MANTHAN REPORT 2019

ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY

National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030
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CONTENTS

01. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 2

02. GROSS VALUE ADDED FROM LIVESTOCK SECTOR .......................................... 3
03. MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA .......................................................................... 4
04. MAJOR PLAYERS IN INDIAN AND WORLD DAIRY ........................................... 5
05. DAIRY IN NEWS .............................................................................................. 6

06. STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN ............................................................................... 9

07. POULTRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA ...................................................................... 11
08. MEAT INDUSTRY IN INDIA ............................................................................ 13

09. BEE KEEPING ................................................................................................. 15

10. SERICULTURE ................................................................................................ 16
11. FEED INDUSTRY ............................................................................................ 17

National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030

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INTRODUCTION

Animal Husbandry has always been a very important aspect of Indian rural agricultural scenario
through its indispensable contribution to the economy be it rural or overall national economy at
large. Livestock sector provides additional income to the farming community, which is exposed to
very high crop production and price risks. Apart from relatively stable additional income, it also
provides employment opportunity to the distressed farming community. It can be therefore said
that animal husbandry plays a pivotal role in the agriculture and its place in Indian agriculture is
irreplaceable.

“If agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, Livestock is the backbone of Indian agriculture”

What is Animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry is an art of breeding and
rearing animals for the benefit of human society.
The word ‘Animal Husbandry’ applies primarily to
cattle or dairy cows, buffalo, chickens, goats,
pigs, horses and sheep. Today, even animals like
donkeys, mules, rabbits and insects such as bees
are being raised as part of it.

Animal Wealth in India

India is enriched with one of the largest diversity
of animal wealth in the world. At present, there
are 37 recognized breeds of cow, 13 of buffaloes,
39 of sheep, 24 of goats, 6 of horses, 8 of camels,
2 of pigs 1 of donkeys and 15 of poultry in India.
The livestock census in India is carried out once

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every five years. The 19th livestock census was carried out in the year 2012 and encompassed all
States and Union Territories covering all villages, towns and wards in the country. As compared to
the 18th Livestock Census, there has been an overall decline of 3.33 percent in the total livestock
population in the country. The total livestock population including cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat,
pigs, horses and ponies, mules, donkeys, camels, mithun and yaks, was 512.20 million in 2012. The
total poultry population, including fowls, ducks, turkeys and others, was 729.20 million.

Gross Value Added from Livestock Sector at Current Prices

During the year 2016-17, percentage share of agriculture and allied sector in India’s Gross Value
Added (GVA) was 17.9%, and that of livestock sector was 4.6%, which is more than 6.3 lakh crore
rupees. Table 1 shows the contribution of different components of the livestock sector and its input
industry (in crore Rupees).
Value of Output from Livestock sector - At current prices in Rs. Crore
Item 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016-
12 13 14 15 16 17
1 Milk Group 327767 372228 423150 495835 560777 614387
2 Meat Group 96219 114995 136663 154152 173840 194454
2.1 Meat 88469 105828 126211 142195 160893 179951
2.1.1 Beef 11754 14324 16596 20587 24973 25332
2.1.2 Mutton 32667 38878 44212 50176 53370 60757
2.1.3 Pork 4465 4886 5783 6119 5387 6737
2.1.4 Poultry Meat 39583 47740 59620 65313 77164 87124
2.2 Meat Products 3346 3975 4539 5244 5642 6320
2.3 By-Products 4404 5192 5914 6713 7305 8183
2.3.1 Hides 1887 2213 2546 2852 3159 3597
2.3.2 Skins 1189 1396 1561 1760 1861 2044
2.3.3 Other By Products 1328 1583 1807 2101 2285 2542
3 Eggs 16633 19690 22708 24382 26274 29557
4 Wool & hair 496 539 584 578 542 606
5 Dung 32599 40453 43079 45455 48451 50883
6 Silk Worm Cocoonsand Honey 4326 4947 6286 6930 7419 7774
7 Increment in Stock 9710 12086 13708 15474 17854 20249
Value of Output from Livestock 487751 564937 646178 742807 835157 917910
Sector
Source: National Accounts Statistics-2018, Central Statistical Organisation, GoI
Table 01

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MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA

According to the data in 2012 India has the largest cattle population of 191 million in the world. Milk
production was just 55.6 million tons (MT) in 1992. The annual growth rate was only 1.2 percent
during 1950s and 1960s, which increased to 4.3 percent, propelling India to be the largest milk
producer in the world since 1998. A national milk grid is established where annually, over 13 million
tons of milk is procured. In 2017- 18, milk output increased to 176.3 MT and procurement of 42.162
million Kg per day. India is also one of the largest consumers of milk and milk products in the world
and the industry size is estimated at Rs.430 billion.

National Dairy Plan

On 19th April 2012, the NDDB launched a 15-year perspective National Dairy Plan envisaging an outlay
of Rs.173 billion which aims at increasing the productivity of milch animals by adopting focused
scientific and systematic processes
and help rural milk producers
greater access to the organized
milk processing sector. It will cover
about 1.2 million milk producers in
23,800 villages and aims at
increasing milk procurement by
cooperatives from current level of
30% to 65% in next 15 years.

Growth rate of Milk Production in India

Milk production in India took a huge leap after the Operation Flood of 1970, since then the rise of
cooperatives and large-scale extension services has pushed the Indian Dairy sector to become the
global leader. Annual increase in milk production is 6.3 percent during 2014-18 period while annual
increase in milk production during the period 2010-14 was 4 percent. Annual growth of milk
production is estimated to rise to 9 percent by the year 2022.

Per Capita Milk Availability & Per Capita Availability

Per Capita milk availability has come a long way up from 130 grams/day in 1950-51 to 375 gram/day
in the year 2017-18 as compared to the average world per capita availability of 229 grams/day.
About 78 percent farmers in India are small and marginal, who own about 75 percent of female
bovine but own only 40 percent farm land. The small and marginal farmers & landless labourer
produce about one to three litres of milk per day and are responsible for production of most of the
milk for the country.

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Source: APEDA, DGCIS

National Milk Day

26th November, marks the birthday of Dr. Verghese Kurien, known as the father of the White
Revolution in India. The day is observed as National Milk Day. Dr. Kurien, fondly referred to as the
‘Milkman of India’ is remembered for helping turn the country into the world’s largest milk producer.
He has won many awards including the Padma Vibhushan, the World Food Prize and the Magsaysay
Award. Kurien was founder-chairman of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and the
Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF).

Top Dairy Companies in India

120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

Market Capitalization (Rs. Cr)

Source: Money Control

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Top Global Dairy Companies by Turnover (2018)

Dairy Industry in News

Dairy farmers call for procurement price hike

A group of dairy farmers in the Kozhikode district of Kerala under the aegis of the Primary Milk
Societies Association took out a march and staged a dharna in front of the Milma dairy plant at
Chuzhaly, Kerala on Saturday, raising a slew of demands including a hike in the milk procurement
price. The Central government had recently listed the dairy industry under the industrial sector and
such a move would adversely affect thousands of marginal farmers in the country, he said. Hence, the
government should reconsider placing the dairy industry under the agriculture sector, he said. The
prices of fodder and cattle feed had increased considerably in the past few years, but the farm gate
price of milk was yet to be revised.

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If the government could not hike the price, it should adopt steps to ensure that dairy farmers were
getting incentives throughout the year with financial assistance from Milma, the Dairy Development
Department, and the three-tier local administrative bodies, he said.

(Source, Image Courtesy: The Hindu)

The protesters also raised demands such as resumption of the insurance policies implemented by
Milma and hike in the chilling and transportation charges.

Union Interim Budget 2019-20 for Dairy Industry

Finance Minister Piyush Goyal announced 2% interest subvention for farmers engaged in animal
husbandry and fisheries who take loan through the
Kisan Credit Card scheme. Further, in case of timely
repayment of loan, they will get an additional 3%
interest subvention.

A large number of farmers, especially women working

in dairy and fisheries, would be able to benefit from
the proposed 2% interest subvention for loans taken
through the Kisan Credit Card scheme which was
earlier applicable only to crop loans, said Harsh Kumar
Bhanwala, chairman, National Bank for Agriculture
and Rural Development.
(Source: Economic Times, Image Courtesy: The Hindu)

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5G network will initially be used to monitor cows

As the world readies ultra-fast 5G wireless networks to power driverless cars, remote surgeries and
advanced robotics, India will explore how the new technology can work for cows.

One of India’s first 5G use case labs will be dedicated for monitoring cows and dairy development, a
high-level government panel decided on 4 July. The 5G Implementation Oversight Committee, which
has representation from the department of telecommunications (DoT), besides a few academics, had
met to review the recommendations of the 5G High Level Forum.

DoT, which is finalizing India’s road map for trials and commercial roll-out of 5G, plans to set up the
lab, along with the department of science and technology and the National Dairy Development Board.
5G has several unique attributes that promise to make this a larger play. The 5G spectrum guarantees
high throughput, meaning it can carry huge amounts of data. It has low latency, which means there
will be almost zero delay before data transfer begins following an instruction for its transfer. This
would make possible tracking and analysing a large amount of data on a real-time basis, topped up
with live 4K camera surveillance.

Similar to Fitbits for humans, wearable sensors can be attached to cows that would monitor their
health, food intake and breeding, creating an Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem that would use the
collected data to make predictions on milk yield.

Fonterra Future plans to roll out dairy products in India

Fonterra Future Dairy, a joint venture between global dairy nutrition firm Fonterra Co-operative
group and FMCG company Future Consumer, has tied up with Baramati-based contract manufacturer
Schreiber Dynamix Dairies for processing its dairy products. New Zealand-based dairy farming
company Fonterra plans to hit the western market with its products early July, and target a pan-India
launch over a period of time.

Sunil Sethi, MD, Fonterra, said quality is

the biggest concern for dairy consumers,
and the company will use its global
expertise to ensure that it delivers best-
quality products. Sharing the company’s
experience of entering the Sri Lankan
market, he added that Fonterra works
with over 450,000 farmers and
processes 45,000 litres of milk daily.

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Fonterra works closely with the farmers to improve the productivity by imbibing best practices and
ensures farmers practice them through dedicated supply relation officers, said Sethi.

In Sri Lanka, the company has set up a demonstration farm with 40 cows to enlighten farmers on the
productivity improvement process. The company has already achieved 52 percent market share in
the island nation. Ishmeet Singh, CEO, Fonterra Future Dairy, said the company plans to ride on the
distribution network established by the Future group.

The Future Group expects its revenue from dairy products to increase to ₹6,000 crore from ₹800 crore
in seven years, with the JV launching new value-added offerings, including milk-based protein
products.

Challenges in the Dairy farming in India

• Scattered land and cattle holdings make provisions of extension services and technology
transfer a herculean task and are big impediment towards investments in backend infrastructure
development.
• Access to institutional credit for small holder dairy farmers is hampered due to cumbersome
and complex procedures, lack of collaterals and financial literacy.
• Rapid shrinkage and degradation of grazing land has resulted in green fodder shortage. Lack
of knowledge on feed management, indiscriminate grazing on common property resources and
wastelands have led to negative environmental footprints.
• Disease and health management of cattle is one of the most neglected areas. Lack of qualified
veterinarians and para vets, inadequate medical facilities and curative approach adopted by the
farmers to treat various livestock ailments drastically hit the production system.
• Although India has the largest single artificial insemination (AI) network in the world, its
delivery services are inefficient and of poor quality. Improper genetic evaluation and lack of record
keeping have resulted into generation of inferior quality progenies.
• Lack of access to organized marketing channel.

Strategic Action Plan

- Infrastructure and R&D
To become globally competitive, India will need to create an efficient supply chain network through
significant investment in infrastructure and human resources. R&D efforts need to be intensified for
sustaining the cost of production, increasing milk yield per animal and its quality, fodder productivity
and risk mitigation.

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- Innovation
This requires developing innovative farming models and motivating a large number of small milk
producers to adopt them. Linking the production system to the consumer demand and processing
units requires a robust value chain, wide research and technology introduction.

- Safety Standards
The share of the supply or production should conform to the domestic, if not global food safety
standards to check adulteration, lack of awareness and rigorous enforcement of Food Safety
Standards and inadequate infrastructure comprising technology and trained manpower.

- Feed Management
Application of technology to produce large scale feed blocks, feed enzymes and other innovative feed
resources, needs to be deployed. Effective implementation of the Ration Balancing Program of NDDB
and Accelerated Fodder Development Program of the Government can ensure better feed availability
and improved nutrition.

- Veterinary Services
An authentic, updated database for diseases is required for identification, onward prevention and
control. Infrastructure of vaccine and diagnostic production units, semen stations and breeding farms
that are largely owned by the government can take help from private sector.

- Processing and Export

India contributes about 17 percent of the global milk output but its share in global export is
insignificant at 0.4 percent. A large quantity of milk still remains unprocessed.

- Artificial Insemination
At present, there are 51 semen stations in India with a production capacity of 81 million doses /year
against the current demand of 100 million doses for bovine semen and 150 million doses in the next
few years. Most of the semen stations cater to the demand for buffalo semen and germplasm of
exotic and cross bred cattle. The country needs to increase trained manpower including veterinary
personnel to provide quick services, provide quality equipment and appropriate training.

- Best Practices
Resourceful farmers in India can be motivated and incentivized to learn best and successful practices
being followed in other countries. For example, Super Cows in Israel produce 12,000 litres milk a year
because of superior breeding techniques, balanced nutrition, and management practices including
better health care.

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POULTRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA

The Indian poultry market, consisting of broilers and eggs was worth INR 1,750 Billion in 2018. The
market is further projected to reach INR 4,340 Billion by 2024, growing at a CAGR of 16.2% during
2019-2024.

India today is the one of the world's largest producer of eggs and broiler meat. The poultry industry
in India has undergone a major shift in structure and operation during the last two decades
transforming from a mere backyard activity into a major industry with the presence of a large number
of integrated players. This transformation has involved a sizeable investment in breeding, hatching,
rearing and processing activities.

Annual growth rate of Egg production and Per Capita Egg Consumption (PCEC)

(Source: Suguna analysis, Censusindia)

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In layer (egg), it is estimated that 220 Million birds are in production cycle currently and the egg
production is around 70 Billion in 2017. The four southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala
and Tamil Nadu - account for about 45 percent of the country’s egg production, with a per capita
consumption of 57 eggs and 0.5 kg of broiler meat. The eastern and central regions of India account
for about 20 percent of egg production, with a per capita consumption of 18 eggs and 0.13 kg of
broiler meat.

Poultry Meat Consumption and Per Capita and Consumption of Meat

(Source: Suguna analysis, Censusindia)

Opportunities of Growth:
• Government policies relating to investments in poultry and related industries, taxation, import
duties, excise duties are favourable.
• Increase in income generation in the rural poor and marginal farmers. Consumer awareness
and acceptability of eggs and chicken as good source of protein and healthy food is increasing.
• The country has developed strong development network to provide necessary support by
building CPDO’s (Central Poultry Development Organization) in different regions of India.

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Poultry industry needs greater integration, better cost-effectiveness and improvement in the
distribution. Poultry industry in India needs good branding system in order to increase the
consumption of chicken. The poultry companies have to encourage direct procurement of maize from
the farmers by using contract farming, models that are currently use in oilseeds and wheat. The feed
cost can be reduced by integration and even small reduction per kg of feed can make the difference
in the net realization.

MEAT INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Meat production is estimated at 6.3 million tons,

standing 5th in world’s meat production and accounts
for 3% of the total world meat production of 220
million tons. Buffaloes contribute majority of the meat
production and exports in the country. India is the
largest exporter of buffalo meat and third largest
exporter of meat after Brazil & Australia.

In spite of big potential because of large livestock population, the meat industry has not taken its due
share on account of negative perceptions. Although India has acquired number one status in the world
contributing 13% of the world’s total milk production, the meat production which jibes well with
dairying, is still lagging behind at 5th position. The growth of livestock sector was much faster than
crop between 1981 and 2006, livestock sector grew at rate of 3.9% annually while crop sector grew
by 2.8%. Meat is a valuable commodity and an important source of protein. The meat availability in
India is only about 15g/person/day against the ICMR recommendation of 30g/person/day.

Total Meat production in India

Meat production in India has gone up from 1.9 million tons in 1998-99 to 7.4 million tons in 2016-
17.

Growth rate of Meat Production

Though the yearly production of meat in the country has increased, the growth rate has slowed down
because of political hurdles in the state of UP, the country’s largest meat producer and exporter.

Meat sector plays an important role in India as it not only provides meat and by-products for human
consumption but also contributes towards sustainable livestock development, employment,
developed secondary industries and livelihood security for millions of men and women from weaker
sections. Major portion of meat from sheep, goat, pig and poultry is primarily used for domestic
consumption in the form of fresh meat. Certain portion of meat from buffaloes, cattle and sheep is

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exported in frozen and chilled form. Meat production and supply of meat for local consumption is the
most neglected sector in the country. Meat is sold in open premises leading to contamination from
dirt, dust, flies and other pollutants.

(Sources: Annual report 2016-17, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture &
Farmers Welfare, Government of India)

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The traditional production systems and the unorganized practices have ruined and flawed the image
of the Indian meat industry. An Indian meat industry based on scientific and mechanized lines is
needed for benefiting livestock producers, processors and finally consumers. Indian meat contains
less fat and the present international trend is favourable for low fat meat.

BEE KEEPING IN INDIA

Beekeeping is being undertaken by farmers/landless labourers in rural areas as an integrated farming

practice. Beekeeping supplements income generation and nutritional intake of rural population.
Though, the honeybees are best known for the honey they produce, their economic role in nature is
to pollinate millions of flowering plants and assure setting of seed or fruit.

As per 2016-17 estimates, about 30 lakh bee colonies

will produce 94.5 thousand metric tonnes of honey.
Yields of honey per colony with supers (20 frames) has
increased to 25 kg per annum in 2015-16 from 18-20
kg per annum in 2014-15. In 2015-16 KVIC targeted
training of 2 lakh people in beekeeping and support
new beekeepers under Entrepreneurship
Development Programme under PMEGP.

The major markets for Indian

honey are Germany, USA, UK,
Japan, France, Italy, Spain etc.
In India, per capita per year
consumption is about 10 g. There
are 15 countries in the world
which account for the 90% of the
world honey production. The per
capita consumption of honey in
world, on an average, is 250-300
g. In Asia, Japan has the highest
per capita honey consumption i.e.
about 600 g. The honey

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consumption in some of the countries where it is considered as a food, for example, in Germany, is >
2000 g per capita per annum.
SERICULTURE IN INDIA

India is the 2nd largest producer of silk in the world after

China, and also the largest consumer of silk in the world. It
is the only country in the world that produces all 5 varieties
of silk on commercial scale and holds the global monopoly
for production of golden ‘Muga’ silk. The major mulberry
silk producing states are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West
Bengal, TN and J&K which together account for 96% of
country’s total mulberry raw silk production.

Total raw silk production in the country by the end of 2017-

18 stands at 31906 compared to 30348 MT in 2016-17,
thereby recording an increase of 5.1%. Out of the
cumulative raw silk production in the country, mulberry
sector contributed, a total of 22066 MT compared to
21273 MT in 2016-17.

Source: Central Silk Board

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FEED INDUSTRY

Animal feed plays a vital role in the food chain as feed is

one of the most crucial contributor in ensuring safe,
abundant and affordable animal protein. Incessant
population growth and rising affordability has surged
demand for animal protein in India. Animal feed
industry deals with food given to animals in cattle,
poultry and aquaculture sector as part of animal
husbandry. Indian feed industry predominantly caters
to cattle and poultry feed segment. Although animal
feed industry in India is almost five decades old, the
industry is still in its infancy with high reliance on
imports.

Growth of Indian animal feed market is propelled by rise in demand for animal protein, surge in dairy
products consumption and growth of livestock population. However, there are various factors
restraining growth of the market which includes high import duties on feed ingredients, vague
regulatory regime, volatility in raw material prices and frequent disease outbreak. The market is
characterized by leading trends such advent of non-traditional feed ingredients, genetically modifies
animal feed and technological innovation in the industry.

Indian Animal
Feed Market

Poultry (55%) Cattle (11%) Aqua (14%) Others (20%)

Indian feed industry is presently growing at a CAGR of 8 percent. Poultry, aqua and dairy industry
occupy the major share in overall feed demand. While the potential feed requirement is huge and
stands at around 96 million tonnes, only 20.3 million tonnes was produced during 2012-13. There is
a huge scope for the growth in the sector, with industry becoming more organized. With this growth
rate India will soon become the largest feed market in the coming years. The feed industry
requirements that are met with the compound feed are only 11 percent for cattle, 14 percent for
aqua feed and 55 percent for poultry feed.

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Major Companies in Animal Feed Sector in India

Poultry Feed
Poultry Feed in India consists of grains like maize, wheat, sorghum, bajra, ragi and broken rice; grain
by products like rice polish, deoiled rice bran and maize gluten meal; oilseed meals from soybeans,
mustard, groundnut and sunflower; animal protein sources like fish meal, whole fish, meat and bone
meal, poultry by-product meal; vitamins, minerals and various feed additives.

In broilers, three types of feeds – pre-starter, starter and finisher are used. In layers, chick mash,
grower mash and two-three types of layer mash are used. In case of broilers in India, an estimated 9-
10 million MT of feed was produced in 2013 of which almost 80 percent was produced in pellet form
and balance 20 percent in mash form.
The distribution system in case of commercial broiler and layer feed is through dealers and
distributors to small and medium farmers. In case of few states in south, feed millers are supplying
directly to large farmers. In case of large poultry integrators, they manufacture their own feeds. Some
of the integrators purchase premixes, specialty feeds and concentrates.

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Facts and figures

• Poultry Feed accounts for 58 percent of the total feed market in India.
• Poultry feed consumption has increased from 7 percent in 2007-08 to 8 percent in 2012-13
• The current demand for poultry feed in India is almost 22 million tons
• The broiler industry has been considered the strongest driver behind the development of feed
industry in India, benefiting largely from the presence of integrators (70% of the total industry) and a
shorter production cycle

Cattle Feed Industry

Feeding systems in India is prevalent small dairying primarily based on grazing of native pastures of
low nutritive value. Cattle and buffalo are usually fed on wheat, paddy, millet, sugarcane tops and
other straws and stovers. These are supplemented with small quantity of grass available from grazing.
Very limited amount of concentrate is fed to the animals.
India is the largest milk producer in the world, producing 133 million tons in 2012/13 and is driving
the feed industry at 7.5 million tons for dairy. However, the compound feed for dairy industry in highly
underpenetrated.

Global Overview of Feed Industry

 Total feed production- 1069.66 MT (34.24MT
in India)
 Estimated annual turnover - US $400 billion
 31627 Mills (1201 in India)

Conclusion
Feed sector in India is clearly at an inflection point
currently and is poised for a glorious future.
• The emergence of modern dairies ranging
from 50 animals to upwards of 500 animals is
progressing across India
• Exports of aqua products are on the increase
and India is a leading player of South Asia currently
• Poultry segment is seeing a high growth
trajectory due to increase of home consumption as well as Quick Service Restaurants

All these have led to an increased usage of high quality raw material for feed across all sub segments
in India. However, the following points have to be factored in:

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• Disease outbreaks are common and remain the single largest challenge for the poultry, cattle
and seafood segments
• Indigenous dairy breeds may not respond to compound feed effectively, which leads to
farmers' reluctance to use formulated rations for their cattle
• Lack of awareness and low hygiene conditions add up to the overall health of livestock

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REFERENCES:

1. Central Statistical Office

2. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries
3. Money control
4. Dairyinfo.com
5. National Bee Board
6. Central Silk Board
7. ResearchGate
8. FAO

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An initiative by
Academic Committee
2018-2020
National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad: 500030

MANAGE Hyderabad MANTHAN Report 2019