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Edexcel - IAS - Atomic Structure - 1

1. The document contains questions about atomic structure and properties of elements based on their position in the periodic table. It includes questions about ionization energies, isotopes, electronic configurations, ionic radii, and trends in properties like melting points across periods and down groups. 2. Questions involve interpreting graphs of ionization energies to determine elements' groups, deducing ions formed and their stability, identifying isotopes and numbers of neutrons, and explaining trends in properties across the periodic table. 3. Multiple choice and open response questions require applying knowledge of electronic structure, isotopes, ionization energies, and periodic trends to identify elements, ions, electronic configurations and explain differences in properties.

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313 views

Edexcel - IAS - Atomic Structure - 1

1. The document contains questions about atomic structure and properties of elements based on their position in the periodic table. It includes questions about ionization energies, isotopes, electronic configurations, ionic radii, and trends in properties like melting points across periods and down groups. 2. Questions involve interpreting graphs of ionization energies to determine elements' groups, deducing ions formed and their stability, identifying isotopes and numbers of neutrons, and explaining trends in properties across the periodic table. 3. Multiple choice and open response questions require applying knowledge of electronic structure, isotopes, ionization energies, and periodic trends to identify elements, ions, electronic configurations and explain differences in properties.

Uploaded by

mostafa barakat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1
1 The graph below represents the successive ionization energies of an
element X plotted against the number of the electron removed. X is not the
symbol for the element.

(a) From this graph it is possible to deduce the group in the Periodic Table to
which X belongs. X is in

(b) From the graph it is possible to deduce that the most stable ion of X will be

2 The relative atomic mass is defined as

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

3 the first eight ionization energies of an element are (in KJ mol–1)


789, 1577, 3232, 4356, 16091, 19785, 23787, 29253.
The element is in

4 Which of the graphs shows (from left to right) the trend in the ionic radius of
the isoelectronic ions N3–, O2–, F–, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+?

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

5 An isotope of an element, atomic number z, has mass number 2z + 4. How


many neutrons are in the nucleus of the element?

6 When an Al4+ ion is formed from an Al atom, the fourth electron is lost from
the

7 In the following outline of the Periodic Table, the letters A to D are not the
symbols of the elements.

Select from A to D the element which


(a) is a non-metal with a high melting temperature and boiling temperature.

(b) is in the d block of the Periodic Table.

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

(c) has a very stable electronic structure.

(d) is a metal with a high melting temperature and boiling temperature.

8 The elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table have very similar chemical
properties. This is because

9 Which of the following represents the electronic structure of a nitrogen


atom?

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

10 The electronic structures of four elements are given below. Which of these
elements has the highest first ionization energy?

11 Which pair of ions is isoelectronic?

12 Bromine has two isotopes with relative isotopic masses 79 and 81. Which
of the following values for mass/charge ratio could correspond to a peak in the
mass spectrum of bromine, Br2? You should assume the ions detected have
a single positive charge.

13 The first five ionization energies of an element, X, are shown in the table.

What is the mostly likely formula of the oxide that forms when X burns in
oxygen?

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

14 Which of the following has the largest ionic radius?

15 The first five ionization energies of an element, X, are


578, 1817, 2745, 11578 and 14831 kJ mol–1, respectively.
In which group of the Periodic Table is X found?

16 Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

17 Which of the following equations represents the second ionization energy


of chlorine?

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

18 For Period 3 of the Periodic Table, from sodium to argon, what is the trend
in the melting temperatures of the elements?

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

Section B
1 The relative atomic mass of an element is determined using a mass
spectrometer.
(a) Define the term relative atomic mass.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b) The mass spectrum of rubidium is shown below.

(i) Explain why there are two peaks in the spectrum.


(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(ii) Use the spectrum to calculate the relative atomic mass of rubidium.
(2)

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

2 (a) State how the following processes are achieved in a mass spectrometer.
(i) Ionization of the sample.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
(ii) Acceleration of the ions.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
(iii) Deflection of the ions.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
(b) State how you could find the molecular mass of a substance from its mass
spectrum.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
*3 The melting temperatures of the elements of Period 3 are given in the table
below. Use these values to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Explain why the melting temperature of sodium is very much less than that
of magnesium.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b) Explain why the melting temperature of silicon is very much greater than
that of white phosphorus.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

(c) Explain why the melting temperature of argon is the lowest of all the
elements of Period 3.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d) Explain why magnesium is a good conductor of electricity whereas sulfur
is a non-conductor.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
4 Hydrogen has three isotopes, 1H, known as protium, 2H, deuterium, and 3H,
tritium.
(a) In terms of sub-atomic particles, give the similarities and differences
between atoms of these three isotopes of hydrogen.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b) Tritium is not usually included in calculations of the relative atomic mass of
hydrogen, because it is radioactive and has a relatively short half-life.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of hydrogen with the following isotopic
composition. Give your answer to four decimal places.
(2)

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

(c) The electronic energy levels in hydrogen are shown below.

(i) Mark on the energy level diagram, with an arrow, the transition that
represents the ionization energy of hydrogen.
(1)
(ii) In some versions of the Periodic Table, hydrogen is placed in the same
group as sodium. Give the electronic configurations for both a hydrogen atom
and a sodium atom, using the s and p notation.
Use these electronic configurations to suggest why this is a reasonable
grouping.
(2)
H ........................................................................................................................
Na ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
*(f ) Which element in the Periodic Table has the highest first ionization
energy? Justify your answer.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

5 The first ionization energy of each of the elements from neon to argon is
shown on the graph below. The first ionization energy of potassium has been
omitted.

(a) Define the term first ionization energy.


(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b) Explain why, in moving from Na to Ar, the general trend is for the first
ionization energy to increase.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

(c) Explain why the first ionization energy decreases from P to S.


(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d) Estimate the value of the first ionization energy of potassium, K, and write
your answer below.
(1)
................................................... kJ mol–1
6 (a) Define the term relative isotopic mass.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b) Naturally occurring chlorine contains 75.53% of 35Cl and 24.47% of 37Cl.
(i) Calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine to four significant figures.
(2)

(ii) Two of the peaks in the mass spectrum of chlorine, Cl2, are at m/e 70 and
74.
Identify the species giving rise to these peaks.
(2)
70 .......................................................................................................................
74 .......................................................................................................................
(iii) What is the m/e value of the other peak that you would expect to see in
this region of the mass spectrum and the identity of the species giving rise to
it?
(2)
Value ..................................................................................................................

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

Species ..............................................................................................................
7 (a) Define the term first ionization energy.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
*(b) Explain why the first ionization energy of the elements down Group 1
decreases even though the atomic number increases.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c) The eleven successive ionization energies for sodium are given below.

(i) Explain why the successive ionization energies increase.


(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
*(ii) Explain how these ionization energies give evidence for the electronic
structure of sodium. You may use a sketch graph if you wish.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

(d) The first ionization energy of aluminium (element 13) is lower than that of
magnesium (element 12).
(i) Give the electronic structures of magnesium and of aluminium in s, p and d
notation.
(1)
Magnesium ........................................................................................................
Aluminium ..........................................................................................................
*(ii) Explain the difference in the first ionization energies of the two metals.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
8 This question is about the elements arsenic to rubidium which have atomic
numbers 33 to 37.
The first ionization energies, Em1, of these elements are given in the table.

(a) Write the equation, with state symbols, which represents the first ionization
energy of arsenic.
(2)

(b) Suggest the formulae of the hydrides of arsenic and selenium.


(2)

(c) (i) Complete the electronic configuration for an arsenic and a selenium
atom using the electrons-in-boxes notation.
(2)

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

*(ii) Explain why the first ionization energy of selenium is lower than that of
arsenic.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
*(d) Explain why the first ionization energy of krypton is higher than that of
selenium.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
*(e) Explain why the first ionization energy of rubidium is lower than that of
krypton.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(f) Which of the elements, arsenic to rubidium, is likely to have atoms with the
smallest atomic radius?
(1)
............................................................................................................................
9 In atoms, electrons fill up the sub-shells in order of increasing energy.
(a) Fill in the last two boxes in the table below to show the order in which the
next two sub-shells are filled.

(2)

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

(b) Electrons in atoms occupy orbitals.


(i) Explain the term orbital.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(ii) Draw diagrams below to show the shape of an s-orbital and of a p -orbital.
(2)

(c) State the total number of electrons occupying all the p-orbitals in one
atom of chlorine.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
(d) State the number of electrons present in an ion of calcium, Ca2+.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
*(e) Define the term first ionization energy.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(f) The ionization energies of sodium, Na, are shown in the table below.
Show with a tick (), in the third row of the table below, all the ionization
numbers that involve the removal of an electron from an s-orbital.
(2)

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

22 (a) In a mass spectrometer being used to determine relative atomic


masses, gaseous atoms are ionized. The ions are then accelerated and
deflected before being detected.
(i) Explain how atoms are ionized in a mass spectrometer.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(ii) How are the ions accelerated in a mass spectrometer?
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(iii) How are the ions deflected in a mass spectrometer?
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b) The following data were obtained from the mass spectrum of a sample of
platinum.

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Edexcel Chemistry IAS Atomic Structure_Worksheet_1

Calculate the relative atomic mass of platinum in this sample. Give your
answer to one decimal place.
(2)

(c) In which block of the Periodic Table is platinum found?


(1)
............................................................................................................................
(d) Most solids exist as lattice structures.
(i) Complete the table, using a tick () if the substance conducts electricity or
a cross () if the substance does not conduct electricity.
(2)

*(ii) Explain the electrical conductivities of sodium and of sodium oxide in the
solid and liquid states.
(3)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

19 Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

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