 Work study (Introduction) 5

2 Planning (activity map PERT & 11

CPM analysis to be included)

3 Budget (planned) 12

4 Approach towards fabricating 13

(activity map PERT & CPM
analysis)

5 Learnings from the work done 14

6 Budget (final) 14

7 List of drawings 15

8 List of photos 15

9 Conclusion 15

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Introduction:

This report covers the Structural arrangement of ships “AFT END STRUCTURE”of a container ship
which was our project . Before starting the project we worked together in a group and studied about our
project topic. We researched and gathered information , designs relevant to our project topic as the part
of a literature review. Then we did further study on what is concept and how we can use a concept to
create a effective model. The main motive of our project was to make it reliable, cost effective,
recyclable and eco-friendly. This project gives the general idea about the Structural Framing
arrangement of a ships Aft End part ie (Transverse, Longitudinal framings and Stiffening member
arrangement). The reason behind this project topic is to have better understanding in ship building and
its structural design. Before starting the project proper planning has to be done and it is one of the most
important process. It describes the cost, scope, estimation, schedule and execution for the project. The
work was distributed according to the plan .
For better understanding we selected a simple design, which had transverse frames supported by
longitudinal frames till engine room area. The detail drawings were done using CADD software and
RHINO 3D. By using this softwares we created a 3D model of our structure as a reference for
fabrication of frames. The second most important thing which comes into play is material selection.
Proper selection of material gives better results. The material which we selected for our model was
cardboard (millboard) of thickness 1.5mm, which was recyclable and eco-friendly to nature. In ship
building industry for joining of two plates they use welding (process of joining metal with help of
heat),but in our model we have used adhesive (glue) to stick the cardboard frames. And for the final
touch silver metallic paint is being used.
After gathering all informations, designs and materials we began our individual work process. Thus,
this report was made to keep records of all our work that were done within this project.

MODEL SPECIFICATION

Our model length = 29.5 cm

Breath = 37 cm
Depth = 15 cm
Transverse frames = 18
Longitudinal frames = 7

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Activity List :

NO ACTIVITY DAYS
1 MAKING DRAWING/LAYOUT FOR CONSTRUCTION 3
2 TAKING XEROX FOR TEMPLATES 1
3 PURCHASE OF MATERIAL 2
4 CUTTING OF CARDBOARD 8
5 STICKING OF 2 FRAMES 2
6 ASSEMBLY 10
7 PAINTING 2
TOTAL DAYS 28
Table 1 : Activity List

PREPARATION OF CARDBOARD PLATES AND SECTIONS:

In shipyards the steel plates undergo treatment , but here its cardboard which does not need any
treatment. So we move forward and start our marking process with the use of drawings.The design was
extracted from the software which was segregated into frames and printout was taken for further
markings. These frame section drawings were marked on the board and cutting is done. In shipyards
cutting machines are used such as CNC and Plasma cutting machine, but for a cost efficienct model, we
used scissors and cutters for cutting the frame sections.

Fig 1 : Templates drawing in autocadd

PRE-FABRICATION :
The structural elements are assembled in sub assembly. With the help of sub assemblies, panels are
made in prefabrication the panels are assembled into blocks.

SUB-ASSEMBLY
When plates and sections are cut they are ready for assembly. Similarly each single frame has two cut
outs sticked to each other which gives extra strength to the frames.

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 Fig 2 : Template frames of cardboard

BLOCK ASSEMBLY:
Assembly is any process that takes a number of piece parts , or larger structures, and combines them
into a larger structures. The frames which are ready for block assembly are arranged and pasted
according to the design and hence the model is being created. For the aesthetic look silver metallic paint
was coated with the help of paint brush.
The process of assembling the fabricated frames using RHINO 3D software is shown below:

1. In first stage the longitudinal frame are attached to the transom with the help of adhesive.

• Fig 3. STAGE 1- longitudinals frame fabrication in software

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2. The transverse frames are cut into small sections and fixed in between the longitudinals at
particular frame spacing.

Fig 4. STAGE 2 -transverse frame fabrication in software

Fig 5. STAGE 2 -transverse frame fabrication in software

Fig 6. STAGE 2 -transverse frame fabrication in software.

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 Fig 7. STAGE 2 -transverse frame fabrication

3. Similarly all longitudinal and transverse frames are assembled and the model is being made.

Fig 8. View after all the frames assembled in software

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Fig 9. View after all the frames assembled in model.

Fig 10. Final view of model.

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PLANNING (ACTIVITY MAP PERT & CPM ANALYSIS):
ACTIVITY LIST FOR PLANNING
NO ACTIVITY PREDECESSOR DURATION
1 CONCEPT DESIGN A 2
2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN B 3
3 CONTRACT DESIGN C 1
4 LAYOUT FOR CONSTRUCTION D 1
5 PURCHASE OF CARDBOARD E 2
6 XEROX OF TEMPLETS F 1
7 FINAL G -
Table 2. Activity list for planning

PERT CHART NETWORK

CPM NETWORK

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Selecting path for modelling as critical path

FOR PATH 1

PATH - 1 = {1------2------3------4------5--------6}

ADDING DAYS FOR SELECTEDD PATH 1

PATH -1 = {2+3+1+2+1}

= 9 DAYS

FOR PATH 2

PATH - 2 = {1------3------4------5-------6}

ADDING DAYS FOR SELECTEDD PATH 2

PATH -1 = {2+1+2+1}

= 6 DAYS

• Lettered circle are nodes and represent events or milestone.

• Directional arrows represent dependent tasks that must be completed sequentially.
• Diverging arrow directions indicate possibly concurrent task.

BUDGET PLANNED:

NO MATERIALS AMOUNT
1 Cardboard 120
2 Cutter 48
3 Scissor 40
4 Flexquick 100
5 Xerox 10
6 Fevicol 70
7 Marker 20
8 Paint (2 nos) 90
9 Brush (3 nos) 50
10 Travelling 60
TOTAL 608

Table 3. Budget planned

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Approach towards fabricating (activity map PERT & CPM analysis)
ACTIVITY LIST FOR FABRICATION

NO ACTIVITY PREDECESSOR DURATION

1 LAYOUT OF CONSTRUCTION A 1
2 TEMPLETS B 1
3 CUTTING OF CARDBOARD C 8
4 FABRICATION D 2
5 ASSEMBLY E 10
6 PAINTING F 2
7 SUBMISSION G -
Table 4. Activity List For Fabrication

PERT CHART

CPM NETWORK

Selecting path for modelling as critical path

FOR PATH 1

PATH - 1 = {1------2------3------4------5-------6}

ADDING DAYS FOR SELECTEDD PATH 1

PATH -1 = {1+1+8+2+10+2}

= 24 DAYS

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 • Lettered and numbered circle are nodes and represent events or milestone.
• Directional arrows represent dependent tasks that must be completed sequentially.
• Number written with the letters is duration in days.

LEARNING FROM THE WORK DONE :

The aft end of a ship terminates the structure and is designed to provide a smooth water flow into and
away from the propeller. Brief knowledge about structural member usage. The arrangement of
transverse and longitudinal frames. The use of stiffeners and stringers. A center girder runs beneath
each of the deck at the stern. The vertical stiffeners are bracketed to the floors and to the deck beams
which runs transversely across the stem. Solid plate floors are located at every frame space. Horizontal
stringers also can be fitted to stiffen up the structure by connecting it to transverse frames. Centerline
longitudinal bulkhead is fitted to reduce free surface effect. It is stiffened by vertical stiffeners and
girders. Rudder Trunk is found in the stern for the entry of rudder stock into the steering gear room.
Stern tube is housed in aft. The place through which shaft line passes by. Lightening hole are present in
the floors or intercoastal to reduce the weight content of the ship and to provide access to tank areas.
Last but not least project management skills were also improved such as scheduling, cost control,
communication, Thinking and decision making.

BUDGET FINAL:

NO MATERIALS AMOUNT
1 Cardboard 200
2 Cutter 50
3 Scissor 100
4 Flexquick (3 nos) 150
5 Xerox 50
6 Fevicol 100
7 Paint (2 nos) 150
8 Paint Brush (3 nos) 50
9 Travelling 100
TOTAL 950

Table 5. Budget Final

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List of Drawings:
• Fig 1 : Templates drawing in autocadd
• Fig 3 : STAGE 1- longitudinal frame fabrication in software
• Fig 4 : STAGE 2- transverse frame fabrication in software
• Fig 5 : STAGE 2- transverse frame fabrication in software
• Fig 6 : STAGE 2- transverse frame fabrication in software
• Fig 8 : View after all the frames are assembled in software

List of Photos:

• Fig 2 : Templates frames of cardboard

• Fig 7 : STAGE 2- transverse frame fabrication model
• Fig 9 : View after all the frames are assembled in model
• Fig 10 : Final view of model

CONCLUSION :
This model making helped us gain a vast amount of practical knowledge and the real difficulties in
associated in the shipbuilding process. We have learnt the importance of completing work on time, and
it has helped us in believing our self and extracted out the hidden potential out of us. We have learnt
here how to work as team. We tried to show all the framing systems in the aft section of the ship. We
have provided the model with all the necessary details to the best of our knowledge. Thus, we have
completed the model making project successfully.

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