Unit 12 Landscapes

12a Aerial view

Listening interview with Marie Arana 3 1§13.22 Listen again and choose
the best option (a-c) to complete
1 'i 3.22 You are going to listen to an interview with Marie Arana, a the questions.
journalist. Look at the photos. Which landscapes does she associate
with North America and which with South America? 1 Marie Arana has always
had a strong awareness of
landscapes because she grew
up:
a near volcanoes.
2 "113.22 Which words did Marie Arana use to describe each of the
b on a farm near the sea.
landscapes depicted in the photos? Complete the expressions then
c on an island in the Pacific
listen again and check.
1 mountain 2 The American landscape felt
foreign to her because:
2 ........................w .. , green .
a the land stretched so far in
3 great of grass alI directions.
4 towns b there were roads
Glossary
everywhere.
hacienda (n) l,hresi'end~1 (of 5panish origin) a large estate used for farming c people had settled
prairie (n) I'pre~ril a large area of flat grassland everywhere.
shanty town (n) I'frenti ,taun/ a poor area of a town made up of shacks or
3 What she loves about Peru is:
insubstantial buildings
a how deserted it was.
b how varied the landscape
was.
c how easy it is to get from
one place to another.
4 Why had the cities she saw
from the air grown so much?
a because of economic
migrants
b because of people escapiru
various disasters
c because of industrialisatioi
5 How did she feel when
she saw the cities of South
Arnerica from the air?
a moved and impressed
b confused
c surprised and saddened
6 What was the most difficult
thing about taking photos
from a small aeroplane?
a the wind and cold coming
through the open doar
b you don't have confidence
in the plane
c your equipment doesn't
always work properly
 4 Look at these words and expressions from the 6 Make the ideas in this passage more approximate
interview and choose the correct definition. using the expressions of approximation.
1 In all truth, I was taken aback We live on a big ranch in Montana.
a to be honest b in every sense It's been in the family for 120 years. 10DD
se
2 The urban centres have burgeoned I guess my father is what you would
te
call a cowboy. The herd is 300 cattle 2 ROUGHLY
a grown much larger b become depressed
which is actually small for this 3 KINDOF
3 the shanty towns that had sprouted up around
region, but it keeps us busy! I still
the cities IN THE .. OR TWO
help out there, but next year I'rn 4

w a grown upwards b grown out of the ground going back to college to continue my
4 the prevailing beauty of the land studies. I think we all have ambition 5 SOME
a dominating other aspects b hidden to do something different from our
parents. I have ideas. One is to be a 6 DOZENSOF
5 the visual feast below us
.ic, car designer. If it doesn't work out.
a delight for the eyes b confusing image I can always come back and help out
~lt WITH STUFF
6 fierce gales rushing through the open door with work on the farm. 7

a extreme cold b very strong winds

r in

Vocabulary landscapes
language focus approximation
7 Choose the best option and form collocations
5 Rewrite the words and expressions in bold about features of the landscape.
from the interview using these expressions of
approximation. You will need to add to or replace 1 rolling / rustic / open hills
l is: the words. 2 idyZZic/ sparse / cloudless sky
3 bleak / monotonous / rich farmland
around hundreds of -ish kind of
4 rolling / rustic / open plains
orso over some stuff
rm 5 snow-capped / lush / sparse meadows
1 My earliest memories are of earthquakes - there 6 idyllic / sparse / monotonous vegetation
were fifteen by the time I reached the age of
'IV 7 lush / rustic / open scene
five.
ch? 8 idyllic / night-time / snow-capped countryside
2 ... a place where you could drive for miles 9 sparse / night-time / bleak skyline
and human beings always be in evidence. 10 bleak / rich / snow-capped mountains
Iping

3 Having grown up in a desert, I had never seen 8 Dictation approximate answers

ation
great fields of grass.
~~ 3.23 Listen to a conversation where a speaker
h gives approximate answers to questions. Complete
4 Peru has five kinds of landforms ... all of it in the answers.
dose proximity!
1 Where do you live now?
5 ... the shanty towns that had sprouted ........................................................................................................................
Irbid,
ed
up around the cities in the past 30 years.
ult 2 Is that near where you work?
,s
6 The sights from 1,500 metres in the air were
astoundingly beautiful!
ming
Ir 3 What's the countryside like around there?
7 Terrified by how vulnerable a small airplane can
lence
feel ...
m't
8 How Bobby was able to ... manipulate 4 Are you near the desert?
y
photographic equipment under those
conditions is still a mystery to me.
12b Nature's great events
Reading nature blog
1 Have you seen any of the following events in
nature? What amazing natural events would you
like to see?

a double rainbow a solar eclipse

a lunar eclipse

2 Read the blog about fOUIamazing events seen by

the writer. Which one(s):
1 are a bit frightening?
2 are to do with the sun?
3 are to do with water?
4 are unexplained phenomena?
5 take place in countries with cold climates?
6 produce an amazing eHect?

3 Find words in the blog with the following

meanings.
1 drops of water that appear on plants
Nature can conjure up some pretty amazing and the grass in cold weather (para 1)
spectacles. Some are on quite a modest scale
and are fairly easily found: a spider's web in 2 the northernmost and southernmost points on
the morning dew one autumn morning or frost the Earth (para 2) .
formations on a wi ndow pane. Others are on 3 poisonous (para 3) .
a much grander scale and are not so easy to 4 burnt or made very dry by heat (para 4)
come by. I have been lucky enough to see four
of them on my travels and it's these I'd like to
5 turning round and round (para 5)
share with you.

The Aurora Borealis

An extraord inary Iight show in the far northern
skies, the Aurora occurs when solar winds (a the middle of vast expanses of scorched open desert.
stream of plasma) interact with the Earth's But it's more surprising to learn that they move. Stones
magnetic fields, which are strongest at the two weighing over a hundred kilos can drift across the
poles. As particles in the solar wind collide with sand. You would think this could be explained by the
gases in the atmosphere, they glow in wonderful action of the wind or elements, until you learn that
greens, blues and reds. some stones that started in the same place have been
known to move in completely different directions.
Red tides
Also called the algal bloom, red tides are caused Ice circles
by an accumulation of algae in the oceano lt's These are beautiful circular discs of ice, some
an impressive, but also slightly alarming sight measuring up to 150 metres across, that form in rivers.
as the sea turns a blood-red colour. The algae is Most of us are quite used to seeing ice forming at the
not dangerous to humans but can be quite toxic edge of a river where the current is slower and the
for other sea Iife. water shallower, but in the case of ice circles, it forms
in the middle. They occur when a current turns slowly
Sailing stones in a circular motion and the spinning water freezes.
One of the strangest things I've come across is I had rather hoped to see one of the larger ones in
the sailing stones of Death Valley. It's a bit of my lifetime, but even a 20-metre diameter one is an
a surprise to see these single stones sitting in amazing sight.
 Unit 12 Landscapes

Language focus qualifiers

4 Find these examples of different qualifiers in the text
and say which option (a or b) could replace them.
b li 3.24 Listen again to the conversations. Pause
the CD after each question, and give the answer
yourself using the correct stress and intonation.
-
Sometimes both are possible, sometimes only one.
Idioms adjective collocations
1 pretty amazing 5 quite toxic
7 Complete the adjective collocations with these
a slightly b fairly a pretty b fairly words.
2 quite a modest scale 6 a bit of a surprise
a rather b pretty a rather b a little brand fast freezing lightning pitch
rock sopping stiff sick wide
3 fairly easily 7 quite used to
a quite b a little a fairly b slightly 1 I can't wear my coat - it's still
4 slight1y alarming 8 rather hoped .....................................................................................
wet after I cycled home in
a a little b rather a slightly b quite the rain.
2 Is that a new computer
5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate qualifier. you've got there?
1 It's unusual to see a full solar eclipse. 3 I fell asleep during the
2 If you visit Iceland, you've got a lecture. It was so embarrassing when I woke
good chance of seeing the Aurora Borealis. up.
3 I would like to see red tides, but I 4 This bread is hard. Can you
wouldn't go too near them get some more when you're out?
4 I've seen the sailing stones. I thought they were 5 The room was black. You
........................disappointing. couldn't see your hand in front of your face.
5 I live in a town now. I miss being able to see the 6 What a cold wind. I should
night sky . have brought my hat.
6 Death Valley is remo te for most 7 She's got quick reactions.
travellers to get to. She'd make a fantastic tennis player.
m
7 Ice circles sound amazing, don't 8 Where have you been? I've been worried
you think? .......................................................................................
aboutyou.
8 The writer of the blog had a cheek* 9 The race is open. Anyone
listing all the fantastic things he' s seen, when few could win.
of us will ever get the same opportunity. 10 I was scared that he was
*have a cheek = be impertinent or impudent
going to fire me, but actually he was really nice
about the mistake r d made.
6 Pronunciation quite, fair/y and pretty 8 Look at these other adjective collocations (1-6) and
answer the questions (a and b).
a 'i 3.24 Look at these conversations. Do you expect
sert. 1 squeaky clean
that the speaker is intensifying the answer (I) with
Stones
the qualifier or toning it down (D)? Listen and say 2 dirt cheap
e which meaning you hear.
y the 3 silky smooth
lat 1 'Would you like to go for a walk?' 4 bored stiff
been 'Yes,I'd quite like some fresh air.' 5 filthY rich
3. 2 'What did you think of the James Bond film?' 6 razor sharp
'It was quite good, but not the best I've seen.' a In which collocation does the intensifying word
come second?
3 'I guess we're not going out this evening then?'
1 rivers.
'No, I'm pretty tired.' ... b Which are pejorative, i.e. make a negative
at the
4 'Is it far to the university?' judgement about that quality?
he
: forms 'It's a fairly long way, I'm afraid.' ...
slowly 5 'I love your new hairstyle.'
.zes. 'Thanks. I'm quite pleased with it too.'
, in
6 'Did the tickets for the show cost a lot?'
is an
'Well, they were pretty expensive.'
12c A bigger picture
Listening David Hockney 4 Look at these expressions from the interview.
Are the expressions in bold positive, negative or
1 'i 3.25 Look at the picture. Tick (.f) the words neutral?
which could be used to describe the work. Listen
1 Landscape painting was done to death in the
to an interview with an art critic and check your
18th and 19th centuries ...
answers.
2 The exhibition raised a few eyebrows among
portrait landscape urban rural critics ....
spring summer scene event 3 The way that landscapes have been depicted in
the past is rather samey ....
2 'i 3.25 Read these statements about an art 4 He's had a kind of love-hate relationship with
exhibition called 'A Bigger Picture'. Then listen to the camera ....
the interview again. Are the statements true (T) or
S Some old masters had used a primitive form
false (F)?
of camera to copy reallife more accurately.
1 The exhibition was devoted to pictures of
landscapes. 6 It' s an affectionate view seen by a very
2 The critic felt in two minds about the observant eye .
exhibition.
3 The paintings show the landscape at different Word focus space and room
times of the year.
4 The artist used a camera to get photos he could 5 Complete these conversations using the word space
paint from. or roam.

S The artist is a traditionalist and wants nothing 1 'A few of us are driving into town Iater. Would
to do with new technology. you like a lift?'
6 The artist was painting a landscape that he was 'Yes, if you've got . in your car.'
very familiar with. 2 'No one wanted to mention the cost.'
3 • 3.25 Read this summary. Then listen again and 'I know. That' s the elephant in the ...
complete the summary using one word in each 3 'Do you like your new house in the country?
space. 'Well, it's not very big, but it doesn't matter
because we have so much . around
Some critics feel that landscape painting is a us.'
1 geme, but for Hockney it' s 4 'Why did she walk out of the meeting?'
simply the way of 2 the landscape
that people are bored with. So he has produced 'I think she just needed some The
paintings which show how the landscape atrnosphere was very tense.'
3 Hockney is proud of his S 'Are you pleased with your progress in
ability to 4 and he thinks that a English?'
5 cannot give a true picture of 'Well, there's always . for
what the eye sees. It 6 a scene at a improvement, but yes, Iam.'
particular moment. Even some of the old 6 'You're a bit late.'
7 , says Hockney, used primitive
'I know. I couldn't find a parking,
photography to rnake accurate copies of reallife. To
make his landscapes, Hockney spent hours in the l'" f -

open 8 drawing in sketchbooks. He

...............•.................................

is not against technology and sometimes uses an

9 to draw.
 Unit 12 Landscapes

12d Environmental vandalism?

Real life a debate 3 413.26 Listen again. Which phrases in Exercise I
do the different speakers use to interrupt and to
1 Speaking skill interrupting prevent interruptions?

a Look at these phrases for interrupting and

preventing interruptions. Complete the phrases
4 Pronunciation intonation in interruptions
using one word in each space. You don't need to
complete number 2. a 413.27 Look at these phrases for interrupting.
I Sorry, can I . interrupt you Listen and say which ones are said with a palite
there? and firm intonation. Which one is not?
1
2 Yes, but ... 1 I have to stop you there .
3 Can I just what I was 2 OK, you can make your point in a moment.
saying?
4 No, sorry. Ihave to stop you 3 Can I just finish what I was saying?

5 Can I just say something ... 4 Can I just say something in answer to that?
answer to that?
6 No, hang .... . a minute . 5 Just a moment, please ....
7 Just a... . , please.
ace
b 413.28 Listen again to the exception, this time
8 You can your point in a said with a palite intonation. Then practise saying
moment. all the sentences in Exercise 4a.
ld
b Which phrases in Exercise Ia are used to interrupt
(I) someone and which phrases are used to prevent 5 Listen and respond environmental
(P) interruptions? vandalism?

2 I,"~3.26 Listen to a debate between three friends 413.29 You are going to hear a debate about the
about the building of a new golf course in a coastal building of a new golf course on an area of natural
are a and answer the questions. beauty in your country. You believe it is a bad
idea. Listen to each statement. Respond with your
a What arguments are used in favour of the new own words. Then compare your response with the
nd
golf course? mo del answer that follows.
1 I was very pleased to
The hear about the new golf
b What arguments are used against the golf course. Weren't you?
course?
No, I wasn't actual/y I
don't see why they have to
build it in a National Park.
12e A useful tool
Writing a speculative letter Dear Ms Vanderberg
1 Read this speculative letter and answer the Iam taking this opportunity to write to you
questions. with an idea that will help you understand
1 What service or product is the writer trying to
your customers better and sígnífícantly
sell? increase business.
Clientprofller is an affordable piece of
2 Who are they trying to seUit to? computer software that provides vital
information on the background and
preferences of your customers. Large
2 What arguments does the writer use to persuade companies have access to vital custo mer
the reader? data from market research companies.
Bmaller retailers like you do notoThis means
you often lose out by beíng unable to adapt
3 Look at this list of features of persuasive to changíng customer needs.
language and underline the parts of the letter that Weknow how difficult it is for a small
correspond to each point. business to keep up with everything: dealing
1 make strong claims with suppliers, staffing issues, etc. You
would love to do more rnarketíng, but it is
2 use clear, short sentences
often the last thing on the list. It can also be
3 recognise what the other person wants expensive. Clientprofller will help you focus
4 empathise with the other person by describing your marketing efforts on the ríght people
experiences you have in common and the rígnt products. And at only $580 per
5 suggest possible options or solutions year, it pays for itself pretty quickly
How does Clientprofller work? Online
4 Writing skill persuasive language customers simply need to enter the
Look at these pairs of sentences and say which is
information before their purchase. For face-
more persuasive and why.
to-face customers, the till operator asks a few
simple questions and enters the information
1 a With our knowledge, we could help you directly onto a computer. In either case the
win new customers. process takes less than a minute.
b Our knowledge wiU win you new
customers.
If you call us in the next week quoting the
reference number at the top of this letter, we
will gíve you a first year discount of 20 per
2 a Whereas comparable software from other cento
suppliers costs in excess of $1000,our
product is available at only $500.
Welook forward to helpíng yOU.
b Most comparable software costs in excess of Yours sincerely
$1000.Our product is available at only $500. Nic.\:: farada1
Nick Faraday
3 a You rareIy have time to study important
market data. How could you with
everything else there is to? 5 Imagine that you are a company that makes shop
b It's unusual for people who run small signs using neon lights in bright colours. You can
companies to have the time to study write any message of any size. Write a speculative
important market data. letter to small shops and businesses offering
this service. Use the features and techniques of
4 a You want to get out and do more marketing. persuasive Ianguage in Exercise 3.
b There' s no such thing as toa much
marketing.
r~
• •
---,ll
unít 12 Landscapes _
··~~······

Wordbuilding suffix -ity Learning skills eliminating

1 Look at these nouns ending in -íty. What adjective errors
is each noun formed fram? Which two are
regular?
3 Youprobably now understand most of what
you hear and read and are easily understood by
1 celebrity... others. But you may feel there are some gaps in
2 simplicity... your knowledge and you are not always sure you
3 humidity are speaking accurately. Try to folIow these 'social
strategies' to overcome this.
4 eternity ...
5 clarity ... 1 Ask questions about the language, especialIy
idioms or culturalIy specific items, when you
6 dignity are in the company of native speakers.
7 familiarity 2 Check the precise meaning of words if you are
8 anonymity not sure you are using them correctly.
9 vanity 3 Ask people to correct you if you make a
10 monstrasity mistake.
4 Youmay have some ingrained errors - mistakes
2 Complete these sentences using nouns from that you have 'grawn up' with. Make an
Exercise 1. effort to eliminate these. Ask friends or native
1 We waited for what seemed like an speakers if they have noticed such mistakes.
.......................................................................
to hear whether our
application had been accepted. 4 Look at this list of the most common types of
advanced learner error. Do you recognise any of
2 I think that in embarrassing circumstances, them? Ask your teacher to give you a list of what
he conducted himself with great he/she thinks are your ingrained errors.

3 I don't know who designed it, but the new 1 mistakes with agreement (e.g. singular noun-
plural verb)
town hall is an absolute .
4 Although the book has received a lot of 2 mistakes with prepositions
positive attention, the author said she would 3 mistakes with the present perfect tense
rather preserve her ... 4 mistakes with tense choice in general
5 We hear a lot about these 5 incorrect formation of a particular idiom or
days, because magazines and newspapers are everyday expression
full of stories about famous people.
6 Can we try to get some ....... ... . ....on Check!
what really happened here? There seem to be
lots of differing accounts. 5 Answer the questions. Then use the first letter of
7 There's a wonderful about each answer to make an anagram of the name of
life in the country - no complicated transport a character from Unit 12.AlI the answers are in
systems to negotiate, no noisy neighbours to Student's Book Unit 12.
deal with. 1 Who said this: 'I've spent much of my
8 It was a difficult walk over several steep hills, life travelIing the world. I've seen a lot of
so Jane's . . with the area was wonderful places. But it was the American
very helpful. West that never left me.'
William .
2 What was the name of the primitive camera
used by Abelardo MorelI to praject landscapes
p
n onto a wall? Camera .
V'e 3 What adjective describes a letter or call when
we dont know the recipient but hope to get
business from them? .
4 What is the name of a Japanese 17-sylIable
poem? a .
5 What word describes a thing that spoils a
landscape or view? a .

Name: .