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Synopsis On Political Science

This document compares and contrasts parliamentary and presidential forms of democracy. It aims to understand the basic structure of parliamentary democracy, compare it to presidential democracy, and examine how parliamentary democracy functions in India. Secondary sources on parliamentary systems, parliamentary democracy in India, and works analyzing each type of democratic system are reviewed. Descriptive research methods using secondary data from various sources will be used to conduct an exploratory analysis of parliamentary governance in India.

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siddharth
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6K views4 pages

Synopsis On Political Science

This document compares and contrasts parliamentary and presidential forms of democracy. It aims to understand the basic structure of parliamentary democracy, compare it to presidential democracy, and examine how parliamentary democracy functions in India. Secondary sources on parliamentary systems, parliamentary democracy in India, and works analyzing each type of democratic system are reviewed. Descriptive research methods using secondary data from various sources will be used to conduct an exploratory analysis of parliamentary governance in India.

Uploaded by

siddharth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jekyll and Hyde of Parliamentary Form of Democracy

Statement of Problem & Hypothesis:

A Parliamentary System is a system of government in which the ministers of the Executive


Branch get their legitimacy from a Legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the
Executive and Legislative branches are intertwined. This project is a comparison of presidential
and parliamentary systems. They are the two most popular types of democratic governments.
They have common and dissimilar features. Consequently nations can choose which system they
sympathize: the more classic parliamentary system or the less rigid presidential system, or the
mixture of them. I do not want to stand by neither of them in my project. I just want to show and
compare them. As emerging nations struggle to identify themselves, they are also debating which
form of democracy is the best for them. Depending on the nation and its citizens, they may
choose the more classic parliamentary system or the less rigid presidential system. They could
also blend to two popular systems together to create the hybrid government that works best for
them. Whether the parliamentary system chosen by the forefathers of the Constitution of India
has proven good for the country and whether India needs changes in the system of its
governance.

Aims and Objectives:

1. To understand the basic structure of parliamentary form of democracy.


2. To compare the parliamentary form of democracy with presidential form of democracy.
3. To understand the working of parliamentary system in Indian scenario.

Review of Literature:
1. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM 1

A parliamentary democracy is directly and immediately responsive to popular influence


through the electoral process. Members of parliament may hold their positions during an
established period between regularly scheduled elections. However, they can be turned out
of office at any point between the periodic parliamentary elections if the government
formed by the majority party loses the support of the majority of the legislative body.
A few parliamentary democracies function as semi-presidential systems. They have a
president, elected by direct vote of the people, who exercises significant foreign policy
powers apart from the prime minister. For example, the constitutional democracy of
Lithuania is a parliamentary system with characteristics of a presidential system.
Advocates of the parliamentary system claim it is more efficient than the presidential
alternative because it is not encumbered by checks and balances among power-sharing
departments, which usually slow down the operations of government and sometimes
create paralyzing gridlocks. Further, in the parliamentary system, a government that has
lost favor with the people can be voted out of office immediately. Advocates claim that by
responding more readily to the will of the people the parliamentary system is more
democratic than the presidential alternative. However, both parliamentary and presidential
systems can be genuine democracies so long as they conform to the essential
characteristics by which a democracy is distinguished from a non-democracy, including
constitutionalism, representation based on democratic elections, and guaranteed rights to
liberty for all citizens.

2. PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY IN INDIA.2

While parliamentary democracy in India, as a political ideal, is still exposed to hazards


arising from the attitudes of certain political parties and criticisms from others, the

1
Classroom Annenberg, ‘Parliament system’, viewed 15 February 2016,
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/term/parliamentary-system
2
‘Parliamentary Democracy in India’, Economic Weekly, 2 April 1960, viewed 15 February 2016,
http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1960_12/14/parliamentary_democracy_in_indiaprocedural_improvements_not_
enough.pdf
mechanism of the system functioning through Parliament is being progressively perfected.
The mechanism can be an important factor contributing to the success of the system, but it
cannot be the sole factor. The distinction between the two is evident. We may evolve
satisfactory and even precise rules and procedures to guide the work of parliamentary
institutions, as in fact we are doing, and thereby enable Parliament to carry on its work
smoothly and efficiently. But the roots of the parliamentary system lie in the democratic
ideal, and they have to be fostered outside the confines of Parliament and among the
masses of people. Unless the roots are vitalized and made to acquire self developing
potentialities, the branches of the system represented by Parliament and the State
Legislatures cannot draw the necessary sustenance. Because of the preponderant position
of the party in power, the inevitable implication of which is that all—or most—
Government decisions are decisions, of the Congress party, Parliament's instrumentality in
decision-making as such is restricted. The Opposition parties express their points of view,
and on some issues on which they feel strongly they express themselves strongly, as the
Communists on the Kerala issue. Apart from that, consultations may go on through
Special Committees, as on food. There is, however, a number of indications to show that
Parliament is becoming a more effective instrument for expressing public opinion and
voicing public grievances. It is also becoming increasingly effective in restraining the
executive and ensuring the Latter’s response and accountability to national sentiment and
will , which finds expression—in a broad manner—in the House through elected
representatives of organized political parties and others. Through the evolution of various
mechanical devices and enforcement of rules of procedure, the day-to-day working of
Parliament is being better regulated.

Research Methodology:

The topic for the research study and the nature of the topic is theoretical and descriptive.
So the conduct, the research study & the type of research suitable is descriptive research
only. In the research and theoretical articles, effective use of secondary analysis of
published results has been made. Secondary data has been used as a part of research.
Paper-based sources like books, journals, periodicals, abstracts, research reports,
conference papers, internal records, newspapers and magazines were used. This study
conducted exploratory and descriptive research on parliamentary system of governance.
The researcher collected data from various resources and used the data management tools
and procedures in preparation of analysis. As appropriate for an explanatory and
descriptive in which study’s design evolved over the period of research. There was not a
clearly demarcated line between data collection, data analysis and preliminary write-up of
the findings. Choosing the secondary source over the period of research included analysis
and determination of relevance. Quantitative analysis has been done along with a case
study.

References:
1. Classroom Annenberg, ‘Parliament system’, viewed 15 February 2016,
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/term/parliamentary-system
2. Parliamentary Democracy in India’, Economic Weekly, 2 April 1960, viewed 15
February 2016,
http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1960_12/14/parliamentary_democracy_in_indiaproce
dural_improvements_not_enough.pdf

PROJECT SYNOPSIS
Submitted to: - Submitted by:-

Mrs. Raka Arya Kartik Chamadia

Assistant Professor 2015BA.LLB07

(Political Science) NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY

Bhopal

POLITICAL SCIENCE-I

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