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THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647-x STANDARDS

FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS
Updated January 2014

French version/ Version française: http://www.color-source.net/Documentations/Infos_clients/LE_POINT_2014_SUR_LES_NORMES_CMJN_ISO_12647.pdf

This document is summarizing the necessary information:

 For making ISO 12647-x or G7/IDEAlliance (GRACoL & SWOP) color separations,

 For making your color proofs simulating above various CMYK reference frames,

 For controlling your CMYK color proofs according to ISO 12642, ISO 12647-7 or IDEAlliance standards,
or by using more sophisticated techniques,

 For setting your printing presses matching ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 or G7/IDEAlliance standards,

 For updating and enhancing your CMYK ISO or G7/IDEAlliance ICC profiles,

 For downloading affordable applications allowing you fast and easy ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 or G7/IDEAlliance
press settings, with using very affordable and flexible measurement instruments such as Eye-One Pro,
EFI ES-1000, or Eye-One Pro 2 spectrophotometers.

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THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS - January 2014 - © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014.

COLORSOURCE S.A.R.L. - Expertise & training for Digital Imaging, Color Management & Color Printing.
Summary:
Editorial: How Printers should more govern their destiny ....................................................................................... 4

1) The interest of ISO 12647 standards for CMYK print and proof works: ................................................................ 5

2) Summary of up to date ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 ICC profiles January 2014: ................................................................. 6

2-1) ISO 12647-2 and G7/IDEAlliance CMYK ICC profiles for sheet fed and continuous offset presses: ............. 6
2-2) ISO 12647-3: 2005 CMYK ICC profile for coldset web offset press:.............................................................. 8
2-3) ISO 12647-4 CMYK ICC profiles for CMYK Publishing gravure printing: ....................................................... 9
2-4) ISO 12647-6 CMYK ICC profiles for CMYK flexographic printing: ................................................................. 9
2-5) ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 target colors: ................................................................................................................ 10
2-6) ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 target TVI curves (Tonal Value Increase curves): ......................................................... 10
2-6-1) Target TVI curves of ISO12647-2 and 3 for offset printing: ............................................................ 10
2-6-2) Target TVI curves of G7/IDEAlliance standards for offset printing: ................................................ 11
2-6-3) Target TVI curves of ISO12647-4 for gravure printing: ................................................................... 12
2-6-3) Target TVI curves of ISO12647-6 for flexographic printing:............................................................ 12

3) Why do “standard” ISO profiles change? ............................................................................................................12

3-1) Good reasons justifying ISO standards evolutions: .................................................................................... 12

3-2) More questionable evolutions of ISO 12647 standards: ............................................................................ 13

4) How to use ISO 12647 standards at prepress stage: ...........................................................................................13

4-1) ISO CMYK ICC profile to be used for color separations: ............................................................................. 13
4-2) ISO CMYK ICC profile to be used as source profile for color proofing: ....................................................... 14
4-3) Important notes about free downloadable generic CMYK ISO profiles: .................................................... 15

5) Color and density measurement conditions for matching ISO12647-x: ..............................................................16

5-1) Important note about recent spectrophotometers complying with ISO13655:2009 standards: .............. 16
5-2) Color and density measurement conditions: ............................................................................................. 17
5-3) The X-Rite so called "XRGA" color measurement standard: ...................................................................... 18

6) Choosing CMYK inks for matching ISO 12647 standards: ....................................................................................19

6-1) Using CMYK inks not complying ISO standards: ......................................................................................... 19

6-2) Using ISO 2846-x complying CMYK inks: .................................................................................................... 19

7) Density based method for matching ISO12647-x standards: ..............................................................................20

7-1) Colorsource free and universal CMYK test print: ....................................................................................... 20

Download link for Colorsource universal CMYK test print: ................................................................................ 21
7-2) Using the CMYK test print: ......................................................................................................................... 21
7-2-1) Computing each optimal CMYK solid ink density for matching ISO12647-x:.................................. 21
7-2-2) Computing the CMYK printing formes correction curves for matching ISO12647-x: ..................... 24

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 2/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

8) Matching ISO 12647 standards by associating density and color measurement based methods: Simulating color
proofs on printing presses: .....................................................................................................................................26

8-1) Interest of this method:.............................................................................................................................. 26

8-2) Principle of operation: ................................................................................................................................ 27
8-3) How to save CMYK inks: ............................................................................................................................. 27

9) Visual monitoring of gray balance on ISO 12647-x prints matching European ICC profiles: ................................28

10) How to set a press for matching G7/IDEAlliance US interpretation of ISO 12647-2?.........................................29

10-1) Brief critical review of G7/IDEAlliance press-setting methods: ................................................................ 29

10-2) Colorsource solution for setting offset press matching IDEAlliance standards: ....................................... 31

11) Production and control of CMYK color proofs: .................................................................................................32

11-1) Practical realization of a good color proof: .............................................................................................. 32

11-2) Valid principles for checking a color proof: .............................................................................................. 33
11-3) Controlling proofs according to ISO 12642 and ISO 12647-7 standards: ................................................. 34
11-4) Example of Ugra/Fogra method for checking a color proof produced with a low cost domestic ink jet
printer: ............................................................................................................................................................... 35
11-5) What about ISO 12647-7 proofs control? ................................................................................................ 36
11-5-1) Evolution of color proofs acceptability tolerances with “ISO 12647-7”: ...................................... 36
11-5-2) Applicability of proofing control methods as promoted by ISO 12647-7: .................................... 37
11-6) The practical approach of Polestar Group Inc. for gravure: ..................................................................... 38
11-7) Free ISO12647-7 control of Fogra Wedge Media 2 and Fogra Wedge Media 3 control bars by using
MeasureTool software: ...................................................................................................................................... 39
11-8) Controlling Fogra Wedge Media 2, Fogra Wedge Media 3, Colorsource ISO12647-7 and IDEAlliance
ISO12647-7 2009 control bars with free Colorsource CMYK_Print_and_Proof application: ............................. 40
11-9) Other limits of ISO promoted color proofs controls: ................................................................................ 40

12) Some marketing and contractual consequences of ISO 12647 standards: ........................................................41

12-1) An average industrial print quality for standard CMYK print works: ........................................................ 41
12-2) ISO 12647 "Certifications”: ....................................................................................................................... 41
12-3) Color Quality self-certification by all partners and clients of the manufacturing process: ...................... 43

13) The universal Colorsource solution for proofs and prints control: ....................................................................43

14) Colorsource dedicated software for optimal printing press setting: .................................................................44

15) Where to find and download more comprehensive information? ....................................................................45

Download link for Colorsource universal CMYK test print: ................................................................................ 45

Appendix 1: Brief history of «standard» CMYK ISO profiles: ..................................................................................47

1) ISO CMYK profile of European origin: ............................................................................................................ 47

2) ISO CMYK profile of US origin: ....................................................................................................................... 49

Appendix 2: How a market Vendor solved... his OWN problems: ...........................................................................50

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 3/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

Editorial: How Printers should more govern their destiny

Printed communication Industries have been deeply impacted by the consequences of the 2008 financial
crisis.

Happily there are many excellent Repro Houses and excellent Print Houses who are doing quite well despite
of this crisis, thanks to mastering perfectly all their hardware and software production tools. They have
understood their Human Capital has much more importance than their Machines Capital, and that Quality
means Productivity.

Nevertheless, Graphic Industries strangely remain the only Industry where some Vendors can still today say
and do stupid things, without any sanction from the Market:

Permanent useless, forced and expensive software upgrades,

Promotion of undocumented so called color standards,

Disinformation of print producers and print buyers.

We recently read in a well known French Graphic Industries magazine, that our American friends, after
exporting us sodas, transgenic crops, hormone-treated beef, spy phones and other toxic financial products
that ruined millions people life, today dream of exporting us their so-called color quality standards for offset
printing!

And what are doing professional Graphic Industries and color quality organizations for protecting Graphic
Industries from so numerous abuses from their suppliers?

As usual: Nothing. Self-satisfaction, technical approximation, complacency, schizophrenic corporatism but war
on prices.

So that we can only advise our Friends following the wise advice of our well known French gastronome
Mr. Jean-Pierre Coffe: Stop eating shit!

Yes. Nothing and nobody will oblige you to, if you know your business better than your Suppliers and Customers.

Enjoy reading!

Wilfrid Meffre

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

1) The interest of ISO 12647 standards for CMYK print and proof works:
ISO 12647 standards concern to date the following CMYK print processes:

 ISO 12647-2: Process control for the production of half-tone color separations, proof and production prints:
Offset lithographic processes.
 ISO 12647-3: Process control for the production of half-tone color separations, proofs and production prints:
Coldset offset lithography on newsprint.
 ISO 12647-4: Process control for the production of half-tone color separations, proofs and production prints:
Publication gravure printing.
 ISO 12647-5: Process control for the manufacture of half-tone color separations, proof, and production prints:
Screen-printing.
 ISO 12647-6: Production Process control for the production of half-tone color separations proofs and
production prints: Flexographic printing.
 ISO 12647-7: Process control for the production of half-tone color separations, proof, and production prints:
Proofing processes working directly from digital data.

Before the specification of standard chromatic responses for CMYK offset and gravure print processes (C.I.E. Lab
printed color for each Customer’s file CMYK value), there were nearly as many CMYK chromatic responses as Print
Houses and printing presses.

In older times, Print Houses tried to simulate the various proprietary analogue proofs such as cromalin (DuPont),
MatchPrint (3M), AGFAProof and ColorArt (FUJI), which diverse dot gains were mainly of optical origin. Their CMYK
primary colors were not standard, and differed from presses CMYK inks, which themselves depended on every Ink
Supplier. First digital proofs used to simulate the colors of some arbitrary analogue proofs, including its frequent flaws.
Because no reference chromatic response of the various allegedly “standard” analogue proofing systems was published
by their respective Vendors! Each Repro House often simulated its own DuPont analogue cromalin, when nearly 80% of
the cromalins produced in the field used to show wrong dot gain curves that did not match the official “DuPont-
Brunner dot gains curves”.

Under these conditions, standardization was necessary for making the workflow more reliable at each step of the
graphic process, in order to allow Print Houses a better simulation of Customer’s proofs, by using standard, objective,
and inexpensive tools such as modern color management tools and USB connected spectrophotometers.

ISO 12647 standards specify today the arbitrary generic CMYK chromatic responses of main traditional CMYK print
works:

 This allows all prepress actors to carry out good color separations and good color proofs anticipating the final
print run, as long as their Print House can set their printing press to match the relevant ISO CMYK profile,
 This discharges the Print House from any responsibility with respect to prepress, if a print run matching the
relevant ISO CMYK standard does not produce the expected results.
Matching ISO 12647-x standards by simple methods may be achieved by using standard papers and CMYK inks. In these
conditions, it may require using only a specific print curve for each printing forme, and using the appropriate solid ink
densities.

Most of Print Houses already own all necessary hardware to set their presses matching ISO 12647 standards: Only small
investments for appropriate measuring instrument, software, D50 light and vocational training may be necessary,
whether they wish to become “ISO 12647 certified” for (bad) marketing reasons, or not.

Matching ISO 12647 standards - or any other standard specifying some arbitrary CMYK chromatic response - consist
into knowing how to print every day the same colors starting from the same CMYK file, and on each printing press. It is
thus simply making proper use of your production tools for producing decent CMYK prints.

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

Producing good color proofs simulating the various CMYK ISO 12647-x color targets, is also very easy and inexpensive
today, as well as checking these color proofs quality.

Due to their frequent changes, an assessment of ISO 12647-x standards and their evolutions is useful today:

 Which are the good reasons to make ISO 12647 standards change?
 Which are the technical limits and more questionable prospects of ISO 12647-x standards?
 What about G7/IDEAlliance standards, which are a very specific implementation of ISO12647-2 promoted
by SWOP and GRACoL US organizations?

Moreover, it is important to study some contractual and marketing consequences of ISO12647-x standards for all
partners involved in any graphic process: The Producers and their Clients.

You will find at the end of this document useful Internet links for downloading additional technical information,
readymade generic CMYK ISO profiles, and the official characterization data allowing you to compute your own ISO
CMYK profiles with enhanced gamut mapping rendering intents and inks preferences:

 The relevant technical information is currently dispersed (generally in English and German languages) between
the BVDM, Fogra, IFRA, ECI, and G7/IDEAlliance websites,
 Full ISO 12647-x standards texts are only available from the official ISO website with a credit card. A link at the
end of this document gives access to the official ISO 12647-x standards web page.

As a final point, you will find an Appendix summarizing a brief history of ISO 12647-x CMYK ICC profiles, since their first
publication.

2) Summary of up to date ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 ICC profiles January 2014:

All valid or obsolete generic CMYK ISO profiles are downloadable free of charge on the excellent ECI (European Color
Initiative) website, and their original presses characterization files are downloadable free of charge on the Fogra or ECI
websites.

ISO 12647-x standards CMYK ICC profiles are constantly evolving, for reasons this document analyses later.

You should only use up to date ISO CMYK profiles for prepress and color proofing, but you will find in the Appendix 1 at
the end of this document a brief history listing all ISO 12647-x ICC profiles since their first publication, because some
obsolete CMYK ICC profiles are still in use.

2-1) ISO 12647-2 and G7/IDEAlliance CMYK ICC profiles for sheet fed and continuous offset presses:

12647-2 Internal name of the File name of the Characterization

standard offset printing CMYK ICC ISO profile CMYK ICC ISO profile data and
configuration TVI curves

Offset papers types 1 & 2 ISO Coated v2 (ECI) ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc Fogra39L.txt

Matte or glossy paper typ. 115 g/m² ISO Coated v2 300% (ECI) ISOcoated_v2_300_eci.icc K: Curve B
150, 175... ~ 240 dpi AM screenings CMY: Curve A
Offset papers types 1 & 2 printed with PSO Coated v2 300% Glossy PSO_Coated_v2_300_Glossy_ Fogra 50L.txt
ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc target, and then laminate (ECI) laminate_eci.icc
laminated with avec glossy OPP film For color sep. and proofs only. For color sep. and proofs only.

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

 12647-2 Internal name of the File name of the Characterization
standard offset printing CMYK ICC ISO profile CMYK ICC ISO profile data and
configuration TVI curves

Offset papers types 1 & 2 printed with PSO Coated v2 300% Matte PSO_Coated_v2_300_Matte_ Fogra 49L.txt
ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc target, and then laminate (ECI). For color sep. laminate_eci.icc
laminated with avec matte OPP film and proofs only. For color sep. and proofs only.

Offset papers types 1 & 2 PSO Coated NPscreen PSO_Coated_NPscreen_ISO Fogra43L.txt

Better than ISOcoated_v2 for typical ISO12647 (ECI) 12647_eci.icc K: Curve F
20 µm stochastic screenings PSO Coated 300% NPscreen PSO_Coated_300_NPscreen_ CMY: Curve F
ISO12647 (ECI) ISO12647_eci.icc

Offset papers type 3 PSO LWC Improved (ECI) PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc Fogra45L.txt

Light weight coated papers K: Curve C
Typ. 150 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve B
Offset papers type 3 PSO LWC Standard (ECI) PSO_LWC_Standard_eci.icc Fogra46L.txt
same but for slightly yellowish K: Curve C
Light weight coated papers CMY: Curve B
Offset papers type 4 PSO Uncoated ISO12647 (ECI) PSO_Uncoated_ISO12647_ Fogra47L.txt
(uncoated white papers) eci.icc K: Curve D
Typ. 135 dpi CMY: Curve C
Offset papers type 4 PSO Uncoated NPscreen PSO_Uncoated_NPscreen_ Fogra44L.txt
Better for typical 30 µm stochastic ISO12647 (ECI) ISO12647_eci.icc K: Curve F
screenings than above profile CMY: Curve F
Offset papers type 5 ISO Uncoated Yellowish ISOuncoatedyellowish.icc Fogra30L.txt
Yellowish uncoated recycled papers K: Curve D
Typ. 150 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve C
Offset papers SC SC Paper (ECI) SC_paper_eci.icc Fogra40L.txt
Super Calendered Papers K: Curve C
Typ. 150 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve B
Offset papers MFC PSO MFC Paper (ECI) PSO_MFC_paper_eci.icc Fogra41L.txt
Machine finished coated Papers K: Curve C
Typ. 150 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve B
Continuous offset on papers type 2. ISO Continuous Formes Coated ISOcofcoated.icc Fogra 31L.txt
AM screening typ. 150. K: Curve D
CMY: curve C
Continuous offset on papers type 4. ISO Continuous Formes ISOcofcoated.icc Fogra 32L.txt
AM screening typ. 135. Uncoated K: Curve E
CMY: Curve D
Heatset web printing PSO SNP Paper (ECI) PSO_SNP_paper_eci.icc Fogra42L.txt
on Standard News Paper K: Curve D
Typ. 100 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve C
Heatset web printing PSO_INP_paper_eci.icc Fogra 48L.txt
PSO INP Paper (ECI)
on Improved News Paper K: Curve D
Typ. 100 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve C

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 12647-2 Internal name of the File name of the Characterization
standard offset printing CMYK ICC ISO profile CMYK ICC ISO profile data and
configuration TVI curves

GRACoL interpretation of ISO 12647-2. GRACoL2006_Coated1v2 GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc GRACoL2006_

Offset papers types 1 & 2. Matte or Coated1.txt
glossy paper typ. 115 g/m² Poorly derived
AM screenings from FOGRA39.
NPDC* curves
SWOP interpretation of ISO 12647-2. SWOP2006_
SWOP2006_Coated3v2 SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc
Web offset on thin coated paper Coated3.txt
Poorly derived
from Adobe
USWebCoated v2
NPDC* curves
Other SWOP interpretation of SWOP2006_
SWOP2006_Coated5v2 SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc
ISO 12647-2. Coated3.txt
Web offset on thin coated paper Poorly derived
from Adobe
USWebCoated v2
NPDC* curves

(*) NPDC for Neutral Print Density Curves

ISO specified standard paper types for offset printing:

 Standard papers types 1 and 2: Coated gloss and coated matte papers above 70 g/m2.
 Papers type 3: LWC (Light Weight Coated paper)
 Papers type 4: Uncoated white
 Papers type 5: Uncoated yellowish (recycled)
 SC papers: Super Calendered 45-60 g/m²
 MFC papers: Machine Finished Coating 48-80 g/m²
 SNP papers: Standard News Print (standard news paper for heatset web offset 40-52 g/m²)
 MF papers: Machine Finished (uncoated), 48-80 g/m²
 INP papers: Improved News Print (uncoated)

2-2) ISO 12647-3: 2005 CMYK ICC profile for coldset web offset press:

12647-3 Internal name of File name of Characterization

standard offset printing CMYK ICC ISO profile CMYK ICC ISO profile data and
configuration print curve

Coldest web printing ISO Newspaper 26 ISOnewspaper26v4.icc IFRA26.txt

on Standard News Paper K: Curve E
Typ. 100 dpi periodic screenings CMY: Curve E

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

2-3) ISO 12647-4 CMYK ICC profiles for CMYK Publishing gravure printing:

12647-4 Internal name of File name of Characterization

standard gravure printing CMYK ICC ISO profile CMYK ICC ISO profile data
configuration
Gravure LWC typ. 51 g/m² PSR LWC PSRgravureLWC.icc PSRgravureLWC_ECI2002.txt
Obsolete, replaced by:
Gravure LWC typ. 51 g/m² PSR LWC Standard (ECI) PSR_LWC_STD_V2_PT.icc ECI_PSR_LWC_STD_V2.txt or
Coated paper ECI_PSR_LWC_STD_V2_L.txt
Gravure HWC typ. 70 g/m² PSR HWC PSRgravureHWC.icc PSRgravureHWC_ECI2002.txt
Obsolete, replaced by:
Gravure LWC typ. 51 g/m² PSR LWC Improved (ECI) PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc ECI_PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2.txt or
Gloss coated paper ECI_PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2_L.txt
Gravure SC typ. 52 g/m² PSR SC PSRgravureSC.icc PSRgravureSC_ECI2002.txt
Obsolete, replaced by:

Gravure SC paper PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT.icc ECI_PSR_SC_STD_V2.txt or

typ. 52 g/m² ECI_PSR_SC_STD_V2_L.txt

Gravure SC Plus paper PSR_SC_PLUS_V2_PT PSR_SC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc ECI_PSR_SC_PLUS.txt or

ECI_PSR_SC_PLUS_L.txt
Gravure MF or INP PSR MF PSRgravureMF.icc PSRgravureMF_ECI2002.txt or
papers typ. 55 g/m² PSRgravureMF_ISO12642.txt

“Standard” paper types according to ISO for gravure Publishing:

 LWC Papers: Light Weight Coated

 HWC paper (High Weight Coated) or “Improved LWC”:
 SC: Super Calendered Papers
 MF papers: Machine Finished uncoated
According to ECI, surfacing optimization of SC-A papers and cylinders engraving optimization allowed a 20% color gamut
enhancement (Hence the replacement of PSR SC ICC profile with PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT).

2-4) ISO 12647-6 CMYK ICC profiles for CMYK flexographic printing:

12647-6 Internal name of the File name of the Characterization

standard flexographic printing CMYK ICC ISO profile CMYK ICC ISO profile data and
configuration TVI curves

Corrugated board No standard ICC profile can No standard ICC profile can Only media, solid and
reasonably be specified. reasonably be specified. superimposed primary
colors, TVI curves, and
tolerances are specified.
Coated paper No standard ICC profile can No standard ICC profile can Only media, solid and
reasonably be specified. reasonably be specified. superimposed primary
colors, TVI curves, and
tolerances are specified.

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

 Uncoated paper Only media, solid and
No standard ICC profile can No standard ICC profile can
superimposed primary
reasonably be specified. reasonably be specified.
colors, TVI curves, and
tolerances are specified.

Film or foil No standard ICC profile can No standard ICC profile can Only media, solid and
reasonably be specified. reasonably be specified. superimposed primary
colors, TVI curves, and
tolerances are specified.

2-5) ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 target colors:

C.I.E. Lab D50 2° colors to be matched are contained in the generic ISO CMYK profiles and their original Fogra or ECI
press characterization files. Each ISO ICC profile thus gives (by CMYK to Lab conversion using absolute RI), the Lab D50
colors of any CMYK screened tone, among which the primary and secondary solid colors. For example:

ISO 12647-2 configuration C 100% M 100% Y 100% K 100% M + Y 100% C + Y 100% C + M 100%
ISOcoated_V2 (ECI) L = 55 L = 48 L = 89 L = 16 L = 47 L = 50 L = 24
Fogra 39L a = -37 a = 74 a = -5 a=0 a = 68 a = -65 a = 22
b = -50 b = -3 b = 93 b=0 b = 48 b = 27 b = -46
PSO Uncoated ISO12647 (ECI) L = 60 L = 56 L = 89 L = 31 L = 54 L = 54 L = 38
Fogra 47L a = -26 a = 61 a = -4 a=1 a = 55 a = -44 a=8
b = -44 b = -1 b = 78 b=1 b = 26 b = 14 b = -31

As no standard CMYK ICC profile can be published for Flexographic printing, you should refer to the published
ISO 12647-6:2006 standard for knowing your target colors.

As a solution, you can freely download the Colorsource CMYK_100% application that is designed for computing
on-press the optimal CMYK inks densities and/or their optimal pigment concentration: This application can display all
target colors of all the up to date ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 and G7/IDEAlliance standards.

2-6) ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 target TVI curves (Tonal Value Increase curves):
2-6-1) Target TVI curves of ISO12647-2 and 3 for offset printing:

Above mentioned A, B, C, D, E, and F TVI curves for offset, are specified by ISO 12647-2: 2004. Their respective dot gains
at 40% are 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28%. For knowing their full specifications, you can freely download the Colorsource
CMYK_Gravure application that is designed for computing the CMYK printing formes engraving curves. This application
can display all ISO12647-2-3-4-6 target TVI curves values.

ISO 12647-2 specifies a set of standard tonal curves named A, B, C, D, E, and F. Generally, three identical arbitrary TVI
curves are used for C, M and Y layers, and a higher dot gain curve is used for black, except for stochastic screenings
where four identical target TVI curves are used.

These A to F curves are not contained in the published generic ISO CMYK profiles, or in the published press
characterization measurement files, which only contain D50 2° colorimetric data.

Of course, matching your press to some ISO standard requires using appropriate densities for matching the solid target
colors AND matching the appropriate target TVI curves. For example:

 Curve A is the generic ISOcoated_V2 print curve for C, M and Y layers,

 Curve B is generic ISOcoated_V2 print for K layer (First laid color).

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

 18

16

14

12

10
A: 13%
B: 16%
8

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

2-6-2) Target TVI curves of G7/IDEAlliance standards for offset printing:

IDEAlliance have promoted in United States three CMYK ICC press profiles, made by the Experts of GRACoL (General
Requirements for Applications in Commercial Offset Lithography) and SWOP (Standard Web Offset Printing) US
organizations.

These CMYK profiles for offset are: GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc, SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc, and SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc:

GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc is the US equivalent for "ISOcoated_v2": Thick matte or glossy coated paper,

SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc is the US equivalent for "PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc": White thin coated paper,

SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc is the US equivalent for "PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc": White thin coated paper, with a
slightly different paper tint from SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc.

However, the US Experts apparently look mainly concerned about keeping their expertise Market, with such a strange
implementation of ISO12647-2 standards!

Maybe they have been afraid that good quality and productivity allowed by simple methods would somewhat drop a
shadow on their "Black Art" empirical and ancient methods.

Because the technical documents IDEAlliance publish on their web site show the press setting methods they are
promoting are rather irrational and with rather poor conception. These methods are also quite uselessly complex to
implement if you follow the press setting methods they suggest!

Obviously, the average US Print House will have little chance to set properly their printing presses without asking for an
Expert ;-). A brief critical review of the official documents published by IDEAlliance is offered at paragraph 7 of this
document and specifies the limited using conditions of these ICC profiles.

Even if quite satisfied by the European implementation of ISO12647-2, that provides excellent results with easy and fast
offset test print runs, and for purely (bad?) "Marketing" reasons, Colorsource have updated their free
CMYK_Print_and_Proof quality control application, and their dedicated CMYK press-setting applications, in order to
include not only the ISO12647-2 European targets, but also the US G7/IDEAlliance (GRACoL and SWOP) targets.

For knowing the full specifications of the "NPDC" target TVI curves you should use for matching G7/IDEAlliance
standards, you can freely download the Colorsource CMYK_Gravure application that is designed for computing the
CMYK printing formes engraving curves. This application can display all ISO12647-2-3-4-6 and G7/IDEAlliance target TVI
curves values.

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 2-6-3) Target TVI curves of ISO12647-4 for gravure printing:

Dot gain at 40%: 17% according to ISO standard 12647-4: 2005 for gravure between 150 and 200 dpi. See the ISO
standard 12647-4: 2005. For knowing their full specifications, you can freely download the Colorsource CMYK_Gravure
application that is designed for computing the CMYK printing formes engraving curves. This application can display all
ISO12647-2-3-4-6 target TVI curves values.

Note that in the field, gravure drums Producers are using many (too many!) different gravure curves, probably because
historically they received many kind of empirical CMYK color separations, and in all cases they had to supply drums that
could print them properly. So that sometimes the only "not too expensive" solution is to apply the gravure correction
curves not to the printing formes (the drums) but to the CMYK file upstream the drums.

2-6-3) Target TVI curves of ISO12647-6 for flexographic printing:

For knowing their full specifications, you can freely download the Colorsource CMYK_Gravure application that is
designed for computing the CMYK printing formes engraving curves. This application can display all ISO12647-2-3-4-6
target TVI curves values.

3) Why do “standard” ISO profiles change?

ISO 12647 standards specify for each of mainstream commercial CMYK Publishing print configurations, an average state
of the art chromatic response which any Print House can match by proper use of its existing production tools.

It is indeed only possible to standardize a limited number of print technologies, on a very limited number of print
medias and with a limited number of inks and screenings.

An ISO12647-x profile is not a real press profile with known inks and paper, but an average generic profile
representative of the color gamut of an average printing configuration in large Print Houses who care about controlling
and optimizing their industrial processes.

3-1) Good reasons justifying ISO standards evolutions:

In above conditions, most of ISO 12647-x standards evolutions are justified by good reasons:

 By need of more simplicity: Too many standards kill standards,

 By better knowledge of the Market average press real chromatic response, allowing submitting a more
representative average ICC profile. E.g. in 2007, this led to drop the ISOcoated profile for the new ISOcoated_v2
profile,

 By growing market share of some papers: Any paper type taking a significant market share becomes a de facto
standard and can be taken into account which leads to more profiles, such as MFC and SC papers profiles,

 By progresses of paper manufacturing: For example, the ISOwebcoated profile held a paper with exaggerated
yellow cast when compared with modern thin coated papers. Recent test prints for establishing a more
representative ICC profile led to two distinct generic CMYK ISO profiles with two different paper tints, for
replacing the initial ISOwebcoated generic profile.

In the same way, using higher quality SC papers (SC-A: smoother surface allowing better ink transfer) and
better-adapted drums gravure allowed a significant increase of color gamut for gravure printing on SC paper.

 For more accurately taking in account screening influence on the overall chromatic response:

For example using stochastic screening induces very high optical dot gains. Under these conditions the
necessary print curves for matching the apparent 150 dpi classic screen dot gains can lead to banding problems
on vignettes, depending on the PostScript RIP being used.

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 However, even if this banding problem is avoided, matching individual C, M, Y, and K ISO target colors not
allows always matching all CMYK ISO target colors.

These problems were thus taken into account by publishing supplementary generic ISO CMYK profiles
characterizing offset printing on coated and uncoated papers with stochastic screenings. These ICC profiles set
much higher press target dot gains (curve F bellow in this document), in order to avoid any banding problem.

3-2) More questionable evolutions of ISO 12647 standards:

ISO 12647 standards changes are not awkward insofar as matching any arbitrary CMYK standard or their replacement
requires the same tools and expertise, and is an excellent exercise for controlling and optimizing the Print House
industrial processes.

ISO 12647 standards multiplication and their frequent evolution however aggravate the persistent problem of their
good knowledge and correct use by many Graphic Industries actors, including prepress, advertizing agencies, and Print
buyers.

More questionable, some recent ISO 12647 evolutions seem to be intended to revamp erroneous technical choices
resulting from bad knowledge and bad use of color science by some Market Suppliers.

This is a well-known danger of any standardization process: For example Europe has long protected some carrots or
bananas origins by instituting very strict criteria about their size and their shape, when it should be well known that size
is not the most important. Too many standards are diverted from their initial goal, with the detriment of real quality,
diversity, and prices.

It is thus necessary to keep vigilant so that ISO 12647-x standards continue to serve the real interests of Graphic Arts
community. We will return there while detailing evolutions of Color Proofing standards that are technically irrelevant,
and far away from the initial goals expressed by ECI in their founding Whitepaper: See on this issue pages
1 to 7 of ECI Whitepaper at following link:
http://www.eci.org/lib/exe/fetch.php?id=en%3Adownloads&cache=cache&media=downloads:eci_general_downloads:eci_whitepaper_1_1_eng.pdf

However, let us learn how to use ISO 12647-x and G7/IDEAlliance standards as they stand today!

4) How to use ISO 12647 standards at prepress stage:

4-1) ISO CMYK ICC profile to be used for color separations:
Obviously, if a specific ISO 12647 printing configuration is envisaged for a print run, the best color separation profile to
be used for optimizing the esthetic reproduction choices at prepress stage is a color separation profile computed from
the text measurement file characterizing the considered printing configuration (See tables pages 6-10 for offset and
gravure printing).

If possible, for optimizing the color separations quality, it is suitable editing the ISO CMYK ICC profile in order to take in
account during repro work the real paper tint, rather than the generic ISO paper tint.

If you cannot compute yourself a CMYK ICC profile, you can use one of the relevant generic profiles available free of
charge on the ECI website, but these profiles are not flaw-free (See paragraph 4-3 on pages 15-16). This however allows
all small design studios that calibrate their RGB monitors with a few hundred dollars probe to enhance significantly
their repro work quality.

If you do not know at prepress stage which of ISO CMYK printing configuration will be used, ECI give recommendations
about the default ISO profile you should use at Repro stage for later easing the Print House job:

- For offset printing if paper type and screening are not known: ISO Coated v2 300% (ECI)
- If thin coated paper is envisaged but its tint is unknown: PSO LWC Improved (ECI)
- For gravure printing if paper is unknown: PSR LWC Standard (ECI)

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In above cases, the Print House will simulate your proof colors on their printing press, by properly using ICC profiles on
their workflow software upstream their printing formes engraving system. It makes it possible for example to change a
color separation intended for offset on coated paper into a gravure color separation for LWC paper, while ensuring
close apparent colors, and vice-versa.

For flexographic printing, no CMYK profile is available for optimizing the color separation and proofing steps, unless the
Print House have duly characterized his flexographic printing press after he has set it to the relevant ISO12347-6
standard.

More generally using ICC profiles on their workflow allows Print Houses changing non suited color separations into new
color separations tailored to the final print run configuration, if necessary by compressing the density and color gamut
while preserving as well as possible the color appearance:

 If the proof and press color gamut are not too far away, you can get visually excellent results without needing
to remake all repro work,

 But making coated paper color separations for a final print run on news print, does not allow qualified Repro
Operators making the best reproduction aesthetic choices for each original: In this case simulating the proof by
the press without selective and qualified human intervention leads to poor results i.e. “good color copy
quality” vs. “High end repro quality by a qualified color specialist”.

Qualified Color retouching Operators do not care about the offset or gravure press target dot gains: The press ICC
profile allows them optimizing their aesthetic choices (light dynamic compression, nonprintable colors etc.) by
visualizing their images on a calibrated monitor as they will print. Their work is mainly an artistic work.

From this point of view, we see that with modern workflows where all traditional or digital press will have to simulate
the Customer’s visually accepted good or bad proof, standardizing presses dot gains is not inevitably a good idea: Digital
presses apparent dot gains depend on each PostScript RIP being used, which does not cause any problem for good
repro work and print run. Standardizing the presses TVI curves is just one of the many ways allowing matching some
arbitrary generic CMYK chromatic response such as specified by ISO 12647-x or G7/IDEAlliance standards.

4-2) ISO CMYK ICC profile to be used as source profile for color proofing:
Generic free of charge CMYK ISO profiles are good in their “CMYK to Lab” direction when used in absolute mode as
source profiles for monitor or paper color proofing, since this “CMYK to Lab” direction is the interpolated measurement
file established for computing this profile.

However, pay attention to the file ink coverage (Lab to CMYK profile directions): A good proof on monitor or paper does
not ensure the CMYK separations are printable.

According to “ECI'S Whitepaper”, ECI look for color proofing methods based preferably on using standard ICC profiles,
which should be “almost exclusively” based on measurement methods and with “practically” no manual correction.

For quality sake, I think it would be highly desirable that ECI would only admit color-proofing methods based exclusively
on standard ICC profiles, exclusively on measurement methods and without any manual correction.
Indeed, a digital proofing system, which does not produce good proofs by using standard ICC profiles properly, carried
out by using good software, is a proofing system that does not work. The failure of fast and automatic color calibration
methods for producing good proofs is always the tree that hides the forest:

Any manual correction of a faulty color calibration introduces a large variety of results depending on the intervening
“Expert” and his mood of the day. I no longer count print runs which had to be trashed because of manual corrections
by “experts” on failing color proofing systems and/or color calibration software.

There is only one valid reason for manually modifying a proof color calibration: If the spectrophotometer does not
“see” C.I.E. Lab D50 2° colors as we do, for example when measuring test charts printed on textile or enameled china,

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which particular surfaces require great measurement precautions, and would often require using dedicated
instruments. In this case, you can modify the test chart colors wrongly seen by the spectrophotometer, by visual
comparison between these bad measurements displayed on a calibrated monitor and the measured test chart properly
enlightened. You then compute the ICC profile from the measurement file that has been visually corrected by using
valid visual comparison conditions.

But for limited color printing applications such as envisaged by ISO 12647-x, the test charts are always printed on
opaque and slightly textured medias, so that any decent spectrophotometer with 45/0° geometry “sees” colors better
than we do, and so that there is no good reason why we would modify its measurements.

If possible, for improving the color proofs quality, it is suitable to edit the proofing system source CMYK ISO profile in
order to take into account the real paper tint, rather than the generic ISO paper tint.

4-3) Important notes about free downloadable generic CMYK ISO profiles:
Because of the non-standardization of CMYK ISO inks reflectance curves, the characterization measurement files
published by Fogra, and thus generic CMYK ICC ISO profiles computed from these measurements, unfortunately only
contain the average apparent colors of measured test charts, in C.I.E. XYZ and in C.I.E. Lab co-ordinates (D50 2°), and
not the average reflectance curves of screened CMYK tones and paper.

Fogra files thus do not contain the solid ink densities, neither the final dot gain curves to be matched during the print
run, nor the appearance effects induced by the inks and papers.

The measurement files are available in form of FOGRAxxS.txt (for Small) FOGRAxx.txt and FOGRAxxL.txt (for Large):

 The “xxS” version is the measurement file of a CMYK IT-8 7.3 ANSI test chart with 928 patches (American
National Standards Institute chart later standardized by ISO),

 The “xx” version is a 1485 patches CMYK ECI2002 ECI test chart (European Color Initiative chart, later
standardized by ISO),

 The "xxL" version (e.g. FOGRA 39L) is a larger 1617 patches test chart.
For offset printing, measuring too many patches is useless. Better is worth making an average measurement files of
many smaller non-standard CMYK charts, so as to take into account the press fluctuations and the inherent
imperfections of inks keys adjustments, which always need compromising in real life.

Note that you can always compute your own ISO CMYK profiles from the Fogra or ECI or G7/IDEAlliance published
characterization measurement files, for optimizing the ink preferences of “Lab to CMYK” conversion tables, and for
using the best gamut mapping algorithms, for getting much better color separations at Repro stage.

The generic published ISO profiles are not very good in “Lab to CMYK” directions when used for color separations at
prepress stage.

For technical reasons, the ideal would always be to carry out oneself the real ISO matched press ICC profile with real
inks and paper, by using average spectral measurements of printed test charts, because Fogra data are generic
colorimetric data, which cannot account for all appearance effects intervening in color perception. However, using
generic data for standard commercial work is still a great progress if the ICC profiles are properly computed.

The ISOcoated_v2 profile is provided by the ECI in two generic forms:

 ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc with 330% maximum ink coverage,

 And ISOcoated_v2_300_eci.icc with 300% maximum ink coverage.

These profiles are identical in “CMYK to Lab” directions, but, as shown bellow, very bad when used for color separations
with “Saturation” rendering intent:

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 Original Image

CMYK ISO Coated_v2 with saturation rendering CMYK ISO Coated_v2 with saturation rendering
intent with generic ECI profile. intent computed with Eye-One Share software.

5) Color and density measurement conditions for matching ISO12647-x:

5-1) Important note about recent spectrophotometers complying with ISO13655:2009
measurement standards:
Spectral, color and density measurement standards have evolved. For summarizing hereafter, FOUR different
measurement conditions have been normalized by ISO13655:2009 (Spectral measurement and colors computing in
Graphic Arts).

M0 measurement conditions: The measured colors are computed as C.I.E. L*a*b* D50 2°, and the
spectrophotometer internal light source for reflection measurements matches incandescence (A Illuminant)
without UV filter.

M1 measurement conditions: The measured colors are computed as C.I.E. L*a*b* D50 2°, and the
spectrophotometer internal light source for reflection measurements matches daylight (approx. D50
Illuminant) without UV filter.

M2 measurement conditions: The measured colors are computed as C.I.E. L*a*b* D50 2°, and the
spectrophotometer internal light source for reflection measurements contains no UV.
M3 measurement conditions: Only for density measurements: The spectrophotometer internal light source
for reflection measurements matches incandescence (A Illuminant) and is filtered by a polarizing filter.

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The spectrophotometer should use 45/0° geometry and not 0/45°.

For any ISO12647-2-3-4-6 press-setting, you should use your spectrometer in M0 measurement conditions with white
background (self-backing), because all published ISO12347-2-3-4-6 and G7/IDEAlliance standards specify measured
target colors measured in M0 conditions and with self-backing (SB).

The advantage of measuring with self-backing is that the reference D50 Lab values you get do not depend on your
paper thickness or opacity, as long as you use a few superimposed white sheets for backing. Please note a few
pressroom scanning spectrophotometers are using black-backing measurement, so that the Lab values you measure
on your print largely depend on your paper thickness and opacity. In this case, you have to adjust your solid colors
using measurement with self-backing and the standard target ISO12647 Lab reference colors, and the measure your
colors with you instrument using black-backing in order to establish the black-backing reference Lab colors for each
paper!

Using M3 measurement conditions on your press for density measurements is allowed, but does not bring any
advantage because ISO12347-2-3-4-6 and G7/IDEAlliance standards do not specify any density to be matched: The
appropriate CMYK solid ink densities are the ones that allow you matching your ISO target solid colors with minimal
possible visual distance. So that the density measurement conditions have no importance, as long as you do not
change and confuse them.

5-2) Color and density measurement conditions:

The spectrophotometer must measure the spectral reflectances without UV or polarizing filter and an "A" spectrum
internal light source (M0 conditions). Colors and densities are computed from measured spectral reflection curves.
All measurements must be carried out in “Self-Backing” mode.

Color Measurement: Colors are expressed with C.I.E. Lab D50 2° in conformity with ICC profiles connection space
specifications, and with M0 measurement conditions. Moreover, using a UV filter does not allow measuring the real
spectral reflectance of papers containing optical brighteners, which prevents the best possible operation of
sophisticated color calibration software.
Note that for demanding applications, it can be necessary to use for computing the D50 Lab co-ordinates, not the ideal
C.I.E. D50 spectral values but the measured spectral values of the real D50 light booth being used, even if it does match
ISO 3664:2009 viewing conditions standards, in order to avoid strong metamerism effects with ink-jet proofs.
However, the press ISO ICC profiles being based only on colorimetric data, this action has a limited effectiveness as long
as you do not compute yourself the press ICC profile from spectral data.

Densitometry: Densities are measured with DIN RGB spectral response (named “Status E” on original X-Rite products).
Of course, it is possible using different spectral responses as long as you do not confuse apples and pears, because the
good reference density is the one that produces the good target Lab color. However, please note changing the spectral
response have quite measurable effects on the computed gradation curves, and the ISO12647-2-3-4-6 target TVI curves
have been computed using the DIN (Status E) spectral response.

Using a polarizing filter would penalize color measurements accuracy by darkening (S/N ratio) and can bias these
measurements. A polarizing filter would however bring a better sensitivity for density measurements on fresh offset
inks, but this advantage would only be sensitive for very high densities, when ISO standards only induce reasonable ink
thicknesses that any Print House can easily reach.

It is thus logical to proscribe using any light source filter on spectrophotometers, which does not prevent using the
existing polarized densitometers (M3 measurement conditions) for setting offset presses to ISO standards: Indeed,
when you have determined by using a non-filtered spectrophotometer the solid inks densities producing your relevant
ISO 12647 target Lab colors, you can record the density measured with a polarized densitometer. You then get two
reference densities for each primary ink: The paper relative densities with and without polarizing filter.

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5-3) The X-Rite so called "XRGA" color measurement standard:
An important supplier has decided to solve his own marketing problems by inventing his own color measurement
standard: The launch in August 2010 of a private and undocumented color measurement standard jeopardizing Graphic
Industries color quality is showing once again that Graphic Industries and their professional trade organizations are not
able mastering their Suppliers and preventing them doing stupid things.

The consequence is that today you have to be very careful when specifying D50 Lab reference colors for CMYK or for
spot colors printing. In ANY other Industry than graphic industries, the technical awareness of Customers, End users and
their trade organizations would have immediately forbidden a supplier distorting the specifications of an established
measurement unit!

This deserve following explanations: The base problem was that when measuring D50 Lab colors, some delta E was
found whether measuring with GretagMacbeth or with X-Rite spectrophotometers. This imperfect inter-manufacturers
agreement was due to GretagMacbeth measuring reflectances using normalized 45/0° geometry from 380 to 730 nm
by 10 nm steps, and X-Rite using non-normalized 0/45° geometry from 400 to 700 nm by 20 nm steps.

On this issue let us remind that, of course, all ISO12647 and IDEAlliance reference colors have been established using
the normalized 45/0° geometry of SpectroEye spectrophotometers. And of course the Eye-One Pro gives identical
measurements.

X-Rite marketing problem was that, with their usual subtlety, they had explained American Printers for years that X-Rite
spectrophotometers were excellent and the GretagMacbeth ones were terribly bad! May be American Printers have
not quite a good or well informed judgment. Many of them actually believed there were weapons of massive
destruction in Iraq.

So that X-Rite put themselves in a very bad situation on their own domestic market after they bought GretagMacbeth:

- On the color management market, nearly all X-Rite hardware and software products had to be replaced by the
much better equipments of GretagMacbeth origin,

- On the press-room market, the X-Rite spectrophotometers DTP5xx series were completely obsolete as well:
On Publishing markets they were unable to compute the optimal printing densities for ISO12647-x or IDEAlliance
press settings, and on packaging markets they were unable to measure a simple blue or violet % step chart!

So that obviously the DTP5xx series should have been discontinued as well, and replaced by the much better
GretagMacbeth SpectroEye. But after years and years of denigrating their Competitors, X-Rite did not dare explaining
their American customers that SpectroEye was in the end a much better production tool with a much better software.
And American printers buying the SpectroEye could not understand the Delta E's with their existing DTP5xx spectros.

So that X-Rite invented the following market trick:

- Modify by software the spectral reflectances measured by X-Rite origin equipments,

- Modify by software the spectral reflectances measured by GretagMacbeth origin equipments, in order to try
harmonizing their Lab measurements with the bad X-Rite values,
- Explain the Market that their new private and undocumented "XRGA" standard (where they create de facto a
new unknown Lab system!) is a BIG progress!

The immediate result is that a same 100% cyan ink measured in same conditions (M0 with self-backing) can have today
FOUR different Lab D50 values:

- Original GretagMacbeth measurement from SpectroEye or Eye-One Pro without tricking the measured spectral
reflectance (Produces normalized ISO12647-x or IDEAlliance 45/0° D50 Lab values),
- Original GretagMacbeth measurement from SpectroEye or Eye-One Pro WITH tricking the measured spectral
reflectance for producing "XRGA Lab" (Non normalized and undocumented values),

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 - Original X-Rite measurement from DTP5xx without tricking the measured spectral reflectance, (Non normalized
values),
- Original X-Rite measurement from DTP5xx WITH tricking the measured spectral reflectance for producing "XRGA
Lab" (Non normalized and undocumented values),
So that we consider X-Rite created a big technical mess on the color quality Market since August 2010: They did not
hesitate jeopardizing their Customers businesses for solving their own internal marketing problems that they had
created by themselves on their local domestic American market.

The worst in this affair is not this X-Rite initiative, but the fact that Graphic Industries professional and color quality
organizations apparently did not even notice the problem. Graphic Industries are not suffering so much the competition
of the new electronic media: They are suffering of their own persistent problems of non-industrial approaches.

Of course many Colorsource Customers immediately saw the big problem and refused wasting money for upgrading
their SpectroEye(s), inks formulation and in color quality software to XRGA and then get marginal undocumented Lab
measurements, when their existing color measurements standards had worked perfectly well since so many years.

Some of our Customers were forced to make very expensive upgrades to XRGA when X-Rite managed convincing some
perfectly incompetent print buyers that XRGA was a progress! Probably the same kind of print buyers who use the so-
called "ISO12647-x color certifications" of their suppliers as an umbrella, but are not able controlling the quality of what
they buy. "We have been screwed by X-Rite" are our Customers own words about these forced updates.

For your information you will find the X-Rite announcement of "XRGA standard" by email dated August 2010 in Appendix 2.

6) Choosing CMYK inks for matching ISO 12647 standards:

6-1) Using CMYK inks not complying ISO standards:
Let us stress it is possible to match ISO 12647 standards with non-standard inks, as long as they allow a better (or near
enough) color gamut: It is what we do when simulating CMYK ISOcoated_v2 colors on a digital printer for producing a
color proof, or on a digital press for producing a longer print run that simulates a CMYK offset press.

In this last case, we deliberately shrink the digital press color gamut to the smaller offset press color gamut, which is a
pity, and shows the limits of any standardization process, which necessarily downgrades the performances to an
average level.

Some large Print Houses use large color gamut CMYK inks in order to simulate ISO or larger color gamut, depending on
their Customer’s needs:

 Some Graphic Industries Clients need a standard average quality, in order to standardize their colors
worldwide at many Print Houses with locally available inks, papers, and repro and print technologies,

 Other Clients not having these constraints prefer to get an optimal performance at a single Print House,
and do get a better quality by using the whole press color gamut.

This trend will grow with digital presses soaring applications and market share: Many digital presses offer a much better
than ISO CMYK color gamut, and using these digital presses for simulating ISO 12647 colors is like using an offset or
gravure press with seven colors… for simulating the poor greens, blues, violet and oranges of standard CMYK
publishing.

6-2) Using ISO 2846-x complying CMYK inks:

When producing CMYK inks complying ISO 2846-x, their manufacturers cannot guarantee fixed spectral reflectance
curves, but only a D50 2° C.I.E. Lab color for a reasonable ink thickness, because of the large manufactured quantities
and the availability and price fluctuations of raw materials.

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A Cyan ink is not a special tint such as a “Pantone Coated”, which formulation, if done properly, guarantees a specified
spectral reflectance and not a simple D50 2° apparent color. However, “same C.I.E. Lab D50 colors” not meaning “same
densities”, ISO 12647-x or IDEAlliance TVI curves and solid ink densities CAN ONLY BE INDICATIVE VALUES.

In practice with an ISO complying ink, you seek for each C, M, Y, and K ink, the solid density (100% thickness and/or
pigment concentration) allowing you to match the C.I.E. Lab D50 2° target color published by ISO 12647-x or
IDEAlliance according to each standardized print configuration.

If, with a press in good condition, no solid ink density allows you matching the ISO specified C.I.E. Lab color within the
ISO ΔE tolerances, it means the ink you are using does not meet ISO 12647 standards, or that sometimes your paper is
the problem, or that your press needs to be washed or maintained.

7) Density based method for matching ISO12647-x standards:

7-1) Colorsource free and universal CMYK test print:
This 100 x 70 cm CMYK test print can be cropped down to a 70 x 50 cm, or to a 50 x 35 cm test forme:

The base 50 x 35 cm test forme includes all the CMYK test charts you need for matching easily ISO12647-2-3-4-5-6
CMYK print standards or for setting up your own new CMYK print standards:

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

Download link for Colorsource universal CMYK test print:
http://www.iso12647solution.com/Colorsource_universal_CMYK_print_test_formes.htm

7-2) Using the CMYK test print:

Of course you first need checking or updating your printing form production tool. For example when offset printing you
can produce the Colorsource test print black plate only , that offers the necessary chart for calibrating your CtP device:

Setting a printing press for matching ISO standards or any other imposed CMYK chromatic response is quite fast, easy,
and cheap, as long as you are using the right tools and methods.

7-2-1) Computing each optimal CMYK solid ink density for matching ISO12647-x:

In a first step you adjust each CMYK solid ink density, by playing on the ink thickness or its concentration, in order
each ink matches the target Lab color imposed by your public or private CMYK standard:

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 21/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

This step is crucial for any traditional or digital print process, because its fixes the print process dot gains and color
gamut, that largely depend on the solid inks thicknesses and/or concentrations. A classical mistake in Graphic Industries
is to neglect this first step, although producing good prints on a press or digital printer with poorly set solid inks and
trappings, is nearly impossible. Another classical mistake consists into modifying the solid inks densities for improving
the print run gray balance, which is never necessary when your printing formes are properly tailored to your print
process characteristics.

First look for each C, M, Y, and K color the solid ink density allowing to match the ISO target C.I.E. Lab D50 color
according to your print configuration. In practice, the optimal density depends on the ink reference, on its possible
formulation changes, and depends a lot as well on your paper reference.

Colorsource have developed the necessary software tools for accurately computing the optimal print density for each
CMYK ink, and the appropriate CMYK printing forme correction curves for matching any ISO12647-2-3-4-6 or
G7/IDEAlliance specified target, by using the measured spectral characteristics of the print run specific inks and paper
on appropriate control bars.

This software is using the raw spectral data of very popular and affordable 45/0 ° spectrophotometers such as
Eye-One Pro, EFI ES-1000, or Eye-One Pro2. Other 45/0° spectrophotometers can also be used, but mentioned models
are the best ones, thanks to their fast measurements ability in scan mode and thanks to their very affordable prices.
(You do not pay for useless built-in measurement functions).

Colorsource CMYK_100% application computes the four optimal CMYK densities with one single scan measurement.
The application displays the measured inks densities and colors, their optimal print densities (and/or concentration) for
minimal visual distance to your ISO target. Minimal and maximal authorized print densities within your own ΔE
tolerance are displayed as well:
Target colors ► ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc FOGRA 39L Visual distance ► ΔE76 Density response ► DIN (Status E)
Nearest target to measured: SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc 100 100
90 Measured
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black 80
80
Optimal densities 0.60 70 Target
0.40 60
60
Tolerance zone for 5 50
0.20
ΔE76 40
30
40
0.00
-0.10 -0.23 20
-0.20 20
-0.52 -0.51 10
-0.40 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0

100

0
-0.60
0

20

40

60

80
-80

-60

-40

-20

% 100 100 100 100 Paper 100+100 100+100 100+100 75 75 75 75 % -20

DIN (Status E) relative densities:0.78 0.87 1.10 1.39 1.18 N/A N/A N/A
ΔE76: 17.4 17.7 4.2 6.4 1.9 11.4 16.2 13.6 -40
ISO Tolerances: 5 5 5 5 3 10 10 10
-60
DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 75 % dot gain: ? ? ? ?

Measured densities and ΔE: 0.78 17.4 0.87 17.7 1.10 4.2 1.39 6.4 Standard 75 % dot gain: 12% 12% 12% 13%

Optimal densities: 1.30 3.5 1.38 2.3 1.20 0.9 1.62 2.1 75 % print contrast: ? ? ? ?

Optimal concentration: 192% 184% 112% 121% Higher than 10% ink thickness or concentration error(s).
Min - Max allowed densities: 1,18 - 1,46 1,23 - 1,54 1,08 - 1,31 1,44 - 1,81 5.0 ◄ Tolerance for Min and Max allowed densities (ΔE76)
Polarizing filter bias ► 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(POL) 0.78 0.87 1.10 1.39
(POL)
(POL) 1,18 - 1,46 1,23 - 1,54 1,08 - 1,31 1,44 - 1,81

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 22/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

The application also warns you if one or more of the CMYK inks at their optimal print densities does not allow matching
the target standard within the ISO 5 ΔE76 tolerance:

Target colors ► PSO_LWC_Standard_eci.icc FOGRA 46L Visual distance ► ΔE76 Density response ► DIN (Status E)
Nearest target to measured: SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc 100 100
90 Measured
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black 80
80
Optimal densities 0.50 70 Target
0.40
60
0.30 60
Tolerance zone for 5 50
0.20
ΔE76 0.10 40
40
0.00 0.00 -0.08
30
-0.10 20
-0.20 -0.31 20
-0.30
-0.45 10
0

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-0.40

100
0
-0.50

20

40

60

80
-80

-60

-40

-20
% 100 100 100 100 Paper 100+100 100+100 100+100 75 75 75 75 % -20
DIN (Status E) relative densities: 0.78 0.87 1.10 1.39 1.08 N/A N/A N/A
ΔE76: 13.6 15.8 7.4 2.3 7.4 8.2 12.4 10.1 -40
ISO Tolerances: 5 5 5 5 3 10 10 10
-60
DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 75 % dot gain: ? ? ? ?

Measured densities and ΔE: 0.78 13.6 0.87 15.8 1.10 7.4 1.39 2.3 Standard 75 % dot gain: 13% 13% 13% 14%

Optimal densities: 1.09 7.9 1.32 2.7 1.10 7.4 1.47 0.8 75 % print contrast: ? ? ? ?

Optimal concentration: 154% 173% 100% 107% Higher than 10% ink thickness or concentration error(s).
Min - Max allowed densities: 1,09 - 1,09 1,17 - 1,47 1,1 - 1,1 1,29 - 1,66 5.0 ◄ Tolerance for Min and Max allowed densities (ΔE76)
Polarizing filter bias ► 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mind one or more inks cannot reach its target color at any density.
(POL) 0.78 0.87 1.10 1.39

For example, above situation may mean that Cyan ink does not comply with ISO 2846-x specifications (bad ink
formulation), or that you are printing on some exotic paper different from the selected LWC_Standard target (which
may be quite legitimate), or that your press Cyan inkpot is polluted and a press wash is needed.

When your four CMYK inks are set to their computed optimal densities, check the red, green and blue superimpositions
do match the according ISO colors: Checking trapping colors is quite useful when printing with wet offset technology,
where you can be OK on solid inks and be bad on their superimpositions. (E.g. in case of blanket pressure problem).

Download link of the application: http://www.iso12647solution.com/ISO12647_CMYK_density_setting_software.htm

100
Target Y
80
Measured
60

Target R
Target G 40

20
Target
paper
0
Target M
20

40

60

80
0
-80

-60

-40

-20

-20

-40
Target B
Target C
-60

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 23/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

7-2-2) Computing the CMYK printing formes correction curves for matching ISO12647-x:

Once you have set your CMYK inks to their optimal densities, you have to measure your average press dot gains in
this printing configuration, and compute a specific engraving curve for each printing forme, that will allow you
matching the CMYK TVI curves imposed by your public or private CMYK standard. This will ensure an excellent color
matching on not only your primary inks and their superimpositions, but also on all CMYK screened tones:

This method is very simple and it harmonizes all the Print House printing presses chromatic responses. Using non-ISO
complying inks fortunately does not have too much incidence on most of printed images colors, but mind the saturated
flat colors (blues etc). If possible, do use ISO compliant CMYK Inks: Almost all inks Vendors offer today one or more
ISO compliant CMYK ink sets references.

At this stage, matching the ISO 12647-x standard target TVI curves for matching CMYK screened tones colors needs a
specific correction curve be computed and then applied to each printing forme.

Determining theses engraving curves for matching the ISO or IDEAlliance ICC profiles dot gain curves is easy.

E.g., for offset with AM screening, produce “straight plates” (i.e. file x% gives x% on the plate), measure the apparent
dot gain on the print at appropriate CMYK inks thicknesses, and then compute each plate engraving curve allowing to
match the ISO CMYK ICC profile specified TVI curves.

Mind that 100% CMYK spectral reflectance curves not being standard, matching the ISO generic dot gains on a 50%
cyan does not ensure best C.I.E. Lab color matching for this 50% cyan.

Colorsource software allows computing the optimized printing formes correction curves by measuring a few good
printed copies and averaging them:
100
Target colors ► ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc FOGRA 39L …
Measured
Nearest target to measured: ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc
80
Density response ► DIN ( E ) Visual distance formula ► ΔE2000 Target
% 90 60 30 100 70 40 10 80 50 20 90 60 30 100+100 100+100 100+100 %
60
DIN ( E ) 1.26 0.60 0.26 1.41 0.80 0.43 0.11 1.02 0.56 0.19 1.28 0.68 0.31 N/A N/A N/A
1 ΔE2000 : 2.8 2.1 2.8 1.2 2.2 4.4 3.6 1.4 3.3 1.9 1.3 4.2 3.7 1.6 1.5 1.5
Your tolerances (Preferences): 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 40
% Paper 80 50 20 90 60 30 100 70 40 10 80 50 20 25 50 75 %
DIN ( E ) 0 0.96 0.46 0.17 1.21 0.67 0.31 1.38 0.84 0.42 0.10 0.99 0.51 0.20 0.24 0.51 0.88
20
2 ΔE2000 : 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.9 1.1 3.2 4.5 0.5 2.0 3.1 1.4 1.8 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 2.0
Your tolerances (Preferences): 3.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
% 100 70 40 10 80 50 20 90 60 30 100 70 40 10 % 0
0

20

40

60

80
-80

-60

-40

-20

DIN ( E ) 1.48 0.75 0.36 0.09 0.96 0.53 0.21 1.20 0.70 0.31 1.59 0.81 0.42 0.11
3 ΔE2000 : 1.2 1.9 2.4 3.0 1.3 3.7 4.3 0.9 2.7 3.3 1.0 2.6 4.2 2.8
Your tolerances (Preferences): 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -20

15 copies have been measured Cyan Magenta Yellow Black Average quality of measured prints -40
DIN ( E ) ΔE2000 DIN ( E ) ΔE2000 DIN ( E ) ΔE2000 DIN ( E ) ΔE2000 Out of tolerance patches: 16 of 47
Maximal ΔE: 4.5 ≤ 6 ΔE2000
Measured densities and ΔE of average print: 1.41 1.2 1.48 1.2 1.38 0.5 1.59 1.0 Average ΔE: 2.5 ≤ 3 ΔE2000 -60
Optimal densities and ΔE for this print run: 1.43 1.1 1.42 0.9 1.34 0.4 1.63 0.9 Paper ΔE: 2.4 ≤ 3 ΔE2000 …
Optimal concentration: 102% 95% 96% 103% …
Min - Max allowed densities within chosen tolerance: 1,28 - 1,6 1,27 - 1,61 1,05 - 1,78 1,47 - 1,82 3.0 ◄ Tolerance for Min and Max allowed densities (ΔE2000) …
Present print contrast at 75%: 38% 43% 33% 45% …

Colorsource software works as well for any N-colors printing application with or without a CMYK base, for example for
seven colors packaging printing, or for cartographic printing applications. This solution is much better and much
cheaper than the most basic CMYK densitometers! This software allows as well calibrating the offset plates, and you
can download it for a free trial test on Colorsource web site.

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 24/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

Programming these correction curves into the prepress pdf processing and screening software allows matching the ISO
CMYK target:

C C’

M M’

Y Y’

K K’
ISO CMYK Customer’s file Printing formes via appropriate correction curves

These print formes correction curves action then allow excellent, easy, and fast press settings:

No correction curve has been used for this print Target colors (Chosen in Control tab): ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc 15 copies have been measured
run. Target TVI curves (Chosen in Gravure_10% tab): STANDARD

Density of measured print run: 1.41 Density of measured print run: 1.48 Density of measured print run: 1.38 Density of measured print run: 1.59
Optimal density of measured print run: 1.43 Optimal density of measured print run: 1.42 Optimal density of measured print run: 1.34 Optimal density of measured print run: 1.63
100 100

90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90
0

100
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Gravure curve of measured ink Gravure curve of measured ink Gravure curve of measured ink Gravure curve of measured ink
Measured: Cyan Measured: Magenta Measured: Yellow Measured: Black
Target: Curve A: +13% at 40 % Target: Curve A: +13% at 40 % Target: Curve A: +13% at 40 % Target: Curve B: +16% at 40 %
New gravure curve New gravure curve New gravure curve New gravure curve
C.I.E. L*a*b* D50 2° (XYZ 1931)
Target Measured Target Measured Target Measured Target Measured Target Measured Target Measured Target Measured Target Measured
L: 54.8 55.4 47.8 46.6 88.7 88.3 15.9 16.7 94.7 95.2 46.8 45.6 49.8 48.4 23.8 23.5
a: -37.0 -35.5 74.0 76.0 -5.0 -4.1 -0.1 0.5 0.0 0.9 68.0 70.8 -65.0 -65.5 22.1 20.4
b: -50.0 -52.2 -2.9 -3.7 93.0 93.6 0.0 0.1 -2.1 -4.4 48.0 47.4 27.1 25.7 -46.1 -47.1

Download link of the application: http://www.iso12647solution.com/CMYK_Gravure_correction_curve_software.htm

Density based method accounts for main parameters affecting the press CMYK chromatic response: Print technology,
paper type, inks colors, and density curves. It is quite appropriate for standard commercial offset print works. It allows
good results, although many parameters (for example moisture, temperature, traditional or random screenings, “ISO”
paper coating dispersions etc.) cannot perfectly be accounted by these density-only adjustments.

In addition, mastering this density based press-setting method is compulsory, even if you decide to go for more
sophisticated methods that involve using ICC profiles on your prepress workflow, in order to change Customer's CMYK
PDF into press C'M'Y'K' PDF.

Because stabilizing and repeating any print process requires in a first step fixing the solid inks colors, the trapping
colors, and their TVI curves.

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 25/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

Important note:

For a long time, the references dot gain curves for offset printing were the analogue proofs optical dot gain curves.
Moreover, as for matching ISO TVI curves, matching on the press the arbitrary analogue proofs dot gain curves, would
have required specific plate correction curves.

However, the same screened films were generally used for producing the analogue proofs …and the printing plates!
Thus, the press Conductors were most of the time given unsuited plates for matching the analogue proof, which
explains their frequent skepticism with respect to any new press setting method that does not ask for some "Black Art".

This skepticism quickly fades away thanks to the immediate quality enhancement and increased press setting easiness,
provided above good methods are properly implemented and tested.

8) Matching ISO 12647 standards by associating density and color

measurement based methods: Simulating color proofs on printing presses:
8-1) Interest of this method:
Density based methods cannot take into account all variables such as ink formulations, moisture, paper coating and
surfacing, paper tints, optical brighteners and screenings.

So that simulating color proofs on printing presses is the best solution for most of traditional and digital Publishing print
works. To date it only shows technical limits for some Packaging specialties.

This method consists in making the printing press to simulate the apparent colors of Customer’s proof: For example
simulating ISOcoated_v2 proofs - or any other color space - by changing the proofed CMYK color separations into new
press-optimized C'M'Y'K' color separations.

This meets the demand of any Customer since the origin of color printing: Customers ALWAYS asks the Print House
to simulate colors of their visually accepted proofs, whether these proofs are valid or not.

When a press is simulating a proof, using ISO inks is not compulsory, as long as the inks authorize a better or
near-enough color gamut. Moreover, you can then choose the arbitrary ISO target TVI curves or not.

However, for offset printing, using CMYK ISO 2846-2 complying inks is not constraining, and allows average size
Print Houses buying from several inks Suppliers, with constant CMYK apparent colors, if they make the appropriate
solid density adjustments according to their formulation. In other words Print Houses can simulate proofs by using
ISO complying inks or not, but it can be convenient to simulate Customers proofs by using ISO inks with presses
matched to ISO standards by density based methods.

Simulating Customer’s proofs by re-computing their CMYK color separations may brings many advantages, and first
allows optimizing the print visual color appearance:

Repro House having used a generic CMYK ISO profile for their color separations have centered their neutral gray on
the ISO generic D50 paper tint, because original neutral grays must be transposed to the D50 ISO paper gray axis.

Even if the stock paper tint does meet ISO standards (Which is not simple to manage in real life, and not useful for
print quality), its paper tint is different from the generic ISO tint, and the proof neutral grays must be transposed to
the stock paper gray axis, under penalty of a large visual mismatch between proof and prints.

If the ISO CMYK color separation is not changed into a new color separation accounting for the stock paper tint, the
press Conductor can only work the C, M and Y solid ink densities to adjust the gray axis, provided he is given grays
with enough CMK base at low densities, and provided this trick does not destroy other colors!

When the press does simulates proofs, the ISO color separations are changed into new color separation accounting
for the different paper tints, which makes it much easier.

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 26/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

This example illustrates an important point about color proofing: Whether a proof simulates a printing press, or whether
a press simulates a color proof, the proof and print are not two documents with identical C.I.E. Lab colors, would this
only be for matching their neutral grays.

8-2) Principle of operation:

The following diagram illustrates a way in which a press can simulate Customer’s proofs:

In this diagram, the press is simulating Customer’s proof since received color separations are changed into new color
separations.

 Customer’s proof can be a proof matching some CMYK ISO standards or not, but it is necessary to know its ICC
profile, or at least to be able to establish this CMYK profile,

 The press can be set or not to match a CMYK ISO standard by density adjustments, but in all cases the ideal
situation is to re establish its non-generic profile,

 Color proofs simulation by presses brings many other advantages: for example a 370% ink coverage color
separation intended for thin-coated paper can be changed into a 280% separation with no change of color
appearance- or can be adapted to another printing configuration - without having to remake all repro work.

Proof Density set press C1 C’

PROOF ICC Profile C’M’Y’K’ ICC profile
C M1 M’
M
Lab
Y Y1 Y’

K
K1 K’
Customer’s file

Arbitrary print curves Press groups

As long as re computing the press color separations is required, this method also allows proper printing of Clients files
not coded in form of “CMYK ISO” pdf, but coded as C.I.E. Lab or “wide gamut RGB”, or “ISO Press RGB” pdf, which are
converted by the Print House workflow software into “Real Press CMYK”. This allows more productivity when a Client
regularly works with the same Print House, for example in Publishing Industry.

8-3) How to save CMYK inks:

The subject recently became fashionable, when excellent and inexpensive solutions are available since… more than
17 years, in form of color management tools and appropriate software allowing applying the necessary color spaces
changes to the finished document layouts:
 PostScript pages: BatchMatcher PS Software … in 1997
 Pdf pages: iQueue Software*, then most of standard Print Houses workflow software (Ex: Agfa Apogee X,
Kodak Prinergy, Heidelberg Prinect, FUJI XMF, OneVision Flow, GMC PrintNet Flow for digital printing and so
many I forget!).
(*): iQueue 140 software is no longer supported and its PostScript interpreter is obsolete.

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 27/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

The principle is very simple: a 370% ink coverage color separation intended for thin-coated paper can be changed into a
280% color sep. for thin-coated paper. This method thus makes it possible improving print quality while saving Inks.

On following diagram, the press is set to ISO by density adjustments, but ink coverage is reduced upstream by using two
identical CMYK ISO profiles:

ISO CMYK Density set press C1 C’

ICC Profile ISO CMYK ICC profile
C
M1 M’
M
Lab
Y
Y1 Y’
K

K1 K’
ISO CMYK
Customer’s file
print correction curves Press groups

Note that “CMYK ISOcoated_v2 to C.I.E. Lab” then “C.I.E. Lab to ISOcoated_v2 with less ink” conversions may slightly
“pollute” pure CMYK colors: For example, 100% Magenta can be turned into “1% C, 98% M, 0% Y, and 0% K”.
If needed, using a DeviceLink profile (computed from the source and destination CMYK profiles) can keep primary and
secondary colors pure. This “DeviceLink” profile is a standard “CMYK to CMYK” ICC file format. The only interest of this
profile type is to avoid rounding errors of usual ICC engines, but visual color matching remains OK in all cases.

Of course, the workflow software can be configured so that pure K% tones are not turned into CMYK grays.

Finally yet importantly, let us add that fine classic or stochastic screening that cause strong optical dot gains are an
excellent way of producing more density with minimal ink quantities, i.e. to save ink! A 50% geometrical 240 dpi
screened tone is denser than if using 150 dpi.

9) Visual monitoring of gray balance on ISO 12647-x prints

matching European ICC profiles:
BVDM and ECI offer PostScript and pdf control bars allowing visual detection of press CMY gray balance drifts, by
D50 visual comparison between three K30%, K50% and K70% patches and their respective C%M%Y% visual equivalents
(Valid if using according standard ISO TVI curves).

The visual C%M%Y% equivalent of any K% black only depends on the press CMYK ICC profile, and can easily be
computed using this profile. It is thus necessary, for taking benefit from this visual control method, to use a specific
control bar according to each ISO standard CMYK print configuration.

Using these control bars remains of limited use, because using fixed C%M%Y% values can only cope with the generic
ISO paper tints, and with an ideal C.I.E. D50 light source.

So that you should rather compute yourself the appropriate CMY visual control bars taking into account your own
spectral press ICC profile, and your D50 viewing booth measured light.

THE POINT ABOUT 2014 ISO 12647 STANDARDS FOR CMYK PRINT AND PROOF WORKS 28/55

COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

10) How to set a press for matching G7/IDEAlliance US interpretation of
ISO 12647-2?
10-1) Brief critical review of G7/IDEAlliance press-setting methods:
The documents IDEAlliance publish on their web site for justifying their implementation of ISO12647-2 standards and
building their three standard GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc, SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc, and SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc offset ICC
profiles, would deserve a detailed study that is not in the scope of this document trying to bring solutions to Print
Producers and Print Buyers.

The IDEAlliance documents we refer to, are "Methodology for Establishing Printing Aims Based on a Shared Near-Neutral
Gray-Scale" (October 8, 2011), "The G7 Specifications 2008" (Final Working Draft 2008/09/12) and "Calibrating, Printing and
Proofing by the G7 Method" Version 6 August 2006.

Hereafter is a brief summary of our critics:

1. IDEAlliance assume that for each CMYK press or other print device, some ideal TVI curves are existing that allow
optimizing the print set up and neutral grays reproduction.

Their great idea is that if all CMYK presses - or other print engines - are each set with correction curves allowing them to
share same neutral reproduction of CMYK neutral grays, this will help optimizing, and harmonizing color reproduction
on all print engines.

This attempt of optimizing the arbitrary TVI curves of each print processes is quite interesting. Because the arbitrary
ISO A to F TVI curves, that perfectly work when appropriate plate correction curves are used, are arbitrary and maybe
not ideal curves for all printing press models.

The problem is that according to IDEAlliance, their "ideal" correction curves were inspired by the principle of positive
film recorders density calibration. The tradition is to calibrate film recorders in order R=G=B grayscales print as neutral
grays. A "Status A" densitometer is used for measuring a native R=G=B exposed grayscale, allowing computing three
RGB correction curves that will allow any R=G=B value producing a neutral gray. This allows fast correction of gray
balance drifts induced by each photographic film batch, and by small drifts of the film development process. It may also
allow better use of the film recorder RGB channels dynamic range.

But IDEAlliance approach seem to ignore that calibrating film recorders gray balance never allowed producing accurate
professional colors. Even 25 years ago, this density calibration step was supplemented with using a three dimensional
proprietary Device Link profile, long before the existence of modern standardized ICC and Device Link profiles.

In addition, a specific Device Link profile (Often preceded by a new specific density calibration), had to be computed for
each photographic material reference, in order to get professional color accuracy. Because good colors were sought
and not only good grays. Apparently, IDEAlliance were inspired by non-professional photo labs approaches that were
happy with a mere gray balance setting of their film recorders, when professional photo labs were already using density
calibration, plus process-specific 3D profiles.

So that pretending a same gray balance can help harmonizing various CMYK print processes looks as strange as saying a
digital camera gray balance in enough for getting accurate colors. In addition, even should it be demonstrated that it
could help harmonizing various CMYK print processes, or even help a better reproduction of neutral grays.

On this basis, IDEAlliance seem to be polarized on tonal curves of their invention they name "NPDC" for "Neutral Print
Density Curves", that would be more interesting than the traditional print process TVI curves. Moreover, demonstrating
the advantages of their NPDC curves apparently asks them many dialectical acrobatics!

All their documents constantly try to dissimulate that in the end, any qualified Printer who wants to set properly a
CMYK press with standardized CMYK inks, need knowing its target solid and trapping colors, and needs the four target
TVI curves allowing him to produce properly his four plates. And nothing else.

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On this issue, what we find far too often in the field is that press Conductors tend to play on solid CMY densities for
getting neutral grays, because they are given plates not matching their printing press configuration and characteristics.
This helps grays but destroys colors.

2. On these fragile foundations, IDEAlliance based the practical computing of their "NPDC" curves on empirical
formulas that cannot properly replace the real press measured characteristics. All this seem inherited of old times,
when people only focused on the gray balance, by lack of the appropriate measurement and computing tools.

3. On same fragile basis, IDEAlliance compute their "ISO12647-2" ICC profiles by tweaking existing press
characterization files or profiles:

GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc is the US equivalent for "ISOcoated_v2": Thick matte or glossy coated paper,

SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc is the US equivalent for "PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc": White thin coated paper,

SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc is the US equivalent for "PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc": White thin coated paper, with a
slightly different paper tint from SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc.

For example, GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc profile has been approximated from Fogra 39, in order to offer almost same
color gamut than ISOcoated v2, with using almost "NPDC" curves…

Following their genesis, SWOP and GRACoL profiles more look like IΔEAlliance profiles.

It would have been quite easy computing, for each existing European ISO12647-2-3-4 CMYK ICC profile using the
arbitrary A to F TVI curves, an equivalent ICC profile with exactly same color gamut and properly computed NPDC
curves, with nearly zero ΔE visual distance.

4. Last point, the recommended IDEAlliance press setting method (Document "Calibrating, Printing and Proofing by the G7
Method") for matching one of above IDEAlliance ICC profiles, is itself quite uselessly complex, because it requires
printing and measuring CMY grays patches for test print runs.

Of course, printing target-based neutral CMY grays patches can always be useful for any print run, for visual control.
Because you can easily keep within ISO 12647-2 tolerances and still print colder or warmer grays.

However, MEASURING CMY grays for setting an offset press is useless, because the press gray balance is implicitly
written in any CMYK target ICC profile you choose, that may be any of European or IDEAlliance or other CMYK profile.
You only need correcting your plates in order to match your target ICC profile TVI curves.

By the way, IDEAlliance are publishing many words… but NOT the TVI curves of their published ICC profiles!

IDEAlliance document "Calibrating, Printing and Proofing by the G7 Method" mentions on page 22 at paragraph 6.4 "Adjust
device-level gray balance", that if their CMY 50, 40, 40 patch is not measured neutral, you should adjust the CMY solid
densities "in allowed tolerances" to try getting it neutral: That is what press Conductors have always done when they
are given bad plates, and what amateur photographers do when they mix getting neutral grays and getting accurate
colors.

5. Conclusions:

We think the only interest of IDEAlliance approach is the quite interesting question of searching optimized arbitrary
target TVI curves for each printing device, but their answers are not demonstrated, and the practical implementation of
these answers is bad.

What is quite surprising is that IDEAlliance rhetoric's could impose such CMYK standards in U.S.A., who are leading
pioneers for engineering and high technologies.

All qualified Engineers we have discussed this issue with, who work for well-known Graphic Industries Vendors, are
sharing our skepticism. However, for "marketing reasons" and for keeping "politically correct", most of the Graphic

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Industries Vendors, including a few color management Vendors, now officially support G7/IDEAlliance standards. This is
how, once more in Graphic Industries, non-demonstrated assertions of self-clamed experts became truth!

We think all these Graphic Industries Vendors, and more importantly their Shareholders, should rather ask themselves
the only relevant good marketing question:
Can they go on taking Graphic Industries Professionals and Print Buyers for idiots, by comforting them on
technological dead-ends, and hope, at the same time, this will help developing well their business?

For Colorsource the obvious answer is NO. Alas, it is precisely because their Equipments do not sell well enough,
despite their great usefulness and their great benefits for Graphic Industries, that so many Vendors are ready to
support any existing weird standard. If they go on, we will alas ALL have less and less Customers. Because badly
informed or deceived Customers are not able to make the right investment choices for their future. Color
management market keeps abnormally low in Graphic Industries, and bad information does not help.

Of course and as usual, Print Buyers are paying for the bill. As for the famous "Brunner" dot gain curves that were
promoted as the ideal offset TVI curves for 20 years, ISO12647-x standards are too often becoming today a source of
non-quality:

1. Many Print Houses are using ISO12647 as an alibi, by passing so-called "ISO12647 certifications",
2. Many Print Buyers are using ISO12647 as an alibi, by using their suppliers "ISO12647 certifications as an
umbrella, and not setting up the appropriate quality control procedures at reception of the prints they buy.
Print Buyers who want to optimize their costs and their quality should hire qualified Engineers spared by Graphic Arts
irrationality, who will never accept being explained two and two are five.

10-2) Colorsource solution for setting offset press matching IDEAlliance standards:
A solution could be computing for each existing or new European ISO12647-x ICC profile using A to F curves,
the equivalent ICC profile with "NPDC" TVI curves.

For example, ISOcoated_v2.icc could get an equivalent profile named e.g. ISOcoated_v2_NPDC_0ΔE.icc, etc.

Why not? However, multiplying by two the number of standard ISO ICC profiles … for a non-demonstrated benefit
…may not be such a good idea.

For setting presses on G7/IDEAlliance standards Colorsource have modified their CMYK_100% and CMYK_Gravure
press setting applications as follows:

1. CMYK_100% application now contains the three IDEAlliance standards, allowing computing the optimal solid inks
densities for matching IDEAlliance target colors:

Target colors ► GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc GRACoL2006_Coated1 Visual distance ► ΔE76 Density response ► DIN (Status E)
Nearest target to measured: GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc 100 100
90 Measured
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black 80
80
Optimal densities 0.10 70 Target
0.08
60
0.06 60
Tolerance zone for 2 50

ΔE76
0.04 0.08 0.07 40
0.02 0.04 0.04 30
40
0.00
-0.02 20
-0.04 10 20
-0.06 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

-0.08
0

100

0
-0.10
0

20

40

60

80
-80

-60

-40

-20

% 100 100 100 100 Paper 100+100 100+100 100+100 75 75 75 75 % -20

DIN (Status E) relative densities:1.45 1.49 1.44 1.70 1.36 N/A N/A N/A
ΔE76: 2.8 2.5 2.4 1.0 2.5 3.5 1.9 4.2 -40
ISO Tolerances: 5 5 5 5 3 10 10 10
-60
DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 DIN ΔE76 75 % dot gain: ? ? ? ?

Measured densities and ΔE: 1.45 2.8 1.49 2.5 1.44 2.4 1.70 1.0 Standard 75 % dot gain: 13% 13% 12% 14%

Optimal densities: 1.37 2.3 1.45 2.4 1.37 0.7 1.66 0.6 75 % print contrast: ? ? ? ?

Optimal concentration: 93% 96% 94% 97%

Min - Max allowed densities: 1,37 - 1,37 1,45 - 1,45 1,31 - 1,41 1,59 - 1,74 2.0 ◄ Tolerance for Min and Max allowed densities (ΔE76)
Polarizing filter bias ► 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(POL) 1.45 1.49 1.44 1.70

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

2. CMYK_Gravure application also contains IDEAlliance standards, in terms of target colors, and in terms of the target
"NPDC" TVI curves that are imposed by each IDEAlliance ICC profile. Because whatever IDEAlliance can say about
TVI curves, matching any published IDEAlliance ICC profile by purely densitometric settings, can ONLY be achieved if
the implicit TVI curves imposed by this profile are matched:

Target colors (Chosen in Control tab): GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc No correction curve has been used for this print run.
Target TVI curves ► STANDARD Standard target TVI curves GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc 15 copies have been measured
New gravure curves Gravure curves run N-1
Gravure Measure Target: Gravure Measure Target: Gravure Measure Target: Gravure Measure Target:
curve of d: Cyan GRACoL_ curve of d: GRACoL_ curve of d: Yellow GRACoL_ curve of d: Black GRACoL_
File measure NPDC_C measure Magenta NPDC_M measure NPDC_Y measure NPDC_K Cyan Magenta Yellow Black Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
d ink d ink d ink d ink

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10.0 10.0 22.7 15.7 10.0 18.4 15.0 10.0 21.0 15.6 10.0 23.1 17.5 6.9 8.2 7.4 7.6 9.1 8.5 8.7 8.7
20.0 20.0 40.0 30.6 20.0 33.9 29.9 20.0 36.4 30.7 20.0 38.6 33.5 14.6 17.4 16.3 16.8 18.1 16.9 16.8 17.5
30.0 30.0 53.3 44.2 30.0 47.0 43.6 30.0 53.1 43.6 30.0 52.0 47.2 23.1 27.4 24.3 27.0 27.5 25.9 26.0 26.5
40.0 40.0 65.2 56.1 40.0 58.0 55.6 40.0 64.7 55.4 40.0 63.9 59.0 32.3 37.9 32.0 35.9 36.9 35.3 36.2 35.9
50.0 50.0 73.5 66.4 50.0 67.4 66.1 50.0 75.9 66.0 50.0 71.1 69.3 41.5 48.7 41.1 47.4 46.5 45.3 45.5 45.5
60.0 60.0 81.6 75.7 60.0 77.5 75.6 60.0 83.6 75.4 60.0 81.0 78.2 52.6 58.1 49.6 57.2 56.1 55.5 55.0 55.2
70.0 70.0 87.5 83.9 70.0 85.1 84.0 70.0 89.4 83.6 70.0 86.8 85.8 63.8 68.6 59.9 68.3 66.2 66.3 65.2 66.5
80.0 80.0 92.8 91.0 80.0 92.2 91.1 80.0 94.4 90.9 80.0 92.1 92.0 76.7 78.5 72.8 79.9 77.3 78.2 75.4 77.3
90.0 90.0 97.6 96.3 90.0 97.8 96.3 90.0 97.8 96.2 90.0 97.3 96.8 87.3 87.4 85.1 89.1 89.1 89.6 87.2 88.6
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
… ► ► ► ► ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
100 Memorize here your four new gravure
90 curves in order you can use them in
'Declare_correction" tab when you
80
measure a production run. This will
70 allow you checking and correcting
60 these correction curves in case of
drift.
50

40

30

20

10

0
100
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100
100

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100
0

Gravure curve of measured ink Gravure curve of measured ink Gravure curve of measured ink Gravure curve of measured ink
Measured: Cyan Measured: Magenta Measured: Yellow Measured: Black
Target: GRACoL_NPDC_C Target: GRACoL_NPDC_M Target: GRACoL_NPDC_Y Target: GRACoL_NPDC_K
New gravure curve New gravure curve New gravure curve New gravure curve 10% steps control points
1

CMYK_Gravure application allows matching IDEAlliance targets as for any other CMYK target. CMYK_Gravure does
NOT and it will NOT offer bad cooking recipes, for trying to tweak the gray balance via plate's curves, for CMYK inks
sets, print processes, screenings or print medias, that are NOT covered by published IDEAlliance ICC profiles.

Because if you want to print a SWOP2006_Coated3v2 proof on SC paper, it is MUCH easier, accurate and more
productive setting your press on the ISO SC_Paper_eci.icc target, and changing your color separation from
SWOP2006_Coated3v2 color space to SC_Paper_eci color space, than trying to tweak your gray balance via your plate's
correction curves!

11) Production and control of CMYK color proofs:

11-1) Practical realization of a good color proof:
Making a good proof starting from “ISO CMYK” encoded documents is very simple. It consists in transforming the
“press CMYK” document values into C’M’Y’K’ values producing same apparent colors on the proof.

Color printers PostScript RIPs and/or Print House prepress workflow software, can apply these color space changes such
as “CMYK document to C.I.E. Lab” (input profile) and “C.IE. Lab to proofing printer C’M’Y’K’” (output profile), by using
two ICC profiles, or the according DeviceLink profile.

For simulating the press paper tint, the input profile should be used in absolute mode. The output profile rendering
intent is chosen according to the respective color gamut of the press and proofing printer.

We then get best possible visual agreement, provided the ICC input and output profiles are computed by sophisticated
software, and the PostScript RIP can properly use these profiles. On this issue many PostScript RIP and workflow
software do not allow choosing two distinct rendering intents for the source and destination profiles, whereas the same

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absolute rendering can be used for both profiles ONLY when the proofing configuration offers a large enough color
gamut.

Most of Ink-jet printers allow a wide enough color gamut to simulate all ISO 12647 CMYK standards provided good
quality paper be used. However, even in this case, sophisticated ICC profiles generation software does not try to
produce identical C.I.E. Lab colors on print and proof.

Indeed, the C.I.E. Lab apparent colors measurement system and its associated visual distance formulae such as ΔE76 or
ΔE2000 are neither designed nor applicable for comparing two documents or for comparing a document and a monitor.

They are ONLY applicable for visual comparison of two color patches placed side by side in a light booth with flat gray
background enforcing our vision adaptation on the common white point.

Only under these viewing conditions, the primitive C.I.E. Lab system can be regarded as a color appearance model, and
not merely as a convenient tool for the digital encoding of colors.

As soon as you compare a print and a proof with different media optical brighteners, producing on the proof the
accurate print C.I.E. Lab colors does not lead to best visual matching, this phenomenon being often accentuated by the
different natures of the inks on the press and proofing system.

Sophisticated ICC profile generation software considers this reality, and thus do not try to produce identical colors C.I.E.
Lab on the proof and print. Looking for exact C.I.E. Lab colors reproduction on proofing systems often leads to poor
visual matching.

This basic aspect of Color Science is duly taken into account by the most basic monitor calibration software: If you want
to display a red armchair with same apparent colors on a monitor with D50 white and on another monitor with a
different white point, it is necessary to display two different reds to take into account different human vision
adaptations on each monitor. The same is for paper color proofing, because paper tints strongly modify our color
perception, as monitors color temperatures do.

Some proprietary color proofing systems unnecessarily ask for measuring several thousand patches CMYK charts in
order to get very low ΔE on the proof, but this cannot ensure producing the best visual matching between proof and
print.

Moreover no proofing printer or printing press allow perfect printed colors repeatability, so that in practice, even when
a suitable color appearance model is used for color calibration, averaging measurement files of reasonable size CMYK
charts is much better than printing and measuring unnecessarily large test charts.

11-2) Valid principles for checking a color proof:

You can easily produce very good color proofs with ink-jet or laser printers (a spectrophotometer with a good software
costs less than 2000 €). Small design studios can even today produce good A3 proofs with domestic ink jet printers and
without using a PostScript RIP, by using the print color management functions of modern page layout software or
Acrobat Professional.

Laser printers are generally less stable than ink-jet printers and can require more frequent characterizations (or at least
more frequent density calibrations), but they allow fast, good and cheap simulation of ISO CMYK apparent colors, when
used with thick enough coated paper and a good PostScript RIP.

The color repeatability is similar for all ink jet color proofing systems, since they all use more or less the same print
engines, such as Epson or Canon. Generally, the color reproduction stability of digital (and traditional) print engines can
be optimized by using a temperature and moisture controlled atmosphere and by good paper storage and cut. It can be
improved further with print engines integrating a spectrophotometer for closed-loop feedback control.

For any Color proofing configuration, Color proof checking can be carried out by printing a control bar on each proof,
which can be more or less well suited to the printing configuration to be controlled.

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 Document file Printed document

Traditional
or digital
Press

Printer or Press Control Bar Printed Control Bar:

e.g. RGB or CMYK control data => To be measured
But whichever control bar is being used, the control bar reference colors and densities are depending on the color
appearance model (human vision modeling) being used for the proofing system color calibration, hence on papers
optical brighteners, inks and print technology.

For example, if a proof is simulating the ISOcoated_v2 CMYK reference, the reference C.I.E. Lab colors of a
30% Yellow on the proof or the paper tint has neither reason nor need to match exactly the ISOcoated_v2 C.I.E. Lab
D50 target colors if best visual matching is searched.

11-3) Controlling proofs according to ISO 12642 and ISO 12647-7 standards:
Color proofs control principles standardized by ISO are resting on a false assumption, according to which the ideal proof
should have same D50 2° C.I.E. Lab colors as the print, which explains many problems in the field when you look for the
best results, whether you want to simulate a press on a proof, or simulate a proof on a press.

Alas, this is not some simplifying assumption that would have been necessary to set ISO standards, but this is an
erroneous technical choice misleading many Customers, as long as this C.I.E. Lab matching accuracy argument is widely
used on Market by color proofing Vendors, who shout their color proofing systems are “Fogra Certified”. In addition,
the irrelevant move from ISO 12642 to ISO 12647-7 proof control is only aggravating this situation!

For example, the principle of Ugra/Fogra MediaWedge 2 control bar is as follows:

This Fogra control bar is composed of 46 arbitrary patches specified by constant CMYK values. It can be drawn for
example as hereafter 2 lines of 23 patches each, for fast measurement in “scan mode” when using appropriate
spectrophotometer:

According to Fogra and Ugra, if a proof simulating CMYK ISOcoated_v2 is good, the color you should measure on each
CMYK patch is the D50 2° C.I.E. Lab color held in ISOcoated_v2 CMYK profile - or in Fogra39.txt measurements file -
within ISO 12647-7 specified tolerances.

So that according to our “professional Certifiers”, this control bar reference values only depend on the simulated CMYK
ISO configuration, but not on the proofing system being used (paper, inks, printer type…), nor even on the color
appearance model being used at color calibration stage for ensuring the best possible visual agreement between proofs
and prints!

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An exception had to be made for offset type 4 papers (uncoated white): The measurement file Fogra 47L (and thus the
generic profile PSO_Uncoated_ISO12647_eci.icc based on this file) contains a paper tint that is not the real measured
tint. For these uncoated papers, “good” whiteness is obtained by using strong optical brighteners.

The paper tint measurement is done - as it should - without UV filter, and then indicates a bluish paper color, which is
OK. The fact we see these papers “not so blue” is an appearance effect, duly taken into account by more advanced than
C.I.E. Lab color appearance models, which are to be used for good color calibration.

Standardization committees modified the Fogra 47 measurements file by registering a less bluish paper tint
(L, a, b = 95, 0, -2) than typically measured tints (e.g. b = -6 … -10). Otherwise, the color proofs produced by some
Market color calibration systems would show a strong blue cast. However, methods that “almost always work” always
prove to be only bad methods.

This situation can be enhanced in future, by using more sophisticated multi-source spectrophotometers such as
Eye-One Pro 2 or Konica-Minolta FD7, if their spectral data are used with a more sophisticated color appearance model
than the antique C.I.E. Lab.

However, you should not care about the ISO 12647-x normalized paper tints, which are very specious.

11-4) Example of Ugra/Fogra method for checking a color proof produced with a low cost
domestic ink jet printer:
Hereafter the control report of a proof simulating ISO Coated_v2, produced on a low cost Canon A4 domestic printer is
showing that this color proof does matches ISO 12642 standard:

GretagMacbeth MeasureTool 5
- FOGRA Media Wedge
Fast check

Proofing system: Canon A4 IP 5300 domestic inkjet printer

Rendering intent: Absolute to absolute
Paper: Generic photo grade paper bought from http://www.rueducommerce.com
RIP: No PostScript RIP

Operation: Offset
Paper types 1,2
Weight 115 g/m²
CMY dot gain at 40 %: 13%

Printing condition:
commercial printing, paper type 1 or 2, i.e. gl. or matt coated art, 115 g/m², positive-acting plates,
periodic screen 60/cm, solids and TVI according to "ProzessStandard Offsetdruck" and ISO/DIS 12647-2:2003+

Measurement conditions:
ISO 13655: CIELAB, geometry 0/45 or 45/0, 2° observer, D50, white backing

En résumé:

Category Check dE Result

Paper White <=3.00 0.80 OK
Mean dE <=4.00 2.45 OK
Max. dE <=10.00 9.65 OK
C primary <=5.00 1.57 OK

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

 M primary <=5.00 1.67 OK
Y primary <=5.00 2.97 OK
K primary <=5.00 2.40 OK

>> FOGRA Media Wedge measures are OK! <<

MeasureTool 5, 3/03/2008
The ICC RGB mode printer profile was established by printing and measuring a small test chart: The i1Match application
“i1 RGB Target 1.5” test chart with 16 lines x 18 columns = 288 patches, when some proofing systems Vendors
recommend using test charts going up to 5400 patches!

Of course “a more accurate” proof, within ISO 12647-7 erroneous understanding, would be obtained by measuring a
larger RGB test chart distributed if needed on several A4 pages, or by using Eye-One iSis, in order to print more smaller
size patches on a single A4. Nevertheless, 288 measured patches are enough here to produce color proofs matching ISO
12642.

Lowering Delta E tolerances would not guarantee better simulation of the print in terms of visual agreement, since
color appearance of the final ISOcoated_v2 offset print run will strongly depend on stock paper spectral reflectance. In
real world, for best visual agreement between proof and print, it would first be necessary to make a real press ICC
profile more accurate than generic CMYK ISO profile, by averaging spectral measurement files, with known inks,
screening, and paper.

11-5) What about ISO 12647-7 proofs control?

11-5-1) Evolution of color proofs acceptability tolerances with “ISO 12647-7”:

ISO 12647-7 standard narrows the previous ISO 12642 proof control tolerances. Visual distance ΔE76 tolerances for
ISO compliant control bars are as follows:
ISO Solid C, M, Y or Max ΔE76 Mean ΔE76 ΔH ΔH
Paper tint
control bar K Inks for all CMYK% for all CMYK% Pure C, M, Y « CMY Grays »
ΔE76
max ΔE76 or K%
ISO 12642
3 5 10 4 N/A N/A
Tolerances
ISO 12647-7
3 5 6 3 2.5 1.5
Tolerances

ΔE76 tolerances were tightened by ISO 12647-7 standards, and an additional control of ΔH tint error was introduced.
(ΔH is the hue error as used for ΔECMC1:1 and ΔECMC2:1 visual distances computation).

 But former ISO 12642 tolerances consider as being good color proofs with sometimes very poor visual
matching, by improperly using C.I.E. Lab and ΔE76,

 They often class proofs with optimized visual matching as being bad, when these proofs would allow any press
conductor to satisfy fully his Customer.

Under these conditions, tightening ISO 12642 ΔE tolerances cannot ensure better color reproduction in the field: We
can be interested by “ΔE” to assess colors repeatability of successive proofs, to assess the color gamut or display
stability of an RGB monitor, but certainly not to assess the visual agreement quality between prints and proofs!

The problems for simulating presses on proofs and vice-versa, come from appearance effects related to the great
diversity of valid D50 light sources, papers witnesses, optical brighteners of traditional and digital printing papers, and
inks reflection curves. These problems are aggravated by strong metamerism affecting inks jet proofs and print visual
comparison, even when D50 lights being used are complying with ISO 3664 visual inspection standard.

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Better proofs control will thus only be reached by appropriate software tools allowing quality control by technical
exchange of all necessary data allowing full specification of the documents color appearance.

About this ISO 12647-7 proof control standard, the ECI website publishes an interesting communication by
Mr. Andreas Kraushaar (Fogra), about the prospect of specifying in future the Fogra control bars tolerances with using
ΔE2000 rather than ΔE76.

This communication at a recent meeting devoted to the new gravure “PSR V2” standards is available on the ECI website
at following link:
http://www.eci.org/lib/exe/fetch.php?id=en%3Adownloads&cache=cache&media=downloads:presentations:20090625_akraushaar_proofing_psrv4_en.pdf

Page 18 Mr. Kraushaar shows that a small half of the “certified gravure proofs” according to ISO 12642 tolerances, can
be certified according to 12647-7 tolerances, and this whether ΔE76 or ΔE2000 visual distance formulae are used.

However, the other half is made of a majority of proofs that are ISO 12647-7 compliant if ΔE76 is used, but out of
tolerances if ΔE2000 is used, and also of some proofs that are in ISO 12647-7 tolerances with ΔE2000 and out of
tolerances with ΔE76. Finally is left a minority of proofs that are in ISO 12642 tolerances but not 12647-7 compliant
whichever visual distance formula is used.

The true problem is that neither ΔE76 nor ΔE2000 are applicable here to estimate the visual matching quality between
proofs and prints or to “certify” color proofs quality!

All industrial colorists claim ΔE2000 visual distance is far more reliable and realistic than former ΔE76: And they do use
C.I.E. Lab for apparent color measurement with viewing conditions, where C.IE. Lab and associated ΔE formulae are
actually valid, by construction of C.I.E. Lab color space as a color appearance model.

So that ΔE2000 visual distance will obviously be the best available way to fix control bars color tolerance, when their
target reference colors are duly adapted to each color-proofing configuration, and when present erroneous constant
target C.I.E. Lab colors are no longer used. ΔE2000 visual distance will then allow fixing one single tolerance for all color
patches of any control bar, since it evaluates visual distances better than ΔE76 according to industrial color specialists.

On this issue, Colorsource now offer you a free application software allowing controlling any CMYK proof according to
ISO 12647-7 (ΔE76 & ΔH) or ISO 12642 (ΔE76) or IDEAlliance (ΔE76, ΔH, ΔL & ΔF) and also with using ΔECMC2:1 and
ΔE2000 visual distances. This application also allows controlling CMYK prints according to ISO 12647-2-3-4, and checks
the solid inks densities and TVI curves in this case. If needed, the application allows programming your own custom
target colors, in order to choose target colors that ensure a close visual match between the CMYK print and proof.

11-5-2) Applicability of proofing control methods as promoted by ISO 12647-7:

Fogra Media Wedge with ISO 12642 tolerances, in spite of their obvious flaws, make an applicable system for checking
CMYK proofs without special tints insofar as they allow checking a proof is acceptable, when Print Houses still receive
too many bad proofs.

Maybe we still find so many bad proofs because far too many color gurus are trying to explain the Market that color
proofing is a very complex and expensive process requiring so many certifications and costing a hell of a lot of money!

Therefore, I always recommended using ISO 12642 to all Market users while waiting for the availability of Colorsource
control system, which is far more relevant, reliable, and universal.

ISO 12642 ΔE76 tolerances control bars are large enough so that best color proofs can - often but not always - be
validated, when their color calibration does not stupidly try producing C.I.E. Lab colors identical to the print. Narrowing
these large-enough ΔE tolerances is a technical nonsense that can only mislead more Graphic Industries Professionals
and Print Buyers.

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On this same issue, current “RGB monitor proofing Certification software” are useless, since they only check displayed
C.I.E. Lab colors are matching the printed proof, when best monitor calibration software only care about apparent
colors by using far more sophisticated approaches.

Lastly, not only the ISO proof control process rests on erroneous guesses, but it is far too restrictive and limited in the
field, since an imposition proof printed on uncoated paper with an ordinary ink-jet printer such as HP 1050 can be
optimized for good visual matching with the press coated print, even if its “C.I.E. Lab” colors are very far away from this
offset coated print. Having this proof is always better than having no proof, and this proof need to be checked.

On this same issue, offset Print Houses very often receive ISOcoated_v2 proofs to be printed on other paper types, and
nobody would think of asking them an absolute match of the proof colors under these conditions.

11-6) The practical approach of Polestar Group Inc. for gravure:

I never had the pleasure to work with Polestar Group, but Mr. Gary McCrorie communication published on the ECI
website is quite interesting and I try to summarize it hereafter. It is available on ECI website at following link:
http://www.eci.org/lib/exe/fetch.php?id=en%3Adownloads&cache=cache&media=downloads:presentations:20090625_gmccrorie_polestar_en.pdf

For historical reasons, Polestar Group has a long time ago formulated its own CMYK inks for gravure printing, which are
different from “PSR V1” and more recent “PSR V2” CMYK ISO colors.

Specified before ISO 12647-4 reference frames, Polestar gravure CMYK inks were optimized for printing their own
proofs resulting from in-house repro work, by inks density adjustments and appropriate engraving curves.

The purpose of this internal CMYK standard was also to optimize reproduction of the many analogue offset proofs
received at the time to proof color separations intended actually for a gravure printing.

When “PSR V1” standards appeared, Polestar kept their inks, and successfully simulated the good or bad proofs of their
Customers by properly using ICC profiles. They asked that any color proof received from a Repro House would be fitted
with a control bar, but also asked for a reference color proof of a full CMYK ECI2002 test chart, in order to be able to
compute the accurate ICC profile of each Repro House color-proofing standard.
I know an excellent French gravure Print House that had to follow the same path. Customers are highly demanding for
gravure print works since this technology allows laying very accurate and very stable CMYK inks quantities on all print
area.

Within this framework, Polestar working method offers following great advantages:

 It takes into account the real proof C.I.E. Lab colors by re characterizing each Repro House internal proofing
standard, which depends on each Repro House proofing system configuration (Print engine, inks, paper, color
calibration …) and on the visual appearance model used for its color calibration.

 It allows printing well the apparent colors of the visually accepted proof, as long as its control bar shows
proper repeatability, (Control bar ΔE visual distances are applicable as regards repeatability).

 It allows optimizing reproduction of Customer’s proof apparent colors, even if the inks and paper used for
gravure printing do not authorize same color gamut (e.g. LWC gravure proof simulated by gravure printing on
SC paper).

 It allows taking into account the ICC profile of the good or bad but visually accepted proof, the gravure press
ICC profile with Polestar formulated inks, and the measured spectrum of real D50 light booth, to avoid any
metamerism.

It should be said that this approach is more easily applicable for gravure than offset printing, because one uses for
gravure a limited number of paper types and screenings, for very large print runs for which only a limited number
qualified Repro Houses are generally involved upstream, and for print runs on a limited number of increasingly
productive gravure presses.

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We see here Polestar Group are using very well the available modern color management tools in order to optimize their
reproduction of Customer’s visually accepted proofs, with their own inks, their own engraving curves, and without
trusting the erroneous ISO proofs validation process.

Mr. Gary McCrorie stresses out he would wish to avoid having to re characterize each Repro House “certified” proofs,
and he thinks “PSR V2” standards have improved the proofs quality.

About this issue of “color proofs improvement thanks to the new PSR V2 gravure standards”, my understanding is that
a proprietary color proofing system frequently found in gravure Repro an Print Houses (This proprietary system is
advertised as being a “Fogra certified” panacea, thanks to measuring thousands of colors patches for its
characterization…), ended up into finally producing less average proofs thanks to new proprietary calibration profiles
established for proofing the new “PSR V2” standards. Otherwise, this sudden improvement of gravure color proofs,
which would only be due to changing the CMYK target colors, would be extremely mysterious!

According to Mr. McCrorie, the new ISO “PSR V2” standards associated with a forthcoming reformulation of Polestar
Group inks should then allow to return to purely density based adjustment of their gravure presses for simulating new
“PSR V2” standards. Simulation of Clients proofs by using ICC profiles would then only be kept for gravure printing of
other offset standards or of previous ISO “PSR V1” gravure standards.

The pragmatic and industrial approach of Polestar Group is thus quite interesting, and I think that it actually underlines
the inherent limits of any - inevitably generic- standard, when top quality results are sought:

Standards based on C.I.E. Lab colors cannot completely specify the prints perceived colors. In addition to these
appearance effects, the wide color gamut of ink-jet printers used for gravure proofing is causing very strong
metamerism. The differences between ISO complying D50 lights with very good CRI and ideal C.I.E. D50 are often large
enough to induce fake magenta colorcasts in grays.

On this issue, only appropriate software tools will improve the situation in the field, by communicating for each
proofing system and each press all relevant technical data to specify fully the apparent colors of print and proof, among
which the measured power spectra of the “ISO” D50 lights being used.

11-7) Free ISO12647-7 control of Fogra Wedge Media 2 and Fogra Wedge Media 3 control bars
by using MeasureTool software:
MeasureTool software allows measuring (without USB dongle) the Fogra MediaWedge 2 and 3 proof control bars, by
using for example an Eye-One Pro or Eye-One Pro 2 spectrophotometer. You can download and install ProfileMaker
5.0.10 software on Mac or PC from X-Rite website, MeasureTool being one of the PM 5.0.10 software modules.

Set the measurement mode to “Reflection” in the toolbar, go to “charts measurement” and choose the appropriate
MediaWedge text reference file. For example, choosing the text file named “FOGRA39_MW3_Subset.txt” allows
controlling a proof that is supposed to be simulating FOGRA39 CMYK reference frame (i.e. “ISOcoated_V2”).

After disk recording of the Fogra Media Wedge 3 measurement file, MeasureTool offers to generate a diagnosis pdf file
of thus checked color proof.

Checking color proofs is thus not completely free, since it is necessary to afford a spectrophotometer. However, how
could you work today without using a spectrophotometer, whether you are a professional Producer or Client of Graphic
Industries?

Moreover, Eye-One Pro 1 or 2 also allow the essential control of D50 lights, without which color proofs are of no use.

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11-8) Controlling Fogra Wedge Media 2, Fogra Wedge Media 3,
Colorsource ISO12647-7 and IDEAlliance ISO12647-7 2009 control bars
with free Colorsource CMYK_Print_and_Proof application:
Colorsource free CMYK_Print_and_Proof application is far more sophisticated, and you can download it on Colorsource
web site at http://www.iso12647solution.com/CMYK_Print_&_Proof_control_software.htm

It allows controlling CMYK print and proofs with Fogra Media Wedge 2, Fogra Media Wedge 3, Colorsource ISO12647-7
and IDEAlliance ISO12647-7 2009 control bars, according to ISO12647-7, IDEAlliance, or ISO12642 or your own
ΔECMC2:1 or more relevant ΔE2000 criteria. You can use affordable spectrophotometers such as Eye-One Pro,
EFI ES-1000, and Eye-One Pro 2 connected to free measurement software such as MeasureTool, ColorPort or
i1Profiler.

11-9) Other limits of ISO promoted color proofs controls:

Some limits are the limits of any standardization process. Getting an optimal proof requires:

 Characterizing the press and proofing printer by two ICC profiles based on spectral measurements,
 Using sophisticated color appearance model for the ICC profiles computation,
 Taking into account the real D50 lighting booth spectra, and not ideal C.I.E. D50.

However, the erroneous principles promoted today for controlling paper and monitor proofs should neither be used
to promote soft proof or hard proof color proofing systems, nor be used to sell so-called “Certifications” to proofing
systems Vendors, to Graphic Arts Professionals and to their Clients!

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This ISO proof control process shows many other limitations:

 It is only possible to standardize a very limited number of printing configurations: As soon as spot colors,
special primary colors, or original media are used, a standard control bar cannot be appropriate for checking
proofs,

 Standard control bars do not control the proofing printer health since they specify “simulated press CMKY
C.I.E. Lab reference colors” and not “Proofing printer C’M’Y’K’ reference data”. Consequently, this control bars
can show neither the essential patches for fast visual monitoring of the proofing printer’s gray balance, nor the
necessary patches for controlling its density calibration,

 The standard control bar allows checking a digital print only if this digital print is simulating the narrow color
gamut of a CMYK press set to one of the few generic ISO standards! This use, which considerably limits the
quality of digital prints, is unsuited for best marketing use of digital printers and presses.

12) Some marketing and contractual consequences of ISO 12647 standards:

12-1) An average industrial print quality for standard CMYK print works:
The word “quality” here means “constant industrial quality”: Just like Coca-Cola addressing to our reptilian brain, try to
offer everywhere and always the same taste, the same product color, and the same packaging colors.

The product itself is not better than before: ISO 12647 standards do not set the best possible color gamut for each
printing technology, but an average standard chromatic response that all Print Houses can easily reach on each printing
press, by simple and inexpensive ways if using standard inks and papers.

This standardization was essential to ensure constant quality with lower costs. Standardization is thus excellent for all
Print Buyers and prepress actors.

However, this should not hide following reality: Print buyers can now put even more pressure on prices, since
specific working habits and technical data exchange are no longer needed between Design studios, Repro houses and
Print houses as long as an average ISO CMYK quality is sought.

Whether this prospect delights us or not, Print Houses who print standard CMYK products have no other choice than
matching ISO standards, or other local alternative CMYK standards.

The pride of press Conductors was to know how to print unsuited repro work thanks to their professional experience.
The trade becomes today knowing how to print repro works that are duly adapted to their press, in a repeatable way by
using the appropriate measuring instruments and software tools.

The Client’s files densities adaptation to the press chromatic response is made at Repro stage and supplemented at the
Print House by appropriate setting of their workflow software and engraving curves.

In worst cases, if the Client’s color separations are unsuited to the press, the Print House workflow can match it to the
press by using appropriate ICC profiles: When a file prints with bad colors, the traditional or digital press calibration
should never be modified: Only the file is to be modified. On this issue, color-retouching options offered by some digital
printer’s PostScript RIPs are useless, since they tend to preserve very bad working habits.

12-2) ISO 12647 "Certifications”:

For modern Graphic Industries, “ISO 12647 certification” processes appear to be anachronistic incongruities, and even
go against sincere quality quest.

An "ISO 12647 Certification", even if renewed every two years or more frequently, does not bring any serious quality
warranty to Print Buyers: Professional print buyers or their qualified delegate have to control by themselves each print
run quality, as for any other B to B market in any other Industry. "ISO 12647 Certifications" as they are made today, are

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an alibi for professional Print Buyers who do not set up appropriate in-house quality control process for all ordered
items, and a marketing tool for Print Houses, when they are big enough to support these "certifications" extra costs.

These inefficient, heavy and expensive color certification process are aggravating Print Houses and Print Buyers costs
without answering the problems, and moreover tend to discourage a very large number of small and medium Print
Houses to make the investments in the appropriate trainings and low-cost tools allowing them to boost up their quality,
when the whole necessary set of measurement and software tools for calibrating offset plates and matching ISO 12647
standards at each press setting may cost less than 3 000 US$, including the spectrophotometer!

Certifying production tools, work force, or companies is certainly a profitable market. However, a certification can only
be justified if it does bring a better quality on a day-to-day basis, or by imperious safety or environmental reasons. This
is not the case for color, which to my knowledge never killed anybody - except the color of the skin.

One seem to try once again spreading the idea that producing good proofs or good prints would be something very
complex reserved for some elite, requiring moreover some exotic and expensive “certified” production tools and formal
certifications!

This when color management tools and appropriate vocational trainings have brought color quality to Graphic Arts
since more than 18 years! The problem is that Graphic Industries Professionals were always more deceived by these
fairy tales than their Clients were.

Moreover, in all industries, any Organization delivering certifications must of course be fully independent of Customers
to be certified and of the Market Vendors: Organization delivering certifications should not sell any equipments,
software, training, or service. However, this Market independence is neither achieved, nor achievable in Graphic
Industries: How could a Certifier have - or even preserve - the necessary expertise, without being an active Supplier of
Graphic Industries?

There were always many "certification" abuses in Graphic Industries, starting with the color proofing systems
"certifications" long before the digital age. Producing good color CMYK proofs is one of Color Science easiest
applications, since it generally consists in simulating a limited CMYK color gamut with a digital printer offering a broader
color gamut. A misused “certified” color proofing system just prints craps, and is never safe from some hardware or
software failure.

As for the ISO 12642 proof check report shown on page 35, you can produce excellent CMYK proofs on low cost
domestic ink-jet printers with using cheap generic photo grade paper, by RGB printing of a CMYK pdf. Printing A3 proof
on domestic printers is hardly more expensive.

Of course, we do not recommend above method, inter alia for matters of productivity, cost per copy, and metamerism.
However, all those who try to accredit the idea that producing decent color proof would require any certification
process must live on another planet: Do they really want to enhance, democratize, and spread true color quality in
Graphic Industries? Paperwork will never replace people doing their work.

Vendors of “certified” color proofing systems quite simply bet on Customers and Print Buyers ignorance and on their
vain desire of any safety in these conditions. In this breach come more and more “certified” stuff such as certified
papers and RGB monitors, whereas modern color management tools have long time cleared out most problems about
color issues.
There is only one solution for checking a color proof: It will always belong to its Producer, then to its User, to check it.
Just like any Print House buying CMYK ISO inks or D50 high CRI fluorescent tubes must control these supplies do meet
their specifications.

So that the expertise allowing color quality certification must be present everyday at Graphic Industries Producers and
at Professional Print Buyers, and can thus only be guaranteed by appropriate training and motivation of their Staff.

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On this issue, it should be known that a D50 2°C.I.E. Lab values are not merely three L, a and b numbers computed by a
mysterious measuring instrument or software, that calibrating a graphic process is not trying to apply some user’s guide
without understanding color, and that marketing certifications will never replace Companies internal know-how.

12-3) Color Quality self-certification by all partners and clients of the manufacturing process:
Only the appropriate Producers self-certification tools will solve all perceived color communication problems and color
quality issues in Graphic Industries. Would this be only because most of traditional and digital publishing and packaging
print processes cannot be normalized - or it would then be necessary to specify billions of standards -, and not even
need to be standardized today to ensure best color quality.

All Print Houses need the appropriate tools and internal competences allowing them to match ISO 12647 standards: it
is quite simply their trade. In addition, they must be able to track and self certify their daily color quality for managing
their internal manufacturing processes.

Industrial quality always rests on double-checking by the Producers and Buyers, this allowing important savings to all
Partners. What is true for all manufacturing Industries is valid for Graphic Industries. Print Buyers, or their
qualified agents, must trust professionalism of the Producer. Nevertheless, they must be able to control the quality of
all prints and proofs.

Qualified Producers and Buyers of Graphic Industries thus do not need formal certifications, but quite simply need:

- Knowing the existing standards and their application limits,

- Mastering modern printing technologies in order to get the desired print quality at production stage,
- Mastering the hardware and software tools standard allowing them to check every print and proof quality.

13) The universal Colorsource solution for proofs and prints control:
It is clear that meeting present and future needs of Graphic Industries and their Clients do require a better quality
control system allowing easier, faster, and more reliable control of proofs and prints.

This system has to allow:

 Controlling CMYK prints matching some standards or not,

 Controlling the near infinite number of printing configurations which are required for Packaging, digital
printing and traditional printing on special medias with spot colors and/or special primary inks,
 Controlling the color proofs simulating above infinite number of non-standard printing configurations.

It has moreover to allow these controls to print and proof Producers, to color proofs Users and more generally to all the
graphic production process Partners and their Clients.

For this purpose, Colorsource is developing a universal quality control system based on using an alphanumeric identifier
allowing any Producer self-certify certify its prints and proofs color quality, and allowing all Partners and Clients to
double check this quality:

It allows all qualified Producers to set, document and communicate their own in house production standards whether
they are ISO or not. This offers the necessary flexibility for comprehensive and accurate color communication and
control between all Players.

By using a simple identifier, Colorsource unifies control bars generation and their control process, for all traditional and
digital prints and proofs, and this whether standardization is possible (and desirable) or not.

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 « Color Source » Web site
Managing all optimized dedicated control bars for all arbitrary proofing and printing configurations
at the time the documents have been printed

2 A color quality tracking

number is delivered
4
3

The print or proof Producer: The print or proof User:

Calibrates when possible then characterizes his Can reliably check the print or proof meet the
digital or traditional print configuration. Producer’s specifications
One optimized dedicated control bar is generated (Can be ISO 12647 if applicable)
The web data base hold all necessary data.

14) Colorsource dedicated software for optimal printing press setting:

Colorsource applications allow you fast and easy CMYK press setting for matching any existing ISO12647-2-3-4-6
standard or the US G7/IDEAlliance interpretations of ISO12647-2 (GRACoL & SWOP).

You can freely test them: Just download them on Colorsource web site with their supplied User's guides.

Colorsource press-setting applications allow using affordable spectrophotometers such as Eye-One Pro, EFI ES-1000, or
Eye-One Pro 2 connected to free measurement software such as MeasureTool, ColorPort or i1Profiler.

More generally, Colorsource software can use any 45/0° spectrophotometer with any print process using transparent
inks, but above-mentioned models are the most attractive, thanks to their scanning measurement mode allowing fast
measurement of your charts when setting your presses, and thanks to their very affordable price. (You do not pay for
built-in functions you do not need).

Calibrating and controlling printing plates:

PLATE application allows offset plate's calibration, with an excellent accuracy even on self-developing
offset plates with high N-factor and low optical contrast.

Matching CMYK prints to ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 and G7/IDEAlliance standards:

CMYK_100% application allows computing the optimal C, M, Y and K inks solid densities for matching
any ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 or G7/IDEAlliance C.I.E. Lab target colors. CMYK corrections are specified in
terms of density (status E (DIN), Status T, or status I), and in terms of ink thickness or pigment
concentration. You can as well optimize, record, and then match you own CUSTOM CMYK standards.

CMYK_Gravure application allows computing the CMYK printing formes engraving curves, for matching
CMYK screened tones colors the according ISO 12647-2-3-4-6 or G7/IDEAlliance target colors. You can
as well optimize, record, and then match you own CUSTOM CMYK standards.

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Checking the inks color quality and N-color printing with or without a CMYK base:

SPOT_Color_Manager application allows all special inks quality control at reception, and computes
their optimal print density before each print run. SPOT_Color_Manager computes each ink correction
in terms of density correction and ink thickness or pigment concentration correction. It allows you
properly specifying your inks set. SPOT_Color_Manager also offers a powerful Tint Search function,
allowing you managing more than 6000 special inks.

SPOT_Gravure application computes each special ink optimal print density on-press, and then its
printing forme correction curve, for optimal N-Colors press setting.
It allows you optimizing, recording, and then matching your own N-colors printing standards.

Applications download links: http://www.iso12647solution.com/Downloads_and_links.htm

15) Where to find and download more comprehensive information?

ECI web site: http://www.eci.org

ECI web site Downloads (Generic ISO profiles and PDF): http://www.eci.org/doku.php?id=en:downloads

IS012647-3 ISOnewspaper26v4.icc profile:

http://www.ifra.com/website/website.nsf/html/CONT_CONS_DL?OpenDocument&CTDL&DH

IFRA website: http://www.wan-ifra.org

BVDM website: http://www.bvdm.org

Download page: http://www.bvdm.org/Aktuelles/Downloads.php (See PDF MediaStandard_2006.pdf)

Fogra website: http://www.fogra.org

D50 2° Offset press characterization text files: (Access via « Products » then « ICC char’s data » as well):
http://www.fogra.org/index_icc_en.html

G7/IDEAlliance standards documentation and profiles: http://www.idealliance.org

ISO TC130 web page: (Graphic Technologies) ISO 12647 texts:

http://www.iso.org/iso/search.htm?qt=12647&searchSubmit=Search&sort=rel&type=simple&published=on

Colorsource solution for efficient global corporate color quality control:

http://www.iso12647solution.com/Colorsource_print_and_proof_quality_control_solution.htm

Download link for Colorsource universal CMYK test print:

http://www.iso12647solution.com/Colorsource_universal_CMYK_print_test_formes.htm

Printing press setting frequently asked questions:

http://www.iso12647solution.com/Colorsource_Press-setting_FAQS.htm

Colorsource free CMYK_Print_and_Proof control application:

http://www.iso12647solution.com/CMYK_Print_&_Proof_control_software.htm

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COLORSOURCE © Wilfrid Meffre 2007 – 2014 - January 2014 revision.

Colorsource ISO12647-x press-setting software and users guide free trial:
http://www.color-source.net/en/Colorsource_Press-setting_software_download_ page.htm

Wilfrid Meffre
wme@color-source.net

P.S.: Thank you to notify me any mistake that would have slipped into this document!

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Appendix 1: Brief history of «standard» CMYK ISO profiles:
1) ISO CMYK profile of European origin:
All valid or obsolete generic CMYK ISO profiles are downloadable free of charge on the excellent ECI (European Color
Initiative) website, and the original presses characterization files allowing ISO ICC profiles computation are
downloadable free of charge on the Fogra or ECI websites.

First published ISO standards were too complex. They specified as many as four different CMYK ICC profiles for
traditional sheet fed offset printing on thick matte or glossy coated paper:

1. One profile for 150 dpi positive plates, with CMYK characterization test chart measured on white background
(SB for “Self Backing”),
2. One profile for 150 dpi positive plates, with CMYK characterization test chart measured on black background
(BB for “Black Backing”),
3. One profile for 175 dpi positive plates, with CMYK characterization test chart measured on white background
(SB for “Self Backing”),
4. One profile for 175 dpi positive plates, with CMYK characterization test chart measured on black background
(BB for “Black Backing”).
On eci.org website, the archive “eci_offset_2002-2003_expert.zip” contains sixteen CMYK ICC profiles for web and
sheet fed offset printing, and the pdf files indicating their respective conditions of use.

In 2004, in order to make it more sensible, this printing configurations were simplified into one single ISO profile for
150 dpi (60 l/cm) positive plates per main generic paper type, made from CMYK characterization test charts measured
on white background, given that measuring charts on white background avoids non realistic darkening of
measurements. The dot gain increase when using 175, 200 dpi or stochastic screenings can be more or less successfully
compensated by using suitable plates engraving curves:
On eci.org website, the archive “eci_offset_2004.zip” contains four ICC profiles for web and sheet fed offset printing
(ISOcoated.icc, ISOwebcoated.icc, ISOuncoated.icc, ISOuncoatedyellowish.icc), and the pdf documents indicating their
using conditions.

The archive “eci_offset_cont_2004.zip” contains two profiles for printing continuous formes on drum web offset
presses (ISOcofcoated.icc and ISOcofuncoated.icc) and the pdf documents indicating their using conditions.

Between 2002 and 2004, ECI also published three generic ICC profiles for gravure CMYK Publishing applications:

On eci.org website, the “psrgravurelwc.zip” archive contains PSRgravureLWC.icc profile for gravure printing
on LWC papers (Light Weight Coated) and the original press characterization file.

The “psrgravuresc.zip” archive contains PSRgravureSC.icc profile for gravure printing on SC papers (Super
Calendered) and the original press characterization file.

The “psrgravuremf.zip” archive contains PSRgravureMF.icc profile for gravure printing on MF papers
(Machine Finished) and the original press characterization file.

Prefix PSR means: Process Standard Rotogravure printing. Regarding the new gravure ICC profiles published in June
2009, these “old good gravure profiles” are now mentioned as “PSR V1”.

In 2005, ECI published a generic ICC profile for the gravure printing on HWC paper:

The “psrgravurehwc.zip” archive contains PSRgravureHWC.icc profile for gravure printing on HWC papers
(High Weight Coated = Enhanced coated ~ 70 g/m²) and the original press characterization file.

In 2007: ECI modified one of the most frequently used profiles for offset and added a new standard:

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 ECI modified the generic ICC profile for offset printing on glossy or matte thick-coated papers (Paper types 1
and 2): The “good profile” ISOcoated.icc was replaced as from April 2007 by the new “good profile”
ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc, which is provided with two different inks coverage,

ECI also introduced new generic profile for offset printing on SC papers (Super Calendered): SC_paper_eci.icc.

The “eci_offset_2007.zip” archive contains five profiles for web and sheet fed offset printing ( ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc,
ISOcoated_v2_eci_300.icc ISOwebcoated.icc, ISOuncoated.icc, ISOuncoatedyellowish.icc, and SC_paper_eci.icc), and the pdf
documents indicating their respective English and German user’s guides.

In 2008: ECI published four new generic ICC profiles for offset printing:

For type 1 and 2 papers (Thick gloss and matte coated paper), a new generic profile intended for stochastic
screenings is provided with two versions of ink coverage: PSO_Coated_300_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc (300%)
and PSO_Coated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc (330%), in supplement of periodic screenings ISOcoated_V2
profiles.
For uncoated white papers with stochastic screenings, a PSO_Uncoated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc profile
is supplementing the periodic screenings ISOuncoated.icc profile.
For offset prints on MFC papers (Machine Finished Coating), a PSO_MFC_paper_eci.icc profile is proposed.
A PSO_SNP_paper_eci.icc profile (SNP = Standard News Print) characterizes printing on standard newsprints
with heatset drum web offset presses.
Prefix PSO stands for: Process Standard Offset and NP for: “Non Periodic”.

The “eci_offset_2008.zip” archive contains eleven profiles for web and sheet fed offset printing: (ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc,
ISOcoated_v2_eci_300.icc, ISOwebcoated.icc, ISOuncoated.icc, ISOuncoatedyellowish.icc, SC_paper_eci.icc, PSO_MFC_
paper_eci.icc, PSO_SNP_paper_eci.icc, PSO_Coated_300_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc, PSO_Coated_NPscreen_ISO12647_
eci.icc, PSO_Uncoated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci), and the pdf documents indicating their using conditions.
All printing configurations text measurement files are available on Fogra website.

In June 2009, ECI modified existing profiles for offset and gravure:
Replaced the offset ISOwebcoated.icc profile (Thin coated paper) by two new distinct generic ICC profiles
PSO_LWC_Standard_eci.icc and PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc, matching two different paper whiteness's,

Replaced the generic ISOuncoated.icc profile (uncoated white papers) by new generic ICC profile
PSO_Uncoated_ISO12647_eci.icc,

Replaced the generic gravure “PSR V1” profiles PSRgravureLWC.icc, PSRgravureHWC.icc and PSRgravureSC.icc
by three new profiles named “PSR V2” respectively PSR_LWC_STD_V2_PT.icc, PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc and
PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT.icc.

The “eci_offset_2009.zip” archive contains the twelve up to date CMYK profiles for web and sheet fed offset printing:

ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc, SC_paper_eci.icc
& ISOcoated_v2_eci_300.icc PSO_MFC_paper_eci.icc
PSO_LWC_Standard_eci.icc PSO_SNP_paper_eci.icc
PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc PSO_Coated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc,
PSO_Uncoated_ISO12647_eci.icc & PSO_Coated_300_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc
ISOuncoatedyellowish.icc PSO_Uncoated_NPscreen_ISO12647_eci.icc
As a reminder the “eci_offset_cont_2004.zip” archive contains the two profiles for printing continuous formes with
drum web offset presses (ISOcofcoated.icc and ISOcofuncoated.icc) for matte coated paper 150 dpi and uncoated paper
135 dpi.
The “psr_v2_pt.zip” archive contains the three up to date profiles PSR_LWC_STD_V2_PT.icc, PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc
and PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT.icc respectively intended for gravure printing on LWC paper (Light Weight Coated), HWC paper
(High Weight/Improved Light Weight), and SC-A papers (Super Calendered in A quality class). The characterization

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measurements files were not published to date, but could be computed for any CMYK test chart from the published
gravure ICC profiles.

In June 2010, ECI have documented the new profiles for CMYK gravure publishing “PSR V2” profiles and added one
new profile for gravure:
The archive "eci_gravure_psr_v2_2009.zip" updated on 26 September 2010 does contain the
PSR_LWC_STD_V2_PT.icc, PSR_LWC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc and PSR_SC_STD_V2_PT.icc characterization text files plus a
new profile named PSR_SC_PLUS_V2_PT.icc bound to printing on high quality Super Calendered papers.

In 2012, ECI have added following ICC profiles:

1. Two ICC profiles characterizing CMYK offset prints on thick-coated papers after their lamination with OPP
(Oriented Poly Propylene) glossy or matte film, named respectively:

PSO_Coated_v2_300_Glossy_laminate_eci.icc and PSO_Coated_v2_300_Matte_laminate_eci.icc

Above profiles take into account the color changes induced by lamination of ISOcoated_v2 CMYK prints so they are
useful at color separation and proofing steps. The press should be set for matching ISOcoated_V2_eci.icc (or equivalent
ISOcoated_v2_300_eci.icc) target. Both profiles are supplied with Colorsource press setting application software only for
checking laminated ISOcoated_v2 prints and proofs, and not for setting the offset press.

2. One ICC profile characterizing web offset prints on improved news paper, the PSO_INP_Paper_eci.icc (INP stands for
Improved News Print).

2) ISO CMYK profile of US origin:

Even if quite satisfied by the European implementation of ISO12647-2, that provides excellent results with easy and fast
offset test print runs, and for purely "marketing" reasons, Colorsource have updated their free CMYK_Print_and_Proof
quality control application, and their dedicated CMYK press-setting applications, in order to include not only the
ISO12647-2 European targets, but also the US G7/IDEAlliance (GRACoL and SWOP) targets.

IDEAlliance have promoted the CMYK ICC press profiles thought by the American Experts of GRACoL (General
Requirements for Applications in Commercial Offset Lithography) and SWOP (Standard Web Offset Printing)
organizations.

Three CMYK profiles are promoted and used in United States: GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc, SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc, and
SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc:

GRACoL2006_Coated1v2.icc is the US equivalent for "ISOcoated_v2": Thick matte or glossy coated paper,
SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc is the US equivalent for "PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc": White thin coated paper,
SWOP2006_Coated5v2.icc is the US equivalent for "PSO_LWC_Improved_eci.icc": White thin coated paper, with a
slightly different paper tint from SWOP2006_Coated3v2.icc.

However, the US Experts apparently look mainly concerned about keeping their expertise Market, with such a strange
implementation of ISO12647-2 standards!

Maybe they have been afraid that good quality and productivity allowed by simple methods would somewhat drop a
shadow on their "Black Art" empirical and ancient methods.

Because the technical documents IDEAlliance publish on their web site show the press setting methods they are
promoting are rather irrational and with rather poor conception. These methods are also quite uselessly complex to
implement if you follow the press setting methods they suggest!

Obviously, the average US Print House will have little chance to set properly their printing presses without asking for an
Expert ;-). A brief critical review of the official documents published by IDEAlliance is offered at paragraph 7 of this
document.

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Appendix 2: How a market Vendor solved... his OWN problems:

De : X-Rite, Incorporated [mailto:info@email.xrite.com]

Envoyé : vendredi 13 août 2010 17:38
À : wme@color-source.net
Objet : Introducing the X-Rite Graphic Arts Standard - XRGA

To view this email as a web page, go here.

Dear Sales Partners,

We are pleased to announce the new X-Rite Graphic Arts

Standard (XRGA), a new calibration standard for the Graphic
Arts industry. By taking advantage of advances in color science
and in order to adhere to new international standards (ISO),
XRGA will improve inter-model agreement on our 0°/45° and
45°/0° instruments so that our customers can enjoy high-quality
data exchange between sites that use different instrumentation,
regardless of their legacy affiliation.

As you know, the former X-Rite and the former GretagMacbeth

each had, for historical reasons, different calibration standards

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for graphic arts instrumentation. While it was important to
ensure both standards were maintained to guarantee continuity
for both companies' customers, our goal with XRGA is to
eliminate systematic discrepancies between instruments so that
all measurements taken for a particular color sample reflect the
same data, and can be seamlessly communicated within your
workflow. This does not reflect any change in the particular use
case of any given instrument; we still recommend that you use
instruments appropriate to the particular task at hand in your
prepress or pressroom workflow.

To help us define this standard, we conducted a detailed study

designed to quantify the systematic differences between
measurements obtained using instruments from both former
companies to ultimately arrive at the definition of a new
corporate standard for our graphic arts instrumentation. Based
on the results, the XRGA achieves the following goals:

 Is applicable to all 0°/45° and 45°/0° instruments.

 Incorporates improved methods for calibration
 Maintains traceability to the American National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST)
 Offers best implementation with respect to existing international ISO
standards
 Improves inter-model agreement for existing instruments
 Preserves good agreement among former X-Rite instruments and
former GretagMacbeth instruments
 Provides a single standard for all future graphic arts instruments to
be delivered by X-Rite
 Improves data exchange

In addition to developing an improved, single factory calibration

process for XRGA standard instruments, we have also
developed a set of transforms to enable measurements taken
by either a former X-Rite or a former GretagMacbeth instrument
to be easily expressed in the new XRGA standard.

A number of our graphic arts products already conform to

XRGA, notably ColorMunki Photo, ColorMunki Design and
EasyTrax. All future graphic arts instruments and software
delivered by X-Rite will conform natively to XRGA. Because
former X-Rite instruments are already very close to XRGA, the
switch will result in very small differences in measurement

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values; many customers will not need to make any changes. For
customers who have experienced greater differences in
measurement values between former X-Rite and former
GretagMacbeth instruments, we will provide seamless means to
move existing databases to the new XRGA standard.

Over the next several months, new orders of existing X-Rite

products, which are still available for sale, will begin to be
manufactured to the new XRGA standard at the factory.

Upgrade Procedures and Pricing

Existing customers wishing to upgrade their current instruments

can do so by following the procedure for the instrument in
question, which will be outlined at xrite.com/xrga/support
beginning September 15, 2010.

Product How to Update Existing Units Target Date

for new
Units

i1 Solutions ColorPort 2.0 and X-Rite Device July 2010

(i1Pro, i1iSiS & Services (XRDS) available to convert
i1iO) data to the new standard. Available for
download at
www.xrite.com/xrga/support

InkFormulation / InkFormulation 6 / ColorQuality 6 November

ColorQuality Software Update 2010

X- Software Update March 2011

RiteColorMaster

Color iQC/ Software Update June 2011

X Color QC

528/530/939 Updates to the new XRGA will be November

included in the regular annual re- 2010
certification or during flat rate repair at
our worldwide service centers. All units
sent in for Service after November
2010 will be updated. For those

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 customers that want to send a unit in
for the XRGA update without
Repair/Re-Certification there will be a
minimal Service & Handling Fee (fee
tbd). This process is the same for in
warranty or out of warranty units.

SpectroEye Updates to the new XRGA will be November

included in the regular annual re- 2010
certification or during flat rate repair at
our worldwide service centers, if the
update is explicitly requested. There
will be specific firmware that conforms
to the new XRGA standard. If the
customer does not have the latest
polarization filter for the SpectroEye
(according to ISO 13655), this will also
be updated at the same time as the
update to XRGA. Note: Only those
customers that specifically request the
update will receive it.

NetProfiler Customers who request their November

SpectroEye to be updated to XRGA 2010
will also need to order a new
NetProfiler Card. p/n: NP2SPE-XRGA.
Note: SpectroEye and NetProfiler
should be updated at the same time.

IntelliTrax XRGA will be introduced with a new TBD -

software release. Customers can order Target Q1
the software update CD (update CD 2011
p/n: 2246-03-CD), and it will also be
made available for download.

Launch plan outline

X-Rite Webinars for our Sales Partners:

We will host a series of WebEx meetings for our sales partners:

 What Does XRGA Mean To You And Your Customers

 How to update your X-Rite Product(s)

Sessions in English: Register Here >

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 10AM - 11AM
Monday, August 30th
EDT

Monday, August 30th 3PM - 4PM, EDT

Wednesday September 1st9AM - 10AM EDT

Thursday, September 2nd 9AM - 10 EDT

Sessions in German: Register Here >

Tuesday, August 31st 4PM - 5PMM CET

Thursday, September 1:30PM - 2:30PM

2nd CET

Public Relations

 Worldwide press release scheduled for September 15th.

 Press briefings with key worldwide publications scheduled for
August/September timeframe. One on one briefings to be scheduled
for Graph Expo, and other regional industry tradeshows world wide.
 Editorial coverage in the works for September - December 2011 in a
variety of industry trade publications

Public Webinars:

 WhatTheyThink Educational Video Series - series of (5) five 3-5min

videos to be aired on WhatTheyThink.com in September and
October 2011; series will be archived for viewing thereafter.

Online Banner ads: online click thru to xrite.com/xrga

 WTT
 PrintPlanet
 PrintCEO
 PrintWeek UK
 German placement tbc

Communications tools

Marketing tools & reference documents available for download

in the resource room and at www.xrite.com/xrga including:

L7-462 XRGA Whitepaper

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Available in EN, DE, FR, IT, ES, CN, JP
Whitepaper describes the reason for developing XRGA as well
as what measurement differences to expect from various
instruments. This should be distributed to customers that want
to know more details about the new standard. No NDA required.

L7-476 XRGA Sales Presentation

PowerPoint presentation suitable for general use; available in
English only.

L7-473 XRGA Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ); available in

English only.

"How To" Documents -This document will explain by product

how to implement or update existing units to the new standard.
These will be available in the Resource Room and on
xrite.com/xrga on or around September 1st.

If you or your customers have any questions about XRGA, you

can go to www.xrite.com/xrga or contact your local sales
representative.

Kind regards,

Laura Pursley
Product Manager and XRGA Team Leader

If we have sent this to you in error, or if you wish to remove

your name from future communications, please unsubscribe.

This email was sent by: X-Rite, Inc.

4300 44th Street SE Grand Rapids, MI, 49512, USA

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