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Cryptography Notes

The document discusses the history of codes and ciphers from ancient times to modern eras. It defines key terms like code, cipher, and key. It then provides examples of early encryption methods from civilizations like Sumeria, Egypt, Hebrew, Greek and Roman cultures. These include cuneiform writing, hieroglyphics, the ATBASH cipher, skytale, Caesar cipher, and Vigenére cipher. The document uses encryptions of a name "Isabella Millie" to demonstrate different encryption techniques through history.

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19 views

Cryptography Notes

The document discusses the history of codes and ciphers from ancient times to modern eras. It defines key terms like code, cipher, and key. It then provides examples of early encryption methods from civilizations like Sumeria, Egypt, Hebrew, Greek and Roman cultures. These include cuneiform writing, hieroglyphics, the ATBASH cipher, skytale, Caesar cipher, and Vigenére cipher. The document uses encryptions of a name "Isabella Millie" to demonstrate different encryption techniques through history.

Uploaded by

bee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Code: Any symbol or signal used to represent or communicate something else 

Ex: codewords/codenames 
Cipher: A way to make a word or message secret by changing or rearranging the letters in a 
message 
Ex: H=R, Q=U, P=D 
Key: To understand any code or cipher you need a key 
 
3500 BC: Sumeria 
Cuneiform Writing 
1900 BC: Egypt 
Hieroglyphics 
● Egyptian Cartouche 
○ Helped scholars to realize that the hieroglyphs were phonetic and not 
symbolic 
● Rosetta Stone 
○ Hieroglyphics 
○ Demoti 
○ Greek 
500-600 BC: Hebrew Scripts 
ATBASH cipher 
 
A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M 

Z  Y  X  W  V  U  T  S  R  Q  P  O  N 
 
RHZYVOOZ NROORV (Isabella Millie) 
HZRMG QLHVKS KIVK (Saint Joseph Prep) 
XSZRI (chair) 
 
480 BC: Greek 
Skytale 
Monoalphabetic Ciphers 
50-60 BC: Rome 
Caesar Cipher 
- Shift over 
A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z 

J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I 
RBJKNUUJ VRUURN (Isabella Millie) 
 
Random Substitution Cipher 
* Random changes 
Keyword Code 
* Using a keyword at the beginning of a Caesar Cipher for encryption 
UNIVERSTYABCDFGHJKLMOPQWXZ 

Polyalphabetic Ciphers 
Vigenére Cipher 
 

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