CASE STUDY: GREEN BUILDINGS

Presented by:

Aaesha Qamar
Afrin Fatima
Ashutosh Singh
Jalaluddin Naseem
GREEN BUILDINGS
 Uses less energy, water, natural resources
 Generates less waste
 Healthier for people living in it

 Energy saved= 30-40% per day

 Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
 Potable water saving upto 20-30%
 High productivity of occupants
 Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
 Lower operating costs and increase asset value
 The Energy and resources institute earlier known
as Tata Energy Resources Institute

A powerful and effective combination of

modern science and traditional knowledge.

Project details
Site location : 30 km south of Delhi, in northern Haryana at GUAL PAHARI
Site includes : Forestry , Micro propagation technology park (MTP) , Patchy greens, Retreat centre ,
Golf range , Golf Course
Site area : 36 hectares
Climate : Composite
Building type : Institutional
Architects : Sanjay Prakash and Teri
Year of start/completion :1997–2000
Cost of the project Civil works : Rs 23.6 million; Electrical works - Rs 2.5 million
Cost of various technologies : Rs 18.54 million

"Sustainability was the back bone of the entire design concept and it was communicated to the architect
that the building should incorporate all possible elements of Passive Solar Architecture and Low Energy
Cooling systems" says Mili Majumdar.
GEOMETRY OF THE BLOCK

• The north block is made slightly

concave towards the front. South
forms a hybrid convex surface
facing the winter sun.

• The point of the south block

broadly falls on the surface of
large imaginary cones that
generated the slightly free
geometry & this allow the
architecture to break away the
grid iron apporach normally
associated with solar
architecture.
 Site and Design

The linear geometry of the site with a narrow frontage and an aspect ratio of almost 1:3 dictated the
strong linear axis in the design. The logical sequence of positioning the three distinct functioning zones in
a hierarchy of public access to restricted entry formed the other key consideration in design development.
Placing the commercial block at the front was the most logical choice in exploiting the commercial
potential of the frontage of the site. The functional core also coincides with the geometric central part of
the linear site. The residential zone comes up from the rear forming the last zone in the linear sequence.
That the design responds to orientation and climatic factors, is but an obvious fact. The north line is at a
slight angle to the linear axis of the site and the design takes full advantage of this orientation in the
composition of the built and open spaces and in creating wind flows through the complex as also lighting
and shading of the spaces.

Site Plan and Ground Floor Layout (bottom)

1 Commercial Block, 2 Classrooms, 3, 4 Laboratories, 5,6 administrative block, 6
accounts, 7 dining hall, 8 hostel, 9, 10, courts, 11 Open Air Theatre
Elements of Design
The Sun, Sky, Air, Water and Earth shape the nature of architecture which emerges on this site.
The process of continuous dialogue between the architect and TERI and the engagement of
TERI in the design process augmented the thrust on climate responsive design in a large way.
Sun
SUN
Passive solar design is an important feature in the design of this building. The planning and orientation of
spaces and building blocks ensures glare free daylight in all regularly occupied spaces. All the linear blocks
are oriented in the East-West direction with shorter facades facing the sun. Most of the south west facing
walls are kept blank in order to protect the building from the harsh south west solar radiations. Where
the south west walls have openings, they are protected by means of pergolas or projecting balconies. The
east, west and south facades of the building have minimum glazing
Air
The predominant wind direction is taken
into account in designing the open spaces.
The central atrium acts as an air funnel
defined by the other buildings. The
opening oriented in the prevailing wind
direction catches the outside air and
channelizes it through a narrow stretch of
the block before releasing it into the
central court area.
The architect's experience of design in hot
dry areas, particularly in earlier projects in
Hyderabad made him confident of the
effectiveness of this design feature in
cooling the ambient temperatures of the
enclosed areas. The central atrium is also
proposed to be covered with an automatic
adjustable louvers system (Vergola). The
angle of the louvers can be adjusted to
block the solar radiations during summer
and to allow ample sunlight during winter.
The system is further proposed to be
integrated with photo voltaic panels. The
louvers if kept closed can effectively
prevent rain water from entering the
atrium during the rainy season.
Sky
Maximum use of daylight and use of light sensors to
regulate the use of artificial lighting in the interiors is
another key design strategy.
In areas where daylight is available, fixtures have been
fitted with continuous dimming electronic ballasts.
These fixtures are controlled by light sensors which
respond to available light conditions and automatically
regulate the connected fixtures to achieve the desired
level of uniform illumination required. In areas with
non- uniform illumination, occupancy sensors that can
turn off the lights when the space is unoccupied have
been installed. This kind of a lighting system has a Daylighting integration using light fixtures
potential of saving 70% lighting energy demand. fitted with electronic ballasts regulating the
Use of efficient double glazing window units help level of illumination responding to avilable
significantly reduce the heat gained through window natural light and adjustable aeroscreen louvres
to regulate summer and winter sunlight entry
glazing in the summers and the heat lost in the winters
(top and centre)
without compromising on the day lighting integration Double glazed facades reduce heat gain
and the levels of visual comfort. without affecting the level of illumination
(bottom)
Concept Poster on 'Air' by Mindspace (facing
page)
Water
Vasant Kunj being a water starved area, incorporation of
water saving fixtures and rain water harvesting was an
important concern in the design brief from the very
beginning.
Water and waste management systems are important
features of the building design. All buildings in the campus DETAILS OF RECHARGE TRENCH CUM BOREVVELL

have been provided with low flow fixtures such as dual flush
toilets, low flow taps and sensor taps that result in 25%
savings in water use. The waste water generated from the
hostel block is treated through efficient biological processes
using a combination of micro organisms and bio-media filter.
This treatment system requires less area and low energy. The
treated water meets the prescribed standards for landscape
irrigation. Rainwater harvesting is also an important concept
which contributes to efficient water management. The
average annual rainfall of Delhi is 611mm. Rainwater run off
from the roof and the site are tapped to recharge the
aquifer. This enhances the sustainable yield in areas where
over development has depleted the aquifer. The excess
surface water is also conserved and stored for future
requirements. The quality of existing ground water is also
improved through dilution.
Earth
The campus is equipped with three types of cooling systems (i)Variable Refrigerant Volume
system (VRV), (ii) Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) and (iii) Thermal Mass Storage The VRV system is
proposed for the peripheral commercial block and the administrative block of the institute.
This state-of-the-art air conditioning system, which is similar to a split AC is highly efficient
under partial loading conditions and beneficial to areas with varying occupancy. It allows
customized control of individual zones eliminating the use of chilled water piping, ducting
and plant room.

The use of Earth Air Tunnel gives an energy saving of nearly 50% as compared to the
conventional system
Thermal mass storage used for cooling the classrooms and labs involves storing energy when
available and using it when required. Here, cooling of thermal mass is done during night.
This cool thermal mass is used to cool air in day time. This system gives an energy saving of
up to 40%
BASIC DESIGN VECTORS
• To integrate functionality of building with energy applications.
• To minimize energy demand in the building through architectural
intervention. (eg. Passive concepts such as solar radiation, lattice
work for shading, insulation and landscaping).
• To meet the space conditioning and lighting demands through
energy efficient system.
• To meet the electric energy demands using renewable energy
sources

Solar lights used in gardens Solar street lights

Few of the south facing walls
are mounted with
aero screen louvers (Hunter
Douglas) fixed at an angle
of 35deg. This ensures that the
winter sun is let in where as the
summer sun is blocked. The use
of louvers in front of the glazed
walls also reduces the heating
up of the glass facade
considerably.

The walls that are exposed to the harsh solar rays have a stone cladding which is fixed to
the wall by channels. The air gap between the wall and the stone cladding in itself acts
as an insulation layer. On the western façade, rock wool insulation is also provided in the
wall. Energy efficiency is further enhanced by Vermiculite insulation in parts of the roof
slab.
The Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) is used in the hostel blocks. This is a dual heating-cooling system
using the heat sink property of the earth to maintain comfortable temperatures inside the
building. Air which passes through the buried pipes gets cooled in summer and heated up in
winter.
A lot of research went in to the design of this system. Airtron, the Air-conditioning consultants
for the project in collaboration with faculty of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore simulated
the system and refined it to perfection. On continuous uninterrupted use in extreme heat
conditions as in Delhi, this system faces the problem of the earth around the tunnel getting
heat saturated and reducing the effectiveness of cooling. A recovery time is required for the
earth to dissipate the heat from the immediate surroundings. After rigorous experiments and
simulations a second loop of tubes was created and the two loops used alternately to provide
sufficient recovery time to the earth around and maintain the performance effectiveness of
the system.
DESIGN FEATURES
• Roof insulated with vermiculite concrete and china mosaic white finish.
• Insulated walls using expanded polystyrene insulation.

Vermiculite concrete China mosaic white finish polystyrene insulation skylights

• Shading devices and fenestration have been designed to cut off summer
sun & let in winter sun.
• Glare free day lights used through specially designed skylights.
• Building designed as such wind direction can be redirected.
• Deciduous trees used in the south to shade the building in summers.
• in winters these shed their leaves thus letting in winter sun
• Building oriented along east west axis so as to have maximum exposure
along north-south.
• South side partially sunk into ground to reduce heat gains and loses.
• East and west devoid of opening are shaded
ENERGY EFFICIENT SYSTEM ( EAT)
• Four tunnels of 70m long and 70cm diameter layed at a depth of 4m.
• Four fans of 2 hp each force force the air in and solar chimney force the air
out of the rooms.
• Temp. remains 26 C 4m deep in gurgaon throught year.
• Rooms cooled at 28 C when temp. is 40 degree during daytime in summers.
• In winters temp. recorded was 22 degree when the ambient temp. was 10
degree Celsius.

EARTH AIR TUNNEL (EAT

Solar chimney
AMMONIA ABSORPTION CHILLERS
• A set of eco-friendly chillers run on
LPG and require minimum energy
9kw.

• As LPG is non-renewable sources of

energy so efforts are made to run
the chillers on producer gas
generated by wood burning gasifires.

• For conference hall of 100 people

temperature requires less than 25
degree Celsius which can be attained
by these chillers.
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTENING
• Uses energy efficient compact
fluorescent lamps in the residential
quarters, corridors, lobby & toilets.

• The conference rooms enjoy glare free

daylight through skylights.

• Time based controls switch off lights at

present time.

skylights
ROOT ZONE SYSTEM

PHRAGMITES PLANT WATER COLLECTING SYSTEM

• Waste water is recycled by ‘root zone’ technique in which the roots of

phragmites plants with special capabilities of collecting the waste at the
roots are used to clean the water which is used for irrigation. It cleans
5metre cube of water every day.

• Water harvesting and watershed management are proposed in entire

area.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM
• SOLAR HOT WATER PANELS

• 24 hot water panel forms a part of

parapet walls inclined at 70 degree
instead of 45 degree.

• Fulfills the daily requirement of

2000 litres daily at 65 degree
celsius.

• In winters gas derived from

burning twigs, dry leaves etc. serves
as a back up source to heat the
water.
BIOMASS GASIFIER SYSTEM
The biomass gasifier is the main source of
power during the day
Apart from fuelwood, the gasifier can also use
straw, small twigs and branches, and other
crop residue. To make such fuel easy to handle,
it is chopped into small pieces which are
pressed together to form compact cakes or
briquettes. The 50-kilowatt gasifier runs a
generator, whose diesel requirements have
been cut down to 30% after appropriate
modifications; the rest of the fuel comes from
the gasifier in the form of producer gas. One
unit of electricity produced needs 1 kg biomass
and 90 ml of diesel.
Photovoltaic panels
Solar water heater taps the suns energy directly, a
series of photovoltaic panels capture the energy
and store it by charging a bank of batteries. A
number of panels, each measuring 1.1 by 1.2
metres, are joined and form an integral part of the
roof of the building. The panels can generate up to
10.7 kilowatts peak of energy, which is fed into a
900 ampere-hour/240 volt battery bank.
Independent panels power most of the lights
located outside the building. Each such light has a
pair of small photovoltaic panels (roughly a metre
wide and half a metre tall) and is thus a self-
sufficient stand-alone unit.
The sun is the powering force of RETREAT, where
Photovoltaic panels also run a water
solar panels are used to form a 'solar roof' pump
 THE ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE BANGALORE

PRESENTED BY: AFRIN FATIMA

 LOCATION : 12.97O N 77.56 E  CLIMATE : Moderate

 ALTITUDE : 920 M  TEMPERATURE :

 GREEN COVER : 40% MEAN MAX MEAN MIN

SUMMER 35 C 20 C

WINTER 28 C 14 C
INTRODUCTION TO TERI:

 Established in 1974.

 Designed by: Ar. Sanjay Mohe

 Total no of floors: G+2

 Total builtup area: 26663 sq.ft

 Project is designed to house an office block with workstations and a small guest house
attatched to it.

 Concerned with effective utiization of energy, sustainable uses of natural resources, large
scale adoptation of renewable energy technology.

 The design displays an interplay of five basic natural elements (sun, air, earth, water, sky)
with the built form to meet the requirements of thermal, visual, and aural comfort.
LOCATION:

 The site is located at domlur, about 3km from bangalore airport.

 It is a long and narrow site with roads on eastern and northern sides, the former being the major road.

 The western side is an open ground and on the southern side is an open drain about 9m wide.

Schematic layout showing the surrounding roads and the drain.

ORIENTATION:

 The primary winds blow from south to north.

 The building was oriented along the east-west axis so as to have

maximum exposure along north and south.

 The building opens towards the northern side, taking advantage of

glare- free light.
1. Natural wind flowing through south (high pressure zone).
2. Heat from solar rays falling on the south west wall.
 South wall is a double wall to provide insulation from southern sun. 3. Convectional currents moving upwards due to heating of air in cavity wall (low pressure zone).
4. Cool wind drawn in by convectional current system to equalize pressure.

Double cavity
wall clad with
KADAPA stone

Site Plan showing longer sides facing North-South

PASSIVE STRATEGIES
 BASIC ENERGY SORCES IN THE ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING COMPLEX

Heating
Electricity generation Roof ponds
Day lighting Ventilation Roof gardens
Daylighting Fountains for Humidification
Heat sink Heat sink Earth berms for insulation
Greenhouse effect Rainwater harvesting
Solar chimneys

SKY SUN AIR EARTH WATER

 Abundant natural light inside due to intelligently designed

fenestrations.

 Openings have been designed such that requirement of

artificial lighting is minimal throughout the day when the
building is under maximum usage.
Liberal fenestration enhances daylighting
Numerous skylights
minimize the lighting
load

 By creating atrium spaces with skylights, the section of the

building is such that natural light enters into the building,
considerably reducing the dependence on artificial lighting.

 Intelligent systems like energy efficient lamps, luminaries,

and control devices further reduce the lighting load.
 BASIC ENERGY SORCES IN THE ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING COMPLEX

Heating
Electricity generation Roof ponds
Day lighting Ventilation Roof gardens
Daylighting Fountains for Humidification
Heat sink Heat sink Earth berms for insulation
Greenhouse effect Rainwater harvesting
Solar chimneys

SKY SUN AIR EARTH WATER

Photo voltaic cells are used to capture the suns energy thus
generating electrical energy for the various stations.

These photovoltaic cells have been arranged in line with the

primary orbit of the sun the panel are integrated with
dynamic truss to optimize the generation of energy.

The suns energy is further used in the form of solar

heaters which is used to generate all the hot water in
the guest house.
 BASIC ENERGY SORCES IN THE ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING COMPLEX

Heating
Electricity generation Roof ponds
Day lighting Ventilation Roof gardens
Daylighting Fountains for Humidification
Heat sink Heat sink Earth berms for insulation
Greenhouse effect Rainwater harvesting
Solar chimneys

SKY SUN AIR EARTH WATER

 Ventilation is enhanced by the use of solar chimneys  Generates reverse wind circulation.
and vents.
 Starts pulling fresh air flow at body level to provide thermal
 Allows breeze to flow over building. comfort.

 Creates negative pressure setting up convectional  Hot air rises towards the top on southern façade
currents.
The primary winds blow from the south to north over the
nallah, hence the building needs to react to this if,the foul
unhygienic air has to be prevented from entering the
building .
The blank wall carries a system of cudappa.
The colour black was deliberately chosen because of its
heat absorptive power.

Cool breeze down in by

convectional current Unhygenic foul breeze
system to equalise pressure flowing from south
DETAILS OF THE SOLAR CHIMNEY IN THE BUILDING

WORKING
 The sun’s rays heat the black south wall
increasing the temperature of the
immediate environment around.
 This causes the air in the cavity to rise
upwards naturally.
 These convectional currents are blown
away by the winds blowing south to north.
 This creates a vacuum at the at the top
core structure.
 To fill this vacuum, air from inside is drawn
up.
 This system of hot air rising and drawing in
of cool fresh air is a continuous process.
 BASIC ENERGY SORCES IN THE ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING COMPLEX

Heating
Electricity generation Roof ponds
Day lighting Ventilation Roof gardens
Daylighting Fountains for Humidification
Heat sink Heat sink Earth berms for insulation
Greenhouse effect Rainwater harvesting
Solar chimneys

SKY SUN AIR EARTH WATER

As thermal capacity of earth is high, and annual
temperature fluctuations keep decreasing with
increasing depth of earth.

At depth of 4m below ground, temperature remains

constant and equal to annual average temperature
Earth berm is created to retain the heat.

The building has been designed with landscaped at various levels.

These courts help to enliven the working environment as well as

enhance the micro climate within the structure.

The various levels of terraces also have been landscaped which

reduces the heat exchanges and heat flow between the structure
and the outside environment hence act as good inslation device.
 BASIC ENERGY SORCES IN THE ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING COMPLEX

Heating
Electricity generation Roof ponds
Day lighting Ventilation Roof gardens
Daylighting Fountains for Humidification
Heat sink Heat sink Earth berms for insulation
Greenhouse effect Rainwater harvesting
Solar chimneys

SKY SUN AIR EARTH WATER

 The central court houses an amphitheater that acts
as an informal gathering.

 But more importantly it holds within it the

rainwater harvesting sump for the whole complex.

 An efficient rainwater harvesting system

preserves water to the maximum possible
extent.

 Water run-off from the roof and from the

paved area is collected and stored in the
collection sump below the amphitheatre.

 This collected water is used for landscaping

& in toilet.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENHANCEMENT
 Indoor Environmental quality is very well achieved with the help of non Voc Paints and local flooring material with less
embodied energy.

 Indoor air quality is very well maintained with effective technique and Use of cavity wall in south.

 Plants are used in the interior common connecting spaces for refreshment and air Circulation .

 Proper maintenance is taken care of in the interior to make an HYGNIC living

 North lighting is provided for glare less lighting system and its made to be used in the workspace areas.

 Solar Chimney plays an major role in maintain constant air flow in the interior
 The thermal comfort levels are mainted by the use of filler slabs which
provides insulation between the inside and the outside of the building.

 Filler slabs are designed with alternate panel of concrete and hollow
blocks.

 The holow blocks help in reducing the transimission of heat from outside
to inside of the building.
 Use of double glazed windows with coating.

 Use of cavity wall construction with kadappa stone which is a heat retentive
Use of double glazed windows with coating
material.

Locally available kadappa stone used to clad the Trombe wall helps in insulating the hostels Abundant natural light is available in the work spaces
southern wall
CONCLUSION
BUILDING CONVEYS SKILLFUL INTERPLAY OF NATURAL ELEMENTS WITH THE BUILDING FORM TO REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND
 CII – SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR

 CII – SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE

 INTRODUCTION :
 The Confederation of Indian industry(CII)– Sohrabi Godrej green buisness centre in Hyderabad is the first LEED
Platinum rated building in India,
 It’s an Office building which consists of Offices, Research labs and Conference rooms.
 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS :
 Location : Hyderabad ,
 THERE ARE TOTAL 5 FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE SUSTAINABILTY
 Site area : 4.5 acres ,
OF GREEN BUILDING :
 Built up area : 1,858 sq. M ,
 Type : Office building ,
 Architect : Karan Grover ,
 Landscape Architect : Md. Shaheer ,
 Ratings : Awarded the LEED Platinum rating by the U.S. Green
Building Council (USGBC) in November 2003.

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR

 SUSTAINABLE SITE
 INTRODUCTION :
 Easily accessble from Main Road,
Surrounded by medium sized commercial buildings,
 It has natural vegetations & water bodies,
 Less prone to pollution,
 Sloped in North-West direction.

 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
 ORIENTATION :  ELECTRICITY :
 South – East direction  Use of Solar photovoltaic cells
on the rooftop grid provides
about 24KW or 16 % of the
building's electricity needs.

 Placed appropriately on the roof

facing South and West to capture
 The climate of Hyderabad remains fairly warm most maximum heat gain
of the year,
 Receive less rainfall in the monsoon.

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR

 LIGHTING : JAALI WALLS
GLAZING  Jaali walls which are good source of light has been used in
the passage of washroom,
 North facades are fully glazed for efficient natural lights,
 Shading from trees are provided adjacent to wall as
 Low heat transmitting glass used,
sunlight directly enter the wall,
 Double glass to further reduce heat gain  Open courtyard provide natural light.

 LANDSCAPE : GREEN ROOF

GROUND HUGGING  Roof Gardens cover 55 % of the
 Building(G+1) is kept ground exposed roof area of the building
– high reduction of heat gain
hugging gives a sense of being
close to nature.

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR
 WATER EFFICIENCY  INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
 Rain Water Harvest :  WIND TOWERS
 Some rainwater goes into the soil by the use of grid pavers used on  Fresh air is also drawn into
roads for easy drainage of water, the building through Wind
 The remaining rainwater follows existing flow patterns and towers.
is collected in the water pond.
 LOW VOC
 WASTE WATER TREATMENT :  The use of low volatile
 All wastewater generated - recycled by organic compound (VOC)
"root zone treatment“, paints and coatings to
 The treated water is used for landscaping. enhance the Indoor air
quality.

 COURTYARD
 The courtyard provides
the ventilations inside the
building.

 JAALI WALLS
 The Jaali walls provides
the ventilations inside the
building.

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR

 MATERIALS & RESOURCES
 A waste management plan ensured that 95 % of construction waste
 FLY ASH BRICKS was recycled.
 65% walls are constructed  INDUSTRIAL WASTE
with Fly ash bricks.  Broken glass, broken tiles, broken stones, recycled paper, recycled
 Features : aluminum.
 Costs 20% less than traditional clay brick manufacturing,
 Lighter than clay bricks,
 High strength, practically no breakage during transport,
 High recycled content.

 BAGASSE BOARD
 A byproduct of sugarcane industry,
 Low cost, durable,
 It has wide usage for making partitions, furniture etc.

The lawn trays are entirely made of recycled

plastic waste

Recycled Iron is used in the

corridor.

The floor tiles is used from broken tiles, clay,

paper.

PRESENTED BY: AAESHA QAMAR