Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness

of Beetroot Juice on Serum Iron, CBC & Clinical
Features among Adolescent Girls with
IDA in Selected Areas of DNH
Priya Sharma1 Hetal Patel2
Assistant Professor M. Sc. Nursing Student
Community Health Nursing Community Health Nursing
Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing
Silvassa, DNH Silvassa, DNH

Amar A. Mulla3 Sujeeta Malik4

Assistant Professor Nursing Tutor
Child Health Nursing Community Health Nursing
Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing Maharaja Agrasen Nursing College
Silvassa, DNH. Bahadurgarh, Haryana

Abstract:- Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the I. INTRODUCTION

most prevalent nutritional deficiencies in the world, and
more than half of the population in India is anaemic. Health is the fundamental right of each and every
Iron deficiency anaemia cause impaired school individual in all age group e.g. children, adolescent, adult
performance, decreased work productivity and other and geriatrics.[1] According to WHO, the ‘adolescence’
adverse outcomes.[1] Adolescence, a period of rapid term has been defined as the age between 10 and 19 and
growth and development, is considered the most ‘youth’ as between 15 and 24; young people is a term
nutritionally vulnerable group.[2] The aim of the study which covers both age group. The term teenage years is
was to assess the effectiveness of beetroot juice on used synonymously with adolescence to describe age 13 to
serum iron, CBC and clinical features among 19 years.[3]Adolescents constitute more than 1.2 billion
adolescent girls with iron deficiency anaemia in selected worldwide, and about 21% of Indian population.
areas of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. A quantitative Morbidity and mortality occurring in this age group is
research approach was used. A Quasi-experimental pre- mostly due to preventable causes. This is a vulnerable
test post-test design was adopted among 60 adolescent period in the human life cycle.[2] As adolescent age is the
girls with iron deficiency anemia by simple random formative years for development, anemia at this stage of
sampling. The result showed that there is highly life has some long term consequences, such as stunted
significant (p<0.001***) difference between control and growth, reduced immunity, menstrual irregularities, later
experimental posttest level of serum iron and CBC. It on poor pregnancy outcomes such as intrauterine growth
shows that after the administration of beetroot juice, restriction, low birth weight, increased perinatal morbidity
there was a significant improvement in the serum iron and mortality.2 Priority of adolescent health includes good
and CBC level of adolescent girls with at nutrition, sexual and reproductive health and non
(p<0.001***).The posttest mean for clinical features of communicable disease.[4] According to World health
experimental group was 2.47 (SD 2.53) Whereas Organization (WHO) the haemoglobin level should be
posttest mean for clinical features of control group was 12gm/dl for adolescent girls, haemoglobin level ranges
5.87 (SD 2.08). Thus the study concluded that beetroot from 11-11.9 gm/dl is considered as mild anemia,
juice was effective in the adolescent girls with iron haemoglobin between 8 gm/dl to 10.9 gm/dl is considered
deficiency anaemia. as moderate anemia and haemoglobin less than 8 g/dl is
considered as severe anemia.[5] Various types of anemia
Keywords:- Effectiveness; Beetroot Juice; Serum Iron; prevalent in India such are Iron deficiency anemia,
CBC; Anemia; Adolescent girls. Thalassemia, Aplastic anaemia, Hemolytic anemia, Sickle
cell anemia, Pernicious anaemia. But the iron deficiency
anemia is major issues among adolescent girls due to
chronic blood loss caused by excessive menstruation.
Increased demands for iron, such as children undergoing
rapid growth in adolescence.[6] The World Health
Organization estimated that about 30% of the world’s

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 684

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
population suffers from anemia.[7] Majority 70% of Indian II. METHODOLOGY
adolescent girls are anemic (Hemoglobin (Hb) < 12.
Studies have revealed that 65 % to 75 % of the adolescent  Research Approach:
girls in India are anemic.[8] Based on NFHS-4 (2015-2016) A quantitative approach was used to determine the
data, majority 80.1% Non- pregnant women were anemic effectiveness of beetroot juice upon serum iron, CBC and
whereas 67.9% pregnant women were found to be anemic clinical features among adolescent girls with iron
in Dadra and Nagar Haveli.[9] Though iron and folic acid deficiency anemia.
supplementation remains the corner stone in treatment of
anemia nutrition education and food supplementation are A. Research Design:
long term measures in preventing the recurrence. Food A quasi-experimental pretest posttest design with one
based approaches are gaining high potential for long lasting group experimental and one group control group was
benefits in improving nutritional status of folate and serum adopted for this study to evaluate the effectiveness of
iron status.[10] Beetroot juice will help in treating anemia by beetroot juice upon serum iron, CBC and clinical features
increasing the blood count. Beetroot juice is particularly among adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia.
beneficial as an anemia remedy for children and teenagers.
According to H. K. Bakhru author of “food that heal.” Symbolic Presentation of Research Design:
Beetroot strengthens the body‟s immune power and has
proved to be an excellent remedy for anemia, especially for Group Pretest Treatment Posttest
children and adolescents where other blood forming Experimental O1 X O2
remedies have failed.[11] Control O1 O2
Table 1
 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to find the effectiveness of Key:
O1: Pretest assessment of serum iron, CBC and clinical
 Objectives of the Study features in Experimental & control group.
 Assess effectiveness of beetroot juice on serum iron, X1: Nursing Intervention- Administration of beetroot
CBC and clinical features among adolescent girls in provided to adolescent girls in experimental group.
control and experimental group. O2: Posttest assessment of serum iron, CBC and clinical
 Find association between pretest level of serum iron, features in Experimental & control group.
CBC and clinical features with selected demographic
variables among adolescent girls in control and B. Variables:
experimental group. 1. Independent variable: administration of beetroot juice.
2. Dependent variable: Level of Serum Iron, CBC and
 Hypotheses clinical features
The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of 3. Demographical variables: Age, educational class, type
significance. of family, religion, diet, have you attained menarche,
regularity of menstruation, family monthly income.
 H1: There will be significant difference in the between
the level of serum iron, CBC and clinical features C. Research Settings:
before and after administration of beetroot juice among The study was conducted in Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia in The experimental group was selected from Galonda village
experimental group. and control group from Athola village.

 H2: There will be significant association between  Population

pretest level of serum iron , CBC and clinical features The population for the study consisted of adolescent
with selected demographic variables among adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia in the age group of 13-
girls in experimental and control group. 17years.

 Conceptual Framework  Target population:

The theoretical frame work for the present study is In this study, target population is 13-17 years
developed from “Nora J Pender’s Health Promotion Model adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia residing in
(1982; revised 1996) was designed to be a complementary Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
counterpart to models of health protection”.19  Accessible population
In the present study, the accessible population is 13-
17 years of adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia
residing in government residential hostels of Dadra and
Nagar Haveli.

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 685

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Sample menarche, regularity of menstruation, monthly family
In this study, samples were the adolescent girls in the income, type of family, religion and diet
age group of 13-17 years residing at residential hostels of
selected government schools of Tokarkhada and  PART 2: Self – Structured Clinical Features Rating
Kharedapada, Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Scale
It contains the Self-structured clinical features
 Sample Size: observation rating scale. The tool has 20 items. The scale
In the present study the sample size was 60 adolescent had three points scale that is always, sometimes and never.
girls in the age group of 13- 17 years having iron deficiency All the clinical features were observed by the researcher
anemia divided into two groups as 30 adolescent girls in and were given rating accordingly. The scoring for the
control group and 30 adolescent girls in experimental same was done as always= 2, sometimes = 1 score and
group. never = 0. Based on the score of the rating scale the
following categories of anemia were made:
 Sampling Technique:
The present study adopted a probability sampling CATEGORY SCORE PERCENTAGE
technique to select the adolescent girls in the age group of a) No anemia 0 0
13-17 having iron deficiency anemia. Lottery technique b) Mild anemia 1-13 1-33%
was employed to select the sample.
c) Moderate anemia 14-27 34-68%
 Development of Tool d) Severe anemia 28-40 69-100%
The following steps were adopted in the development Table 2
of the tool:
1. Review of literature  PART 3: Blood investigations:
2. Discussion with experts It contains values of Serum iron and CBC
3. Development of blue prints (haemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume
4. Construction of structured Clinical Features Rating (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean
Scale corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red
cell distribution width (RDW) level.
 Description of Tool:
Data collection tool consists of three parts as follow: III. RESULTS

 PART 1: Demographic Characteristics: This section deals with the description of

Demographic Characteristics will be developed by the demographical variables of adolescent girls with iron
investigator for the purpose of collecting background deficiency anemia which is explained in frequency and
information of the sample. It consist nine (9) items such as percentage distribution and presented in table 3.
age, educational class, have you attained menarche, age of

Experimental group Control group

S. Sample Characteristics (n=30) (n=30)
No (f) (%) (f) (%)
1 Age (in years)
13 – 14 2 6.7 2 6.7
14 – 15 14 46.7 14 46.7
15 – 16 4 13.3 4 13.3
16 - 17 10 33.3 10 33.3
2 Religion
Hindu 25 83.3 27 90
Muslim 0 0 0 0
Christian 5 16.7 3 10
Others 0 0 0 0
3 Educational status
8TH 0 0 0 0
9TH 9 30 17 56.7
10TH 0 0 0 0
11TH 21 70 13 43.3
4 Monthly family income
<5001 4 13.3 5 16.7
5001-10000 23 76.7 24 80
10001-15000 3 10 1 3.3
>15000 0 0 0 0

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 686

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
5 Types of family
Joint family 25 83.3 25 83.3
Nuclear family 5 16.7 5 16.7
6 Do you attain menarche?
Yes 30 100 30 100
No 0 0 0 0
6.1 Age at menarche:
12 14 46.7 14 46.7
13 10 33.3 10 33.3
14 6 20 6 20
15 0 0 0 0
>15 0 0 0 0

6.2. Menstrual regularity

Regular 24 80 23 76.7
Irregular 6 20 7 23.3
7 Types of diet.
Vegetarian 11 36.6 10 33.3
Non-vegetarian 19 63.7 20 66.7
Table 3:- Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Samples based on Demographic Variables.
n = 60

Table 3 depicts that majority of the subjects of control group 46.7 % belongs to age group of between 14-15 years in control
and experimental group.70% and 56.7% studying in 11th and 9th class respectively, 83.3% and 90 %of belongs to Hindu religion,
63.3% and 66.7% were non vegetarian in control and experimental group.100% of attained menarche, 46.7% attained menarche at
12 years of age, 80% of menstrual regularity, 83.3% of belongs to joint family in both control and experimental group.

Fig 1:- Diagrammatic presentation of distribution of samples based on Age in years.

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 687

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 2:- Diagrammatic presentation of distribution of samples based on Educational Class.

Clinical Parameters Experimental pre test Experimental post test Mean ‘t’-value P-value
Mean SD Mean SD difference
Serum iron 36.3 14.3 39.07 14.6 2.76 7.87 P<0.001***
Hemoglobin 10.83 0.71 11.26 0.69 0.43 7.13 P<0.001***
Hematocrit 34.94 2.69 36.67 2.91 1.73 11.59 P<0.001***
Mean corpuscular volume 73.7 4.88 75.25 4.98 1.55 10.89 P<0.001***
(mcv)
Mean corpuscular 23.16 1.6 24.31 1.65 1.15 7.34 P<0.001***
haemoglobin(MCH)
Mean Corpuscular 31.11 2.09 32.4 2.21 1.37 8.26 P<0.001***
haemoglobin
concentration(MCHC)
Red cell Distribution 17.5 2.89 18.78 3.02 1.27 9.58 P<0.001***
Width(RDW)
*-P<0.05,significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001, Highly significant
Table 4:- Effectiveness of beetroot juice on serum iron and CBC among adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia in
Experimental Group.
n= 30

Fig 3:- Diagrammatic presentation of Pretest Mean & Posttest Mean of Clinical Paramters in Experimental Group.

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 688

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Experimental pre test Experimental post test Mean ‘t’-value P-value
Mean SD Mean SD difference
Clinical feature scale 5.87 2.15 2.47 2.53 3.4 5.57 P<0.001***
(sign and symptom )
*-P<0.05,significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001, Highly significant
Table 5:- Effectiveness of beetroot juice on clinical features among adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia in Experimental
Group (n= 30)

Control pre test Control post test Mean ‘t’-value P-value

Clinical Parameters Mean SD Mean SD difference
Serum iron 35.4 14.69 35.56 14.6 0.17 0.86 0.393
Hemoglobin 10.79 0.77 10.79 0.79 0.003 0.205 0.839
Hematocrit 35.13 2.38 35.17 2.34 0.037 0.71 0.482
Mean corpuscular volume 73.86 4.16 73.99 4.26 0.13 1.39 0.174
(mcv)
Mean corpuscular 23.66 1.45 23.7 1.49 0.04 1.25 0.221
haemoglobin(MCH)
Mean Corpuscular 31.21 2.33 31.25 2.31 0.04 1.33 0.195
haemoglobin
concentration(MCHC)
Red cell Distribution 17.1 2.96 17.12 2.95 0.02 2.26 0.03*
Width(RDW)
*-P<0.05 ,significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 6:- Effectiveness of beetroot juice on serum iron, CBC and clinical features among adolescent girls with iron deficiency
anemia in Control Group. (n= 30)

Control pre test Control post test Mean ‘t’-value P-value

Mean SD Mean SD difference
Clinical feature scale 5.7 2.13 5.87 2.08 0.17 1.97 0.057
(sign and symptom )
*-P<0.05 ,significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 7:- Effectiveness of beetroot juice on serum iron, CBC and clinical features among adolescent girls with iron deficiency
anemia in Control Group. (n= 30)

Control Experimental Mean „t‟-

Clinical Parameter Posttest posttest difference value P-value
Mean SD Mean SD
Serum iron 35.56 14.6 39.07 14.6 3.51 7.87 p<0.001*
**
Hemoglobin 10.79 0.79 11.26 0.69 0.47 7.13 p<0.001*
**
Hematocrit 35.17 2.34 36.67 2.91 1.5 11.59 p<0.001*
**
Mean corpuscular 73.99 4.26 75.25 4.98 1.26 10.88 p<0.001*
volume (MCV) **
Mean corpuscular 23.7 1.49 24.31 1.65 0.61 7.33 p<0.001*
haemoglobin(MCH) **
Mean Corpuscular haemoglobin 31.25 2.31 32.4 2.21 1.15 8.26 p<0.001*
concentration(MCHC) **
Red cell distribution 17.12 2.95 18.78 3.02 1.66 9.58 p<0.001*
width(RDW) **
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 8:- Effectiveness of Beetroot Juice on Serum Iron and CBC among Adolescent Girls with Iron Deficiency Anemia
n= (30+30=60)

Above table results showed that beetroot juice is effective in improving the levels of Sr. Iron and CBC among adolescent
girls with iron deficiency anemia as expressed in calculated ‘t’-value 11.59 (Hematocrit), 10.88 (MCV), 8.26 (MCHC)
respectively which is found highly significant at the level of p≤0.001. Hence research hypothesis is accepted.

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 689

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Control group Experimental group Mean
Clinical Parameter posttest Posttest difference „t‟-
e value p-value
Mean SD Mean SD

Clinical 5.87 2.08 2.47 2.53 3.4 5.68 p<0.001***

Features
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001, Highly significant
Table 9:- Effectiveness of Beetroot Juice on Clinical Features among Adolescent Girls with Iron Deficiency Anemia
n=(30+30=60)

Table no 5. depicts that beetroot juice is effective in improving the clinical features of iron deficiency anemia among
adolescent girls as expreesed in calculated„t‟-value 5.68 which is found highly significant at the level of p≤0.001. Hence research
hypothesis is accepted.

Control group Experimental group

Demographic Variable ≤median >median ≤median >median
χ2 (df) p-value χ2 (df) p-value
f % F % f % f %
Age(in years)
13-14 0 0 2 6.7 0 0 2 6.7
14-15 8 26.7 6 20 6.46 0.09 7 23.3 7 23.3 4.60
0.204 NS
15-16 1 3.3 3 10 (df=3) NS 1 3.3 3 10 (df=3)
16-17 8 26.7 2 6.7 7 23.3 3 10
Educational status
9th 6 20 3 10 0.526 0.469 8 26.7 9 30 0.13 0.713
11th 11 36.7 10 33.3 (df=1) NS 7 23.3 6 20 (df=1) NS
Have you attained
menarche 1 1
Yes 17 56.7 13 43.3 0 NS 15 50 15 50 0 NS
Age at menarche
12 9 30 5 16.7 0.084 9 30 5 16.7 0.149
3.81
13 7 23.3 3 10 4.96 NS 5 16.7 5 16.7 NS
(df=2)
14 1 3.3 5 16.7 (df=1) 1 3.3 5 16.7
Menstrual regularity
0.713 0.18 0.666
Regular 14 46.7 10 33.3 0.14 12 40 11 36.7
NS (df=1) NS
Irregular 3 10 3 10 (df=1) 3 10 4 13.3
Monthly family income
<5001 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.903 0.637 2 6.7 3 10 1.37
5001-10000 14 46.7 9 30 (df=2) NS 13 43.3 11 36.7 (df=2) 0.505
10001-15000 1 3.3 2 6.7 0 0 1 3.3 NS
Type of family
0.869 0.24 0.624
Joint family 14 46.7 11 36.7 0.027 12 40 13 43.3
NS (df=1) NS
Nuclear family 3 10 2 6.7 (df=1) 3 10 2 6.7
Religion
0.67 0.410 0.37 0.543
Hindu 15 50 10 33.3 13 43.3 14 46.7
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Christian 2 6.7 3 10 2 6.7 1 3.3
Diet
2.91 0.088 2.40 0.121
Vegetarian 4 13.3 7 23.3 7 23.3 3 10
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Non Vegetarian 13 43.3 6 20 8 26.7 12 40
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 10:- Association between serum iron and demographic variables among control and experimental group.
n=( 30+30=60)

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 690

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Control group Experimental group
Demographic ≤median >median χ2 p-value ≤median >median χ2 p-value
Variable F % f % (df) f % f % (df)
1.Age(in years)
13-14 2 6.7 0 0 2 6.7 0 0
14-15 10 33.3 4 13.3 9 30 5 16.7
6.22 0.101 1.52
15-16 3 10 1 3.3 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.678 NS
(df=3) NS (df=3)
16-17 3 10 7 23.3 6 20 4 13.3
Educational status
9th 0.626 0.23 0.626
6 20 3 10 0.238 6 2 3 10
th NS (df=1) NS
11 12 40 9 30 (df=1) 13 40 9 30

Have you attained

menarche 1
1
Yes 18 60 12 40 0 NS 18 60 12 40 0
NS
Age at menarche
12 8 26.7 6 20 8 26.7 6 20
0.158 0.924 0.158 0.924
13 6 20 4 13.3 6 20 4 13.3
(df=2) NS (df=2) NS
14 4 13.3 2 6.7 4 13.3 2 6.7
Menstrual regularity
0.312 0.576 0.315 0.576
Regular 15 50 9 30 15 50 9 30
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Irregular 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10
Monthly family
income 0.23 0.23
2 6.7 2 6.7 0.897 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.897
<5001 (df=2) (df=2)
14 46.7 9 30 NS 14 46.7 9 30 NS
5001-10000
2 6.7 1 3.3 2 6.7 1 3.3
10001-15000
Type of family
1 0.317 1 0.317
Joint family 16 53.3 9 30 16 53.3 9 30
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Nuclear family 2 6.7 3 10 2 6.7 3 10
Religion
0 1 0.015 0.900
Hindu 15 50 10 33.3 17 56.7 10 33.3
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Christian 3 10 2 6.7 2 6.7 1 3.3
Diet
Vegetarian 9 30 2 6.7 3.45 0.063 8 26.7 2 6.7 1.79
0.180 NS
Non Vegetarian 9 30 10 33.3 (df=1 NS 11 36.7 9 30 (df=1)
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 11:- Association between hemoglobin and demographic variables among control and experimental group
n=( 30+30=60)

Control group Experimental group

≤median >median p-value ≤median >median p-value

Demographic χ2 χ2
Variable (df) (df)
f % f % f % f %

Age(in years)
13-14 1 3.3 1 3.3 2 6.7 0 0
14-15 6 20 8 26.7 6 20 8 26.7
0.69 2.56
15-16 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.877 NS 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.464 NS
(df=3) (df=3)
16-17 6 20 4 13.3 6 20 4 13.3

Educational status
9th 0.690 0.961
5 16.7 4 13.3 0.159 9 30 8 26.7 0.0023
th NS NS
11 10 33.3 11 36.7 (df=1) 7 23.3 6 20 (df=1)

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 691

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Have you attained

1 0 1
menarche 0
15 50 15 50 NS 16 53.3 14 46.7 (df=1) NS
Yes (df=1)
Age at menarche
12 7 23.3 7 23.3 8 26.7 6 20
0.01 0.9 0.158
13 5 16.7 5 16.7 5 16.7 5 16.7 0.924 NS
(df=2) NS (df=2)
14 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10
Menstrual regularity
Regular 12 40 12 40 0 1 12 40 11 36.7 0.05 0.818
Irregular 3 10 3 10 (df=1) NS 4 13.3 3 10 (df=1) NS
Monthly
family income
2 6.7 2 6.7 2 6.7 3 10
<5001 0.828
12 40 11 36.7 0.38 13 43.3 11 36.7 1.24 0.538
5001-10000 NS
1 3.3 2 6.7 (df=2) 1 3.3 0 0 (df=2) NS
10001-15000
Type of family
Joint family 13 43.3 12 40 0.24 15 50 10 33.3 2.67 0.102
0.624 NS
Nuclear family 2 6.7 3 10 (df=1) 1 3.3 4 13.3 (df=1) NS
Religion
Hindu 14 46.7 11 36.7 2.16 16 53.3 11 36.7 3.81 0.051
0.142 NS
Christian 1 3.3 4 13.3 (df=1) 0 0 3 10 (df=1) NS
Diet
Vegetarian 4 13.3 7 23.3 1.29 7 23. 3 10 1.67 0.196
0.256 NS
Non vegetarian 11 36.7 8 26.7 (df=1 9 30 11 36.7 (df=1 NS
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001, Highly significant
Table 12:- Association between hematocrit and demographic variables among control and experimental group
n= ( 30+30=60)

Control group Experimental group

≤median >median ≤median >median

Demographic
χ2 (df) p-value χ2 (df) p-value
Variable
f % f % f % F %

Age(in years)
13-14 1 3.3 1 3.3 1 3.3 1 3.3
14-15 5 16.7 9 30 7 23.3 7 23.3
2.54 0.468 0 1
15-16 3 10 1 3.3 2 6.7 2 6.7
(df=3) NS (df=3) NS
16-17 6 20 4 13.3 5 16.7 5 16.7

Educational status
0.232 0.135
9th 3 10 6 20 1.428 8 26.7 9 30 P=0.713
NS (df=1)
11th 13 40 9 30 (df=1) 7 23.3 6 20 NS

Have you attained

1
menarche 1
NS
Yes 15 50 15 50 0 15 50 15 50 0 NS

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 692

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Age at menarche
12 6 20 8 26.7 6 20 8 26.7
0.95 0.621 7.88 0.019*
13 5 16.7 5 16.7 3 10 7 23.3
(df=2) NS (df=2) S
14 4 13.3 2 6.7 6 20 0 0

Menstrual regularity
1 0.195
Regular 12 40 12 40 0 13 43.3 10 33.3 1.67
NS NS
Irregular 3 10 3 10 (df=1) 2 6.7 5 16.7 (df=1)

Monthly family
income
<5001 3 10 1 3.3 4 13.3 1 3.3
5.09 0.079 3.47
5001-10000 9 30 14 46.7 10 33.3 14 46.7 0.177 NS
(df=2) NS (df=2)
10001-15000 3 10 0 0 1 3.3 0 0

Type of family
0.624
Joint family 14 46.7 11 36.7 2.16 0.142 13 43.3 12 40 0.24
NS
Nuclear family 1 3.3 4 13.3 (df=1) NS 2 6.7 3 10 (df=1)

Religion
Hindu 13 43.3 12 40 0.24 0.624 13 43.3 14 46.7 0.37
0.543 NS
Christian 2 6.7 3 10 (df=1) NS 2 6.7 1 3.3 (df=1)
Diet
0.705 0.020*
Vegetarian 5 16.7 6 20 0.14 2 6.7 8 26.7 5.4
NS S
Non Vegetarian 10 33.3 9 30 (df=1) 13 43.3 7 23.3 (df=1)
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 13:- Association between MCV and demographic variables among control and experimental group
n=( 30+30=60)

Control group Experimental group

≤median >median p-value ≤median >median p-value

Demographic χ2 χ2
Variable (df) (df)
F % f % f % f %
Age(in years)
13-14 0 0 2 6.7 2 6.7 0 0
14-15 7 23.3 7 23.3 3.48 12 40 2 6.7
3.84 0.278 NS
15-16 2 6.7 2 6.7 (df=3) 0.323 NS 2 6.7 2 6.7
(df=3)
16-17 7 23.3 3 10 6 20 4 13.3
Educational status
0.408 0.523 1.635 0.201
9th 4 13.3 5 16.7 14 46.7 3 10
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
11th 12 40 9 30 8 26.7 5 16.7
Have you attained
1
menarche 1
NS
Yes 16 53.3 14 46.7 0 22 73.3 8 26.7 0 NS
Age at menarche
12 8 26.7 6 20 9 30 5 16.7
2.82
13 5 16.7 5 16.7 0.15 0.926 NS 7 23.3 3 10 0.244 NS
(df=2)
14 3 10 3 10 (df=2) 6 20 0 0
Menstrual regularity
0.03 0.855 1.22 0.269
Regular 13 43.3 11 36.7 18 60 5 16.7
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Irregular 3 10 3 10 4 13.3 3 10
Monthly family income
<5001 1 3.3 3 10 3.93 0.140 4 13.3 1 3.3 0.55 0.758
5001-10000 12 40 11 36.7 (df=2) NS 17 56.7 7 23.3 (df=2) NS
10001-15000 3 10 0 0 1 3.3 0 0

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 693

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Type of family
0.107 0.743 0.134 0.712
Joint family 13 43.3 12 40 18 60 7 23.3
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Nuclear family 3 10 2 6.7 4 13.3 1 3.3
Religion 2.67
0.102 2.67 0.102
Hindu 15 50 10 33.3 (df=1) 15 50 10 33.3
NS (df=1) NS
Christian 1 3.3 4 13.3 1 3.3 4 13.3
Diet
0.510 4.18 0.041*
Vegetarian 5 16.7 6 20 0.432 5 16.7 5 16.7
NS (df=1) S
Non Vegetarian 11 36.7 8 26.7 (df=1) 17 56.7 3 10
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 14:- Association between MCH and demographic variables among control and experimental group
n=( 30+30=60)

Control group Experimental group

Demographic ≤median >median p-value ≤median >median p-value
χ2 (df) χ2 (df)
Variable f % f % f % f %
Age(in years)
13-14 1 3.3 1 3.3 1 3.3 1 3.3
14-15 10 33.3 4 13.3 13 43.3 1 3.3
6.15 0.104 16.98 0.001*
15-16 1 3.3 3 10 0 0 4 13.3
(df=3) NS (df=3) S
16-17 9 30 1 3.3 9 30 1 3.3
Educational status
0.068 0.794 0.709 0.400
9th 6 20 3 10 14 46.7 3 10
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
11th 15 50 6 20 9 30 4 13.3
Have you
attained menarche 1 1
7
Yes 21 70 9 30 0 NS 23 76.7 23.3 0 NS
Age at menarche
12 10 33.3 4 13.3 11 36.7 3 10
1.63 0.442
13 8 26.7 2 6.7 8 26.7 2 6.7 0.43 0.808 NS
(df=2) NS
14 3 10 3 10 4 13.3 2 6.7 (df=2)
Menstrual regularity
Regular 17 56.7 7 23.3 0.03 0.842 18 60 5 16.7 0.14
0.708 NS
Irregular 4 13.3 2 6.7 (df=1) NS 5 16.7 2 6.7 (df=1)
Monthly family
income
<5001
2 6.7 2 6.7 2 6.7 3 10
5001-10000 3.43 8.62 0.013*
18 60 5 16.7 0.180 NS 21 70 3 10
10001-15000 (df=2) (df=2) S
1 3.3 2 6.7 0 0 1 3.3
Type of family
Joint family 17 56.7 8 26.7 0.287 19 63.3 6 20 0.037
0.593 NS 0.842 NS
Nuclear family 4 13.3 1 3.3 (df=1) 4 13.3 1 3.3 (df=1)
Religion
Hindu 17 56.7 8 26.7 0.286 20 66.7 7 23.3 1.01 0.314
0.593 NS
Christian 4 13.3 1 3.3 (df=1) 3 10 0 0 (df=1) NS
Diet
Vegetarian
8 26.7 3 10 0.06 0.804 NS 7 23.3 3 10 0.37 0.543 NS
Non Vegetarian
13 43.3 6 20 (df=1 16 53.3 4 13.3 (df=1
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 15:- Association between MCHC and demographic variables among control and experimental group
n=( 30+30=60)

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 694

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Control group Experimental group

Demographic ≤median >median χ2 p-value ≤median >median χ2 p-value

Variable f % F % (df) f % f % (df)
Age(in years)
13-14 1 3.3 1 3.3 2 6.7 0 0
14-15 7 23.3 7 23.3 9 30 5 16.7
0.267 7.85 0.049*
15-16 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.966 NS 4 13.3 0 0
(df=3) (df=3) S
16-17 6 20 4 13.3 3 10 7 23.3
Educational status
0.334 1.83 P=0.176
9th 6 20 3 10 0.918 12 40 5 16.7
NS (df=1) NS
11th 10 33.3 11 36.7 (df=1) 6 20 7 23.3
Have you attained
menarche 1 NS
16 53.3 14 46.7 0 1 NS 0
Yes 18 60 12 40
4.Age at menarche
12 5 16.7 9 30 9 30 5 16.7
4.09 0.63
13 6 20 4 13.3 0.129 NS 5 16.7 5 16.7
(df=2) (df=2) 0.728 NS
14 5 16.7 1 3.3 4 13.3 2 6.7
Menstrual regularity
1.205 0.272 7.95 0.005*
Regular 14 46.7 10 33.3 17 56.7 6 20
(df=1) NS (df=1) S
Irregular 2 6.7 4 13.3 1 3.3 6 20
Monthly family
income
0.885 1.84 0.398
<5001 2 6.7 2 6.7 0.244 4 13.3 1 3.3
NS (df=2) NS
5001-10000 12 40 11 36.7 (df=2) 13 43.3 11 36.7
10001-15000 2 6.7 1 3.3 1 3.3 6 0
Type of family
0.107 0.743 1 0.317
Joint family 13 43.3 12 40 14 46.7 11 36.7
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Nuclear family 2 10 2 6.7 4 13.3 1 3.3
Religion
1.714 0.190 2.22 0.136
Hindu 12 40 13 43.3 15 50 12 40
(df=1) NS (df=1) NS
Christian 4 13.3 1 3.3 3 10 0 0
Diet
2.009 0.156 0.429
Vegetarian 4 13.3 7 23.3 5 16.7 5 16.7 0.625
(df=1) NS NS
Non Vegetarian 12 40 7 23.3 13 43.3 7 23.3 (df=1)
*-P<0.05, significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 16:- Association between RDW and demographic variables among control and experimental group
n=( 30+30=60)

Control group Experimental group

Demographic ≤Median >Median χ2 ≤ Median >Median χ2
p-value p-value
Variables F % f % (df) f % f % (df)
Age(in years)
13-14 2 6.7 0 0 2 6.7 0 0
14-15 10 33.3 4 13.3 9 30 5 16.7
0.89 1.54
15-16 3 10 1 3.3 0.827 NS 3 10 1 3.3 0.672 NS
(df=3) (df=3)
16-17 8 26.7 2 6.7 8 26.7 2 6.7
Educational status
0.397 0.697
9th 6 20 3 10 0.718 12 40 5 16.7 0.15
NS NS
11th 17 56.7 4 13.3 (df=1) 10 33.3 3 10 (df=1)
Have you attained
1 1
menarche
23 23.3 NS 76.7 0 NS
Yes 76.7 7 0 23 7 23.3
Age at menarche
12 12 40 2 6.7 2.34 12 40 2 6.7
2.14
13 6 20 4 13.3 (df=2) 0.310 NS 6 20 4 13.3 0.343 NS
(df=2)
14 5 16 1 3.3 4 13.3 2 6.7

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 695

Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Menstrual regularity
Regular 18 60 6 20 0.18 17 56.7 6 20 0.01
0.666 NS 0.896 NS
Irregular 5 16.7 1 3.3 (df=1) 5 16.7 2 6.7 (df=1)
Monthly family
income
<5001 3 10 1 3.3 5 16.7 0 0
0.206 4.65
5001-10000 18 60 5 16.7 0.902 NS 17 56.7 7 23.3 0.098 NS
(df=2) (df=2)
10001-15000 2 6.7 1 3.3 0 0 1 3.3
Type of family
Joint family 21 70 4 13.3 4.51 0.03* 20 66.7 5 16.7 3.41 0.065
Nuclear family 2 6.7 3 10 (df=1) S 2 6.7 3 10 (df=1) NS
Religion
Hindu 20 66.7 5 16.7 0.931 0.334 NS 21 70 6 20 2.72
0.099 NS
Christian 3 10 2 6.7 (df=1) 1 3.3 2 6.7 (df=1)
Diet
Vegetarian 8 26.7 3 10 0.15 6 20 4 13.3 1.36
0.698 NS 0.243 NS
Non Vegetarian 9 50 4 13.3 (df=1) 16 53.3 4 13.3 (df=1)
*-P<0.05 significant and **-P<0.01 &***-P<0.001 , Highly significant
Table 17:- Association between clinical features and demographic variables among control and experimental pretest group
n=(30+30)60

IV. CONCLUSION [8]. Resmi. S, Fathima Latheef, R.Vijayaraghavan.

Effectiveness of Herbal Extract in Enhancing the
The study can be concluded that beetroot juice can be Level of HB among Adolescent Girls with Iron
used to improve the serum iron and CBC and helps to Deficiency Anemia at Selected Higher Secondary
reducing clinical features of iron deficiency anemia. Schools at Bangalore. International Journal of Health
Sciences & Research; October 2016; 6 (10):174 ISSN:
REFERENCES 2249-9571
[9]. National Family Health Survey - 4 2015 -16, State
[1]. WHO, Definition of Health. [Internet]. August, 2011. Fact Sheet Dadra & Nagar Haveli.1-6.
[last update on September 10, 2014]; available from: [10]. E. Lakshmi, Parvathy Easwaran E, Saraswathy. An
https://apps.who.int/aboutwho/en/definition.html Intervention Study to Combat Iron Deficiency
[2]. Veena Melwani, Manju Dubey, Amreen Khan, Manju Anaemia in Adolescent Girls - Food Fortification
Toppo, Yachana Choudhary, Angelin Priya. A study Strategy. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia,
to assess the prevalence of anaemia amongst June 2016;13 (2):1141-1146.
adolescent girls residing in selected slum of Bhopal [11]. Dr. N. Gayathri Priya, M. Malarvizhi, Annal Jega
city. International Journal of Community Medicine Jothi. Beet root juice on haemoglobin among
and Public Health. 2018 March; 5(3):1096-1099, DOI: adolescent girls. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health
http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394- Science, sep-oct 2013;2(1):9-13.
6040.ijcmph20180767 [12]. The state of the world‟s Children 2011: Adolescence
[3]. Marilyn J Hokenberry, David Wilson. Essential of –An Age of Opportunity” (UNICEF) [Internet]. Jan
paediatritric nursing. Elsevier India Pvt Ltd 2012.Available from:
publication: 2009. https://www.unicef.org/sowc2011/
[4]. Chetna Maliye, Bishan Swaruo Garg. Adolescent
health and adolescent health programs in India.
Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical
Sciences. Sep 2017.
[5]. Adolescent health [Internet]. August 2017 [LAST
UPDATED: Feb 22, 2019]. Available from:
https://www.aplustopper.com/changes-adolescence-
puberty/
[6]. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of
anemia and assessment of severity, World Health
Organization. [Internet]. 2007. Available from:
https://r.search.yahoo.com
[7]. Anil Kumar, Akhilesh Goyal, Niket Verma, Ashwin
Mahesh. Study of anemia among adolescent school
girls and young adults.International Journal of
Advances in Medicine.2018 Aug;5(4):877-881,DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20182753

IJISRT20APR740 www.ijisrt.com 696