Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2019
Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2019
Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2019
Summer 2019
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June 2019
Publications Code IAL_1906_WBI12_01
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
General Marking Guidance
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same
way as they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can
do rather than penalised for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero
marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the
team leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 (a)(i) The only correct answer is D Z
(1)
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(b)(ii) An explanation that includes the following points:
calcium ions to make calcium pectate to {hold cells together / Accept calcium ions to make calcium
increase cell wall stability / form middle lamella} pectate to increase cell wall strength
(1) Ignore make cell walls
as the concentration of herbicide increases the (mean) number of (insect) Ignore converse statement
species decreases (1) Accept negative correlation
(fewer plant species results in) fewer habitats for insects (1)
Accept reduced shelter for insects
(4)
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(a) An answer in which:
(2)
(1)
Vincristine is the most effective and SRT1720 is the least effective Accept description of correct order
(when given on their own) (1) (V>R>SRT)
Ignore drug combinations
Resveratrol reduces the effectiveness of Vincristine / Vincristine Accept Resveratrol and Vincristine more
increases the effectiveness of Resveratrol (1) effective than Resveratrol by itself /
Resveratrol and Vincristine less effective
than Vincristine by itself
A is incorrect because centrioles do not have several curved membrane-bound sacs of decreasing size
C is incorrect because rough endoplasmic reticulum does not have several curved membrane-bound sacs of decreasing
size
D is incorrect because smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have several curved membrane-bound sacs of
decreasing size
(1)
the {magnification / resolution} of a light microscope is not high Accept higher {magnification / resolution}
enough (to see this organelle) (1) of electron microscope is needed to see
this organelle
(2)
because it is very small (1) Accept small
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(a)(iii) An answer that includes the following points: Do not piece together
organ has many functions whereas a tissue has {one / fewer} (1)
organ has {many / several / group of} {cell types / tissues} whereas
a tissue has {one cell type / similar cells } (1)
(2)
(the percentage of) labelled amino acids {decreases inside the Accept green fluorescence
cell / increases outside the cells} (1)
{enzyme(s) / (glyco)protein(s)} leave cell by exocytosis / some Accept vesicles fuse with cell (surface)
(intracellular) {enzyme(s) / (glyco)protein(s)} remain in cells membrane and release {enzyme(s) /
(1) (glyco)protein(s)} outside cell
ignore amino acids (4)
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
5(a)(i) Tabebuia (1)
slime capsule prevents dehydration of cell (1) Accept protection of cell from a correct
factor e.g. {white blood cells / phagocytes
/ antibodies / antibiotics / from harsh
conditions}
pili allow bacteria to adhere (to surfaces) (1)
Accept conjugation / exchange of genetic
information / exchange plasmids /
attachment
Ignore sexual reproduction (2)
Question
Answer
Number
5 (b)(ii) Answers will be credited according to candidate’s deployment of knowledge and understanding of the material in relation
to the qualities and skills outlined in the generic mark scheme.
The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all the material indicated as
relevant. Additional content included in the response must be scientific and relevant.
(phase 2) - drug tested on {small / 100 to 500} groups of {patients / people} who have the {plague / disease}
(phase 3) - drug tested on {larger groups of / 1000 to 3000} {patients / people} who have the plague
placed randomly in two groups - one group receives {treatment / drug containing the chemical compounds} and the
other receives placebo
analyse results with (appropriate) statistical test / test for significant difference
(6)
Additional guidance
Level 0 0 No awardable content
Level 1 1-2 Demonstrates isolated elements of biological knowledge outline of drug test given but no reference to either
related to the given context with generalised comments the plague or Y. pestis or bacteria
made.
core prac only = 1 mark
The description will contain basic information with some other human drug trial = 2 marks
attempt made to link knowledge and understanding to the
given context.
Level 2 3-4 Demonstrates adequate knowledge by selecting and Testing on {animal / human cells} plus at least two
applying some relevant biological facts/concepts to provide other phases correctly described
the description being presented. In context of people having the disease / plague or
Y. pestis or bacteria gives lower mark
The description shows some linkages and lines of scientific
reasoning with some structure. plus
reference to double blind test or placebos gives
higher mark
Level 3 5-6 Demonstrates comprehensive knowledge by selecting and Testing on {animal / human cells} plus three phases
applying relevant knowledge of biological facts/concepts to correctly described including double blind test and
provide the description being presented. placebos
In context of people having the disease / plague or
The description is clear, coherent and logically structured. Y. pestis or bacteria gives lower mark
plus
correct ref to use of stats / analysis of significant
difference to placebo gives higher mark
or
in vitro testing of drug on Y. pestis or bacteria gives
higher mark
A is incorrect because the Hardy-Weinberg equation is not used to calculate genetic diversity
D is incorrect because mitotic index is not used to calculate genetic diversity (1)
genetic diversity considers one species whereas species richness Accept genetic diversity considers one
considers {different / number of} species (1) population whereas species richness
considers {one habitat / several
populations} (2)
genetic diversity considers {alleles / genotypes} whereas species Accept gene pool
richness {is within a habitat / considers whole organisms / counts Ignore genes
number of species (in an area)} (1) Accept specific area / ecosystem
can store more seeds as they {take up less space / are smaller} Accept growing plants takes up more
(1) space
Accept more seeds stored aids
maintenance of genetic diversity
seeds need less {maintenance / cost} (1)
Accept converse for plants
seeds can {survive longer than plants / be frozen } (1)
Accept seeds can be stored for longer (2)
whereas different varieties may have resistance to the fungus / Accept contain an advantageous allele
contain an allele for resistance (to fungus) (1) Ignore ‘genes’ unless qualified with alleles
(therefore breeding could) increase genetic {diversity / variation} Accept increase gene pool
(1)
resulting in (new banana) plants with resistance to {fungus / Accept {offspring / new varieties} survive
Panama disease} (1) and reproduce (4)
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(a)(i) The only correct answer is B 2
actual length divided by the given length (1) (40000 ÷ 60) = 666.67 to 683.3
sperm (with longer flagellum) swim {fast / faster} (to the egg cell) Accept (longer flagellum) gives more
(1) {force / movement}
competition with sperm from other (male Chinese) hamsters Accept description of competition with
(1) sperm from other (male Chinese)
hamsters
Accept as a consequence of natural (3)
selection / evolution
cortical {granules / vesicles} fuse with (egg cell surface) membrane Ignore chemicals
and release enzymes (1)
to prevent {polyspermy / more than one sperm (nucleus) entering Accept ‘no other sperm can enter’ (3)
egg cell} / to ensure that the nucleus is diploid (1)
some genes have been (permanently) {inactivated / switched off} Accept only some genes are {active /
(1) switched on}
Ignore genes activated
introduction of new (beaver) species increased the {species Ignore genetic diversity
richness / biodiversity} (1)
reduction in (plant) biodiversity due to trees being cut down / Accept reduction in animal biodiversity
reduction in (animal) biodiversity as {habitat / food} reduced (by due to {competition with / predation
the trees being cut down) (1) from} beavers
(increase in biodiversity) due to new food source (1) Accept plant or beaver as food source
(4)
Question
Answer
Number
8 (b) Answers will be credited according to candidate’s deployment of knowledge and understanding of the material in relation
to the qualities and skills outlined in the generic mark scheme.
The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all the material indicated as
relevant. Additional content included in the response must be scientific and relevant.
introducing beavers from different European locations could increase genetic diversity
could be many different alleles in wider populations of European beavers
however the map shows many geographically isolated populations
these small populations could also have low genetic diversity
reproductive isolation could have occurred
preventing introduced beavers mating with Scottish beavers
(6)
Additional guidance
Level 0 0 No awardable content
Level 1 1-2 Demonstrates isolated elements of biological knowledge Discussion of at least one solution and the impact
and understanding to the given context with generalised on genetic diversity
comments made.
1 solution = 1 mark
Vague statements related to consequences are made with
limited linkage to a range of scientific ideas, processes, 2 solutions = 2 marks
techniques and procedures.
The discussion shows some linkages and lines of scientific plus alleles 1 mark
reasoning with some structure.
Level 3 5-6 Demonstrates comprehensive knowledge and all level 2 content
understanding by selecting and applying relevant knowledge
of biological facts/concepts. plus
reproductive isolation one mark
Consequences are discussed which are supported
throughout by sustained linkage to a range of scientific plus
ideas, processes, techniques or procedures. inbreeding / heterozygosity index one mark