UTILITY MODEL

TITLE- Lemon Peel Oil

A BRIEF STATEMENT OF ITS NATURE AND PURPOSES

 This manual has been prepared as guide to the operation of the Lemon Peel Oil
Extraction. This manual is not intended to be a complete explanation on the
composition and uses of peel oil. Although oil extraction may differ in design or layout,
these can operate at its peak efficiency capability by following the guidance offered in
this manual.

 Peel Oil Source

The outer peel, called the flavedo, of citrus fruit has a large number of very small glands,
each containing a minute drop of essential oil. The efficient recovery of this essential oil,
commonly called peel oil, is an important function in well-managed citrus processing
plants. Peel oil is a valuable product that is further refined into many different
compounds. These chemical compounds are considered highly desirable by many
because they are derived from an organic source rather than from a petroleum source.
Uses for these naturally occurring organic compounds range from flavoring foods and
beverages to improving the effectiveness of biodegradable cleaning solutions.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS
 Oil Characteristics

Lemon peel oils have natural antioxidant properties that have proven useful in
protecting the flavor and other quality characteristics of citrus juices and concentrates.
Oils generally have the characteristic odor and flavor of the fruit from which they are
obtained. The major chemical classes present in the peel oil are terpenes and the
hydrocarbon.

The appearance of the oil varies from water clear to deep opaque amber. Lemon oil can
range from a deep emerald green to yellow, depending on fruit variety and maturity.
Usually, only heat-distilled oils are clear in color, while cold-pressed oils take on a
characteristic color of the fruit from which they are produced. A cloudy appearance can
be the result of bacterial action or from wax precipitation (most common cause).

For maximum quality protection, lemon oil should not come into contact with metals
other than stainless steel.
COMPLETE AND DETAILED ENABLING DESCRIPTION

Essential oils are great for freshening up before heading out for the day, bringing a pleasant
citrus scent to the home, and can be used in a variety of cooking or craft recipes. Making your
own essential oil can be done easily at home, with just a few ingredients found around the
home.

How to Extract Oil from Fruit Peels:

Method 1- Extracting Oil by Cold Pressing

 Wash the materials. This includes your hands and the fruit you will be extracting oil
from. Cold pressing doesn’t involve chemicals for extraction, so it’s important to
thoroughly wash the fruit to remove bacteria.
- It takes about 25 pieces of citrus fruit to produce a useful amount of oil this way.

 Peel the fruit. Remove the rind of the fruit with a peeler or knife and place it to the side.
You may also remove the rind of the fruit with your fingers if you desire, but this can
cause a greater amount of pulp and other fruit material to end up in the oils, which will
need to be removed later.
- The greatest concentration of oils in most fruit is contained in the outer layer of the
rind. The lighter portion of the rind contains much less oil.
- You can use an electric peeler to obtain the skin of the fruit, but note that this may
produce more pulp than a hand peeled method.

 Reuse the leftover peels. Once the fruit is peeled, you can use the leftover fruit for
cooking or eating. There are a variety of uses for the leftover fruit peel, even after
pressing. Rather than composting the peel, try:
- Keeping the peels in a small bag and hanging it somewhere to keep the room
smelling zesty.
- The oil in orange peel, limonene, acts as a repellant for several types of insects.
- Toss a few peels into the garbage disposal and give them a good grinding to freshen
up the smell of your sink.

 Press the fruit peel. Use a pressing device, such as a sieve, to squeeze the fruit peel over
a jar. Heavy pressure will squeeze liquid from the peel - this liquid contains the oils
you're looking for. Use a fair amount of strength when pressing, but take care not to
 damage or break the implement you are using. You should see a small amount of oil
drain from the peel after a few seconds.
- Cold pressing peel is quite a bit of effort for what looks to be a fairly small amount of
oil. Don’t get discouraged. The oil is quite potent.
- A garlic press is a great way of pressing small amounts of fruit peel with ease. A
mortar and pestle may also be used, though this method is a little more labor
intensive and difficult.

 Separate the oils. Allow the liquid squeezed from the peel to stand for a few days. The
oil will separate from the rest of the liquid, which can then be collected. A centrifuge
can also be used to separate the oil from the rest of the liquid.
- A simple way of collecting the oil from the liquid is placing the liquid in the freezer.
The oil will remain in its liquid form while the remainder freezes, allowing you to
pour out the oil.
- Oil extracted this way has a small shelf life. Try to use any oil created within a 6
month period.

 Apply when needed. Bottle the oil that you extract from the liquid for later use. Dab a
little on your skin for a fresh smell, or use some in cooking recipes that require essential
oil. Remember that the oil is very concentrate – a little will go a long way.

Method 2- Distilling Essential Oil with Alcohol

 Peel your fruit and lay the rinds out to dry. Allow them to air dry until the peels are hard
to the touch. This can take anywhere from a few days to up to a week, so remain
patient.
- Avoid the use of a dehydrator or other drying mechanisms when drying the peels.
This can compromise the oil stored in the peels.

 Cut the peels into small pieces. Once the peels are completely dry, cut the peels into
small pieces. You can use a knife, vegetable dicer, or food processor to accomplish this.
Take care not to over dice or process the peels however, as this can compromise the oils
contained in the peels.
- Over diced peels will take on a liquid, minced appearance. Avoid expressing liquid
from the peels prior to the distillation process.
 Place the peels in a jar and cover with grain alcohol. Pour enough alcohol into the jar to
completely cover the peels. The alcohol should rest roughly an inch above the top of
where the peels rest. Allow the jar to sit for several days.
- Vodka can be used for the distilling process, but may slightly affect the scent of the
oil, depending on the type of vodka used.
- Place the jar in a location that gets plenty of sunlight to help the separation process.
- Shake the jar several times a day. Give the jar a shake each day to help separate the
oil from the peels.

 Strain the liquid from the peels. After several days have passed, use a coffee filter to
strain the liquid into a second jar. Place a coffee filter or cloth over the second jar, and
allow all of the alcohol in the jar to evaporate. This can take up to a week or more.
- Oil evaporates much more slowly than water or similar types of liquids. Though oil
can technically evaporate, the water will evaporate before the oil, leaving just the oil
behind.

 Apply when needed. After the alcohol has evaporated, all that will remain is the oil.
Bottle the oil for later use. Dab a little on your skin for a fresh smell, or use some in
cooking recipes that require essential oil. Remember that the oil is very concentrate – a
little will go a long way.
- Always test a small amount on your skin first in case you have a reaction to the peel
oil.
- Skin sprayed with citrus oil should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Citrus oil is
phototoxic, meaning direct sunlight can contribute to sunburn, blisters and other
harmful skin conditions.
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION

This paper describes the high-value utilization of citrus peel waste, in which ethanol was used
to assist the extraction of essential oils and served as the activating agent for the further
preparation of activated carbons.

The main objective of this research is to extract essential oil from lemon (citrus limon) peels by
two methods: distillation and cold pressing.

Lemon Peel Essential Oil is an economic, eco-friendly and natural alternatives to chemical
preservatives and other synthetic antioxidants, such as sodium nitrites, nitrates or benzoates,
commonly utilized in food preservation. Citrus based essential oils are obtained mainly from the
peels of citrus fruits which are largely discarded as wastes and cause environmental problems.
The extraction of citrus oils from the waste peels not only saves environment but can be used in
various applications including food preservation.

Lemon oil is an essential oil present within the rind of wall of a citrus fruit. In contrast to most
essential oils, it is extracted as a by-product of juice extraction by centrifugation, producing cold
pressed oil. It is found in all citrus fruits like lemon, orange, sweat lime etc. In the present
investigation lemon (Citrus Limon) peels is used for the extraction of citrus oil.

Lemon is one of the most common fruits with a lot of Vitamin-C nutritional value; its juice is
most consumed after mixing with water for its dietary benefits during summer. After extraction
of juice, the lemon peels are treated as waste and lead to environmental pollution due to
improper disposal which can be used for the extraction of citrus oil. This paper focuses on
improved distillation, where the lemon peels are air dried before subjecting to distillation.
The Utility Model
Lemon Peel Oil

Lemon Peel Oil finish product

after one week placed in sunlight
to help the separation process.