Machine - Scheduling - Lecture - Indonesia 2015
Machine - Scheduling - Lecture - Indonesia 2015
Machine - Scheduling - Lecture - Indonesia 2015
(Short-term Scheduling)
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Referensi Utama
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Implikasi Strategis dari Penjadwalan
Jangka Pendek
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Competitive Advantage: Overall
Equipment Effectiveness
A (Availability rate)
= Uptime/Total Availability Rate
P (Performance rate)
= Actual Output/Standard Output
Q (Quality rate)
= Good Output/Actual Output
OEE = A x P x Q
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Setup times FG 40 Unit 50 40
for resources
120 R2
7 R4-20 R5-9 R4-7
6 R3-15
60 R3
4 25 WIP 10
0 R5
R2-4 15 R4-20
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2 R4-18 R3-12
RM RM A RM C RM E RM F 5
A B C D E F
Capacity Planning, Aggregate Scheduling, Master
Schedule, and Short-Term Scheduling
Capacity Planning
1. Facility size Long-term
2. Equipment procurement
Aggregate Scheduling
1. Facility utilization Intermediate-term
2. Personnel needs
3. Subcontracting
Master Schedule
1. MRP Intermediate-term
2. Disaggregation of master plan
Short-term Scheduling
1. Work center loading Short-term
2. Job sequencing
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Production System-Decision Hierarchy
Inputs Process Outputs Planning
Horizon
Long Range Economic Forecasts Strategic Operating Facilities Years
Financial Choices Planning Product Line (Families)
Technologies
Processing Technologies/Efficiency Aggregate Production Level Months
Medium Range Product Production Workforce Level
Family Forecasts Planning Family Inventories
Machine Schedules
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Penjadwalan Jangka Pendek
Berhubungan dengan waktu dari suatu operasi
Fokus jangka pendek: Jam, Harian, Mingguan
Types
Forward Scheduling Backward Scheduling
B E B E
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Tujuan Penjadwalan Jangka
Pendek
Minimasi completion time
Minimasi Flow Time
Maksimisasi utilization (Mengefektifkan
penggunaan tenaga kerja dan mesin)
Minimasi WIP inventory (Menjaga tingkat
persediaan tetap rendah)
Minimasi customer wait time
Minimasi average lateness
Minimasi average tardiness, dan lain-lain 11
Worker: Utilization Evaluation (Ushada et al., 2014)
Over Capacity Worker is a worker which has µ Capacity > the ʎ arrival rate of material
and causing low utility (utility is less than 50%)
Capacity Constrained Worker (CCW) is a worker which has µ < ʎ and causing high
workload and high risk to hazard (Utility is more than 100%)
Normal Worker is a worker which has µ close or equal to ʎ (Utility is between 50% and
100%)
Worker status is difficult to be derived due to the complexity of Motion and Time Study
to measure the µ Capacity
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Sistem Penjadwalan Pekerja/Mesin Di UKM
(Ushada et al., 2014)
Worker Worker Worker Shift
Measurement Assignment Scheduling
Data Light
After Working
Logger4 Intensity
Noise
Data
Level
Logger5
Workplace Environment Workplace
Measurement Set Point Maintenance
Machine: Productive and Non-productive Time
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Istilah yang harus dimengerti (Scheduling Objectives):
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Penjadwalan Job Shop
Penjadwalan dan sistem kendali harus mampu:
Mengalokasikan pesanan, mesin peralatan dan tenaga
kerja ke stasiun kerja atau lokasi lain yang telah
ditentukan.
Menentukan urutan (sequence) kinerja pesanan.
Pemberian perintah kerja kepada sistem produksi.
Menjaga dan mengendalikan aktifitas produksi untuk
mereview status pesanan dan mempercepat order-order
pesanan yang akan datang atau yang bersifat kritis.
Revisi jadwal untuk menandakan perubahan dalam
status pesanan.
Menjamin kebutuhan pengendalian kualitas tetap
terpenuhi.
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Classification of Scheduling Problem
Flow Shop
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Penjadwalan n Pekerjaan pada 1 Mesin
n PEKERJAAN 1 MESIN
1
MESIN
2
4 n
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Penjadwalan n Pekerjaan pada 1 Mesin
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Chart for Sequencing & Scheduling
Gantt Chart menunjukan beban kerja relatif dalam
sebuah fasilitas
Kelemahannya:
Tidak dapat diandalkan untuk aktivitas tak terduga
Harus diupdate secara teratur
Day
Job Day Day Day Day Day Day Day
1S 2 T
3 W
4 5T 6F 7S
Job A
Job B
Job C Actual
work
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Sequencing Challenge
Order
release Job Packet
Job XYZ Which job do
I run next?
Dispatch List
Order Part Due Qty
XYZ 6014 123 100
ABC 6020 124 50
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Penjadwalan n Pekerjaan pada 1 Mesin
FCFS Schedule
Job (in order Processing Due Date
of arrival Time (days) (days hence) Start Job Time Finish
A 3 5 0 + 3 3
B 4 6 3 + 4 7
C 2 7 7 + 2 9
D 6 9 9 + 6 15
E 1 2 15 + 1 16
Total Average
Scheduling Completion Completion Time Average tardiness
Rule Time (days) (days) (days)
FCFS 50 10.0 4.6
SPT 36 7.2 2.4
EDD 39 7.8 2.4
LCFS 46 9.2 4.0
Random 53 10.6 5.4
STR 43 8.6 3.2
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Penjadwalan n Pekerjaan pada 1 Mesin
Total Average
Scheduling Flow Flow Time Average Lateness
Rule Time (days) (days) (days)
FCFS 50 10.0 4.2
SPT 36 7.2 1.4
EDD 39 7.8 2
LCFS 46 9.2 3.4
Random 53 10.6 4.8
STR 43 8.6 2.8
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Some points to remember:
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