Package ‘FactoClass’

October 1, 2018
Version 1.2.7
Date 2018-09-30
Title Combination of Factorial Methods and Cluster Analysis
Author Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>,
Pedro Cesar del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co> and
Camilo Jose Torres <cjtorresj@unal.edu.co>,
with the contributions from.
Ivan Diaz <ildiazm@unal.edu.co>,
Mauricio Sadinle <msadinleg@unal.edu.co>,
Jhonathan Medina <jmedinau@unal.edu.co>.
Maintainer Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>
Depends R (>= 2.10), ade4,ggplot2,ggrepel,xtable,scatterplot3d
Imports KernSmooth
Description Some functions of 'ade4' and 'stats' are combined in order to obtain a parti-
tion of the rows of a data table, with columns representing variables of scales: quantitative, quali-
tative or frequency.
First, a principal axes method is performed and then, a combination of Ward agglomerative hier-
archical classification and K-means is performed, using some of the first coordinates ob-
tained from the previous principal axes method. See, for example:
Lebart, L. and Piron, M. and Morineau, A. (2006).
Statistique Exploratoire Multidimensionnelle, Dunod, Paris.
In order to permit to have different weights of the elements to be clustered, the func-
tion 'kmeansW', programmed in C++, is included. It is a modification of 'kmeans'.
Some graphical functions include the option: 'gg=FALSE'. When 'gg=TRUE', they use the 'gg-
plot2' and 'ggrepel' packages to avoid the super-position of the labels.
License GPL (>= 2)
Encoding latin1
NeedsCompilation yes
Repository CRAN
Date/Publication 2018-10-01 04:50:02 UTC

1
2 addgrids3d

R topics documented:
addgrids3d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
admi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Bogota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
cafe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
centroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
chisq.carac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
cluster.carac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ColorAdjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DogBreeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
dudi.tex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fac.Num . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
FactoClass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
FactoClass.tex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
icfes08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
kmeansW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
list.to.data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
plot.dudi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
plotcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
plotct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
plotFactoClass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
plotfp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
plotpairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
stableclus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
supqual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
ward.cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Whisky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Index 33

addgrids3d Add grids to a scatterplot3d

Description

The goal of this function is to add grids on an existing plot created using the package scatterplot3d

Usage

addgrids3d(x, y = NULL, z = NULL, grid = TRUE, col.grid = "grey",

lty.grid = par("lty"), lab = par("lab"), lab.z = mean(lab[1:2]),
scale.y = 1, angle = 40, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, zlim = NULL)
addgrids3d 3

Arguments

x, y, z numeric vectors specifying the x, y, z coordinates of points. x can be a matrix or

a data frame containing 3 columns corresponding to the x, y and z coordinates.
In this case the arguments y and z are optional
grid specifies the facet(s) of the plot on which grids should be drawn. Possible values
are the combination of "xy", "xz" or "yz". Example: grid = c("xy", "yz"). The
default value is TRUE to add grids only on xy facet.
col.grid, lty.grid
color and line type to be used for grids
lab a numerical vector of the form c(x, y, len). The values of x and y give the
(approximate) number of tickmarks on the x and y axes.
lab.z the same as lab, but for z axis
scale.y of y axis related to x- and z axis
angle angle between x and y axis
xlim,ylim,zlim the x, y and z limits (min, max) of the plot.

Note

Users who want to extend an existing scatterplot3d graphic with the function addgrids3d, should
consider to set the arguments scale.y, angle, ..., to the value used in scatterplot3d.

Author(s)

Alboukadel Kassambara <alboukadel.kassambara@gmail.com>

References

http://www.sthda.com

Examples

library(FactoClass)
data(cafe)
Y <- cafe[1:10 ,1:3]
Y3D <- scatterplot3d (Y, main ="Y",type="h",color ="darkblue",box=FALSE)
Y3D$points3d(Y,pch=1)
addgrids3d(Y, grid = c("xy", "xz", "yz"))
cord2d <-Y3D$xyz.convert(Y)
text(cord2d,labels = rownames(Y),cex = 0.8,col = "blue",pos = 4)
4 admi

admi Admitted students to the seven careers of the Science Faculty

Description

Score obtained by each of the 445 students admitted to the seven careers of the Facultad de Ciencias
of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota to the first semester of 2013, and some socio
demographic information:

carr a factor with the careers as its levels

mate,cien,soci,text,imag score achieved in each of the areas of the admission exam
exam total score of the admission exam
gene gender of the admitted
estr socioeconomic stratum in 3 categories
orig geographic origin of the admitted
edad age of the admitted in categories
niLE if the admitted requires nivelation in language
niMa if the admitted requires nivelation in mathematics
estr socioeconomic stratum in 7 categories
age age of the admitted in years

Usage

data(admi)

Format

Object of class data.frame with 445 rows and 15 columns.

Source

SIA: Academic Information System

References

C.E. Pardo (2015). Estadística descriptiva multivariada. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Fac-
ultad de Ciencias.
Bogota 5

Bogota Localities by Stratums in Bogota City

Description
Contingency Table that indicates the number of blocks of Bogota, in localities by stratums (DAPD
1997, p.77).

Usage
data(Bogota)

Format
Object whit class data.frame of 19 rows and 7 columns.

Source
DAPD (1997), Population, stratification and socioeconomic aspects of Bogota

References
C.E. Pardo y J.E. Ortiz (2004). Analisis multivariado de datos en R. Simposio de Estadistica, Carta-
gena Colombia. http://www.docentes.unal.edu.co/cepardot/docs/SimposiosEstadistica/
PardoOrtiz04.pdf

cafe Cofee cups

Description
Results of the mesure of some properties of twelve coffe cups

Usage
data(cafe)

Format
Object of class data.frame with 12 rows and 16 columns.

Source
R. Duarte and M. Suarez and E. Moreno and P. Ortiz (1996). An\’alisis multivariado por compo-
nentes principales, de caf\’es tostados y molidos adulterados con cereales. Cenicaf\’e, 478(2):65-76
6 centroids

References

C.E. Pardo (2015). Estadística descriptiva multivariada. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Fac-
ultad de Ciencias.

centroids Centroids of the Classes of a Partition

Description

It evaluates the centroids of a partition with the weights in rw

Usage

centroids(df,cl,rw=rep(1/nrow(df),nrow(df)))

Arguments

df object of class data.frame, with the data of variables or coordinates

cl vector indicating the cluster of each element
rw weight of the rows of df, by default the same

Value

Object of class list with the following:

centroids class centroids

weights class weights
cr correlation ratios

Author(s)

Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

Examples
data(iris)
centroids(iris[,-5],iris[,5])
chisq.carac 7

chisq.carac Chisquare tests of a qualitative variable by several qualitative vari-

ables

Description

Chisqure tests are performed for the contingency tables crossing a qualitative variable named cl
and the qualitative variables present in columns from df

Usage

chisq.carac(df,cl,thr=2,decr=TRUE)

Arguments

df data.frame, with factors contain the categories of the qualitave variables

cl factor indicating the category of each subject
thr threshold of test value, if decr=TRUE, only the rows where tval >= thr are
returned
decr if decr=TRUE the rows are returned in decreasing order

Value

Matrix with the following columns:

chi2 chisquare statistic

dfr degree of fredom of chisquare densidity
pval $p$ value
tval quantil qnorm(pval,lower.tail=FALSE
phi2 phi2=chi2/n

Author(s)

Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

Examples
data(DogBreeds)
round(chisq.carac(DogBreeds[,-7],DogBreeds[,7]),3)
round(chisq.carac(DogBreeds[,-7],DogBreeds[,7],decr=FALSE),3)
8 cluster.carac

cluster.carac Cluster Characterization by Variables

Description
It makes the characterization of the classes or cluster considering the variables in tabla. These
variables can be quantitative, qualitative or frequencies.

Usage
cluster.carac( tabla,class,tipo.v="d",v.lim= 2,dn=3,dm=3,neg=TRUE)

Arguments
tabla object data.frame with variables of characterization, the variables must be of a
single type (quantitative, qualitative or frequencies)
class vector that determines the partition of the table
tipo.v type of variables: quantitative("continuas"), qualitative ("nominales") or fre-
quencies("frecuencia")
v.lim test value to show the variable or category like characteristic.
dn number of decimal digits for the p and test values.
dm number of decimal digits for the means.
neg if neg=TRUE, the variables or categories with negative test values are showed.

Details
For nominal or frecuency variables it compares the percentage of the categories within each class
with the global percentage. For continuous variables it compares the average within each class with
the general average. Categories and variables are ordered within each class by the test values and it
shows only those that pass the threshold v.lim.

Value
Object of class list. It has the characterization of each class or cluster.

Author(s)
Pedro Cesar del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>, Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>,
Mauricio Sadinle <msadinleg@unal.edu.co>

References
Lebart, L. and Morineau, A. and Piron, M. (1995) Statisitique exploratoire multidimensionnelle,
Paris.
ColorAdjective 9

Examples

data(DogBreeds)
DB.act <- DogBreeds[-7] # active variables
DB.function <- subset(DogBreeds,select=7)
cluster.carac(DB.act,DB.function,"ca",2.0) # nominal variables

data(iris)
iris.act <- Fac.Num(iris)$numeric
class <- Fac.Num(iris)$factor
cluster.carac(iris.act,class,"co",2.0) # continuous variables

# frequency variables
data(DogBreeds)
attach(DogBreeds)
weig<-table(FUNC,WEIG)
weig<-data.frame(weig[,1],weig[,2],weig[,3])
cluster.carac(weig, row.names(weig), "fr", 2) # frequency variables
detach(DogBreeds)

ColorAdjective Associations between colors and adjectives.

Description
A group of students from Nanterre University (Paris X) were presented with a list of eleve colours:
blue, yellow, red, white, pink, brown, purple, grey, black, green and orange. Each person in the
group was asked to describe each color with one ore more adjectives. A final list of 89 adjectives
were associates with eleven colors.

Usage
data(ColorAdjective)

Format
Object of class data.frame with 89 rows and 11 columns.

Source
Jambu, M. and Lebeaux M.O. Cluster Analysis and Data Analysis. North-Holland. Amsterdam
1983.

References
Fine, J. (1996), Iniciacion a los analisis de datos multidimensionales a partir de ejemplos, Notas
de curso, Montevideo
10 dudi.tex

DogBreeds Dog Breeds

Description
Table that describes 27 dog breeds considering their size, weight, speed, intelligence, affectivity,
aggressiveness and function.

Usage
data(DogBreeds)

Format
Object of class data.frame with 27 rows and 7 columns with the following description:

VARIABLE CATEGORIES
[,1] Size(SIZE) Small(sma) Mediun(med) Large(lar)
[,2] Weight(WEIG) lightweight(lig) Mediun(med) Heavy(hea)
[,3] Speed(SPEE) Low(low) Mediun(med) High(hig)
[,4] Intelligence(INTE) Low(low) Mediun(med) High(hig)
[,5] Affectivity(AFFE) Low(low) High(hig)
[,6] aggressiveness(AGGR) Low(low) High(hig)
[,7] function(FUNC) Company(com) Hunt(hun) Utility(uti)

Source

Fine, J. (1996), ’Iniciacion a los analisis de datos multidimensionales a partir de ejemplos’, Notas
de clase, Montevideo.

References

Brefort, A.(1982), ’Letude des races canines a partir de leurs caracteristiques qualitatives’, HEC -
Jouy en Josas

dudi.tex LaTeX Tables of Coordinates and Aids to Interpretation of Principal

Axis Methods

Description

Coordinates and aids of interpretation are wrote in tabular environment of LaTeX inside a Table
dudi.tex 11

Usage
dudi.tex(dudi,job="",aidsC=TRUE,aidsR=TRUE,append=TRUE)
latex(obj,job="latex",tit="",lab="",append=TRUE,dec=1)

Arguments
dudi an object of class dudi
job a name to identify files and outputs
aidsC if it is TRUE the coordinates and aids of interpretation of the columns are printed
aidsR if it is TRUE the coordinates and aids of interpretation of the rows are printed
append if it is TRUE LaTeX outputs are appended on the file
obj object to export to LaTeX
tit title of the table
lab label for crossed references of LaTeX table
dec number of decimal digits

Details
latex function is used to builp up a table. The aids of interpretation are obtained with inertia.dudi
of ade4. A file is wrote in the work directory (job.txt) with the following tables:

tvalp eigenvalues
c1 eigenvectors
co column coordinates
col.abs column contributions in percentage
col.rel quality of the representation of columns in percentage
col.cum accumulated quality of the representation of columns in percentage/100
li row coordinates
row.abs row contributions in percent
row.rel quality of the representation of rows in percentage
row.cum accumulated quality of the representation of rows in percentage/100

Author(s)
Campo Elias PARDO <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

Examples
data(Bogota)
coa1 <- dudi.coa(Bogota[,2:7], scannf = FALSE)
dudi.tex(coa1,job="Bogota")
12 FactoClass

Fac.Num Division of qualitative and quantitative variables

Description
An object of class data.frame is divided into a list with two tables, one with quantitative variables
and the other with qualitative variables.

Usage
Fac.Num(tabla)

Arguments
tabla object of class ’data.frame’

Value
It returns one list with one or two objects of class data.frame with the following characteristics:

factor table with the qualitative variables

numeric table with the quantitative variables

Author(s)
Pedro Cesar Del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>

Examples

data(DogBreeds)
Fac.Num(DogBreeds)

data(iris)
Fac.Num(iris)

FactoClass Combination of Factorial Methods and Cluster Analysis

Description
Performs the factorial analysis of the data and a cluster analysis using the nfcl first factorial coor-
dinates
FactoClass 13

Usage
FactoClass( dfact, metodo, dfilu = NULL , nf = 2, nfcl = 10, k.clust = 3,
scanFC = TRUE , n.max = 5000 , n.clus = 1000 ,sign = 2.0,
conso=TRUE , n.indi = 25,row.w = rep(1, nrow(dfact)) )
## S3 method for class 'FactoClass'
print(x, ...)
analisis.clus(X,W)

Arguments
dfact object of class data.frame, with the data of active variables.
metodo function of ade4 for ade4 factorial analysis, dudi.pca,Principal Component
Analysis; dudi.coa, Correspondence Analysis; witwit.coa, Internal Corre-
spondence Analysis; dudi.acm, Multiple Correspondence Analysis ...
dfilu ilustrative variables (default NULL)
nf number of axes to use into the factorial analysis (default 2)
nfcl number of axes to use in the classification (default 10)
k.clust number of classes to work (default 3)
scanFC if is TRUE, it asks in the console the values nf, nfcl y k.clust
n.max when rowname(dfact)>=n.max, k-means is performed previous to hierarchical
clustering (default 5000)
n.clus when rowname(fact)>=n.max, the previous k-means is performed with n.clus
groups (default 1000)
sign threshold test value to show the characteristic variables and modalities
conso when conso is TRUE, the process of consolidating the classification is per-
formed (default TRUE)
n.indi number of indices to draw in the histogram (default 25)
row.w vector containing the row weights if metodo<>dudi.coa
x object of class FactoClass
... further arguments passed to or from other methods
X coordinates of the elements of a class
W weights of the elements of a class

Details
Lebart et al. (1995) present a strategy to analyze a data table using multivariate methods, consisting
of an intial factorial analysis according to the nature of the compiled data, followed by the perfor-
mance of mixed clustering. The mixed clustering combines hierarchic clustering using the Ward’s
method with K-means clustering. Finally a partition of the data set and the characterization of each
one of the classes is obtained, according to the active and illustrative variables, being quantitative,
qualitative or frequency.
FactoClass is a function that connects procedures of the package ade4 to perform the analysis
factorial of the data and from stats for the cluster analysis.
14 FactoClass

The function analisis.clus calculates the geometric characteristics of each class: size, inertia,
weight and square distance to the origin.
For impression in LaTeX format see FactoClass.tex
To draw factorial planes with cluster see plotFactoClass

Value
object of class FactoClass with the following:

dudi object of class dudi from ade4 with the specifications of the factorial analysis
nfcl number of axes selected for the classification
k number of classes
indices table of indices obtained through WARD method
cor.clus coordinates of the clusters
clus.summ summary of the clusters
cluster vector indicating the cluster of each element
carac.cate cluster characterization by qualitative variables
carac.cont cluster characterization by quantitative variables
carac.frec cluster characterization by frequency active variables

Author(s)
Pedro Cesar del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>, Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>
http://www.docentes.unal.edu.co/cepardot, Ivan Diaz <ildiazm@unal.edu.co>, Mauricio
Sadinle <msadinleg@unal.edu.co>

References
Lebart, L. and Morineau, A. and Piron, M. (1995) Statisitique exploratoire multidimensionnelle,
Paris.

Examples

# Cluster analysis with Correspondence Analysis

data(ColorAdjective)
FC.col <-FactoClass(ColorAdjective, dudi.coa)
6
10
5

FC.col

FC.col$dudi

# Cluster analysis with Multiple Correspondence Analysis

FactoClass.tex 15

data(DogBreeds)

DB.act <- DogBreeds[-7] # active variables

DB.ilu <- DogBreeds[7] # ilustrative variables

FC.db <-FactoClass( DB.act, dudi.acm, k.clust = 4,

scanFC = FALSE, dfilu = DB.ilu, nfcl = 10)

FC.db

FC.db$clus.summ
FC.db$indices

FactoClass.tex Table of Coordinates, Aids of Interpretation of the Principal Axes and

Cluster Analysis in LaTeX format.

Description
The coordinates, aids of interpretation and results of cluster analysis of an object of class FactoClass
are written in tables for edition in LaTeX format and written in a file.

Usage
FactoClass.tex(FC,job="",append=TRUE, dir = getwd(), p.clust = FALSE )

## S3 method for class 'FactoClass.tex'

print(x, ...)

latexDF(obj, job="latex" ,tit="" ,lab="" ,append=TRUE ,dec=1,

dir = getwd() , to.print = TRUE )
roundDF(tabla,dec=1)

Arguments
FC object of class FactoClass.
job A name to identify the exit.
append if is 'TRUE' the exit in LaTeX format is added to the file.
dir name of the directory in which the file is kept.
p.clust the value of this parameter is ’TRUE’ or ’FALSE’ to print or not the cluster of
each element.
tabla object of class ’data frame’.
dec number of decimal.
16 FactoClass.tex

x object of class FactoClass.tex

... further arguments passed to or from other methods
obj object of class data.frame.
tit title of the table in LaTeX format.
lab label of the table in LaTeX format.
to.print if it is 'TRUE' the table is also printed in the console.

Details

This function helps with the construction of tables in LaTeX format. Besides, it allows a easy
reading of the generated results by FactoClass. The function latexDF is an entrance to xtable and
turns an object of class data.frame a table in LaTeX format.

Value

object of class FactoClass.tex with the following characteristics:

tvalp eigenvalues * 1000.

c1 eigenvectors.
co coordinates of the columns.
col.abs contribution of each column to the inertia of the axis (percentage).
col.rel quality of representation of each column (percentage).
col.cum quality of representation of each column accumulated in the subspace (percent-
age).
li coordinates of the rows.
row.abs contribution of each rows to the inertia of the axis (percentage).
row.rel quality of representation of each rows (percentage).
row.cum quality of representation of each rows accumulated in the subspace (percentage).
indices table of indices of level generated by the Ward cluster analysis.
cor.clus coordinates of the center of gravity of each cluster.
clus.summ summary of the cluster.
carac.cate cluster characterization by qualitative variables.
carac.cont cluster characterization by quantitative variables.
cluster vector indicating the cluster of each element.

Author(s)

Pedro Cesar del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>, Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

icfes08 17

Examples
data(DogBreeds)
DB.act <- DogBreeds[-7] # active variables
DB.ilu <- DogBreeds[7] # illustrative variables
# MCA
FaCl <- FactoClass( DB.act, dudi.acm,
scanFC = FALSE, dfilu = DB.ilu, nfcl = 10, k.clust = 4 )
FactoClass.tex(FaCl,job="DogBreeds1", append=TRUE)
# FactoClass.tex(FaCl,job="DogBreeds", append=TRUE , p.clust = TRUE)

icfes08 Departmenst by Levels of Schools in Colombia

Description
Contingency Table that classificaes the schools of Colombia by departments and level of the schools
agree with the performance of its students.

Usage
data(icfes08)

Format
Object whit class data.frame of 29 rows and 12 columns.

Source
ICFES Colombia

References
C.E. Pardo, M. B\’ecue and J.E. Ortiz (2013). Correspondence Analysis of Contingency Tables
with Subpartitions on Rowsand Columns. Revista Colombiana de Estad\’istica, 36(1):115-144.

kmeansW K-means with Weights of the Elements

Description
It is a modification of kmeans Hartigan-Wong algorithm to consider the weight of the elements to
classify.

Usage
kmeansW(x, centers, weight = rep(1,nrow(x)),
iter.max = 10, nstart = 1)
18 kmeansW

Arguments

x A numeric vector, matrix or data frame.

centers Either the number of clusters or a set of initial (distinct) cluster centres. If a
number, a random set of (distinct) rows in x is chosen as the initial centres.
weight weight of the elements of x. by default the same.
iter.max The maximum number of iterations allowed.
nstart If centers is a number, how many random sets should be chosen?

Details

With the ’Hartigan-Wong’ algorithm, this function performs the K-means clustering diminishing
inertia intra classes. In this version the Fortran code kmnsW.f was changed by C++ code kmeanw.cc
programed by Camilo Jose Torres, modifing C code programed by Burkardt.

Value

object of class FactoClass.tex with the following characteristics:

cluster vector indicating the cluster of each element.

...

Author(s)

Camilo Jos? Torres <cjtorresj@unal.edu.co>, Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

References

Hartigan, J. A. and Wong, M. A. (1979). A K-means clustering algorithm. Applied Statistics 28,
100–108.
Burkardt, J. (2008). ASA136 The K-Means Algorithm. http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~burkardt/
cpp_src/asa136/asa136.html

Examples
data(Bogota)
ac.bog <- Bogota[-1]
il.bog <- Bogota[ 1]

acs <- dudi.coa( ac.bog, nf=6 , scannf = FALSE )

kmeansW( acs$li, 7, acs$lw )

list.to.data 19

list.to.data list to data.frame

Description

Modification of an object of class list into an object of class data.frame.

Usage

list.to.data(lista,nvar="clasif")

Arguments

lista list that contains several data.frame of the same structure.

nvar (Optional) Name of the new variable that considers the partition given by the
elements of the list.

Details

This function turns an object of class list into an object of class data.frame, this function is used
internally to create objects of class data.frame to make tables in LaTeX format.

Value

Object of class data.frame.

Author(s)

Pedro Cesar Del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>

Examples

A <- data.frame(r1=rnorm(5),r2=rnorm(5))
B <- data.frame(r1=rnorm(15),r2=rnorm(15))

LL <- list(A=A,B=B)
LL
list.to.data(LL)
20 plot.dudi

plot.dudi Factorial Planes from Objects of Class dudi

Description
It plots factorial planes from objects of class dudi

Usage
## S3 method for class 'dudi'
plot(x,ex=1,ey=2,xlim=NULL,ylim=NULL,main=NULL,rotx=FALSE,
roty=FALSE,roweti=row.names(dudi$li),
coleti=row.names(dudi$co),axislabel=TRUE,font.col="plain",
font.row="plain",col.row="black",col.col="blue",
alpha.col=1,alpha.row=1,cex=0.8,cex.row=0.8,cex.col=0.8,
all.point=TRUE,Trow=TRUE,Tcol=TRUE,cframe=1.2,ucal=0,
cex.global=1,infaxes="out",gg=FALSE,...)
sutil.grid(cgrid,scale=TRUE)

Arguments
x object of type dudi
ex number indentifying the factor to be used as horizontal axis. Default 1
ey number indentifying the factor to be used as vertical axis. Default 2
xlim the x limits (x1, x2) of the plot
ylim the y limits of the plot
main graphic title
rotx TRUE if you want change the sign of the horizontal coordinates. Default FALSE
roty TRUE if you want change the sign of the vertical coordinates. Default FALSE
roweti selected row points for the graphic. Default all points
coleti selected column points for the graphic. Default all points
font.row type of font for row labels. Default "plain"
font.col type of font for column labels. Default "plain"
axislabel if it is TRUE the axis information is written
col.row color for row points and row labels. Default "black"
col.col color for column points and column labels. Default "blue"
alpha.row transparency for row points and row labels. Default cex.ilu=1
alpha.col transparency for column points and column labels. Default cex.ilu=1
cex global scale for the labels. Default cex=0.8
cex.row scale for row points and row labels. Default cex.row=0.8
cex.col scale for column points and column labels. Default cex.col=0.8
plot.dudi 21

all.point If if is TRUE, all points are outlined. Default all.point=TRUE

Trow if it is TRUE the row points are outlined. Default TRUE
Tcol if it is TRUE the column points are outlined. Default TRUE
cframe scale for graphic limits
ucal quality representation threshold (percentage) in the plane . Default ucal=0
cex.global scale for the label sizes
infaxes place to put the axes information: "out","in","no". Default infaxes="out". If
infaxes="out" the graphic is similar to FactoMineR graphics, otherwise the style
is similar to the one in ade4, without axes information when infaxes="no"
gg If TRUE the version ggplot ggrepel is perfomance. Default FALSE
... further arguments passed to or from other methods
cgrid internal parameter
scale internal

Details

Plot the selected factorial plane. sutil.grid is used by plot.dudi

Value

It graphs the factorial plane x,y using $co, $li of a "dudi" object. If ucal > 0, the function inertia.dudi
is used to calculate the quality of representation on the plane

Author(s)

Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co> and Jhonathan Medina <jmedinau@unal.edu.co>

Examples

data(Bogota)
ca <- dudi.coa(Bogota[,2:7],scannf=FALSE,nf=4)
# with ggplot2 and ggrepel
plot(ca,gg=TRUE)
dev.new()
# ade4 style
plot.dudi(ca,ex=3,ey=4,ucal=0.2,all.point=FALSE,infaxes="in")
22 plotcc

plotcc Correlation circle from coordinates

Description
It plots Correlation circle from a coordinate table

Usage
plotcc(x,ex=1,ey=2,cex.label=4.5,col.label="black",font.label="bold",col.arrow="black",
fullcircle=TRUE,y=NULL)

Arguments
x matrix or data.frame with coordinates
ex the component like horizontal axis
ey the component like vertical axis
cex.label size of the variable labels. Default 4.5
col.label color of the variable labels. Default black
font.label font of the variable labels from fontface of ggplot2. Defult bold
col.arrow color of the arrows. Default black
fullcircle if it is TRUE (default), the circle is complete
y internal

Details
Plot the selected factorial plane as a correlation circle for the variables from a normed PCA.

Value
It graphs the factorial plane ex,ey using a data.frame or matrix x with axis coordinates.

Author(s)
Jhonathan Medina <jmedinau@unal.edu.co> and Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

Examples
data(admi)
pca <- dudi.pca(admi[,2:6],scannf=FALSE,nf=2)
# fullcircle
plotcc(pca$co)
# no fullcircle
plotcc(pca$co,fullcircle=FALSE)
plotct 23

plotct Row and Column Profiles of a Contingency Table

Description
It plots barplot profiles of rows or columns from a contingency table including marginal profiles

Usage
plotct(x,profiles="both",legend.text=TRUE,tables=FALSE,nd=1,... )

Arguments
x contingency table
profiles select profiles: "both" file and column profiles in two graph devices, "row" only
row profiles, "col" only column profiles
legend.text if it is TRUE a box with legends is included at the right
tables logical, if TRUE tables with marginals are returned
nd number of decimals to profiles as percentages
... further arguments passed to or from other methods

Details
Plot row profiles in horizontal form and columns profiles in vertical form

Value
if tables=TRUE, object of class list with the following:

ct contingengy table with row and column marginals

perR row profile with marginal, in percent
perC column profile with marginal, in percent

Author(s)
Camilo Jose Torres <cjtorresj@unal.edu.co> , Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>
http://www.docentes.unal.edu.co/cepardot

Examples
mycolors<-colors()[c(1,26,32,37,52,57,68,73,74,81,82,84,88,100)]
data(Bogota)
plotct(Bogota[,2:7],col=mycolors)
# return tables with marginals
tabs <- plotct(Bogota[,2:7],col=mycolors,tables=TRUE,nd=0)
24 plotFactoClass

plotFactoClass Factorial Planes Showing the Classes

Description
For objects of class FactoClass it graphs a factorial plane showing the center of gravity of the cluster,
and identifying with colors the cluster to which each element belongs.

Usage
plotFactoClass(FC,x=1,y=2,xlim=NULL,ylim=NULL,rotx=FALSE,roty=FALSE,
roweti=row.names(dudi$li),coleti=row.names(dudi$co),
titre=NULL,axislabel=TRUE,col.row=1:FC$k,
col.col="blue",cex=0.8,cex.row=0.8,cex.col=0.8,
all.point=TRUE,Trow=TRUE,Tcol=TRUE,cframe=1.2,ucal=0,
cex.global=1,infaxes="out",
nclus=paste("cl", 1:FC$k, sep=""),
cex.clu=cex.row,cstar=1,gg=FALSE)

Arguments
FC object of class FactoClass.
x number indentifying the factor to be used as horizontal axis. Default x=1
y number indentifying the factor to be used as vertical axis. Default y=2
xlim the x limits (x1, x2) of the plot
ylim the y limits of the plot
rotx TRUE if you want change the sign of the horizontal coordinates (default FALSE).
roty TRUE if you want change the sign of the vertical coordinates (default FALSE).
roweti selected row points for the graphic. Default all points.
coleti selected column points for the graphic. Default all points.
titre graphics title.
axislabel if it is TRUE the axis information is written.
col.row color for row points and row labels. Default 1:FC$k.
col.col color for column points and column labels. Default "grey55".
cex global scale for the labels. Default cex=0.8.
cex.row scale for row points and row labels. Default cex.row=0.8.
cex.col scale for column points and column labels. Default cex.col=0.8.
cex.clu scale for cluster points and cluster labels. (default cex.row).
all.point if if is TRUE, all points are outlined. Default all.point=TRUE.
Trow if it is TRUE the row points are outlined. Default TRUE.
plotfp 25

Tcol if it is TRUE the column points are outlined. Default TRUE.

nclus labels for the clusters (default cl1, cl2, ...
cframe scale for graphics limits
ucal quality Representation Threshold in the plane. Default ucal=0
cex.global scale for the label sizes
infaxes place to put the axes information: "out","in","no". Default infaxes="out". If
infaxes="out" the graphic is similar to FactoMineR graphics, otherwise the style
is similar to the one in ade4, without axes information when infaxes="no"
cstar length of the rays between the centroids of the classes and their points
gg If TRUE the version ggplot ggrepel is perfomance. Default FALSE

Details
It draws the factorial plane with the clusters. Only for objects FactoClass see FactoClass. The
factorial plane is drawn with planfac and the classes are projected with s.class of ade4

Value
It draws the factorial plane x, y using $co, $li of the object of class FactoClass. If ucal > 0, the
function inertia.dudi is used to calculate the quality of representation in the plane.

Author(s)
Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co> Pedro Cesar del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>,

Examples

data(Bogota)
Bog.act <- Bogota[-1]
Bog.ilu <- Bogota[ 1]

FC.Bogota<-FactoClass(Bog.act, dudi.coa,Bog.ilu,nf=2,nfcl=5,k.clust=5,scanFC=FALSE)

plotFactoClass(FC.Bogota,titre="First Factorial Plane from the SCA of Bogota's Blocks",

col.row=c("maroon2","orchid4","darkgoldenrod2","dark red","aquamarine4"))

plotfp Factorial Planes from Coordinates

Description
It plots factorial planes from a coordinate table
26 plotfp

Usage
plotfp(co,x=1,y=2,eig=NULL,cal=NULL,ucal=0,xlim=NULL,ylim=NULL,main=NULL,rotx=FALSE,
roty=FALSE,eti=row.names(co),axislabel=TRUE,col.row="black",cex=0.8,cex.row=0.8,
all.point=TRUE,cframe=1.2,cex.global=1,infaxes="out",asp=1,gg=FALSE)

Arguments
co matrix or data.frame with coordinates
x the component like horizontal axis
y the component like vertical axis
eig numeric with the eigenvalues
cal matrix or data.frame with the square cosinus
ucal quality representation threshold (percentage) in the plane . Default ucal=0
xlim the x limits (x1, x2) of the plot
ylim the y limits of the plot
main graphic title
rotx TRUE if you want change the sign of the horizontal coordinates. Default FALSE
roty TRUE if you want change the sign of the vertical coordinates. Default FALSE
eti selected row points for the graphic. Default all points
axislabel if it is TRUE the axis information is written
col.row color for row points and row labels. Default "black"
cex global scale for the labels. Default cex=0.8
cex.row scale for row points and row labels. Default cex.row=0.8
all.point If if is TRUE, all points are outlined. Default all.point=TRUE
cframe scale for graphic limits
cex.global scale for the label sizes
infaxes place to put the axes information: "out","in","no". Default infaxes="out". If
infaxes="out" the graphic is similar to FactoMineR graphics, otherwise the style
is similar to the one in ade4, without axes information when infaxes="no"
asp the y/x aspect ratio
gg If TRUE the version ggplot ggrepel is perfomance. Default FALSE

Details
Plot the selected factorial plane.

Value
It graphs the factorial plane x,y using co and optional information of eigenvalues and representation
quality of the points. If ucal > 0, only the points with the quality of representation on the plane
bigger than ucal are pointed
plotpairs 27

Author(s)
Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co> and Jhonathan Medina <jmedinau@unal.edu.co>

Examples
data(Bogota)
ca <- dudi.coa(Bogota[,2:7],scannf=FALSE,nf=2)
# ade4 style
plotfp(ca$li,eig=ca$eig,main="First Factorial Plane",infaxes="in")
# with ggplot2 and ggrepel
plotfp(ca$li,eig=ca$eig,main="First Factorial Plane",gg=TRUE)

plotpairs Modified pairs plot

Description
Modified pairs plot: marginal kernel densities in diagonal, bivariated kernel densities in triangular
superior; and scatter bivariate plots in triangular inferior

Usage
plotpairs(X,maxg=5,cex=1)

Arguments
X matrix or data.frame of numeric colums
maxg maximum number of variables to plot
cex size of the points in dispersion diagrams

Details
Plot row profiles in horizontal form and columns profiles in vertical form

Value
The function does not return values

Author(s)
Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

Examples
data(iris)
plotpairs(iris[,-5])
28 stableclus

stableclus Stable clusters for cluster analysis

Description

Performs Stable Cluster Algorithm for cluster analysis, using factorial coordinates from a dudi
object

Usage

stableclus(dudi,part,k.clust,ff.clus=NULL,bplot=TRUE,kmns=FALSE)

Arguments

dudi A dudi object, result of a previous factorial analysis using ade4 or FactoClass
part Number of partitions
k.clust Number of clusters in each partition
ff.clus Number of clusters for the final output, if NULL it asks in the console (Default
NULL)
bplot if TRUE, prints frequencies barplot of each cluster in the product partition (De-
fault TRUE)
kmns if TRUE, the process of consolidating the classification is performed (Default
FALSE)

Details

Diday (1972) (cited by Lebart et al. (2006)) presented a method for cluster analysis in an attempt
to solve one of the inconvinients with the kmeans algorithm, which is convergence to local optims.
Stable clusters are built by performing different partitions (using kmeansW algorithmn), each one
with different initial points. The groups are then formed by selecting the individuals belonging to
the same cluster in every partion.

Value

object of class stableclus with the following characteristics:

cluster vector indicating the cluster of each element.

...

Author(s)

Carlos Andres Arias <caariasr@unal.edu.co>, Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

supqual 29

References
Arias, C. A.; Zarate, D.C. and Pardo C.E. (2009), ’Implementacion del metodo de grupos estables
en el paquete FactoClass de R’, in: XIX Simposio Colombiano de Estadistica. Estadisticas Oficiales
Medell?n Colombia, Julio 16 al 20 de 2009 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota. http://
www.docentes.unal.edu.co/cepardot/docs/SimposiosEstadistica/AriasZaratePardo09.pdf
Lebart, L. (2015), ’DtmVic: Data and Text Mining - Visualization, Inference, Classification. Ex-
ploratory statistical processing of complex data sets comprising both numerical and textual data.’,
Web. http://www.dtmvic.com/
Lebart, L., Morineau, A., Lambert, T. and Pleuvret, P. (1999), SPAD. Syst?me Pour L’Analyse des
Don?es, Paris.
Lebart, L., Piron, M. and Morineau, A. (2006), Statisitique exploratoire multidimensionnelle. Vi-
sualisation et inf?rence en fouilles de donn?es, 4 edn, Dunod, Paris.

Examples
data(ColorAdjective)
FCcol <-FactoClass(ColorAdjective, dudi.coa,nf=6,nfcl=10,k.clust=7,scanFC = FALSE)
acs <- FCcol$dudi
# stableclus(acs,3,3,4,TRUE,TRUE)

supqual Projection of Qualitative Variables in PCA and MCA

Description
It returns the coordinates and aids to the interpretation when one or more qualitative variables are
projected as ilustrative in PCA or MCA

Usage
supqual(du,qual)

Arguments
du a object of class “pca” or “acm” (“dudi”) obtained with dudi.pca or dudi.acm
of package ade4
qual a data.frame of qualitative variables as factors

Value
object of class list with the following:

wcat weight of the categories in PCA case

ncat frequency of the categories in MCA case
dis2 square distance to the origin from the complete space
30 Vietnam

coor factorial coordinates

tv test values
cos2 square cosinus
scr relation of correaltion

Author(s)
Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>

Examples
# in PCA
data(admi)
Y<-admi[,2:6]
pcaY<-dudi.pca(Y,scannf=FALSE)
Yqual<-admi[,c(1,8)]
supqual(pcaY,Yqual)
# in MCA
Y<-admi[,c(8,11,9,10)]
mcaY<-dudi.acm(Y,scannf=FALSE)
supqual(mcaY,admi[,c(1,13)])

Vietnam Student opinions about the Vietnam War

Description
The newspaper of the students of the University of Chapel Hill (North Carolina) conducted a survey
of student opinions about the Vietnam War in May 1967. Responses were classified by sex, year in
the program and one of four opinions:

A defeat power of North Vietnam by widespread bombing and land invasion

B follow the present policy
C withdraw troops to strong points and open negotiations on elections involving the Viet Cong
D immediate withdrawal of all U.S. troops

Usage
data(Vietnam)

Format
The 3147 consulted students were classified considering the sex, year of study and chosen strategy,
originating a contingency table of 10 rows: M1 to M5 and F1 to F5 (the years of education are from
1 to 5 and sexes are male (M) and female (F)) and 4 columns A, B, C and D.
ward.cluster 31

Source
Fine, J. (1996), ’Iniciación a los análisis de datos multidimensionales a partir de ejemplos’, Notes
of course, Montevideo

References
Julian Faraway (2007). faraway: Functions and datasets for books by Julian Faraway, R package
version 1.0.2, http://www.maths.bath.ac.uk/

ward.cluster Hierarchic Classification by Ward’s Method

Description
Performs the classification by Ward’s method from the matrix of Euclidean distances.

Usage
ward.cluster(dista, peso = NULL , plots = TRUE, h.clust = 2, n.indi = 25 )

Arguments
dista matrix of Euclidean distances ( class(dista)=="dist" ).
peso (Optional) weight of the individuals, by default equal weights
plots it makes dendrogram and histogram of the Ward’s method
h.clust if it is ’0’ returns a object of class hclust and a table of level indices, if it is ’1’
returns a object of class hclust, if it is ’2’ returns a table of level indices.
n.indi number of indices to draw in the histogram (default 25).

Details
It is an entrance to the function h.clus to obtain the results of the procedure presented in Lebart et
al. (1995). Initially the matrix of distances of Ward of the elements to classify is calculated:
The Ward’s distance between two elements to classify $i$ and $l$ is given by:

W (i, l) = (mi ∗ ml )/(mi + mi ) ∗ dist(i, l)2

where $m_i$ y $m_l$ are the weights and $dist(i,l)$ is the Euclidean distance between them.

Value
It returns an object of class hclust and a table of level indices (depending of h.clust). If plots =
TRUE it draws the indices of level and the dendrogram.
32 Whisky

Author(s)
Pedro Cesar del Campo <pcdelcampon@unal.edu.co>, Campo Elias Pardo <cepardot@unal.edu.co>
http://www.docentes.unal.edu.co/cepardot

References
Lebart, L. and Morineau, A. and Piron, M. (1995) Statisitique exploratoire multidimensionnelle,
Paris.

Examples
data(ardeche)
ca <- dudi.coa(ardeche$tab,scannf=FALSE,nf=4)

ward.cluster( dista= dist(ca$li), peso=ca$lw )

dev.new()
HW <- ward.cluster( dista= dist(ca$li), peso=ca$lw ,h.clust = 1)
plot(HW)
rect.hclust(HW, k=4, border="red")

Whisky Whisky example

Description
Data frame with five features of 35 whisky brands:

price in Frace Francs

malt proportion in percentage
type by malt proportion: low, medium, pure
aging in years
taste mean score of a taste panel

Usage
data(Whisky)

Source
Fine, J. (1996), ’Iniciacion a los analisis de datos multidimensionales a partir de ejemplos’, Notes
of course, Montevideo
Index

∗Topic cluster ward.cluster, 31

FactoClass, 12
kmeansW, 17 addgrids3d, 2
plotFactoClass, 24 admi, 4
stableclus, 28 analisis.clus (FactoClass), 12
∗Topic datasets
admi, 4 Bogota, 5
Bogota, 5
cafe, 5
cafe, 5
centroids, 6
ColorAdjective, 9
chisq.carac, 7
DogBreeds, 10
cluster.carac, 8
icfes08, 17 ColorAdjective, 9
Vietnam, 30
Whisky, 32 DogBreeds, 10
∗Topic hplot dudi.tex, 10
cluster.carac, 8
plot.dudi, 20 Fac.Num, 12
plotcc, 22 FactoClass, 12, 15, 16, 24, 25
plotct, 23 FactoClass.tex, 14, 15
plotFactoClass, 24
plotfp, 25 icfes08, 17
plotpairs, 27
supqual, 29 kmeansW, 17
ward.cluster, 31 kmnsw (kmeansW), 17
∗Topic multivariate
latex (dudi.tex), 10
centroids, 6
latexDF (FactoClass.tex), 15
chisq.carac, 7
list.to.data, 19
cluster.carac, 8
dudi.tex, 10 plot.dudi, 20
Fac.Num, 12 plotcc, 22
FactoClass, 12 plotct, 23
FactoClass.tex, 15 plotFactoClass, 14, 24
kmeansW, 17 plotfp, 25
list.to.data, 19 plotpairs, 27
plot.dudi, 20 print.FactoClass (FactoClass), 12
plotcc, 22 print.FactoClass.tex (FactoClass.tex),
plotFactoClass, 24 15
plotfp, 25
stableclus, 28 roundDF (FactoClass.tex), 15

33
34 INDEX

stableclus, 28
supqual, 29
sutil.grid (plot.dudi), 20

Vietnam, 30

ward.cluster, 31
Whisky, 32