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SECTION 3 - GAS TURBINE START SYSTEMS (MARS 100 START SYSTEM)

General Description
The ac direct start system provides the starting power for the engine. The start
system includes the following: refer to the Electric Start System Schematic (149471).
1. Starter motor adapter assembly
2. Starter motor
3. Variable frequency drive

3.1 Component Descriptions

1. Starter Motor-to-Engine Mount Pad Adapter Assembly

Starter Motor-to-Engine Mount Pad Adapter Assembly (A920) is attached to
Starter Motor (B330). The adapter assembly allows motor B330 to be connected to the
engine mounting pad.

Starter Motor

2. Starter Motor
Starter Motor (B330), installed on the front of the accessory drive assembly, is a
squirrel cage induction, 15-minute inverter duty, polyphase-type motor. The motor
provides high breakaway torque, and will accelerate the engine from standstill to starter
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dropout speed. The motor power is provided by Variable Frequency Drive (VFD430). The
motor also incorporates a space heater.

Starter Motor
VSD
3. Variable Frequency Drive

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD430) is a general purpose,

variable speed, ac controller. Installed offskid, the variable
frequency drive incorporates a keypad/display which can be
used to program, through software, configuration
adjustments.

3.2 Functional Description

3.2.1 Starting Sequence Mars Single Stage Compressor

The starting sequence is initiated by pressing the start button. Upon pressing the
start button, the fuel gas valve and pre lube pressure checks are conducted. Along with this
the enclosure pressurization and fan operation is also checked.
STARTING Light (DS114) begins flashing. Fuel system valve check sequence
begins. Post lubricating backup pump is tested for operation, post lubricating oil pump is
started, and prelubrication begins. Enclosure ventilation fan is energized.

Valve check sequence

The fuel gas valve checks the integrity of the primary and secondary fuel gas valves
in the package. Gas Fuel Valve Check Pressure Switch (S342-1) checks pressure between
shutoff valve V2P931-1 and Gas Fuel Pressure Control Valve/Secondary Shutoff Valve
(PCV932). If pressure is greater than the minimal setpoint, Gas Fuel Vent Solenoid Valve
(L341-3) is energized and the gas pressure between shutoff valve V2P931-1 and secondary
shutoff valve PCV932 is vented.
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After 20 seconds, pressure switch S342-1 checks for pressure. If pressure has not
decreased below the setpoint, a leaking shutoff valve V2P931-1 is indicated. The start is
aborted and a GAS FUEL VALVE FAIL malfunction is annunciated.
When the pressure drops below the setpoint, solenoid valve L341-3 is de-energized,
shutoff valve V2P931-1 is opened, and gas is admitted into the fuel system.
After 2 seconds, the primary valve open delay timer times out and pressure switch
S342-1 and Low Gas Fuel Regulator Differential Pressure Switch (S342-2) check for
pressure. If the pressure is below the setpoint of either switch, a faulty shutoff valve
V2P931-1 is indicated. The start is aborted and a GAS FUEL VALVE FAIL malfunction
is annunciated.
When the pressure is verified, shutoff valve V2P931-1 closes and pressure becomes
trapped between shutoff valve V2P931-1 and secondary shutoff valve PCV932. The
secondary valve leak check timer starts.
After 20 seconds, pressure switch S342-1 checks for pressure. If the pressure is
below the minimal setpoint, a leaking secondary shutoff valve PCV932 is indicated. The
start is aborted and a GAS FUEL VALVE FAIL malfunction is annunciated.
When proper pressure is verified, the trapped gas pressure flows through secondary
shutoff valve PCV932 and throttle valve AO931 into the engine.
After 25 seconds switch S342-1 checks pressure between shutoff valve V2P931-1 and
secondary shutoff valve PCV932. If the pressure is above the setpoint, a faulty shutoff
valve V2P931-1 is indicated. The start is aborted and a GAS FUEL VALVE FAIL
malfunction is annunciated.

Prelube cheks
When the start cycle begins, the control system tests Postlube Backup Lube Oil
Pump/Motor Assembly (BP903). If pump/motor assembly BP903 pressure reaches 6 psi
(41.4 kPa), the control system deactivates pump/motor assembly BP903 and then activates
Pre/Post Lube Oil Pump/Motor Assembly (BP902). If pump/motor assembly BP902
pressure reaches 10 psi (68.9 kPa), the control system allows the engine prelube cycle to
begin.
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Prelube cycle
After the lube oil pump checks are completed, the prelube time out timer (10
seconds) is started. The prelube time out timer is the allowable time for pump/motor
assembly BP902 to complete the prelube cycle.
When the lube oil pressure is greater than the prelube low pressure limit of 8 psi (55.1
kPa), the prelube timer (5 seconds) is started. The engine must be prelubed at a pressure
above 8 psi (55.1 kPa) continuously for the duration of the prelube timer (5 seconds).
This prelube must occur within the time of the prelube time out timer (10 seconds).
If the prelube timer times out before the prelube is done, the start is aborted and a prelube
failed fast stop non-lockout alarm is annunciate on the control console.
If the lube oil pressure increases above 25 psi (172.25 kPa) at anytime during the prelube
cycle, a LUBE OIL HIGH PRESSURE alarm is annunciate on the control console.
The prelube cycle lasts for 30 seconds.

Seal system check

The shutoff valve for the seal system is opened and pressure is checked to have
correct seal gas DP, buffer air DP and secondary seal vent flow.
A 30 second delay is allowed in the seal system checks before an alarm is announced if
there is a problem.
If no alarms show up during the seal system checks after 30 seconds, start sequence can
continue.
With all seal systems checked, the yard valves are ready to be operated to
pressurize the system.

Compressor yard valve sequence

Before start with compressor is shutdown condition and cold (no pressure in the
compressor bodies) the positions of the valves are as follows.
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Valve Tag Open Close

Suction Loading Valve SDV 2672 X
Suction Valve SDV 2671 X
Anti Surge Valve SDV 2681 X
Vent Valve BDV 2693 X
Discharge Loading Valve SDV 2692 X
Discharge Valve SDV 2691 X

Pressurization of the system is by opening the suction loading valve. Upon opening of the
loading valve, compressor purge timer is initiated.
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10 seconds after the start of the purge timer, the anti surge valve (SDV 2681) closes to
allow purge through the compressor body.
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The purge cycle continues until it times out, then closes the vent valve (BDV 2693) and
opens the anti surge valve (SDV2681). The suction loading valve (SDV 2672) stays open
and continues compressor pressurization.
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After the delta pressure across the suction loading valve (SDV 2672) is less than 20 psid,
the suction valve (SDV 2671) opens and the suction loading valve closes.
The discharge loading valve (SDV 2691) opens upon the command to open the suction
valve (SDV 2671) is given.
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When the delta pressure across the discharge loading valve (SDV 2691) is less than
20 psid, the discharge valve (SDV 2691) opens.
The anti surge valve remains open until loading speed is reached. Loading speed is user
selectable from between 70% to 95% of NGP and is determined by process conditions.
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The System is now ready to start

Valve Tag Open Close
Suction Loading Valve SDV 2672 X
Suction Valve SDV 2671 X
Anti Surge Valve SDV 2681 X
Vent Valve BDV 2693 X
Discharge Loading Valve SDV 2692 X
Discharge Valve SDV 2691 X
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Engine start sequence

After the yard valves are in ready for start condition above, [PURGE CRANK] is
annunciated, the starter motor is energized and engine purge cranking cycle begins.
After purge cycle is completed, starter is de-energized and the engine coasts down
to light off speed. When light off speed is detected, the starter is re-energized,
[STARTING] is annunciated, and the ignition system and fuel valve solenoids are
energized. Gas fuel is admitted to the igniter torch and fuel injectors, and the mixture is
ignited in the presence of combustion air. ). [IGNITION] is annunciated and fuel torch and
ignition are shut off. The start counter registers a successful start. Light off [400°F
(204°C) ] occurs within the next few seconds and combustion begins. STARTING Light
(DS114) stops flashing and remains illuminated.
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3.3 Mars 100 Compressor Set - Start Sequence Diagram

NOTE : CURVE LEGEND : = Ngp = Npt Speed = at Auto control Set Point
NOTE : Annunciations are shown in RED font. after manual ramp
Bleed Valve begins to close at 70%Ngp (corrected) and is closed at 80%Ngp
Speed (corrected). IGV start to open at 80%Ngp (corrected) & are open at 92%Ngp
Ngp (corrected).
Npt

Auto Speed = at control

Set Point

100+ OVERSPEED shutdown Ngp = 105% NPT =

100.9% Warm
up time
90 88 / 90%Ngp “On Load” & Surge Valve *
enabled
78 Ngp Idle
Speed
65 Starter Motor Drop Out Speed

MAIN. FUEL RAMP

ON LOAD once >
Cranking starts MIN. FUEL = Loading Speed
= PURGE CRANK (88 / 90% Ngp) <
10 min. from *
READY TO LOAD
Engine purge Timer 10
20 - 25 sec.
T5 Set Point
change
15 (50% Ngp)

0
Speed Manually Time
T5 > 400F + < Increased
The
Pre-start engine continues to
permissives accelerate and orengine
10 seconds temperature increases. Power turbine
=
Manual
IGNITION FAIL Auto Speed Control
1 Backup & Auxillary Lube OR
breaks away.
Oil Pump At approximately 61 percent Ngp, the combustor bleed valve Selected
Checks begins to close. Auto.
2 Fuel Valve Checks Combustion starts
Pre-start
Engine speed
3 Seal Gas reaches 65 percent.
Checks The LIGHTOFF
= T5> 400F= engine-driven lubricating oil pump provides
4 Gas Compressor purge
package
checks sufficient lubricating
& pressurisation oil flow at a minimum of 35 psi (241 kPa) and post lubricating
Prelube. READY TO pump
LOAD
IGNITION command ON =
- safe to
Fuel valves + torch +
start and stops. The start system is switched off and the starter
ignition circuit
clutch overruns. The vibration
PT “Break-away” – varies with load,
no alarms Engine purge done = Starter
Motor stop command. AG @ 45%Ngp Export @ 60% Ngp
or inhibits monitoring system switches from offset to normal settings.
= READY Starter Motor re-start command
for start ramp
The engine starts/engine hours meter (M210) begins to log engine operating hours.
ON LOAD and
STARTING at Set Point
STARTING Light (DS114) is extinguished and [RUNNING] is annunciated. The engine
proceeds to no load idle speed. (78%) The engineRUNNING
Press “Start”
remains at idle speed until the
temperature stabilizes. To load the compressor the operator then increases engine speed to
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loading speed by pressing INCREASE Switch (S154). Loading speed is set between 85 to
90 % NGP. Upon reaching loading speed, the anti surge valve(s) of the compressor is
closed. Upon start of loading, surge parameters are monitored to ensure that compressor
operates within the surge envelope set.
At 80% Ngp the combustor bleed valve is closed and the variable guide vanes
begin to open. At approximately 92 percent Ngp the variable guide vanes are fully opened.
The guide vanes are actively modulated to reach maximum speed for maximum efficiency
at maximum T5 temperature. Maximum speed of the GP is 103.6%.