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ATPL Navigation Module: Planning

This document provides an outline for an ATPL navigation module covering general navigation topics like charts, time zones, and flight instruments in Week 1. Week 2 covers topics related to radio navigation like fundamentals of radiowave propagation, different types of radio navigation aids, and basic radar principles. It includes details of topics to be covered each day across both weeks, as well as bullet point checklists of sub-topics to ensure coverage of key concepts for each navigation topic.

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Tony Johnson
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193 views

ATPL Navigation Module: Planning

This document provides an outline for an ATPL navigation module covering general navigation topics like charts, time zones, and flight instruments in Week 1. Week 2 covers topics related to radio navigation like fundamentals of radiowave propagation, different types of radio navigation aids, and basic radar principles. It includes details of topics to be covered each day across both weeks, as well as bullet point checklists of sub-topics to ensure coverage of key concepts for each navigation topic.

Uploaded by

Tony Johnson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ATPL Navigation module

Planning

Week 1 General navigation


D1 (4h) D2 (4h) D3 (4h)
Longitude&Latitude, Charts Charts Projections, Time zone 1 in 60 RULE, INS
Position, Charts Departure and Flight instruments: Directional
Convergency, Gyroscope, Compasses

Week 2 Radio navigation


D4 (4h) D5 (4h) D6 (4h)
Radio Fundamentals, NDB, VOR, ILS, DME RADAR, RNAV, GNSS, ADS-B
Radiowave propagation

Bulletin Point Check List

Week 1 General navigation


1. Navigation charts
1.1 Lambert Conformal Conic Projection:
(a) review properties:
(i) great circles, rhumb lines, rules lines;
(ii) scales, chart convergence;
(b) brief comparison with properties of other projections:
(i) Mercator;
(ii) Polar sterographic.
1.2 Use of AIP (MAP) charts.

2 Time zones
(a) brief review:
(i) time zones, date line;
(ii) LMT, LST, UTC;
(iii) conversion from LMT/LST to UTC and vice versa;
(b) practical examples of LST arrival/departure calculations for flights across time zones:
(i) with and without date line involvement.

3 Flight instruments
3.1 Air data instruments:
(a) review of altimeter, ASI, VSI, IVSI and Machmeter:
(i) principles of operation;
(ii) errors;
(iii) relationship between IAS, CAS, EAS, TAS and TMN;
(b) modern instrumentation:
(i) integrated displays;
(ii) EFIS;
(iii) standby instruments.
3.2 Air data computer (ADC):
(a) principles of operation;
(b) input and output data;
(c) uses of output data.
3.3 Gyroscopic principles:
(a) rigidity, precession:
(i) real and apparent precession;
(ii) correcting for precession;
(b) types of gyros in common use:
(i) mechanical;
(ii) laser gyros;
(c) gyro platforms:
(i) two- and three-dimensional stability;
(d) introduce concept of self-contained instruments versus gyro-platform output displays.

4 Compasses
4.1 Direct reading compass:
(a) principle of operation and errors;
(b) advantages and disadvantages.
4.2 Slaved gyro-stabilised compass:
(a) principles of operation;
(b) errors;
(c) advantages and disadvantages;
(d) uses of output data.
4.3 Inertial heading:
(a) use of a gyro platform to compute true heading:
(i) principles;
(ii) significance of initial positions insert;
(b) magnetic heading as a modification of true heading.

Week 2 Radio navigation


5 Radiowave propagation
5.1 Terminology:
(a) understand general principles of radio propagation;
(b) understand and be able to use in correct sense:
(i) wavelength;
(ii) amplitude;
(iii) frequency;
(iv) phase angle;
(v) frequency bands;
(vi) the following sidebands:
(A) SSB;
(B) LSB;
(C) USB;
(vii) carrier;
(viii) modulation, including the following:
(A) amplitude;
(B) frequency;
(C) pulse;
(D) multiplex;
(ix) demodulation.
5.2 Wave propagation:
(a) groundwaves, space (direct) waves, skywaves;
(b) propagation within the frequency bands;
(c) factors affecting reception:
(i) fading;
(ii) static;
(d) use of HF for communications:
(i) frequency prognosis;
(ii) SELCAL.
5.3 Antennas:
(a) function/purpose of antennas;
(b) types of antennas in common use for aircraft:
(i) uses;
(ii) characteristics (outline only):
(A) directionality;
(B) polarisation.

6 Radio NavAids
6.1 ADF (including NDBs and use of RMI):
(a) application for navigation;
(b) principles;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) coverage;
(e) range;
(f) errors and accuracy;
(g) factors affecting range and accuracy.
6.2 VOR and Doppler-VOR (including use of RMI):
(a) application for navigation;
(b) principles;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) coverage;
(e) range;
(f) errors and accuracy;
(g) factors affecting range and accuracy.
6.3 DME (distance measurement equipment):
(a) application for navigation;
(b) principles;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) range;
(e) errors and accuracy;
(f) factors affecting range and accuracy.
6.4 ILS (instrument landing system):
(a) application for navigation;
(b) principles;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) coverage;
(e) range;
(f) errors and accuracy;
(g) factors affecting range and accuracy.
6.5 MLS (microwave landing system):
(a) application for navigation;
(b) principles;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) coverage;
(e) range;
(f) errors and accuracy;
(g) factors affecting range and accuracy.

7 Route navigation
7.1 Route selection:
(a) great circle tracks;
(b) choice of speed and flight level;
(c) ETOPS considerations.
7.2 Navigation on climb and descent:
(a) wind and temperature variations:
(i) desirability of allowing for variations;
(ii) availability of data in actual situations.
(b) weather/traffic avoidance:
(i) concept of track miles.
(c) allowance for use of anti-ice equipment:
(i) reduced rate of climb;
(ii) reduced rate of descent.
7.3 Use of radio NavAids:
(a) requirement for regular position fixing;
(b) use of navaid position lines to establish position:
(i) along track;
(ii) across track;
(iii) desired/preferred form of P/L intersections;
(c) computer-controlled navaid receivers:
(i) auto-tuning;
(ii) manual selection;
(iii) precautions.
7.4 Calculation of track and groundspeed:
(a) review basic track and groundspeed calculations:
(i) plotted positions, IAS/TAS/GS, HDG/TRK;
(ii) determination of wind velocity (track and groundspeed methods only);
(iii) calculation of ETAs, EETs;
(b) review ETP and PNR calculations;
(c) inflight diversion to fixed point:
(i) last PSD;
(ii) time and fuel required.

8 Basic radar principles


8.1 Pulse techniques and associated terminology.
8.2 Ground radar:
(a) coverage of ATC radars, factors affecting range and accuracy;
(b) facilities provided by Met radars for storm warning and avoidance.
8.3 Airborne weather radar:
(a) principles;
(b) types;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) factors affecting range and accuracy.
8.4 SSR (secondary surveillance radar) and transponder:
(a) principles;
(b) application for traffic control;
(c) presentation and interpretation;
(d) advantages compared to primary radar for traffic control.
8.5 Radio altimeter:
(a) principle of operation;
(b) display;
(c) accuracy, errors.

9 Area navigation systems


9.1 Type of systems
(a) Self-contained on-board systems including the following;
(i) INS;
(ii) DOPPLER;
(b) External sensor systems including the following:
(i) VOR and DME;
(ii) GNSS.
9.2 General principles:
(a) inputs required:
(i) air data inputs;
(ii) other inputs;
(b) outputs generated:
(i) types of outputs;
(ii) uses.
9.3 RNAV systems:
(a) principle of VOR/DME area navigation (RNAV);
(b) advantages and disadvantages;
(c) limitations and restrictions:
(i) errors, accuracy, reliability;
(ii) coverage;
(iii) range.
(d) typical control panel.
9.4 Reserved:
9.5 Satellite navigation systems:
(a) principle of GNSS navigation:
(i) elements of GNSS (for example, GPS, GLONASS);
(b) advantages and disadvantages;
(c) limitations and restrictions:
(i) errors, accuracy, reliability;
(ii) coverage;
(iii) range;
(d) typical control panel;
(e) approvals for IFR Navigation;
(f) GNSS system enhancements (for example, DGNSS, GLS, WAAS).
9.6 Updating area navigation systems:
(a) need for updating position;
(b) requirements for updating:
(i) manual inserting;
(ii) automatic updating;
(iii) inhibiting updating;
(a) common indications when system updates position.

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