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    Discrete Symmetries and Violation: From Experiment To Theory

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    lalilo
    This document provides a summary of discrete symmetries and CP violation from experiment to theory. It begins with an introduction to symmetries and invariances in quantum theory. It then discusses parity, charge conjugation, time reversal and CPT symmetries based on experimental tests. CP violation was first discovered and then proven in the neutral kaon system. The document explores CP violation signatures and links experimental measurements in the kaon and heavy meson systems to theoretical predictions in the Standard Model. It concludes by discussing broader implications and open questions regarding symmetries in physics.

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    Discrete Symmetries and Violation: From Experiment To Theory

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    lalilo
    125 views5 pages
    This document provides a summary of discrete symmetries and CP violation from experiment to theory. It begins with an introduction to symmetries and invariances in quantum theory. It then discusses parity, charge conjugation, time reversal and CPT symmetries based on experimental tests. CP violation was first discovered and then proven in the neutral kaon system. The document explores CP violation signatures and links experimental measurements in the kaon and heavy meson systems to theoretical predictions in the Standard Model. It concludes by discussing broader implications and open questions regarding symmetries in physics.

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    This document provides a summary of discrete symmetries and CP violation from experiment to theory. It begins with an introduction to symmetries and invariances in quantum theory. It then discusses parity, charge conjugation, time reversal and CPT symmetries based on experimental tests. CP violation was first discovered and then proven in the neutral kaon system. The document explores CP violation signatures and links experimental measurements in the kaon and heavy meson systems to theoretical predictions in the Standard Model. It concludes by discussing broader implications and open questions regarding symmetries in physics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    125 views5 pages

    Discrete Symmetries and Violation: From Experiment To Theory

    Uploaded by

    lalilo
    This document provides a summary of discrete symmetries and CP violation from experiment to theory. It begins with an introduction to symmetries and invariances in quantum theory. It then discusses parity, charge conjugation, time reversal and CPT symmetries based on experimental tests. CP violation was first discovered and then proven in the neutral kaon system. The document explores CP violation signatures and links experimental measurements in the kaon and heavy meson systems to theoretical predictions in the Standard Model. It concludes by discussing broader implications and open questions regarding symmetries in physics.

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    Discrete Symmetries and

    CP Violation
    From Experiment to Theory

    M. S. Sozzi
    University of Pisa

    OXFORD
    UNIVERSITY PRESS
    CONTENTS

    Preface vii
    Acknowledgements xi

    1 Symmetries and invariances 1


    1.1 Symmetry and invariance 1
    1.2 Transformations and symmetries in quantum theory 2
    1.3 Symmetries and conservation laws 6
    1.4 Discrete transformations and inversions 9
    1.5 Symmetry violations 12

    2 Parity 15
    2.1 Parity transformation 15
    2.2 Parity symmetry 30
    The determination of the neutral pion parity 36
    2.3 Parity violation 42
    Beta decay asymmetries from polarized nuclei 47
    Longitudinal polarization of beta decay electrons 53
    Beta decay asymmetries of free polarized neutrons 57
    Muon decay asymmetries 59
    Optical rotation of light 70
    Inelastic electron scattering 74
    M011er scattering 75
    Parity-violating gamma decay asymmetry 80
    Circular polarization of gamma decay radiation 83

    3 Charge conjugation 88
    3.1 Charge conjugation transformation 88
    3.2 Charge conjugation symmetry 98
    3.3 Charge conjugation violation 108
    Charge conjugation tests in positronium decay 111
    7r + 2 -7r° asymmetries 116
    xiv CONTENTS

    4 Time reversal 121


    4.1 Time reversal transformation 121
    4.2 Of phase factors 130
    4.3 Time reversal symmetry 136
    4.4 Time reversal violation 154
    Muon transverse polarization in semi-leptonic K decays 157
    Transverse polarization in beta decay 163
    Beam searches for neutron EDM 175
    ILL storage EDM experiment 179
    The muon EDM 185

    5 CPT and spin statistics 195


    5.1 CPT symmetry 195
    5.2 Experimental tests of CPT 205
    Penning trap measurements 208
    Positronium decay correlation tests 215
    5.3 Super-selection mies 218
    5.4 Spin and statistics 221
    Search for antisymmetric two-photon states 227

    6 CP symmetry 231
    6.1 CP symmetry: found and lost 231
    The discovery of CP violation 240
    The proof of CP violation 245
    6.2 Consequences of CP symmetry 250
    6.3 CP violation signatures 260
    Hyperon decay asymmetry measurements 264

    7 Flavoured neutral mesons 276


    7.1 Flavoured neutral meson mixing 276
    7.2 Flavoured neutral meson decays 292
    7.3 Time evolution of flavour eigenstates 300
    7.4 Asymmetries 309
    7.5 Meson pairs 313

    8 CP violation in the K system 322


    8.1 Neutral kaons: generalities 322
    8.2 Semi-leptonic decays 328
    Semi-leptonic charge asymmetries 332
    CONTENTS xv

    8.3 Two-pion decays and direct CP violation 334


    Direct CP violation in neutral K decays 351
    8.4 Time reversal violation 358
    T violation in neutral K mixing 359
    8.5 CPT symmetry 362
    8.6 Three-pion decays 370
    8.7 Other decay modes 375
    8.8 Coherent kaon pairs 377
    8.9 C,P properties of CP violation 380

    9 The link to theory 383


    9.1 Early concepts 383
    9.2 The Standard Model 385
    9.3 From theory to measurements 399
    9.4 From measurements to theory 411
    9.5 Other scenarios 414

    10 CP violation in heavy meson systems 419


    10.1 Flavour mixing 419
    10.2 D mesons 421
    10.3 B mesons phenomenology 426
    10.4 B meson experiments 435
    B-factory experiments 440
    Interference CP violation at B-factories 443

    11 Widening the picture 455


    11.1 Symmetries of gravity 455
    11.2 The strong CP problem 459
    11.3 The cosmic connection 460
    11.4 Mirror matter 480
    11.5 Macroscopic chirality 481

    Coda 483

    Appendix A Notation 485

    Appendix B Quantum field theory 487


    B.1 Scalar fields 487
    B.2 Fields with spin 490
    B.3 Interactions 493
    xvi CONTENTS

    Appendix C Scattering in quantum theory 495


    C.1 Scattering 495
    C.2 Approximations 500

    Appendix D The Dalitz—Fabri plot 503

    Appendix E Spin and polarization 506


    E.1 Polarization 506
    E.2 Covariant polarization 508
    E.3 Time evolution 511
    E.4 Massless particles 512

    Appendix F Systematic errors 514


    F.1 Of errors, mistakes and experiments 514
    F.2 Treatment of systematic errors 516
    F.3 Of errors and cross checks 522

    Bibliography 526

    List of Experiments 545

    Index 547

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