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    Infectious Diseases: Cowpox

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    Mohammed
    Cowpox virus is transmitted between cows through contact with infected milkers, teat cups, or introduction of infected animals. Humans can also become infected through contact with cow lesions, usually presenting as one or a few lesions on the hands or face. The disease progresses through several stages in cows - roseolar erythema, papules, vesiculation, pustulation, and scabbing. Lesions are usually found on teats and lower udder. Prevention relies on disinfecting equipment between cows. Sheeppox and goatpox viruses cause highly contagious diseases in sheep and goats, transmitted through aerosols, contact, or insect bites. After incubation, sheep may develop

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    Infectious Diseases: Cowpox

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    Mohammed
    31 views3 pages
    Cowpox virus is transmitted between cows through contact with infected milkers, teat cups, or introduction of infected animals. Humans can also become infected through contact with cow lesions, usually presenting as one or a few lesions on the hands or face. The disease progresses through several stages in cows - roseolar erythema, papules, vesiculation, pustulation, and scabbing. Lesions are usually found on teats and lower udder. Prevention relies on disinfecting equipment between cows. Sheeppox and goatpox viruses cause highly contagious diseases in sheep and goats, transmitted through aerosols, contact, or insect bites. After incubation, sheep may develop

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    COWPOX

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    COWPOX

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    Cowpox virus is transmitted between cows through contact with infected milkers, teat cups, or introduction of infected animals. Humans can also become infected through contact with cow lesions, usually presenting as one or a few lesions on the hands or face. The disease progresses through several stages in cows - roseolar erythema, papules, vesiculation, pustulation, and scabbing. Lesions are usually found on teats and lower udder. Prevention relies on disinfecting equipment between cows. Sheeppox and goatpox viruses cause highly contagious diseases in sheep and goats, transmitted through aerosols, contact, or insect bites. After incubation, sheep may develop

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    31 views3 pages

    Infectious Diseases: Cowpox

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed
    Cowpox virus is transmitted between cows through contact with infected milkers, teat cups, or introduction of infected animals. Humans can also become infected through contact with cow lesions, usually presenting as one or a few lesions on the hands or face. The disease progresses through several stages in cows - roseolar erythema, papules, vesiculation, pustulation, and scabbing. Lesions are usually found on teats and lower udder. Prevention relies on disinfecting equipment between cows. Sheeppox and goatpox viruses cause highly contagious diseases in sheep and goats, transmitted through aerosols, contact, or insect bites. After incubation, sheep may develop

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    Infectious diseases

    COWPOX
    ETIOLOGY
    Cowpox virus is a member of the genus Orthipoxvirus in the family
    Poxviridae.Other orthipoxviruses infecting agricultural animals include horsepox,
    buffalopox and camelpox.
    Transmission
    from cow to cow within a herd is effected by milkers' hands or teat
    cups. Spread from herd to herd is probably effected by the introduction of
    infected animals, by carriage on milkers' hands, and in the absence of either of the
    above methods, transport by biting insects is possible. In a herd in which the disease
    is enzootic, only heifers and new introductions
    .develop lesions
    Zoonotic implications
    Human cowpox is not common and usually consists of one or a few lesions on
    the hand and face .Milkers recently vaccinated against smallpox may serve as
    a source of infection for cattle,although the vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine virus,
    is a different viruscowpox are likely to occur when the
    environment is conducive to teat injuries.
    PATHOGENESIS
    In cowpox,the five stages of a typical pox eruption can be observed. After an
    incubation period of 3-6 days, a roseolar erythema is followed by firm, raised
    papules light in color but with a zone of hyperemia around the base. Vesiculation, a
    yellow blister with a pitted center, follows.The subsequent pustular stage is followed
    by the development of a thick, red, tenacious scab.
    CLINICAL FINDINGS
    Typical lesions may be seen at any stage of development, but are mostly observed
    during the scab stage, the vesicle commonly having been ruptured during
    milking.
    Distribution of the lesions is usually confined to the teats and lower part of
    the udder. Secondary mastitis occurs in a few cases. Individual lesions heal within 2
    weeks,In severe cases, lesions may spread to the insides of the thighs,and rarely to the
    perineum.
    CONTROL
    Prevention of spread is difficult, since the virus responsible for the disease is readily
    transmitted by direct or indirect contact.
    Udder cloths, milking machines and hands should be disinfected after contact
    with infected animals.
    Dipping of the teats in an alcoholic tincture of a suitable disinfectant, such as
    quaternary ammonium compounds, is usually satisfactory in preventing immediate
    spread. The prevalence and significance of the disease
    in cattle is too low to warrant the development of vaccines.

    SHEEPPOX AND GOATPOX

    1
    ETIOLOGY
    Sheep pox and goat pox result from infection by sheeppox virus (SPPV) or
    goatpox virus (GTPV), closely related members of the genus Capripoxvirus in the
    family Poxviridae. SPPV is mainly thought to affect sheep and GTPV primarily to
    affect goats, but some isolates can cause mild to serious disease in both species.
    Methods of transmission
    Sheeppox and goatpox are highly contagious. The virus enters via the respiratory tract
    and transmission commonly is by aerosol infection associated with close contact with
    infected animals. The virus is present in nasal and oral secretions for several weeks
    after infection and can live in scabs that have fallen off the animal for several months.
    Spread can also occur from contact with contaminated materials and through skin
    abrasions produced iatrogenically or by insects.
    Capripox has been shown to spread via the bites of Stomoxys calcitrans and the tsetse
    fly.
    PATHOGENESIS
    During an initial viremia, the virus is deposited in most tissues, including the
    skin. The development of typical pox lesions, as in vaccinia, is characteristic of the
    disease. The virus is present in greatest quantities between the 7th and 14th day after
    inoculation. Passive protection by serum will protect against challenge.
    Circulating antibody limits spread of infection, but does not prevent replication of
    virus at the site of inoculation.
    CLINICAL FINDINGS
    In sheeppox in sheep there is an incubation period of 12-14 days.
    the malignant form
    is the most common type In lambs,There is marked depression and prostration, a very
    high fever and discharges from the eyes and nose. Affected lambs may die during this
    stage before typical pox lesions develop. These, when they develop, occur on
    unwooled skin and on the buccal, respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tract mucosae.
    They commence as papules, then become nodular, occasionally become vesicular,
    pustular and finally scab.The mortality rate in this form of the disease may reach 50%.
    the benign form
    more common in adults, only skin lesions occur, particularly under the tail, and there
    is no systemic reaction and animals recover in 3-4 weeks. Abortion and secondary
    pneumonia are complications.
    Goatpox in sheep is more severe than sheeppox, and lesions occur on the lips and
    oral mucosa, the teats and udder.
    Goatpox in goats is very similar clinically to sheeppox in sheep.Young kids suffer
    a systemic disease, with lesions spread generally over the skin, and on the respiratory
    and alimentary mucosae.
    Adult goats may have systemic disease and extensive lesions but in adult
    goats the disease is usually mild and lesions are as described above for the
    benign form in sheep.

    TREATMENT
    No specific treatment is advised, but palliative treatment may be necessary in
    severely affected animals.
    CONTROL
    Control in free countries or regions necessitates prohibition of importation
    from infected areas, and if the infection is introduced, ring vaccination, and the
    quarantine of infected premises should be instituted .

    2
    Vaccination
    Natural infection with one capripox strain imparts immunity to all capripox infections
    and vaccination with a single capripox vaccine will give protection across all species
    and against all capripox infections.
    Killed virus vaccines elicit,at best, temporary protection but available
    live attenuated vaccines appear to give excellent protection for periods greater than 1
    year.Colostral antibody interferes with response to vaccination before 6 months of
    age.

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