EPISODE 7 Foundations of Curriculum Development

Activity 1 Complete the timelines by indicating the significant contribution of each

person.

Franklin Bobbit Werret Charters William Kilpatrick Harold Rugg

1876- 1956 1875 – 1952 1875 – 1952 1886 – 1960

considered Emphasi-
presented curriculum Viewed
curriculum
zed social
curriculum also as a
as a as studies in
science the
science which is purposeful
activities curriculum
that based on
which are and the
emphasiz students'
child- teacher
es on need, and
centered. plans the
students' the lesson in
need. teachers advance.
plan the
activities.

Hollis Caswell Ralph Tyler Hilda Taba Peter Oliva

1901 – 1989 1902 – 1994 1902 – 1967 1992 – 2012

curriculum Social
curriculum Peter
as processes,
is a Oliva's
organized including
around science socializatio Ten
social and an n of human General
functions extension beings, Axioms of
of of school's are not Curriculu
themes, philosophy linear, and m
. based on they Developm
organized cannot be
knowledg students' ent
modeled
e and need and through
earner's interests. linear
interests. planning.
Activity 2 Interview an administrator, a faculty and cite specific examples in each of the
Items given below. Complete the Table.

Foundations of Curriculum Samples/ Situations

1. Philosophical Foundations Teacher provides oral recitation regarding to their
topic to provide information of the subject matter.

2. Historical Foundations Teacher gives pre-test and post-test.

3. Psychological Foundations Students were mentally present on its lesson.

4. Social Foundations
Students were having a group activity.

My Personal Insights

The stakeholders gives importance to espoused the four major foundations:

philosophical, historical, psychological and social foundations are deemed necessary for
planning, implementing, and evaluating in a school curriculum.

The philosophy in the classroom is to promote learning activities and enhanced

the skills and knowledge of the students, the important subjects to be taught, the kind of
learning students must have and how they can acquire them, the instructional materials,
methods and strategies to be used, and how students will be evaluated.

Historical foundations gives importance like what Franklin Bobbit says that
curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need.
 Psychology provides information about the teaching and learning process. It also
seeks answers as to how a curriculum be organized in order to achieve students’
learning at the optimum level, and as to what amount of information they can absorb in
learning the various contents of the curriculum.

Social Foundations inquiry helps to sharpen students’ capacities to understand,

analyze, and explain educational issues, policies, and practices in order to improve
education.

As a future teacher, I will give importance and strengthen the foundations of

education. Without the strong foundation then the education will weak and it will never
provide a good quality education to the students or no learning at all. The vital role of a
teacher is to strengthen the foundation of education in order for us to provide proper
education, the values we impart and knowledge that they need to acquire in our
capacity.
Activity 3 Evolve your own philosophy based on the existing philosophies of education.
Illustrate through a graphic organizer. Explain how this will be applied, if you
are going to put up your own school.

Educational Philosophies

Rationalism Pragmatism Ethics

Contrustivism
Descriptive Meta Ethics Normative
Ethics Ethics
Cognitive Theory

Information
Processing

Mind Map Learning Styles

Explanation

This graphical organizer illustrates the functions of my school using the philosophical
in education.
First is rationalism where reality is constructed by the teacher and students. Where
both are rational people which they give ideas or construct their own ideas, cognitive
theory or learning will function and it will process the information through mind
mapping and that’s the time you can identify the learning styles of the students.
Pragmatism in educational philosophy it is an education problem solving and direct
experiences involved or the practical application of ideas by acting them.
Ethics falls into 3 categories which are descriptive, meta and normative. Descriptive
ethics is a beliefs about morality, meta ethics is an ethical terms and theories and
normative is ought to act. In reality, descriptive is what the people think is right? Meta
ethics is what does right even mean?. Normative ethics is how people act?
Pieces of Evidence Documents

Records Pictures

Franklin Bobbit Peter Oliva

(1876-1956) 1992-2012

Werret Charters Hilda Taba

(1875-1952) 1902- 1967

William Kilpatrick Ralph Tyler

(1871-1965) 1902-1994

Harold Rugg Hollis Caswell

(1886-1960) 1901-1989
 EPISODE 8 Crafting the Curriculum: The Teacher As A Designer

Accomplish the matrix by interviewing an administrator and a teacher to

Activity 1 explain how the ten (10) axioms are realized in the school setting, The
administrator or the teacher has the option to choose the axiom that she/he
wishes to explain.

Ten (10) Axioms for Curriculum Situations/ Samples on How These Axioms are Realized
Designers in the School Setting
1. Curriculum change is Yes indeed it is necessary because if there is no
inevitable, necessary and curriculum it’s like going to nowhere.
desirable.

2. Curriculum reflects its Curriculum should be timeless which means it responds to

own time. It is a product the change that comes from social forces and education
of its time. reforms.

3. Curriculum changes The change that occurs in curriculum development can

made earlier can exist co-exist, oftentimes overlaps for long period of time.
concurrently with newer
curriculum changes.

4. Curriculum change It is best that teachers design and own the changes.
depends on people who
will implement the
change.

5. Curriculum development Any significant change in curriculum must involved the

is a cooperative group stakeholders get their support and input.
activity.
6. Curriculum development A curriculum developer or designer must decide what
is a decision – making contents to teach and what methods or strategies to use.
process made from
choices or alternatives.

7. Curriculum development AS needs of learners change, as society change, and as

is an on – going process. new knowledge and technology appear, the curriculum
must change.

8. Curriculum development A curriculum design should be based on a careful plan,

is more effective if it is a intended outcomes clearly established.
comprehensive process
not piecemeal.

9. Curriculum development A curriculum design should always be SMART.

is more effective when it
follows a systematic
process.

10. Curriculum development An existing design is a good starting point for any teacher
starts from where the who plans to enhance and enrich a curriculum.
curriculum is.
 Activity 2 Observe a class or get a sample lesson. Using the elements/component,
write a sample curriculum using the template given below.

Intended Learning Subject Matter or Teaching/Learning Assessment/Evaluation

Outcomes Learning Content Methods

To know the Basic foot massage Demonstrate the Arrange

different foot technique different foot massage CHRONOLOGICALLY
massage technique with the following
technique. models. accordingly.

Activity 3 Request a sample lesson. Analyze the components present in the plan.
Paste the lesson plan below.
 Pieces of Evidence Documents

Records Pictures

Collect 3 sample lesson plans for various schools. Evaluate the similarities and
differences using the Venn Diagram.

Laconsolation University of the Philippines

NAME OF SCHOOL

Differences:
 Procedures
 Assessment
 Agreement
 Strategies

Similarities in
Component:
Same Intended
Objectives and Subject

Differences: Differences:
 Procedures  Procedures
 Assessment  Assessment
 Agreement  Agreement
 Strategies  Strategies

Kapitangan National High School Marcelo H Del Pilar National High School

NAME OF SCHOOL NAME OF SCHOOL