HC2 Notes

Education is essential for every society and individual.
It is life itself but not a

preparation for life. Man has various qualities. These qualities of the individual should
be developed for the improvement of the country. So education plays a complementary
role for overall individual, social and national development. It enables an individual to
realize his highest self and goal. The key functions and roles of education towards
individual, society and country are listed below.
Functions of education towards individual:
(1) Development of inborn potentialities- Education helps the child to develop the
inborn potentialities of child providing scope to develop.
(2) Modifying behavior- Education helps to modify the past behavior through learning
and through different agencies of education.
(3) All-round development- Education aims at the all round development of child-
physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual.
(4) Preparing for the future- After completion of education the child can earn its
livelihood getting proper education, which has productivity. The education should be
imparted according to the own interest of the child.
(5) Developing personality- The whole personality of the child is developed physically,
intellectually, morally, socially, aesthetically and spiritually. He is recognized in the
society.
(6) Helping for adjustability- Man differs from beast. Man has reasoning and thinking
power. Man tries his best to adjust with his own environment through education.
Functions of education towards society:
(1) Social change and control:
The society is never station. It is progressive and dynamic. The child lives in society. It is
the social environment where the personality of the child can be developed. The old
traditions, customs are preserved and transmitted with the situations, which are ever
changing. We should not think or believe in the blind beliefs, which are hindrances
towards our development. Education helps to walk with the development of science and
technology.
(2) Reconstruction of experiences:
Education is life-long process. Life is education and education is life. Life is full of
experiences. One cannot live with his past experiences which are unable to adjust in the
society. So education helps the individual to reconstruct the experience and adjust with
the environment.
5(3) Development of social and moral value:

Society is always in tension with narrowism. There is no social or moral value. Now the
man is behaving like an animal. Animality can be changed with moral education.
Education teaches the moral value and social value like co-operation, tolerance,
sympathy, fellow feelings, love affection, respect towards elder, helping the poor and
needy persons.
(4) Providing opportunity or equality:
Indian Constitution has introduced the term ‘equality’ because we are not getting equal
opportunities in all aspects. Education teaches us to give equal opportunities in all
aspects irrespective of caste, creed, color, sex and religion.
Functions of education towards nation:
(1) Inculcation of civic and social responsibility- Education helps to make rising
generation to understand its rights and duties as citizens of a democratic country.
(2) Training for leadership- The leadership quality of the individual is developed when
he participates in all spheres of social, political, religious and educational activities.
(3) National integration- We are living in one country having diversities in respect of
color, caste, language, diet, dress, habits and physical environment.
Educational integration leads to emotional integration. Education trains people for

unity, not for locality, for democracy and not for dictatorship.
Education serves the most important end of educating the man.
(4) Total national development- Education helps for bringing about total national
development by developing its all aspects i.e. social, economic, cultural, spiritual, moral,
educational, etc.
Therefore, really education is an essential ingredient for all ages and stages of the life of
an individual, society as well as the nation. Education can be a real panacea for all social
evils.
Formal Education
Formal education or formal learning usually takes place in the premises of school, where
a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Small children often attend a
nursery or kindergarten but often formal education begins in elementary school and
continues with secondary school.
Post-secondary education (or higher education) is usually at a college or university
which may grant an academic degree. It is associated with a specific or stage and is
provided under the certain set of rules and regulations.
The formal education is given by specially qualified teachers they are supposed to be
efficient in the art of instruction. It also observes strict discipline. The student and the
teacher both are aware of the facts and engage themselves in the process of education.
Examples of Formal Education

 Learning in a classroom
 School grading/certification, college, and university degrees
 Planned education of different subjects having a proper syllabus acquired by
attending the institution.
Characteristics of formal education
 Formal education is structured hierarchically.
 It is planned and deliberate.
 Scheduled fees are paid regularly.
 It has a chronological grading system.
 It has a syllabus and subject oriented. The syllabus has to be covered within a
specific time period.
 The child is taught by the teachers
Advantages of Formal education:
 An organized educational model and up to date course contents.
 Students acquire knowledge from trained and professional teachers.
 Structured and systematic learning process.
 Intermediate and final assessments are ensured to advance students to the next
learning phase.
 Institution are managerially and physically organized.
 Leads to a formally recognized certificate.
 Easy access to jobs.
Disadvantages of Formal education:
 Sometimes, brilliant students are bored due to long wait for expiry of the
academic session to promote to the next stage
 Chance of bad habits’ adoption may be alarming due to the presence of both
good and bad students in classroom
 Wastage of time as some lazy students may fail to learn properly in spite of
motivation by the professional trainers.
 Some unprofessional and non standard education system may cause the
wastage of time and money of the students which leads to the disappointment
from formal education and argue them to go for non-formal education.
 Costly and rigid education as compare to other form of learning
Informal Education
Informal education may be a parent teaching a child how to prepare a meal or ride a
bicycle.
People can also get an informal education by reading many books from a library or
educational websites.
Informal education is when you are not studying in a school and do not use any
particular learning method. In this type of education, conscious efforts are not involved.
It is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. It may be learned at some marketplace, hotel or
at home.
Unlike formal education, informal education is not imparted by an institution such as

school or college. Informal education is not given according to any fixed timetable.
There is no set curriculum required. Informal education consists of experiences and
actually living in the family or community.
Examples of Informal Education

 Teaching the child some basics such as numeric characters.
 Someone learning his/her mother tongue
 A spontaneous type of learning, “if a person standing in a bank learns
about opening and maintaining the account at the bank from someone.”
Characteristics of Informal Education
 It is independent of boundary walls.
 It has no definite syllabus.
 It is not pre-planned and has no timetable.
 No fees are required as we get the informal education through daily experience
and by learning new things.
 It is a lifelong process in a natural way.
 The certificates/degrees are not involved and one has no stress for learning the
new things.
 You can get from any source such as media, life experiences, friends, family etc.
Advantages of Informal Education
 More naturally learning process as you can learn at anywhere and at any time
from your daily experience.
 It involves activities like individual and personal research on a topic or interest for
themselves by utilizing books, libraries, social media, internet or getting
assistance from informal trainers.
 Utilizes a variety of techniques.
 No specific time span.
 Less costly and time efficient learning process.
 No need to hire experts as most of professionals may be willing to share their
precious knowledge with students/public through social media and internet.
 Learners can be picked up the requisite information from books, TV, radio or
conversations with their friends/family members.
Disadvantages of Informal Education
 Information acquired from internet, social media, TV, radio or conversations with
friends/family members may lead to the disinformation.
 Utilized techniques may not be appropriate.
 No proper schedule/time span.
 Unpredictable results which simply the wastage of time.
 Lack of confidence in learner.
 Absence of discipline, attitude and good habits.
Read also: Importance of education: comprehensive article
Non-formal Education
Non-formal education includes adult basic education, adult literacy education or school
equivalency preparation.
In nonformal education, someone (who is not in school) can learn literacy, other basic
skills or job skills.
Home education, individualized instruction (such as programmed learning), distance

learning and computer-assisted instruction are other possibilities.
Non-formal education is imparted consciously and deliberately and systematically

implemented. It should be organized for a homogeneous group. Non-formal, education
should be programmed to serve the needs of the identified group. This will necessitate
flexibility in the design of the curriculum and the scheme of evaluation.
Examples of Non-formal Education
 Boy Scouts and Girls Guides develop some sports program such as swimming
comes under the nonformal education.
 Fitness programs.
 Community-based adult education courses.
 Free courses for adult education developed by some organization.
Characteristics of Non-formal Education
 The nonformal education is planned and takes place apart from the school
system.
 The timetable and syllabus can be adjustable.
 Unlike the theoretical formal education, it is practical and vocational education.
 Nonformal education has no age limit.
 Fees or certificates may or may not be necessary.
 It may be full time or part-time learning and one can earn and learn together.
 It involves learning of professional skills.
Advantages of Non-formal Education
 Practiced and vocational training.
 Naturally growing minds that do not wait for the system to amend.
 Literacy with skillfulness growth in which self-learning is appreciated.
 Flexibility in age, curriculum and time.
 Open-ended educational system in which both public and private sector are
involved in the process.
 No need to conduct regular exams.
 Diploma, certificates and award are not essential to be awarded.
Disadvantages of Non-formal Education
 Attendance of participants are unsteady.
 Sometimes, it’s just wastage of time as there is no need to conduct exam on
regular basis and no degree/diploma is awarded at the end of the training session.
 Basic reading and writing skills are crucial to learn.
 No professional and trained teachers.
 Students may not enjoy the full confidence as the regular students enjoy.
 Some institutes provide fake certification through online courses just for the sake
of earning.

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Education is essential for every society and individual.

It is life itself but not a

Functions of education towards individual:

Functions of education towards society:

(1) Social change and control:

(2) Reconstruction of experiences:

5(3) Development of social and moral value:

(4) Providing opportunity or equality:

Functions of education towards nation:

Educational integration leads to emotional integration. Education trains people for

Education serves the most important end of educating the man.

Examples of Formal Education

Unlike formal education, informal education is not imparted by an institution such as

Examples of Informal Education

Read also: Importance of education: comprehensive article

Home education, individualized instruction (such as programmed learning), distance

Non-formal education is imparted consciously and deliberately and systematically

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