| W H AT T O E X P E C T F R O M C E N D R I LLO N

IT IS THE MOST BELOVED FAIRY TALE OF ALL TIME: A YOUNG WOMAN THE WORK:
of unmatched grace, beauty, and goodness overcomes the abuse of her CENDRILLON

stepfamily, profits from the help of a fairy godmother, wins the heart of a An opera in four acts, sung in French

royal suitor, and lives happily ever after. For almost two thousand years, Music by Jules Massenet
versions of the Cinderella story have spread across the globe, inspiring inter- Libretto by Henri Cain
pretation by myriad authors, playwrights, musicians, and filmmakers. In the
Based on the fairy tale
fin-de-siècle opera by Jules Massenet, the virtue of the title character is made Cendrillon by Charles Perrault
more poignant by her sadness—occasionally, even her despair. In addition
First performed May 24, 1899
to incorporating the iconic elements familiar from Charles Perrault’s fairy at the Opéra-Comique, Paris, France
tale—the carriage formed from a pumpkin, the midnight curfew, and the
singular glass slipper—Massenet infuses his opera with comedy, romance, PRODUCTION

and wistfulness. Bertrand de Billy, Conductor

This new production by director Laurent Pelly quite literally brings the Laurent Pelly, Production
storybook tale to life. Inspired by an edition of Perrault’s Cendrillon as illus- Barbara de Limburg, Set Designer
trated by Gustave Doré that Pelly read as a child, the production is steeped
Laurent Pelly, Costume Designer
in the physical, typographical materials of the fairy tale. The set evokes
Duane Schuler, Lighting Designer
the pages of a book, with black and white text forming its walls, and the
shapes of characters and props appearing as large cut-out letters. With its Laura Scozzi, Choreographer

blend of humor and darkness mirroring the tensions of the fairy tale genre
STARRING:
itself, as well as its fantastical costumes and sets, the production hauntingly
Joyce DiDonato
constructs a magical landscape as seen through the eyes of a child. CENDRILLON (soprano)
This guide is intended to help your students appreciate Cendrillon as well
Alice Coote
as introduce them to different versions of the Cinderella story from diverse PRINCE CHARMING (soprano)
cultural and historical contexts. By analyzing key differences between the
Kathleen Kim
various retellings, students will explore stylistic and structural elements of FAIRY GODMOTHER (soprano)
the narrative and think deeply about what exactly makes the fairy tale so
Stephanie Blythe
compelling. They will also listen closely to Massenet’s score and consider MADAME DE LA HALTIÈRE
the relationship between music and characterization. The activities on the (mezzo-soprano)

following pages are designed to provide context, deepen background knowl- Laurent Naouri
edge, and enrich the overall experience of this Live in HD transmission. This PANDOLFE (bass)

guide will also align with key strands of the Common Core Standards.
Cendrillon is produced in association with
the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London;
Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona; Théâtre Royal de
La Monnaie, Brussels; and Opéra de Lille. Original
production by The Santa Fe Opera.

Production a gift of The Sybil B. Harrington

Endowment Fund

Additional funding from

Elizabeth M. and Jean-Marie R. Eveillard

DIDONATO COOTE KIM BLYTHE NAOURI

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 | A G U I D E T O C E N D R I LLO N

This guide includes five sections. The activities in this guide will focus on several aspects of Cendrillon:
• The opera’s source material and its connection to other versions of the
• THE SOURCE, THE STORY,
WHO’S WHO IN CENDRILLON, Cinderella story
AND A TIMELINE • How stylistic details and characterization affect a story’s impact and
• CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES: meaning
Two activities designed to • Massenet’s musical technique in creating vivid dramatic landscapes
align with and support various • Creative choices made by the artists of the Metropolitan Opera for this
Common Core Standard strands
production
used in ELA, History/Social
Studies, and Music curricula • The opera as a unified work of art, involving the efforts of composer,
librettist, and Met artists
• PERFORMANCE ACTIVITIES:
Two activities to be used during
The Met: Live in HD transmission, This guide is intended to cultivate students’ interest in Cendrillon, whether
highlighting specific aspects of or not they have any prior acquaintance with opera. It includes activities for
this production
students with a wide range of musical backgrounds, and seeks to encourage
• POST-SHOW DISCUSSION: them to think about opera—and the performing arts as a whole—as a medium
A wrap-up activity, integrating
of both entertainment and creative expression.
the Live in HD experience into
the students’ understanding
of the performing arts and the
humanities

• STUDENT RESOURCE PAGES:

Classroom-ready worksheets
supporting the activities in the
guide

2
| THE STORY

SUMMARY Lucette, called Cendrillon by her stepfamily, wishes to go to the royal ball.
Her father is too cowardly to stand up to his mean-spirited new wife and is unable to
stop her from treating Lucette like a servant. Forced to stay home while the rest of
her family travels to the palace, Lucette falls asleep wishing she could go with them.
While she sleeps, her Fairy Godmother appears and transforms her dirty clothes into
a beautiful gown. When Lucette awakes, her Fairy Godmother tells her that a pair
of magic slippers will prevent from her being recognized by her family. The amazed
Lucette leaves for the ball, knowing she must depart by the stroke of midnight. When
she arrives, she and Prince Charming immediately fall in love. They spend the evening
together and are both devastated when Lucette has to leave suddenly.
Back at home, Lucette realizes she has lost one of her slippers. Her family returns
and her father promises they will leave the city and move back to the farm where they
were once happy. Lucette, however, doesn’t want to burden her father with her own
heartbreak. She runs away and begs her Fairy Godmother for help. The Fairy Godmother
magically unites Lucette and Prince Charming, and they fall into an enchanted sleep
under an oak tree. Lucette later awakens to find that she has been ill and in bed
for many days. Her father tells her he found her nearly frozen to death by a stream.

BILL COOPER / COVENT GARDEN

3
 Lucette thinks her encounter with the Prince was just a dream. A few moments later,
VOICE TYPE however, Lucette’s stepmother announces that the Prince has summoned princesses
Since the early 19th century,
from across the world in an attempt to find the woman he loves—the owner of the
singing voices have usually
been classified in six basic lost slipper. Lucette realizes that her memories weren’t a dream, and again asks her
types, three male and Fairy Godmother for help. She is magically transported to the royal palace. Reunited,
three female, according Lucette and the Prince pledge their love for each other, and the court welcomes her
to their range:
as their future queen.
SOPRANO
the highest-pitched voice,
THE SOURCE: CENDRILLON BY CHARLES PERRAULT With examples stretching back
normally possessed only by
women and boys to the first century, the Cinderella tale displays both an ancient origin and a remark-
able longevity, with instances of the tale recurring for over two millennia. The details
MEZZO-SOPRANO
the female voice whose range that modern western audiences identify with the story, however, can be credited to
lies between the soprano the 17th-century French poet and writer Charles Perrault. Perrault’s collection Stories
and the contralto (Italian or Fairy Tales from Times Past or Mother Goose Tales codified the fairy tale as we
“mezzo” = middle, medium)
now know it: a folk story, told in a simple and unaffected style, often betraying its
CONTRALTO oral origin, with wondrous or magical elements. Although Massenet and his librettist
the lowest female voice, also
Henri Cain made a few adjustments to Perrault’s tale (most notably the addition of
called an alto
the scene in the enchanted forest), their opera largely hews to its 17th-century source
COUNTERTENOR
and credits Perrault’s work explicitly as the basis for the libretto.
a male singing voice whose
vocal range is equivalent to
that of a contralto, mezzo- SYNOPSIS
soprano, or (less frequently) a ACT I: Madame de la Haltière’s townhouse. The servants of the household are complaining
soprano, usually through use
about their mistress when Pandolfe, her husband, enters. He agrees that his wife,
of falsetto
Madame de la Haltière, is cruel and bad-tempered. He regrets marrying her and worries
TENOR
for his daughter, Lucette (called Cendrillon), who is forced to do household chores and
the highest naturally
occurring voice type in is denied the expensive clothes worn by her stepsisters. Just as he swears to put a
adult males stop to their behavior, Pandolfe hears his wife coming and runs out of the room, afraid.

BARITONE Madame de la Haltière enters with her daughters, and they discuss preparations for the
the male voice lying below the royal ball being held that night. Shortly afterward, an army of tailors and hairdressers
tenor and above the bass enter and dress the three women. While the servants laugh at the ridiculous outfits
BASS they have chosen, Pandolfe joins his wife and stepdaughters, who are convinced
the lowest male voice they will win the prince’s affections. After her family has left, Lucette enters alone
and thinks longingly of her stepsisters’ attendance at the ball. She tries to convince
herself to find enjoyment in her chores and eventually falls asleep, dreaming of the
royal celebrations. While Lucette dozes, her Fairy Godmother appears. She summons
an army of fairies to transform Lucette’s rags into a beautiful gown. Lucette awakens
and is amazed by her transformation. As she climbs into a magical carriage, her Fairy
Godmother warns her that she must leave by midnight, when the spell will be broken.

4
 BILL COOPER / COVENT GARDEN

ACT II: The Royal Palace. Prince Charming is withdrawn and sad, despite the best efforts
of the royal courtiers. Left alone, the Prince longs for someone to love. The King then
enters and commands the Prince to attend the evening’s ball. He instructs the Prince
to choose a daughter of a noble family and marry her. The Prince is introduced to a
parade of women who are all desperate to be his bride, including the Haltière sisters.
When Lucette arrives at the ball, her beauty and poise stun the crowded room, and
the Prince is immediately enthralled. Once they are alone, the Prince expresses his
admiration for her. But just as he declares his love, the clock strikes midnight and
Lucette is forced to flee.

ACT III: Madame de la Haltière’s townhouse. A frightened Lucette arrives home, realizing
she has lost her slipper. Shortly afterward, her family also returns, complaining about
a mysterious woman who offended the Prince at the ball. They claim that after this
unknown lady left, the Prince and the royal household mocked her. Lucette is visibly
horrified by this false report, and seeing her distress, her father is goaded into finally
standing up for her. He kicks his wife and stepdaughters out of the room and promises
Lucette that they will leave the city and return to the countryside where they were
once happy. Lucette, however, is heartbroken and decides she cannot burden her
father with her grief. She runs away.

5
 The Enchanted Forest. When summoned by the Fairy Godmother, the fairies report
that Lucette and Prince Charming are both wandering in the darkness, miserable and
alone. Although they cannot see one another, each can suddenly hear the other’s
voice. They beg for the Fairy Godmother’s help. The Fairy Godmother appears and
demands that the Prince hang his bleeding heart from the oak tree. He does so, and
the fairy magically unites the lovers. They fall into an enchanted sleep in each other’s
arms.

ACT IV: Lucette’s room. Pandolfe watches his sleeping daughter, remembering how
he found her, nearly frozen, next to a stream. When Lucette awakens, she asks about
her condition. Pandolfe tells her that, in her semi-conscious state, she was babbling
about Prince Charming, an enchanted oak tree, and a glass slipper. Believing it all to
have been a dream, a devastated Lucette consoles herself by looking forward to the
return of spring. Just then, Madame de la Haltière arrives with the news that the Prince
is summoning princesses from across the world in search of the owner of the lost glass
slipper. Realizing it wasn’t a dream after all, Lucette begs her Fairy Godmother for help.
The Royal Palace. Princesses from across the world arrive at the palace to try on
A sketch of Cendrillon’s
costume in Act I by the slipper. The Prince is desperate to find his unknown love. The voice of the Fairy
Laurent Pelly Godmother rings out, and Lucette appears. She has come to return the Prince’s
heart; he insists she keep it. The crowd acknowledges Lucette as their future queen.
Lucette’s family arrives, and an astonished Madame de la Haltière loudly expresses
her adoration for her stepdaughter. The entire company turns to the audience and
celebrates the story’s happy conclusion.

6
| W H O ’ S W H O I N C E N D R I LLO N

CHARACTER PRONUNCIATION VOICE TYPE THE LOWDOWN

Cendrillon / Lucette A young woman son-dree-yonh / loo-SET soprano Beautiful and good-natured,
from the country; Lucette is forced to act as a
daughter of servant by her jealous stepmother.
Pandolfe
Prince Charming Royal prince and PREHNS shar-MON soprano Prince Charming falls in love
(Prince Charmant in heir to the throne with Lucette immediately and
French) desperately tries to discover her
true identity. The role of the Prince
is a “trouser role,” a term used in
opera for the character of a young
man played by a woman.
Madame de la Lucette’s mah-DAHM deh la mezzo- Cruel and vain, Madame de la
Haltière stepmother and hal-TYAIR soprano Haltière spoils her own daughters
mother of Noémie while forcing Lucette to live as a
and Dorothée servant.
Pandolfe Lucette’s father pan-DOLF bass Although he loves his daughter,
Pandolfe is incapable of standing
up to his domineering wife.
Fairy Godmother Lucette’s la FAY coloratura Lucette’s magical protector, the
(la Fée) godmother, a fairy soprano Fairy Godmother watches over her
goddaughter and Prince Charming,
securing their ultimate union.
Noémie and Lucette’s no-eh-MEE & soprano Slow-witted and vain, these
Dorothée stepsisters, the dor-oh-TAY and mezzo- spoiled sisters follow their
daughters of soprano mother’s example, mocking
Madame de la Lucette’s ragged appearance.
Haltière
Le Roi The King and le RWAH baritone Determined to see his son married,
Prince Charmant’s the King insists that the Prince
father attend the royal ball.

7
 | TIMELINE

ca. 850 The Chinese fairy tale Ye Xian, in which the main character loses a shoe
on her way home from a royal party, is included in a collection of folk
tales by a poet of the Tang Dynasty in China. It is one of the earliest
recorded precursors of the Cinderella tale.

1634 The first extant European version of the Cinderella story, entitled La
Gatta Cenerentola (The Cinderella Cat), is published in Il Pentamerone,
a
collection of stories by the Italian poet Giambattista Basile.

1697 Charles Perrault’s Cendrillon is published as part of his Histoires ou contes

du temps passé ou Les Contes de ma Mère l’Oye (Stories or Fairy Tales from

Times Past or Tales from Mother Goose). Possibly intended originally for
Perrault’s own children, these tales preserve such well-known folk tales
as Puss in Boots, Little Red Riding Hood, and Sleeping Beauty.

1810 The French composer Nicolas Isouard uses Perrault’s story as the basis
for his opera Cendrillon, which premieres at the Paris Opéra-Comique
on February 22. Although it is not the first operatic adaptation of the
Cinderella fairy tale, it finds immediate success and remains popular for
several years.

1817 Gioachino Rossini composes La Cenerentola, his opera buffa version

of the Cinderella story. It departs from several of the most distinctive
elements of the fairy tale: There is no fairy godmother, glass slipper,
or magic. The opera is popular across the globe within years of its
premiere, and since its revival in the 1920s, it has never left the standard
repertory.

1842 Jules Massenet is born on May 12 in Saint-Étienne, the capital of the
département of the Loire, in France. The youngest of 12 children, he
begins taking music lessons with his mother, who is a talented pianist
and composer.

1847 When Massenet and his family move to Paris after his father’s business
fails, his mother begins giving piano lessons to earn extra income. By

the time he is ten years old, Massenet is accepted into the piano class at
the prestigious Paris Conservatoire.

8
 1861 Having achieved awards in his piano studies, Massenet begins
composition lessons at the Conservatoire. He helps fund his education
by playing timpani in the orchestra for the Théâtre Lyrique, where he
is exposed to the works of contemporary French composers such as
Gounod and Berlioz.

1867 Massenet’s comic opera Le Grand’tante premieres at Paris’s Opéra-

Comique. His first opera to be staged, it runs for 17 performances and is
well received.

1877 Massenet’s opera Le Roi de Lahore premieres in Paris and is

enthusiastically received. A series of commissions for new works follows,
and with the recent death of Georges Bizet, Massenet is left as the pre-
eminent French stage composer of his generation.

1887 Massenet completes Werther, his operatic adaptation of Goethe’s famous

novel. It is rejected by the impresario at the Opéra-Comique, who
considers its subject matter too depressing for the stage. The opera will
not receive its premiere until 1892 at the Vienna Hofoper. Together with
Manon, the opera is now one of the composer’s most popular works.

1894 While in London with his librettist Henri Cain for the premiere of
their opera La Navarraise, Massenet makes preliminary plans to adapt
Charles Perrault’s fairy tale Cendrillon into an opera. He rents a house
in the French countryside and composes the opera over several months,
finishing it while staying in Nice.

1896 The premiere of Cendrillon is delayed in order to accommodate a

performance of a newer work, Massenet’s Sapho.

Cendrillon premieres at the Opéra-Comique on May 24. Enhanced by a

1899
lavish set and the full support of the new director of the Opéra-Comique,
the work is an immediate success and is soon performed across the
world.

1907 Despite gradually worsening health, Massenet continues to compose at

an impressive rate, producing five new operas and a number of smaller-
scale works in the last five years of his life.

1912 Having suffered from cancer for some time, Massenet dies in Paris in
August at the age of 70. Mas se
net
Jules

9
 | C L A S S R O O M AC T I V I T Y

A Tale Retold Through Time

English/Language Arts The story of a girl who rises above her lowly circumstances with the help of a very
special shoe is not exclusive to the Western canon. Indeed, the story of Ye Xian by a
IN PREPAR ATION poet of the Tang Dynasty in China dating from as early as 850 contains many elements
For this activity, students will need
that we now associate with the Cinderella fairy tale: a good-natured daughter who
the reproducible resources available
at the back of this guide entitled is abused by her step-mother, the magical transformation of her humble clothing, a
A Tale Retold Through Time, as lost shoe, and a royal suitor who searches his kingdom for the shoe’s owner. In this
well as the audio selections from story and in many other adaptations of the Cinderella tale closer to our own time, the
Cendrillon available online or on the
author’s creative choices determine the overarching affect of the story, as well as the
accompanying CD. You will also need
a whiteboard or chalkboard, pens, work’s participation in the fairy tale genre.
and paper. This activity invites students to compare and contrast versions of the classic tale
while also investigating what exactly makes this story so enduring. They will:
CURRICULAR CONNECTIONS • analyze structural and stylistic elements of various adaptations of the Cinderella
English/Language Arts, Poetry, story
Creative Writing, World Cultures,
History, French Language and
Literature
Gustave Doré’s illustration of the
slipper scene for an 1862 edition of
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Charles Perrault’s fairy tales
• To think critically about how
different cultural contexts shape
folk tales

• To consider how characterizations

and stylistic nuances affect a
narrative arc

• To explore the opportunities

and challenges presented when
adapting an iconic story

• To incorporate rigorous analysis

and observations drawn from close
reading

10
 • read excerpts from the libretto of Massenet’s opera and consider the composer’s COMMON CORE STANDARDS
intentions AND CENDRILLON
This activity directly supports the
• compare and contrast different versions of the Cinderella character
following ELA-Literacy Common Core
• create an original version of the Cinderella figure based on their analysis Strands:

STEPS CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.8.5
Compare and contrast the structure of two
Students will identify and analyze the key elements of the Cinderella story with which or more texts and analyze how the differing
they are most familiar. After being introduced to Massenet and Cain’s adaptation, they structure of each text contributes to its
meaning and style.
will consider how shifts in how characters are depicted can shape the overall effect
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.8.9
of a story. They will then read and discuss different adaptations of the Cinderella tale Analyze how a modern work of fiction
before creating their own version of the Cinderella character based on these different draws on themes, patterns of events, or
character types from myths, traditional
versions of the famous story. stories, or religious works such as the Bible,
including describing how the material is
rendered new.
STEP 1: Ask students to describe the story of Cinderella as they know it. You can
structure this as a loose conversation with students raising hands to contribute different CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.6
Analyze a particular point of view or cultural
elements of the Cinderella story. You may also use the “Story Circle” theater game, in experience reflected in a work of literature
from outside the United States, drawing on
which students form a circle and take turns contributing one sentence of the story. You a wide reading of world literature.
may initiate the story by providing the prompt, “Once upon a time, there was a …”
As your class tells the story of Cinderella as they understand it, be sure to write down
key elements they mention (e.g., “Fairy Godmother,” “Evil Stepmother,” “pumpkin
turning into a carriage,” the “stroke of midnight,” “glass slipper,” etc.). If you wish,
you can use the following chart to organize your conversation over the course of the
class activity, adding each row as you introduce the various versions of the story.

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE CINDERELLA STORY

VERSION OF CHARACTERS, PLOT POINTS, OR OTHER

CINDERELLA OR WHO WHAT HAPPENS
Version I’m most
familiar with:
Massenet’s
Cendrillon
Duan Chengshi’s
Ye Xian

STEP 2: Now, ask students to name as many different adaptations of the Cinderella
story as they can. Have they seen movie adaptations? Theatrical versions? Different
novelized retellings? Some popular versions you might suggest or elicit from students
are listed below:
• Disney’s 1950 animated classic
• Disney’s 2015 live adaptation starting Lily James
 • The 1957 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, starring Julie Andrews
• The 1997 adaptation of the Rodgers and Hammerstein Cinderella musical, featuring
Brandy and Whitney Houston
• The 1998 film Ever After, starring Drew Barrymore and Angelica Huston
• Gail Carson Levine’s 1997 novel Ella Enchanted, or the 2004 film of the same name,
starring Anne Hathaway
• Gregory Maguire’s 1999 novel Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister

Once students have compiled a list of several different versions of the story, ask
them to look for differences and similarities among the versions. As they name these
characteristics, write them on the board as well, adding them to the chart if you
choose to use it.

STEP 3: Explain to your students that the Cinderella folk tale has been around for
many centuries and has appeared in the stories of various cultures from around the
world. Introduce them to the name Charles Perrault and briefly explain that he was a
17th-century French writer who published many fairy tales that are familiar to us. His
version of Cinderella, which he published in 1697, is the inspiration for most of the
versions students will have encountered, and is the direct source material for Jules
Massenet’s opera Cendrillon, written in 1894. Perrault is considered to have created
the fairy tale genre as we now understand it.

French director George

Méliès directed a silent film
of the fairy tale in 1899.

12
STEP 4: Once students are familiar with this context, distribute the synopsis found
in this guide and read it aloud as a class. (You may find the summary to be more
accessible for younger students.) Again, ask students to identify characters and plot
elements that are familiar from their prior knowledge of the Cinderella fairy tale, as
well as those aspects that are surprising or different.

STEP 5: Now have students turn to the worksheet found in the reproducible handouts
at the end of this guide. Have them read the excerpt from Cendrillon’s aria “Ah! Que
mes sœurs sont heureuses!” (“Oh, how my sisters are happy”) aloud before playing
the associated audio clip from the opera (Track 1). Ask students to pay attention to
Massenet’s musical characterization of Cinderella and how the music reflects the
words of the excerpt. It is not necessary for students to have an in-depth knowledge
of music theory; rather, they should respond emotionally to the overall musical tone
and gesture. You may guide their discussion with the questions on the following page:

Cinderella: A Brief History

The Cinderella story is one of Zezolla in Giambattista Basile’s slipper and her salvation a ballet by Sergei Prokofiev
the most immediately recog- Il Pentamerone—a collection coming from doves in a tree. and a musical by Rodgers and
nizable of all fairy tales. It of fairy tales published in Italy As Cinderella’s popularity Hammerstein, among others.
would be nearly impossible around 1635—is aided by a continued to grow, adapta- The character also supplied
to compile a comprehensive fairy living in a date tree. In tions appeared in opera part of the storyline of Stephen
history of the tale, with its this iteration one can clearly houses across Europe, Sondheim’s musical Into the
precursors going back to the see the roots of the story that including Jean-Louis Laruette’s Woods.
first century BCE, when Greeks is so recognizable to modern Cendrillon (Paris, 1759), Niccolò Cinderella has appeared in
living in Egypt told of a girl western audiences begin- Piccinni’s La Buona Figliuola films and cartoons involving
who attracted a king with ning to take shape. Some 60 Maritata (Bologna, 1761), everyone from Georges Méliès
her shapely sandal. Chinese years later, Charles Perrault, in Nicolas Isouard’s Cendrillon and Walt Disney to Jerry
storytellers recorded a version his Cendrillon (1697), added (Paris, 1810), and Stefano Lewis and Elmer Fudd, and
sometime during the Tang several familiar details, creating Pavesi’s Agatina (Milan, 1814). versions of the character have
dynasty (618–908) in which the the foundations for the Some of these versions, like been played by the likes of
main character loses a shoe now-traditional Cinderella Gioachino Rossini’s well- Mary Pickford, Julie Andrews,
on her way home from a royal story—the fairy godmother, known La Cenerentola of 1817, Brandy, Drew Barrymore, Anne
party. Other interpretations the pumpkin-turned-carriage, dispense with the fairy tale’s Hathaway, Selena Gomez, and
are told in countries across and the story’s most iconic magical elements, featuring Lily James. The Cinderella
Asia, including the Philippines, feature, the glass slipper. In instead the help of good and story has had tremendous
Malaysia, Korea, and Vietnam. contrast, the Brothers Grimm’s wise human beings rather resonance for audiences across
Cinderella seems to famous German version, than that of a fairy godmother. the world and throughout the
have made her way to which appeared in print in Massenet’s opera Cendrillon centuries. A sweet fantasy of
western Europe during the 1812, featured its protagonist dates from the last years of mystery and magic, it is also
Renaissance. In an early Aschenputtel losing a golden the 19th century; in the 20th, a classic demonstration of the
version, the character of the Cinderella tale inspired triumph of virtue.

13
 • Based on what you’ve just read and heard, what might you imagine Cendrillon’s
FUN FACT: Due body language to be as she sings?
to scheduling and
• What is her mood? Is she happy? Sad? Why?
programming conflicts
at the Opéra-Comique in • Does this portrayal match your prior understanding of Cinderella? Why or why not?
Paris almost four years
For a more kinesthetic learning experience, you may ask a brave student or two to
elapsed after Massenet
completed the score create a living “tableau” (or frozen picture) of the character of Cendrillon based on
before Cendrillon was this discussion. Quickly facilitate a discussion after the exercise. Here are some points
finally performed. you’ll want to highlight for your students:

• Massenet’s Cendrillon is less optimistic than the classic Disney character.

• She is less content with her workload.
• She is frank about her jealousy of her stepsisters.
• She is resigned to a sad fate, rather than hopeful for her future.

A 1922 illustration by
Harry Clarke shows
Cinderella, her skirt
in patches, helping
her stepsisters to get
ready for the ball.

14
OPTIONAL: If time permits, have a student read the text from “A Dream is a Wish
Your Heart Makes,” Cinderella’s first song from Disney’s 1950 movie adaptation.
If possible, play a clip of the song, which can be easily found on YouTube and
music streaming services such as Spotify. After having students read the text and
listen to the clip, lead a discussion in which students compare the two depictions
of the Cinderella character. What are the similarities? What are the differences?
What does the music tell you about the two protagonists and their outlooks on life?

Before moving on, be sure to emphasize that this is a specific and unique character-
ization of the Cinderella figure. Introduce the idea that along with plot elements that
may change, the specific characterization of the protagonist can drastically change
the nature of the story. Ask your students the following questions:

• What does it do to the story to have such different take on Cinderella/Cendrillon?

• What does it do to the story to introduce a Cinderella that is not optimistic or
happy, but instead deeply sad and still mourning her mother?
• Does this choice tell us something about what the librettist and composer are
interested in exploring or communicating? What might that be?

As always, there are no right or wrong answers. The goal is for students to think criti-
cally about how a composer or author’s creative choices regarding a character affect
the overall story being told.

STEP 6: Now divide the class into several small discussion groups. They will now read
the tale of Ye Xian by the Tang poet Duan Chengshi. The text of the story is included
in the A Tale Retold Through Time reproducible handout found at the end of this
guide. Direct students to read this version of the Cinderella tale, discuss the story
within their groups, and complete the first section of the reproducible worksheet.

STEP 7: Now, have them either individually or collaboratively create a song, aria, or
monologue that introduces the protagonist of an original story, who should be based
on one of the versions of Cinderella discussed above, Ye Xian, or another version they
are familiar with from popular culture. As students begin to work on their creations,
ask them the following questions:
• What is important to them as authors/librettists?
Laurent Pelly’s
• How can they make their character specific and interesting? costume designs for
Madame de la Haltière
• What do they want this introduction to their protagonist to explore or communicate and foreign princesses
to their audience/reader? at the royal ball

STEP 8: Finally, ask students to share their work. Invite a selection of students to read
their creations aloud to the class. Ask the rest of the class to reflect on what they’ve
heard and how these works interpret and depict elements of the Cinderella character.

15
 FAIRY TALE TROPES Fairy tales have not only
received attention from authors, composers, and movie producers,
who have created endless adaptations of the tales, but also literary
critics and even psychologists, who have subjected them to analysis. In
1977, the literary critic and scholar Northrop Frye suggested that fairy
tales serve as “secular scriptures,” or non-religious texts that deeply
influence a society’s sense of morality, understanding of romance, and
construction of gender roles.
These studies have resulted in many works that attempt to identify
and index these stories from around the globe, classifying folk tales by
the various plot elements and motifs they have in common.
The following elements are among the most common tropes of
classic fairy tales, and they also appear in Cinderella.

The absent or deceased mother. Marriage as conclusion. Almost Rags-to-riches. Many fairy tales
Many fairy tales feature young all of today’s best-known fairy follow protagonists who have
women who are, for a variety of tales end with a happy marriage. been reduced to lowly circum-
reasons, motherless. stances, are held in some sort
A supernatural or magical of captivity, or have been exiled
The wicked older woman. helper. Many stories feature and/or denied their rightful inher-
Be it controlling stepmother or a magical figure who aids and itance. The narrative arc of these
malicious witch, fairy tales also protects the young protagonist. stories often concludes with the
often include an older female This character may take the form hero/heroine reclaiming or even
figure who torments the young of a fairy godmother, a deceased exceeding the social status and
protagonist out of jealousy. ancestor or spirit, a magical material wealth that was rightfully
animal, or an enchanted tree. his or hers.

Next, you may select another volunteer to create a frozen picture, or tableau, based
on each classmate’s work. What did they learn about this version of Cinderella from
the song, aria, or monologue? How does this Cinderella character feel about her
future? What is her current state of mind? Is she optimistic? Angry? Jealous? Finally,
how might a performer translate that information into physical gesture?
Reflect on how many versions of the Cinderella story your class was able to create
in such a short amount of time. Be sure to discuss the many ways an author can adapt
a well-known story. Emphasize that along with the obvious ways to change a story
(such as changing the characters, plot points, setting, era, and cultural details), authors
can change the ways they portray given characters and their emotional journeys to
change the story’s entire meaning and impact.

16
FOLLOW-UP: In a subsequent class meeting or as homework, you may give students
the text from Cendrillon’s Act III aria, “Enfin, je suis ici” and analyze it in a similar
fashion. Is Massenet’s depiction of her state of mind after attending the ball surprising
or different from what students expected? What does it do to their understanding
of the story? What do they think Massenet and his librettist were trying to make the
audience feel or think about?
Have students think about this moment in their own version of the Cinderella story.
What would the Cinderella they’ve just created be feeling or thinking after returning
from the ball, festival, or court? How would she or he express it? Ask them to write
a monologue or aria for this moment in their specific story. What are they interested
in exploring and communicating to the audience/reader? How do the plot elements
of the folk tale they’re adapting inform their writing?

17
 | C L A S S R O O M AC T I V I T Y

Music of Magic and Dreams

Music In his operas, Jules Massenet was a master of expressive orchestration, using the
timbres and ranges of his instruments and voices to paint evocative operatic scenes.
IN PREPAR ATION In Cendrillon, Massenet reserves some of his most striking music for the scenes with
For this activity, students will
the Fairy Godmother, in which he deploys all of the artistic forces at his disposal to
need the reproducible resources
available at the back of this guide depict scenes of magic and enchantment. This activity is designed to help students
as well as the audio selections from dissect various elements of Massenet’s score and explore how orchestration, ornamen-
Cendrillon available online or on the tation, harmony, and text-setting contribute to the creation of a vibrantly illustrative
accompanying CD.
and dramatic musical work. Students will:
• listen critically to musical examples and identify their disparate components
CURRICULAR CONNECTIONS
• learn new musical terminology to describe what they hear
Music, Humanities, and Arts
• analyze how Massenet’s musical choices create atmosphere and reflect the text

LEARNING OBJECTIVES STEPS

• To introduce and/or reinforce
Following an introduction to the Ten Essential Musical Terms drawn from this activity,
knowledge of musical terminology
Music of Magic and Dreams is designed in two parts, with each part drawing on a
• To listen to musical examples
different musical number from Cendrillon. The first part will ease students into labeling
critically and to identify their basic
harmonic and melodic shape, as and categorizing what they hear. In the following section, they will analyze the musical
well as their characteristic elements materials of an excerpt in more depth, describing the musical elements moment-by-
of orchestration moment in the Fairy Godmother’s scene “Ah! Fugitive chimères.”
• To analyze various techniques of
musical characterization STEP 1: Distribute copies of the Ten Essential Musical Terms sidebar and have your
students review it as a pre-lesson assignment. Alternatively, you may prefer to discuss
it at the beginning of class, using the audio clips listed below or demonstrating the
concepts with your own instrument or voice. Students will be using these terms,
among other musical vocabulary words that they already know, to describe the musical
excerpts to follow.

TRACK MUSICAL TERM

2 Arpeggio
3 Celesta
4 Chromaticism
5 Coloratura
6 Harmonics
7 Melisma
8 Mute
9 Staccato
10 Tessitura (the audio example demonstrates a very high soprano tessitura)
11 Trill

18
STEP 2: Now distribute the Music of Magic and Dreams reproducible handout found COMMON CORE STANDARDS
at the back of this guide. Begin the discussion by examining the scene that introduces AND CENDRILLON
This activity directly supports the
the Fairy Godmother, first by reading aloud the text and translation provided on the
following ELA-Literacy Common Core
handout. Next, proceed to listening to the scene in full, provided on Track 15, while Strands:
following along to the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.7.2
This scene, in which the Fairy Godmother first appears, marks a turning point in Determine a theme or central idea of a
the opera’s action. Thus far, the characters and situations have all reflected real life. text and analyze its development over the
course of the text; provide an objective
But with the arrival of the Fairy Godmother, the opera turns to a different, magical summary of the text.

realm, with a corresponding shift in the music. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.7.3

The first page of the handout includes charts that correspond to three excerpts Analyze how particular elements of a story
or drama interact (e.g., how setting shapes
from this scene. The charts will aid students in identifying the musical techniques that the characters or plot).
Massenet uses to evoke magical characters and situations. Play Tracks 12–14 individu- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.4
ally, giving students time to check off the musical elements they hear. Determine the meaning of words and
phrases as they are used in a text,
A completed chart is provided below for your reference. With repeated listening, it including figurative, connotative, and
technical meanings; analyze the impact
will be clear that Massenet employs many of these elements over the course of each of specific word choices on meaning and
excerpt. tone, including analogies or allusions to
other texts.

19
 Track 12: The fairy appears. She assures the sleeping Lucette that she has heard her
FUN FACT: In his operas, laments and bids her not to despair. She summons her company of fairies and elves
Massenet was unabashed
to her service.
about freely imitating
the style of his musical
Mostly major harmonies ✓ Vocal arpeggios
predecessors. His 1889 work
Esclarmonde is modeled on Mostly minor harmonies ✓ High tessitura in the voice
Wagner, while La Navarraise ✓ Mixture of major and minor ✓ Trills
of 1894, a work of operatic harmonies
Harmonics
verismo (realism), aimed ✓ Dissonance
to capture a share of the ✓ A recitative-like vocal line
✓ Chromaticism
enormous popularity of Smooth, legato melodies
Mascagni’s Cavalleria ✓ Strings
✓ Choral interjections sung
Rusticana. For Cendrillon, ✓ Woodwinds in harmony
Massenet took as his model
Brass ✓ Unaccompanied voice(s)
Humperdinck’s fairy tale
opera Hänsel und Gretel. ✓ Celesta ✓ Rapid tempo changes
✓ Harp ✓ Long, sustained notes in the
✓ Vocal melismas orchestral accompaniment
✓ Fast and rapidly shifting notes
✓ Syllabic text setting
in the orchestral accompaniment
✓ Coloratura

Track 13: The fairies and elves appear, and the Fairy Godmother commands them
to do what she asks. Cendrillon shall attend the royal ball, splendidly dressed by the
fairies and admired by all.

✓ Mostly major harmonies Vocal arpeggios

Mostly minor harmonies ✓ High tessitura in the voice
Mixture of major and minor Trills
harmonies
Harmonics
Dissonance ✓ A recitative-like vocal line
✓ Chromaticism
✓ Smooth, legato melodies
✓ Strings
✓ Choral interjections sung
Woodwinds in harmony
In 1912, English soprano
✓ Brass Unaccompanied voice(s)
Maggie Teyte sang Cendrillon ✓ Celesta ✓ Rapid tempo changes
in New York with a touring
opera company. Harp ✓ Long, sustained notes in the
✓ Vocal melismas orchestral accompaniment

✓ Syllabic text setting Fast and rapidly shifting notes

in the orchestral accompaniment
✓ Coloratura

20
Track 14: The Fairy Godmother promises to watch over Cendrillon, and while she
dreams of these marvelous visions, the whole company of fairies praises her beauty. FUN FACT: Massenet’s
contemporary and fellow
✓ Mostly major harmonies ✓ Vocal arpeggios composer Vincent D’Indy
was one of his harshest
Mostly minor harmonies ✓ High tessitura in the voice
critics. Massenet’s colleague
Mixture of major and minor ✓ Trills Jules Barbier commented on
harmonies ✓ Harmonics the fractious relationship
Dissonance between the two composers
A recitative-like vocal line
when he said, following the
Chromaticism ✓ Smooth, legato melodies premiere of Cendrillon, that
✓ Strings
✓ Choral interjections sung Massenet’s new opera would
✓ Woodwinds in harmony quickly make everyone forget
✓ Brass ✓ Unaccompanied voice(s) all the “d’Indys et dindons”
(“D’Indys and turkeys”) of
Celesta ✓ Rapid tempo changes
their age.
✓ Harp ✓ Long, sustained notes in the
✓ Vocal melismas orchestral accompaniment
✓ Fast and rapidly shifting notes
✓ Syllabic text setting
in the orchestral accompaniment
✓ Coloratura

BILL COOPER / COVENT GARDEN

21
 STEP 3: Now that students have become acquainted with some of the musical materials
FUN FACT: In an effort to Massenet uses when depicting a magical sound world, they are prepared to analyze
establish definitive scores
a longer scene featuring the Fairy Godmother.
for his works without the
interference from theater
The text for the scene is provided on the handout.
managers, Massenet
systematically destroyed his
Before listening to the music (provided on Tracks 16–20), have students read the
own compositional sketches
and revisions before the scene aloud. Once they understand the action, they are ready to turn to the chart.
publication of his works. The scene is broken up into brief moments, each with its own audio track. For each
This led to the unfortunate moment, students should describe the instruments and musical devices Massenet
conclusion by some of his
uses to portray the text, as well as literal or abstract word-painting.
early biographers that his
method of composition was
A completed chart is provided below for your reference.
superficial and lacked the
depth of careful consideration.
TRACK # CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION (Describe and list musical
devices and instruments you hear, as well as
the resulting feeling of the moment)
16 Vocal arpeggios, The chorus sings quietly in harmony. The
unaccompanied Fairy Godmother enters, repeating their
voices, soft dynamics, melody. The tempo is very slow and the
chromaticism, mixture dynamics are very soft. The effect is one of
of major and minor mystery and other-worldliness.
harmonies
FUN FACT: Massenet’s 17 Syllabic text-setting, The Fairy Godmother declaims the text in
unusual setting of Prince legato melodies, a simple, smooth style. The first two lines
Charmant as a trouser role, harp, sustained notes form a musical idea, and the next three
together with the soprano in the orchestral lines function as a response, completing the
accompaniment, mostly phrase.
role of Cendrillon and the
major harmonies
coloratura soprano of the
Fairy Godmother, creates 18 Trills, coloratura, The chorus repeats the Fairy Godmother’s
melismas, chromaticism, melody, with the Fairy Godmother entering
a striking timbre when the
high vocal tessitura, later to flitting above the slowly intoned
three voices sing together. In vocal arpeggios, harp notes of the chorus. Her music is rapid and
fact, the group’s evocative virtuosic, with lightning-fast scales and trills.
Act III trio, in which all three 19 Celesta, staccato, mostly After a brief orchestral introduction with
female voices sing in harmony, minor harmonies, fast the unusual orchestration of celesta and
anticipates Richard Strauss’s and rapidly shifting oboe, the chorus enters on a unison note.
famous trio from Act III of notes in orchestral The voice of the Fairy Godmother rises
Der Rosenkavalier—which is accompaniment, up against this backdrop in a long, held
known for exactly the same dissonance high note. When she enters a second time,
her note is dissonant to the underlying
distinctive distribution of
harmony. The atmosphere is restless, as the
voices—by 12 years. Fairy Godmother calls her fairies to flight.
20 Melismas, coloratura, The chorus again recites its text in a slow,
staccato, mostly legato manner. The voice of the Fairy
major harmonies, Godmother floats above it in a virtuosic
unaccompanied vocal display of rising staccato scales, arpeggios,
lines, high vocal tessitura, and trills, which extend into the highest
harp soprano tessitura.

22
FOLLOW UP: For a take-home assignment, students may delve deeper into the ways
that other composers have depicted magical characters and settings. They may start
by identifying a scene or character in a movie of their choice (excerpts are readily
available on YouTube). Next, they should use the analytical tools they developed in
this exercise to identify the instruments, musical characteristics, and other ways that
the composer of the movie music depicted the scene. They should then write a brief
paragraph outlining their findings.

23
Ten Essential Musical Terms
Arpeggio From the Italian verb Coloratura From the Italian word Staccato An articulation marking
for “to play the harp,” an arpeggio for “coloring,” coloratura refers to that tells musicians to play a note in a
is a musical figure in which the notes florid, elaborate vocal passages with “short and detached” manner. Playing
of a chord are played in succession heavy ornamentation. It may also refer a note “staccato” gives it a crisp, sharp
rather than at once. Arpeggios may to a singer who possesses the vocal feeling. The staccato symbol is a dot
span large intervals, with upper notes agility necessary to perform such underneath or on top of a note in the
repeated at the octave, and they may music. score.
jump between notes of the chord,
playing them out of order. In coloratura Harmonics On string instruments, Tessitura/Range An Italian word
passages, arpeggios are often included harmonics are sounded by lightly for “texture,” tessitura describes the
as a part of the virtuosic vocal patterns. resting a finger at various fixed points particular range in relation to the
on the string. The resulting sound is instrument or voice that’s performing
Celesta A keyboard instrument higher in pitch than if the string were it—for instance, either high, middle,
resembling a small piano, in which fully depressed, and the timbre has or low. The term “range” refers to the
sound is produced by striking steel a silvery and open purity of sound. total span of a piece. It can be narrow
bars with a hammer. The instrument has Harmonics result from the inherent, or wide. Extremes in tessitura and
a bell-like sound with a sharp attack. It physical attributes of sound vibrations. range are difficult to perform.
was created by the French instrument
inventor Victor Mustel and patented by Melisma A group of several notes Trill An ornament in which the main
his son August in 1886. sung while remaining on the same note alternates very quickly with the
syllable of text. Melismatic singing note directly above it in the scale.
Chromaticism Chromatic notes is the opposite of syllabic singing, in Trills provide melodic and rhythmic
are those that don’t belong to the which a single note is sung for each interest and often occur toward the
prevailing harmony or scale of a musical syllable of the text. Melismas show off a ends of phrases. While any instrument
composition (so named because in singer’s breath control, vocal flexibility, can perform trills, they are considered
early music notation these notes were and virtuosity. They can vary in length particularly virtuosic in the voice, where
colored). Chromatic is the opposite and complexity, often combining evenness and rapidity of execution is
of diatonic, which refers to notes of a step-wise movement from note to note particularly difficult to achieve.
scale or harmony derived exclusively with larger, more difficult leaps.
from those available in its given key.
Chromaticism can add drama and Mute A device used to reduce or
intensity to music by introducing notes dampen the sound of an instrument.
or chords that are dissonant to the key Mutes often also change the timbre
and that call for resolution. of an instrument, causing it to have
a muffled or covered sound. Called
“sordino” in Italian and “sourdine” in
French, mutes for string instruments
are rubber or wooden devices that
fit onto the bridge, whereas mutes
for brass instruments fit into or over
the bell. Composers indicate in the
score when mutes should be used and
removed.

24
| P E R F O R M A N C E AC T I V I T Y

Supporting the Student Experience during

The Met: Live in HD Transmission

Watching and listening to a performance is a unique experience that takes IN PREPAR ATION
students beyond the printed page to an immersion in images, sound, inter- For this activity, students will
need the Performance Activity
pretation, technology, drama, skill, and craft. Performance activities help
reproducible handouts found in the
students analyze different aspects of the experience and engage critically back of this guide.
with the performance. They will consider the creative choices that have been
COMMON CORE STANDARDS AND
made for the particular production they are watching and examine different CENDRILLON
aspects of the performance. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.5
Each Performance Activity incorporates a reproducible sheet. Students Analyze how an author’s choices
concerning how to structure a text, order
should bring this activity sheet to the Live in HD transmission and fill it events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and
manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks)
out during intermission and/or after the final curtain. The activities direct create such effects as mystery, tension, or
attention to details of the production that might otherwise go unnoticed. surprise.

For Cendrillon, the first activity sheet, A Dream Come True? asks students to CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.2
Determine a theme or central idea of a
examine the ways in which Massenet’s opera blurs the line between dreams, text and analyze in detail its development
waking fantasy, and reality. Using their observations on the production’s over the course of the text, including how
it emerges and is shaped and refined
set, staging, and lighting, as well as Massenet’s music, students will draw by specific details; provide an objective
summary of the text.
conclusions on when the opera is depicting characters’ dream states.
The second, basic activity sheet is called My Highs & Lows. It is meant
to be collected, opera by opera, over the course of the season. This sheet
serves to guide students toward a consistent set of objective observations, as
well as to help them articulate their own opinions. It is designed to enrich
the students’ understanding of the art form as a whole. The ratings system
encourages students to express their critique: Use these ratings to spark
discussions that require careful, critical thinking.
The Performance Activity reproducible handouts can be found in the back
of this guide. On the next page, you’ll find an activity created specifically
for follow-up after the Live in HD transmission.

25
 | P O S T- S H O W D I S C U S S I O N

Defining and Defying the Fairy Tale Genre

IN PREPAR ATION Start the class with an open discussion of the Met performance. What did
This activity requires no preparation students like? What didn’t they? Did anything surprise them? What would
other than attendance at the Live in
they like to see or hear again? What would they have done differently? The
HD transmission of Cendrillon.
discussion offers an opportunity to apply the notes on students’ My Highs
& Lows sheet, as well as their thoughts about the visual design of the Met
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• To become familiar with the production—in short, to see themselves as Cendrillon experts.
concept of genre Massenet’s faithful adaptation of Perrault’s story has all the hallmarks
• To identify the tropes and of a sugar-coated fairy tale: All ends well for the lovers, the villains are
structural devices of the fairy tale chastened, and magic abounds. Indeed, according to Laurent Pelly, the
genre production’s director, his inspiration for the design concept came straight
• To think deeply about how genre from a storybook he read at his grandmother’s house as a child. In its literal
can either be supported or depiction of the physical words of the story, however, the production also
undermined
cleverly undermines the overly sweet sentimentality of many adaptations
of the Cinderella tale.
COMMON CORE STANDARDS
Introduce the idea of genre to your students as a category of art works—
AND CENDRILLON
movies, plays, novels—that are similar in content, style, and form. A few
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.11-12.1.c
Propel conversations by posing and examples, such as the genres of horror movies, science fiction stories, or
responding to questions that probe
reasoning and evidence; ensure a hearing romantic comedies, might help them grasp the concept. Once they are
for a full range of positions on a topic or familiar with the term, invite them to think about the fairy tale genre and
issue; clarify, verify, or challenge ideas
and conclusions; and promote divergent lead a discussion about how Massenet’s opera does, and does not, fit into
and creative perspectives.
that genre. You may guide your discussion with the following questions:
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.SL.4
Present information, findings, and • What are some elements that are typical of the fairy tale genre? If you
supporting evidence such that listeners
can follow the line of reasoning and the were about to watch a fairy tale, what would you expect to see?
organization, development, and style • Which elements of Massenet’s Cendrillon seem like they belong to the
are appropriate to task, purpose, and
audience. fairy tale genre? What are some elements you might have expected to
see, but were missing from this opera?
• Did any of the characters or situations seem foreign to the fairy tale genre?
For example, consider the deepness of Lucette’s grief and sadness at the
beginning of the opera. Did this surprise you? Why or why not?
• What about the production? Did the costumes, lights, and sets all seem to
match the fairy tale genre? Did any elements of the production surprise
you or seem out of place for a fairy tale?
• If anything stood out to you as being surprising for a fairy tale, consider
why those choices might have been made by Massenet and/or the produc-
tion’s creative team. What do you think those choices were intended to
communicate? How did they affect your experience and understanding
of the story?

26
 Laurent Pelly’s inspiration for the design
concept came straight from a storybook he
read at his grandmother’s house as a child.

Encourage your students to think about how specific aspects of the opera
and the production’s design affect their impression of the story. For example,
Massenet chose not to present his Cendrillon as an irrepressible optimist
who is content with her lot in life. Similarly, rather than depicting a refined
and elegant royal ball, Pelly’s production conjures a frenetic, almost absurd
revelry. Once your students have identified some aspects of the opera that
they find surprising, prompt them to think about how these shifts might
change one’s understanding of the story. Remind them that versions of the
Cinderella story have been told countless times for over thousands of years.
Invite them to consider how each version’s slight differences might vastly
change the story’s impact.
As a take-home assignment, have students consider making one change
to the Pelly production. It could be the addition of a new character, the
deletion of a scene, or simply the alteration of an unflattering costume so
as to make a certain character more attractive. Students should write a
few sentences explaining the edit they’ve decided to make and include a
thorough explanation of how they think this change will affect an audience’s
understanding of the opera.

27
 | G U I D E T O AU D I O T R AC K S

Excerpts taken from the video 1 Excerpt from “Ah! Que mes sœurs sont heureuses”
recording at the Royal Opera 2 Ex. Arpeggio
House courtesy of Warner
3 Ex. Celesta
Classics
4 Ex. Chromaticism
CENDRILLON 5 Ex. Coloratura
Joyce DiDonato 6 Ex. Harmonics
PRINCE CHARMING 7 Ex. Melisma
Alice Coote 8 Ex. Mute
9 Ex. Staccato
FAIRY GODMOTHER
Eglise Gutiérrez 10 Ex. Tessitura (in this example, a very high soprano tessitura)
11 Ex. Trill
MADAME DE LA HALTIÈRE
12 “Ah! Douce enfant, ta plainte légère” opening
Ewa Podles
13 Excerpt continues at “suivez exactement mes lois”
PANDOLFE 14 Excerpt continues at “Je veux qu’aux fêtes de la cour”
Jean-Philippe Lafont
15 “Ah! Douce enfant, ta plainte légère” in full
16 “Ah! Fugitives chimères” opening
CONDUCTED BY 17 Excerpt continues at “Fugitives chimères”
Bertrand de Billy 18 Excerpt continues with the chorus
Royal Opera Chorus and the 19 Excerpt continues at “Flottez!”
Orchestra of the Royal Opera 20 Excerpt continues at “Ah! Fugitives chimères”
House

Joyce DiDonato appears

courtesy of Warner Classics

28
THE MET: LIVE IN HD
CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

A Tale Retold Through Time

From Massenet’s Cendrillon (1899)

TRACK 1
CENDRILLON: Reste au foyer, petit grillon… Stay by the hearth, little cricket…
résigne-toi, Cendrille… resign yourself, Cinderella…
car ce n’est pas pour toi que brille because this glorious and joyful ray of light
le superbe et joyeux rayon: shines not for you:
Ne vas-tu pas porter envie au papillon? Would you be jealous of a butterfly?
A quoi penses-tu, pauvre fille? What are you thinking of, poor child?
Résigne-toi! Travaille, Cendrillon! Resign yourself! Work, Cinderella!

What strikes you about this character? What do you imagine to be Cendrillon’s mood, or attitude toward life?
Does she seem hopeful? Sad? Despairing? Be sure to point to evidence in the text above to support your argument.

Does this characterization of Cendrillon surprise you? Is it different from other versions of the Cinderella story
you’ve encountered? Why or why not?

29
THE MET: LIVE IN HD
CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

A Tale Retold Through Time (CO N T I N U E D)

From Disney’s Cinderella (1950)

CINDERELLA: A dream is a wish your heart makes

when you’re fast asleep.

In dreams, you lose your heartaches
whatever you wish for, you keep.

Have faith in your dreams and someday

your rainbow will come smiling through.
No matter how your heart is grieving
if you keep on believing
the dream that you wish will come true.

Does this text and music make you think differently about the character of Cinderella? How?

Do you think this affects the meaning of the story? Why or why not?

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CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

A Tale Retold Through Time (CO N T I N U E D)

Ye Xian by Duan Chengshi, China, 853 CE

Among the people of the south there is a tradition that before the Ch’in and Han dynasties there was a
cave-master called Wu...He married two wives. One wife died. She had a daughter Ye Xian, who from
childhood was intelligent and good at making pottery on the wheel. Her father loved her. After some
years the father died, and she was ill-treated by her stepmother, who always made her collect firewood
in dangerous places and draw water from deep pools.
She once got a fish about two inches long, with red fins and golden eyes. She put it into a bowl of water.
It grew bigger every day, and after she had changed the bowl several times, she could find no bowl big
enough for it, so she threw it into the back pond. Whatever food was left over from meals she put into
the water to feed it.
[The stepmother] called to the fish. The fish at once put its head out, and she chopped it off and killed it.
The fish was now more than ten feet long. She served it up, and it tasted twice as good as an ordinary fish.
She left the bones under the dung-hill. The next day, when the girl came to the pond, no fish appeared.
She howled with grief in the open countryside, and suddenly there appeared a man with his hair loose
over his shoulders and coarse clothes. He came down from the sky. He consoled her, saying, “Don’t howl!
Your stepmother had killed the fish and its bones are under the dung. You go back, take the fish’s bones
and hide them in your room. Whatever you want, you have only to pray to them for it. It is bound to be
granted.” The girl followed his advice and was able to provide herself with gold, pearls, dresses and food
whenever she wanted them.
When the time came for the cave-festival, the stepmother went, leaving the girl to keep watch over the
fruit-trees in the garden. She waited till the stepmother was some way off, and then went herself, wearing
a cloak of stuff spun from kingfisher feather and shoes of gold.…
This cave was near to an island in the sea. On this island was a kingdom called T’o-han. Its soldiers had
subdued twenty or thirty other islands and it had a coastline of several thousand leagues. The cave-man
sold the shoe in T’o-han, and the ruler of T’o-han got it. He told those about him to put it on; but it was
an inch too small even for the one among them that had the smallest foot. He ordered all the women in his
kingdom to try it on; but there was not one that it fit. Then they went everywhere through all the people’s
houses and arrested them. If there was a woman’s shoe, they arrested them and told the king of T’o-han.
He thought it strange, searched the inner-rooms and found Ye Xian. He made her put on the shoes, and
it was true. Ye Xian then came forward, wearing her cloak spun from halcyon feathers and her shoes. She
was as beautiful as a heavenly being. The stepmother and stepsister were shortly afterwards struck by flying
stones, and died. The cave people were sorry for them and buried them in a stone-pit, which was called the
Tomb of the Distressed Women. The men of the cave made mating-offerings there; any girl they prayed
for there, they got. The king of T’o-han, when he got back to his kingdom, made Ye Xian his chief wife.
(Excerpted from the translation by Arthur Waley in Folklore 58 (1947).

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CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

A Tale Retold Through Time (CO N T I N U E D)

What are some of the differences and similarities between the story of Ye Xian and the version of Cinderella you
know?

If you had to write a song, monologue, or aria introducing Ye Xian to an audience, what would you want to include?
How would you want it to set up the rest of the story? Give it a try below:

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THE MET: LIVE IN HD
CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
Music of Magic and Dreams

TRACK 12
The Fairy Godmother appears. She assures the sleeping
Lucette that she has heard her laments and bids her not
to despair. She summons her company of fairies and
elves to her service.
FAIRY GODMOTHER: Ah! Douce enfant, ta plainte légère Ah! Sweet child, your slight complaint,
comme l’haleine d’une fleur, like the breath of a flower,
vient de monter jusqu’à mon cœur. has risen to my heart.
Ta marraine te voit et te protège: espère! Your godmother sees you and protects you: have hope!

SPIRITS AND ELVES: Espère! Hope!

FAIRY GODMOTHER: Sylphes, lutins, follets, Sylphes, elves, and willow-the-wisps,

accourez à ma voix, de tous les horizons, hear my voice from every corner
à travers les espaces… near and far…

CHECK OFF ALL OF THE MUSICAL ELEMENTS THAT YOU HEAR IN THIS SCENE:

Mostly major harmonies Celesta A recitative-like vocal line

Mostly minor harmonies Harp Smooth, legato melodies
Mixture of major and minor Vocal melismas Choral interjections sung
harmonies in harmony
Syllabic text setting
Dissonance Unaccompanied voice(s)
Coloratura
Chromaticism Rapid tempo changes
Vocal arpeggios
Strings Long, sustained notes in the
High tessitura in the voice
orchestral accompaniment
Woodwinds
Trills
Fast and rapidly shifting notes
Brass
Harmonics in the orchestral accompaniment

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CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

Music of Magic and Dreams (CO N T I N U E D)

TRACK 13
The fairies and elves appear, and the Fairy Godmother
commands them to do what she asks. Cendrillon shall
attend the royal ball, splendidly dressed by the fairies
and admired by all.
(the Spirits and Elves appear)
FAIRY GODMOTHER:

Suivez exactement mes lois: Follow exactly my directions:

Apportez-moi tous vos talents, toutes vos graces! Bring me your talents, all of your arts!

SPIRITS AND ELVES: Que nous ordonnes-tu? What do you command us?
Nous écoutons tes lois. We listen to your instructions.

FAIRY GODMOTHER: Je veux que cette enfant charmante, que I want this charming child you see here
voici, soit aujourd’hui hors de souci: je le veux; to be free from care today: I wish it;
et que par vous, splendidement parée, and then, so splendidly adorned by you,
elle connaisse enfin le bonheur à son tour. I want her to have her turn at happiness at last.

CHECK OFF ALL OF THE MUSICAL ELEMENTS THAT YOU HEAR IN THIS SCENE:

Mostly major harmonies Celesta A recitative-like vocal line

Mostly minor harmonies Harp Smooth, legato melodies
Mixture of major and minor Vocal melismas Choral interjections sung
harmonies in harmony
Syllabic text setting
Dissonance Unaccompanied voice(s)
Coloratura
Chromaticism Rapid tempo changes
Vocal arpeggios
Strings Long, sustained notes in the
High tessitura in the voice
orchestral accompaniment
Woodwinds
Trills
Fast and rapidly shifting notes
Brass
Harmonics in the orchestral accompaniment

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THE MET: LIVE IN HD
CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

Music of Magic and Dreams (CO N T I N U E D)

TRACK 14
The Fairy Godmother promises to watch over
Cendrillon, and while she dreams of these marvelous
visions, the whole company of fairies praises her beauty.
FAIRY GODMOTHER: Je veux qu’aux fêtes de la cour When she goes to the palace ball, I want her
elle soit la plus belle et la plus admirée! to be the most beautiful and the most admired!
Je le veux! Ah! I wish it! Ah!
O ma petite Cendrillon, O my small Cinderella,
fleur d’innocence et d’amour flower of innocence and love,
sur toi je veille! O Cendrillon. I shall watch over you! O Cinderella.

CENDRILLON: (asleep) Vision ravissante! What an enchanting vision!

SPIRITS: Cendrillon, tu seras la beauté sans pareille! Cinderella, your beauty shall have no equal!

CENDRILLON: Étonnante merveille! What an astonishing dream!

SPIRITS: Cendrillon, tu seras la beauté sans pareille!. Cinderella, your beauty shall have no equal!

CHECK OFF ALL OF THE MUSICAL ELEMENTS THAT YOU HEAR IN THIS SCENE:

Mostly major harmonies Celesta A recitative-like vocal line

Mostly minor harmonies Harp Smooth, legato melodies
Mixture of major and minor Vocal melismas Choral interjections sung
harmonies in harmony
Syllabic text setting
Dissonance Unaccompanied voice(s)
Coloratura
Chromaticism Rapid tempo changes
Vocal arpeggios
Strings Long, sustained notes in the
High tessitura in the voice
orchestral accompaniment
Woodwinds
Trills
Fast and rapidly shifting notes
Brass
Harmonics in the orchestral accompaniment

The full aria can be heard on Track 15.

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CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

Music of Magic and Dreams (CO N T I N U E D)

TRACK 16
CHORUS OF SPIRITS AND FAIRY GODMOTHER: Ah! Ah!

Characteristics:

Description:
(Describe and list musical
devices & instruments
you hear, as well as the
resulting feeling of the
moment)

TRACK 17
FAIRY GODMOTHER: Fugitives chimères, Fleeting illusions,
O lueurs éphémères, O ephemeral glimmers,
âmes ou follets, spirits and elves,
glissez sur les bruyères! glide over the heather!
Flottez sur les genêts! Float over the broom!

Characteristics:

Description:
(Describe and list musical
devices & instruments
you hear, as well as the
resulting feeling of the
moment)

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CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

Music of Magic and Dreams (CO N T I N U E D)

TRACK 18
CHORUS OF SPIRITS: Fugitives chimères, Fleeting illusions,
O lueurs passagères, O ephemeral glimmers,
âmes ou follets, spirits and elves,
glissez sur les bruyères! glide over the heather!
Flottez sur les genêts! Float over the broom!

FAIRY GODMOTHER: Chers follets, brillez! Dear spirits, shine!

Chers follets, glissez! Dear spirits, glide!
Flottez sur les genêts! Float over the broom!

Characteristics:

Description:
(Describe and list musical
devices & instruments
you hear, as well as the
resulting feeling of the
moment)

TRACK 19
FAIRY GODMOTHER: Flottez! Float!
CHORUS OF SPIRITS: Ah! Ah!

Characteristics:

Description:
(Describe and list musical
devices & instruments
you hear, as well as the
resulting feeling of the
moment)

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THE MET: LIVE IN HD
CENDRILLON

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

Music of Magic and Dreams (CO N T I N U E D)

TRACK 20
FAIRY GODMOTHER: Ah! Ah!

CHORUS OF SPIRITS: Fugitives chimères, Fleeting illusions,

O lueurs passagères, O ephemeral glimmers,
âmes ou follets, spirits and elves,
glissez sur les bruyères! glide over the heather!
Flottez sur les genêts! Float over the broom!

Characteristics:

Description:
(Describe and list musical
devices & instruments
you hear, as well as the
resulting feeling of the
moment)

38
THE MET: LIVE IN HD
CENDRILLON

At the Met: A Dream Come True?

Cendrillon is, above all else, a story about a “dream come true.” While we use this phrase to describe the feeling
of a hope or desire turning into reality, Massenet’s opera arguably takes the saying quite literally. Throughout
the opera, various characters fall asleep, wake up, have magical nighttime encounters, and repeatedly question
whether they are truly experiencing reality.
In this production, can you distinguish between dreams and reality? As you watch the opera, be on the lookout
for settings and moments that you think might depict a dream state. Make notes on the moment or scene below
and write a few sentences about why you think it is, or is not, a dream.

ACT I & II
Description of moment/scene Moment 1:
Evidence for why you think it is, or is not, a
dream Evidence:

Moment 2:

Evidence:

Moment 3:

Evidence:

At intermission, compare notes with your classmates. Did they have different opinions
about what was a dream and what was real?

During the third and fourth acts, again be on the lookout for moments that you think
might not be what they seem. Record them below for further conversation after the
opera ends.

ACT III & IV Moment 1:

Evidence:

Moment 2:

Evidence:

Moment 3:

Evidence:
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Cendrillon: My Highs & Lows
APRIL 28, 2018

CONDUCTED BY BERTRAND DE BILLY

REVIEWED BY

THE STARS STAR POWER MY COMMENTS

JOYCE DIDONATO AS CENDRILLON ✩✩✩✩✩

ALICE COOTE AS PRINCE CHARMING ✩✩✩✩✩

KATHLEEN KIM AS THE FAIRY GODMOTHER ✩✩✩✩✩

STEPHANIE BLYTHE AS MADAME DE LA HALTIÈRE ✩✩✩✩✩

THE SHOW, SCENE BY SCENE ACTION MUSIC SET DESIGN/STAGING

MONSIEUR PANDOLFE IS AFRAID OF HIS WIFE 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

THE WOMEN PREPARE TO ATTEND A BALL 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

LUCETTE IS SAD AND LONELY 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

THE FAIRY GODMOTHER AND HER FAIRIES APPEAR 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

PRINCE CHARMANT FINDS NO JOY IN HIS LIFE 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

A PARADE OF WOMEN ARRIVES AT THE BALL 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

THE PRINCE AND LUCETTE MEET AND FALL IN LOVE 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:
THE SHOW, SCENE BY SCENE ACTION MUSIC SET DESIGN/STAGING

THE HALTIÈRE WOMEN RETURN FROM THE BALL 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

AN ENCHANTED LANDSCAPE 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5
MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

LUCETTE AWAKENS AFTER A LONG ILLNESS 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

WOMEN FROM ACROSS THE LAND TRY ON THE GLASS SLIPPER 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE:

THE PRINCE AND LUCETTE ARE REUNITED 1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5    1  2  3  4  5

MY OPINION OF THIS SCENE: