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    Iii. Clinical Discussion of The Disease A. Pathophysiology of Fracture I. (Book Based)

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    Lemuel Guevarra
    This document discusses the pathophysiology of bone fractures in two sections - a general section based on textbooks and a client-specific section. Key points include: 1) Bone fractures occur when stress placed on the bone exceeds its strength, leading to bone breakage and death of bone cells. Bleeding and inflammation occur at the fracture site. 2) Osteoblastic activity is immediately stimulated to form a callus that is remodeled into new bone over several weeks. 3) Risk factors include female gender, advanced age, trauma such as from driving fast in the client-specific section. Immobilization and fixation are needed to facilitate healing of the broken bones.

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    Iii. Clinical Discussion of The Disease A. Pathophysiology of Fracture I. (Book Based)

    Uploaded by

    Lemuel Guevarra
    267 views4 pages
    This document discusses the pathophysiology of bone fractures in two sections - a general section based on textbooks and a client-specific section. Key points include: 1) Bone fractures occur when stress placed on the bone exceeds its strength, leading to bone breakage and death of bone cells. Bleeding and inflammation occur at the fracture site. 2) Osteoblastic activity is immediately stimulated to form a callus that is remodeled into new bone over several weeks. 3) Risk factors include female gender, advanced age, trauma such as from driving fast in the client-specific section. Immobilization and fixation are needed to facilitate healing of the broken bones.

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    GrandcasePathophysiology-of-Fracture

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    This document discusses the pathophysiology of bone fractures in two sections - a general section based on textbooks and a client-specific section. Key points include: 1) Bone fractures occur when stress placed on the bone exceeds its strength, leading to bone breakage and death of bone cells. Bleeding and inflammation occur at the fracture site. 2) Osteoblastic activity is immediately stimulated to form a callus that is remodeled into new bone over several weeks. 3) Risk factors include female gender, advanced age, trauma such as from driving fast in the client-specific section. Immobilization and fixation are needed to facilitate healing of the broken bones.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    267 views4 pages

    Iii. Clinical Discussion of The Disease A. Pathophysiology of Fracture I. (Book Based)

    Uploaded by

    Lemuel Guevarra
    This document discusses the pathophysiology of bone fractures in two sections - a general section based on textbooks and a client-specific section. Key points include: 1) Bone fractures occur when stress placed on the bone exceeds its strength, leading to bone breakage and death of bone cells. Bleeding and inflammation occur at the fracture site. 2) Osteoblastic activity is immediately stimulated to form a callus that is remodeled into new bone over several weeks. 3) Risk factors include female gender, advanced age, trauma such as from driving fast in the client-specific section. Immobilization and fixation are needed to facilitate healing of the broken bones.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    III.

    CLINICAL DISCUSSION OF THE DISEASE


    a. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FRACTURE i. (BOOK BASED)

    Non-modifiable factor Modifiable factor


    Personal history of fracture as an TRAUMA Current cigarette smoking
    adult Low body weight
    History of fracture in first degree Estrogen Deficiency
    relative Stress placed on the Early menopause (45 years old) or
    Female gender bone exceeds bilateral ovariectomy
    Advanced age Prolonged premenstrual
    amenorrhea
    Bone Breakage Low Calcium Intake
    Alcoholism
    Recurrent falls
    Death of bone cells Inadequate physical activity
    Poor health/Frailty
    Driving fast Behavior
    Bleeding typically occurs around
    Osteoblastic activity is immediately stimulated, both the site and into the soft tissues
    intraosseous and periosteal from osteoprogenitor surrounding the bone. The soft
    cell tissues are usually damaged by Disruption in fracture hematoma due to
    the injury. displaced and comminuted bone
    Immature new bone or callus is formed
    Intense Inflammatory Reaction
    Fixation or proper bone alignment is
    Fibrin clot is soon reabsorbed and the new needed to facilitate bone healing
    bone cells are slowly remodeled to from true Vasodilation
    bone
    Open Reduction Internal Fixation
    Increased blood flow to the area of injury Intramedullary Nailing Interlocking Femur
    True bone replaces callus and is slowly
    Right, Open Reduction Internal Fixation
    calcified. (Several weeks to few months)
    Leukocytes and mast cells accumulate Wiring Patellar Right

    Phagocytosis and removal of dead cell debris Screws, Wires, Rods, Nails or other
    fixation apparatuses hold both ends
    of broken bone together
    A fibrin clot (fracture hematoma) forms at the break and
    acts as a new network to which new cells can adhere.
    Stress on the opposed of the broken bones,
    which accelerates osteoblastic activity at the
    break leading to hastened normal bone healing
    Maintenance of immobilization to
    Skin and tissue breakage
    facilitate bone healing

    Additional inflammation aside from


    response surrounding the bone Limited ROM and decreased
    muscle strength

    Increased nociception

    Increased vital signs, moaning,


    irritable, guarding behavior
    ii. CLIENT BASED

    Non-modifiable factor Modifiable factor


     Female gender TRAUMA  Driving fast behavior
     Advanced age (64years old)

    Stress placed on the


    bone exceeds

    Bone Breakage

    Death of bone cells

    Bleeding typically occurs around


    Osteoblastic activity is immediately stimulated, both the site and into the soft tissues
    intraosseous and periosteal from osteoprogenitor surrounding the bone. The soft
    cell tissues are usually damaged by Disruption in fracture hematoma due to
    the injury. displaced and comminuted bone
    Immature new bone or callus is formed
    Intense Inflammatory Reaction
    Fixation or proper bone alignment is
    Fibrin clot is soon reabsorbed and the new needed to facilitate bone healing
    bone cells are slowly remodeled to from true Vasodilation
    bone
    Open Reduction Internal Fixation
    Increased blood flow to the area of injury Intramedullary Nailing Interlocking Femur
    True bone replaces callus and is slowly
    Right, Open Reduction Internal Fixation
    calcified. (Several weeks to few months)
    Leukocytes and mast cells accumulate Right

    Phagocytosis and removal of dead cell debris Screws, Wires, Rods, Nails or other
    fixation apparatuses hold both ends
    of broken bone together
    A fibrin clot (fracture hematoma) forms at the break and
    acts as a new network to which new cells can adhere.
    Stress on the opposed of the broken bones,
    which accelerates osteoblastic activity at the
    break leading to hastened normal bone healing
    Maintenance of immobilization to
    Skin and tissue breakage
    facilitate bone healing

    Additional inflammation aside from


    response surrounding the bone Limited ROM and decreased
    muscle strength

    Increased nociception

    Increased vital signs, moaning,


    irritable, guarding behavior

    References:

    Hall, J.E., Guyton A. C. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 12 th edition (2011) Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. Pp 960

    Black J, Hawks J.H. Medical Surgical Nursing Clinical Management for Positive Outcomes 7 th edition (2005) Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. Pp 619-648

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