Flood Routing

Flood Routing
Engineering Hydrology (CE-1848)

Department of Civil Engineering
Instructor: Dr. Pramod Soni
MNNIT Allahabad
INTRODUCTION
• Flood routing is the technique of determining the flood
hydrograph at a section of a river by utilizing the data of
flood flow at one or more upstream sections.
• The hydrologic analysis of problems such as flood
forecasting, flood protection, reservoir design and spillway
design invariably include flood routing.
• In these applications two broad categories of routing can be
recognized. These are:
• Reservoir routing, and
• Channel routing
INTRODUCTION
• A variety of routing methods are available and they can be broadly
classified into two categories as:
• Hydrologic routing, and
• Hydraulic routing.
• Hydrologic-routing methods employ essentially the equation of
continuity.
• Hydraulic methods, on the other hand, employ the continuity equation
together with the equation of motion of unsteady flow.
• The basic differential equations used in the hydraulic routing, known
as St. Venant equations afford a better description of unsteady flow
than hydrologic methods.
Reservoir Routing
• In Reservoir routing the effect of a flood wave entering a reservoir
is studied.
• Knowing the volume-elevation characteristic of the reservoir and
the outflow-elevation relationship for the spillways and other
outlet structures in the reservoir, the effect of a flood wave
entering the reservoir is studied to predict the variations of
reservoir elevation and outflow discharge with time.
• This form of reservoir routing is essential
• In the design of the capacity of spillways and other reservoir outlet
structures, and
• In the location and sizing of the capacity of reservoirs to meet specific
requirements.
Channel routing.
• In Channel routing the change in the shape of a hydrograph as it
travels down a channel is studied. By considering a channel reach
and an input hydrograph at the upstream end, this form of routing
aims to predict the flood hydrograph at various sections of the
reach.
• Information on the flood-peak attenuation and the duration of
high-water levels obtained by channel routing is of utmost
importance in flood- forecasting operations and flood-protection
works.
Basic Equations
HYDROLOGIC STORAGE ROUTING
(LEVEL POOLROUTING)
HYDROLOGIC STORAGE ROUTING
(LEVEL POOLROUTING)
MODIFIED PuL’s METHOD
Example-1
GOODRICH METHOD
Example-2
Example-2
STANDARD FOURTH ORDER RuNGE KUTTA
METHOD (SRK)
• The Pul’s method and Goodrich method of level pool routing are
essentially semi-graphical methods. While they can be used for writing
programs for use in a computer, a more efficient computation
procedure can be achieved by use of any of the Runge-
STANDARD FOURTH ORDER RuNGE KUTTA
METHOD (SRK)
HYDROLOGIC CHANNEL ROUTING
• In reservoir routing presented in the previous sections,
the storage was a unique function of the outflow
discharge, S = f(Q). However, in channel routing the
storage is a function of both outflow and inflow
discharges and hence a different routing method is
needed. The flow in a river during a flood belongs to the
category of gradually varied unsteady flow. The water
surface in a channel reach is not only not parallel to the
channel bottom but also varies with time (Fig. 8.7).
Considering a channel reach having a flood flow, the
total volume in storage can be considered under two
categories as
• Prism storage
• Wedge storage
Storage Types
• PRISM STORAGE
• It is the volume that would exist if the uniform flow occurred at the downstream depth, i.e. the
volume formed by an imaginary plane parallel to the channel bottom drawn at the outflow section
water surface.
where K and x are coefficients and m = a constant exponent. It has been found that the value of m varies
from 0.6 for rectangular channels to a value of about 1.0 for natural channels.
MUSKINGUM EQUATION
ESTIMATION OF K AND x
If an inflow and outflow hydrograph set is
available for a given reach, values of S at various
time intervals can be determined by the above
technique. By choosing a trial value of x, values
of S at any time t are plotted against the
corresponding [xI + (1-x) Q] values. If the value
of x is chosen correctly, a straight-line
relationship as given by Eq. (8.12) will result.
However, if an incorrect value of x is used, the
plotted points will trace a looping curve. By trial
and error, a value of x is so chosen that the data
very nearly describe a straight line (Fig 8.9). The
inverse slope of this straight line will give the
value of K. Normally, for natural channels, the
value of x lies between 0 to 0.3. For a given
reach, the values of x and K are assumed to be
constant.
Example-3
Solution
MUSKINGUM METHOD OF ROUTING
HYDRAULIC METHOD OF FLOOD
ROUTING
• The hydraulic method of flood routing is essentially a solution of the basic St Venant
equations [Eqs (8.4) and (8.5)]. These equations are simultaneous, quasi-linear, first
order partial differential equations of the hyperbolic type and are not amenable to
general analytical solutions.
• Only for highly simplified cases can one obtain the analytical solution of these equations.
The development of modern, high- speed digital computers during the past two decades has
given rise to the evolution of many sophisticated numerical techniques. The various numerical
methods for solving St Venant equations can be broadly classified into two categories:
• 1. Approximate methods 2. Complete numerical methods.
CLARK’S METHOD FOR IUH
TIME-AREA CURVE
Time here refers to the time of concentration. As defined earlier in Sec. 7.2, the time of concentration tc is the
time required for a unit volume of water from the farthest point of catchment to reach the outlet. It represents
the maximum time of translation of the surface runoff of the catchment. In gauged areas the time interval between
the end of the rainfall excess and the point of inflection of the resulting surface runoff (Fig. 8.10) provides a
good way of estimating tc from known rainfall-runoff data In ungauged areas the empirical formulae Eq. (7.3)
or (7.4) can be used to estimate tc.
• The total catchment area drains into the outlet in
t1. hours. If points on the area having equal time
of travel, (say t1 h where t1 < tc), are considered
and located on a map of the catchment, a line
joining them is called an lsochrone (or runoff
isochrone). Figure (8.11) shows a catchment being
divided into N=8 subareas by isochrones having an
equal time interval. To assist in drawing isochrones,
the longest water course is chosen and its profile
plotted as elevation vs distance from the outlet; the
distance is then divided into N parts and the
elevations of the subparts measured on the profile
transferred to the contour map of the catchment.
Routing
Example
Flood Control Measures
THANK YOU

Flood Routing - 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Flood Routing - 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Flood Routing - 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Hydrology (CE-1848)

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.