SCHOOL OF BASI , SCJF: , .( TS \ \'I) IH:SF..\IH 11 . "-11 ,\RDi\ l ' \'I\ Fl{...

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PH YSICS LAHORATORY .\J .\ .\ 'l".\L

Experiment title: To determine th e acceleration due to gravity ·g· using a simpl e pendulum.

Objective: To detennine the acceleration due to gravity ' g' using a simple pendulum.

Apparatus: SLrin g, pendulum bob, stop watch, meter sca le.

Form ula used:

,, hen.:, T = time period of the simpk pl'.ndul11111

L = length of string

g = acce lerati on due to gravity

Theory:
CI

.\ ~i111pk _l)L'.JIJulum Lvll ::. i::.b ur .I :,111.,i i [Ju l.I :, u:,p u1 ,i1.: J ii) .• '' -= '" , 11I .1:,:, 1,::-.:, J , 11 ill ;:'. di iut!;;li l I_
fixed at its upper end . When pulled back and rel ea sed. the mass <;w in gs throu gh ih L'quilihrium
(venter) po.i nt to a point L'.4ual in liL'.i glH Lu LhL'. n.:k.i:,-: pvi11t , dII..i ll.1.:h. tu Ll1-: '"m g i11<1 I 11.: ki.b..: µui11L
L> \. er the same path. T he force th at k-:cp5 thL'. pendulum hnb L·ons1anll) 1111 J, ·Ing tm,-ard it s
~ uil ibrium position is the force o f gravity actin g on th e bob.

Th1: period T, of an object in simple harmonic motion is ddiJH:d JS the timL' t'n r onL' com pl cti:
L)L·k . For :, mu ll ang le:-, (0 .,.., 5°). it c1 11 bl' :-.ltt> \\11 tlt :1l tltL· p, 1iuJ t d · :1 -; irn p k :1 ,· 11d 11 !u1 11 i" ~i \ l· 11

b):

(1
2
= 4,r -
L
t-, T2

where g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 mis: in above formula. T is th e timL'. pL·ri uJ aiHJ L
is the leng1h o f th e pend ulum . If the kn ~th I. o f th e pendulu m i, incrc:-i~cd ,n t!i l· 1i I1 pl-riuJ T 1,·

will increase. However, it i s not a linear relationst)ip. The period increases as the square root of
the length . T hus, if the length of a pendulum is increased hy a factor of 4. th e period is onl y
dou bled. Thi s is a logarithmic rel ation ship.

1
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•
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'

ltOB )
Ii
'
l
I
I..
j
, ,..,_
,. ..,_
~. \

"' ....,. ·__,_ ) _ ... -

0 (:•

(n) ( bJ
S h n p! ,.• Pn1d u)11m '

(n) B,ob ot re s t h.1 1ue.11n po sition 0.

(L>) Bob ltt f Will(l,lra e motloq b~twee11 extreme po sition s A aud B.

E xpcri11w11lal setup for simple pc11dulum

I , M e11s11ru lhu longt.h ol' the pe11dulume from one sLring e11d tu th e middle ul' tile r~ndulum.
Hocord lhe lcnglh of lhc pendulum in the table given below.
I
, Sel lhe pe11dL1lun1 in n1olio1111n1ill it compld es 10 Lo and l'rn oscillations .

, l{epu111 ii li1r 3 linicK und tnk ~ 1he n1 e11n .

, Cuk11l11(e th u,poriml fol' om: nseilltilinn by dividin g lh c number of record er tim e hy .1 0.
!

• l<l1pe11t Ilic 111 cusiiruniL:lll liH' 11ln.:c d i'llL: n:111 lengllis usin g snnlL' rrncedure as given abo ve.

/
O bservation table:

Least count of meter scale ·

. ···········
-- L .: 11,;Ll- ;u l ll~i~..iJ lP~ JJl 1
l 1 . 11 1..· 1·u1 -~U l.,
1 orsuspension to cent er n,c ill ;ition r eriocf T
. -1\.. Ul i

T
o f the pc: ndu l urn) L Iu n l l ( :-.L'C/
- - ---+-_(,__S_L' C)
=t13tU l , LT J
_·_ __ __

~
I

Calcula tions:

Pk11 th e graph between 7' 2 vs L. It shoul d be a s1rai gh1 li ne. I i1 1d oul th e slopt: u f' lhL" lin e. U sing
lt.innulu g iven be lo w ca lcul ate g.

Result: Th e e:x perim ent ::i ll y ca lrn l:1t c:d ,·:tl11 c n f" g i,

ta nd ard va lue of g is .. .. . .. .

Standard Hesult~Experimental Result

1
010 error = Standard Result x 100

3
Precautions:

1. Di stance should to be measured, froni the point of suspention to the center ot' the bob.
'
2. Time should be noted with the help of stop 'watch .
1

3. Amplit,ude of os~illation must be s~~II.,

Viva voice:
I

1. What ,is a simple·pendulum?

2. What is a second~ pendulum?
3. What is the nature of osc.illations of simple pendulum?
4. What' is the length of the simple pendulum?
5. Can .we ·conduct simple pendulum experiment at the centre of earth?
6. What is the shape of the l- T2 gn;tph of a simple pendulum?
7. Does a simple penduhrm stop finally?, Why?

Outcome of the experiment:

In this experiment students would°able to learn about simple harmonic motion and it's condition.
Also this experiment helps students to understant the consept of gravitational force .