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Effects of Particle Size On Drying

This document summarizes an experiment on the effects of particle size in drying using a tray dryer. The objective is to produce drying curves and drying rate curves for wet sand of different particle sizes dried with air of fixed temperature and humidity. Wet sand screened to 60 mesh will be dried on trays in a tray dryer over time, with temperature and mass recorded every 5 minutes. Moisture content, drying rate, and drying curves will be calculated and plotted to observe the effects of particle size on drying behavior.

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Ashley Perida
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870 views

Effects of Particle Size On Drying

This document summarizes an experiment on the effects of particle size in drying using a tray dryer. The objective is to produce drying curves and drying rate curves for wet sand of different particle sizes dried with air of fixed temperature and humidity. Wet sand screened to 60 mesh will be dried on trays in a tray dryer over time, with temperature and mass recorded every 5 minutes. Moisture content, drying rate, and drying curves will be calculated and plotted to observe the effects of particle size on drying behavior.

Uploaded by

Ashley Perida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical Engineering Department

School Year 2019 - 2020

Unit Operations Laboratory 2


51107 / Monday / 14:00-17:00

Effects of Particle Size in Drying

Members: Student No.

Aranda, Jairene E. 201511335

Bonifacio, Sheedah B. 201510904

Cauilan, Estelle Jean B. 201511807

Deduque, Daphnie Anne B. 201510619

Pabalan, Christal Aila D. 201512298

Perida, Ashley Mae L. 201510609

Engr. Pinky Joy A. Janaban

Instructor
Chemical Engineering Department

School Year 2019 - 2020

Abstract

The objective of this experiment is to produce drying and drying rate curves for a wet

solid being dried with air of fixed temperature and humidity and the influence of particle size on

the drying behavior of wet solid in air of fixed temperature and humidity. In this experiment, the

main equipment used is the tray dryer and the sample is wet sand. The temperature and mass of

sample were recorded every 5 minutes. At the end of the experiment, the moisture content and

the drying rate were calculated along with the graphs being plotted for a clearer observations of

the experiment.

Introduction

Drying is a process by which volatile materials, usually water, are evaporated from a

material to yield a solid product. It is a complex operation involving transfer of heat and mass

along with several rate processes which may cause changes in product quality as well as the

mechanisms of heat and mass transfer. Physical changes that may occur include: shrinkage,

puffing, crystallization, and glass transitions. In some cases, desirable or undesirable chemical o

biochemical reactions may occur leading to changes in color, texture, odor or other properties of

the solid product.

There are two main methods of drying namely, batch and continuous drying. In batch

drying, an amount of feed material is being dried at a specific amount of time. It is usually a

semi-batch process where a certain amount of material is exposed to a continuously flowing

stream of drying medium into which the moisture evaporates. Normally, batch drying is operated
Chemical Engineering Department

School Year 2019 - 2020

at unsteady-state conditions. On the other hand, continuous drying employs the continuous flow

of feed material and drying medium in to the equipment. The process involves continuous

contact between the substances and operates at steady-state conditions.

Theory

Drying occurs by effecting vaporization of the liquid by supplying heat to the wet

feedstock. Heat may be supplied by convection through direct dryers, by conduction through

indirect dryers or radiation by placing the wet material in a microwave or radio frequency

electromagnetic field. Direct dryers operate where heat is supplied by direct contact of the

substance with hot gas into which evaporation takes place. Indirect dryers operate where heat is

independently supplied to carry away the vaporized moisture. Over 85% of industrial dryers are

of convective type with hot air or direct combustion gases as the drying medium. Over 99% of

applications involve removal of water. All modes except radiation waves supply heat at the

boundaries of the drying object so that the heat must diffuse into the solid by conduction. The

liquid must travel to the boundary of material before it is transported away by the drying

medium.

In tray dryers, the sample is spread out, generally quite thinly, on trays in which the

drying takes place. Heating may be by an air current sweeping across the trays, by conduction

from heated trays or heated shelves on which the trays lie, or by radiation from heated surfaces.

Most tray dryers are heated by air, which also removes the moist vapours.

Experimental Procedure
Chemical Engineering Department

School Year 2019 - 2020

Prepare four trays from the dryer. Weigh each tray and record. Collect enough stock sand

and screen it to mesh 60 using a sieve shaker. Fill the four trays to a depth approximately 10mm.

Weigh the sand-filled trays and record. Saturate the sand with water, be careful to avoid spillage.

After which, measure again the trays and record the findings. Load the four trays to the dryer and

start the drying process. At predetermined time intervals, measure the temperature of the vital

points in the dryer using digital thermometers. This may require several people in order to

efficiently obtain the correct temperature readings. Record the temperatures. After the drying

process, measure again the weight of the sand-filled trays and record. Use the data obtained in

order to produce the drying curve

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

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