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This document contains 6 questions regarding fluid mechanics concepts like flow over immersed bodies, boundary layer thickness, drag calculation, and lift and drag forces. Question 1 asks to calculate average shear stress and drag coefficient for flow over a 2D bar. Question 2 asks to calculate drag force on a flat plate given a velocity profile in the boundary layer. Question 3 asks to calculate boundary layer thickness at a distance from a flat plate's leading edge. Question 4 asks to estimate skin friction drag and power required for a supertanker cruising at 13 knots. Questions 5-6 involve calculating drag, lift and their comparison when shear stress is considered vs neglected.

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267 views

Tutorial 1

This document contains 6 questions regarding fluid mechanics concepts like flow over immersed bodies, boundary layer thickness, drag calculation, and lift and drag forces. Question 1 asks to calculate average shear stress and drag coefficient for flow over a 2D bar. Question 2 asks to calculate drag force on a flat plate given a velocity profile in the boundary layer. Question 3 asks to calculate boundary layer thickness at a distance from a flat plate's leading edge. Question 4 asks to estimate skin friction drag and power required for a supertanker cruising at 13 knots. Questions 5-6 involve calculating drag, lift and their comparison when shear stress is considered vs neglected.

Uploaded by

Amal J Adhikaram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENG480: Applied Fluid Mechanics

Tutorial 1: Flow over Immersed Bodies

Question 1 (p9.2)
Fluid flows past the two-dimensional bar shown in the figure. The pressures on the ends of
the bar are as shown and the average shear stress on the top and bottom of the bar is τavg.
Assume that the drag due to pressure is equal to the drag due to viscous effects, (a) Determine
τavg in terms of dynamic pressure, ρU2/2. (b) Determine the drag coefficient for this object.

Question 2
The velocity profile in a boundary layer at the downstream end of a flat plate is found to
conform to the equation u/U = (y/)1/8. At the end of the plate U is 6.1m/s and  is 0.3m.
Calculate the drag force (per unit width of the plate) exerted on one side of this plate if the
fluid density is 1031kg/m3.

Question 3
Air of density 1.225kg/m3 flows at 20m/s over a flat plate. It is found that the critical
Reynolds Number, Recrit, is 3.2 x 105. Calculate the boundary layer thickness at distance 2m
from the plate leading edge. [υ = 1.5 x 10-5m2/s].
 4.64  0.646
For fully laminar boundary flow:  ; 
x Re x x Re x
 0.370  0.646
For fully turbulent boundary flow:  ; 
x Re1/x 5 x Re1/ 5

Question 4
A supertanker is 360m long and has a beam width of 70m and a draft of 25m. Estimate the
force and power required to overcome skin friction drag at a cruising speed of 13kt in sea
water at 100C (Kinematic viscosity of sea water = 1.37 x 10-6 m2/s; Density of seawater =
1020 kg/m3). Note: 1kt = 1.852km/hr.

Assumptions: Since the tanker is essentially rectangular in shape, we may neglect the effects
due to both the bow and the stern. Hence the tanker hull may be represented by one side of a
flat plate of width = 2*(draft) + beam. Consider the hull surface to be smooth and the critical
Reynolds number is 500,000.
Question 5
If air drag accounts for only 18% of the total resistance of a tractor-trailer with CD = 0.70,
what power is required to drive this rig at 87km/h? Using the same power, how much faster
can the rig go with an air shield that cuts the drag coefficient to 0.50? Assume that the frontal
area of the truck is 9m2.

Question 6 (p9.5)
The average pressure and shear stress acting on the surface of the 1m square flat plate are as
indicated below. Determine the lift and drag generated. Determine the lift and drag if the
shear stress is neglected. Compare these two sets of results.

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