Assyria
Assyria
Assyria
Capital: Assur
Founded: 2500 BC
Government: Monarchy
Date dissolved: 609 BC
Historical era: Bronze Age
Assyria, kingdom of northern Mesopotamia that became the centre
of one of the great empires of the ancient Middle East. It was located
in what is now northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey.
Ang mga Assyrians
Pangkat ng mga tao na nagmula sa tuyong lupain ng Arabia at
matatag ng panahan sa mga lupain na nasa pamamagitan ng
Assur at Nineveh sa bahagi ng Tigris
Kilala ang mga Assyrians bilang pinakamalupit, pinakamabagsik,
at pinakamapanghamok sa lahat ng sinaunang pangkat ng tao.
Saan matagpuan ang Assyria
Ang Assyria ay matagpuan sa bulubunduking rehiyong
nasa hilaga ng Babylonia
Ang rehiyong ito ay nagmula sa Tigris at umaabot
hanggang sa mataas na kabundukan ng Armenia.
Bunga ng kanilang nakapaloob na paninirahang lupain,
kinailangang makidigma ang mga Assyrian sa mga
kalapit na lungsod-estado upang mapanatiling bukas ang
kanilang daanang pangkalakalan.
Kabilang sa kanila ang pangunahing mga lungsod ng
Assur at Nineveh.
Mandirigmang Assyrians
Ang ilan na nagging tanyag na pinuno ng impyerong Assyria
Assurbanipal- 668-628 BC
Tiglath-Pileser- 1114-1076 BC
Assurbanipal
Born:685 BC
Reign: 668-627 BC
Died: 628 BC, Nineveh Iraq
Parents: Esarhaddon and Aššur-hammat
Children: Sinsharishkun, Ashur-etil-ilani, Shamash-shum-ukin,
Ashur-uballit II
Spouse: Libbāli-šarrat
He is famed for amassing a significant collection
of cuneiform documents for his royal palace at Nineveh. This
collection, known as the Library of Ashurbanipal, is now in
the British Museum, which also holds the famous Lion Hunt of
Ashurbanipal set of Assyrian palace reliefs.
Tiglath-Pileser I
Born: (unknown)
Died:. 1076 BC
Reign: 1114-1076 BC
Parents: Ashur-resh-ishi I
Children:Ashur-bel-kala, Asharid-apal-Ekur, Shamshi-Adad
IV.
A king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period (1114–
1076 BC). According to Georges Roux, Tiglath-Pileser was "one of the
two or three great Assyrian monarchs since the days of Shamshi-
Adad I". He was known for his "wide-ranging military campaigns, his
enthusiasm for building projects, and his interest in cuneiform tablet
collections".
Sila ay ang may pinakamalaking impyerong naitatag sa
sinaunang panahon
Ashurbanipal II- 884-859 BCE
Tiglath-Pileser III- 745-727 BCE
Nasakop ang Damascus (732 bce)
Sargon II- 722-705 BCE
Shalmaneser V- 722-705 BCE
Ashurbanipal II
Died: 859 BC
Reign: 884–859 BC
Parents: Tukulti-Ninurta II
Successor: Shalmaneser III
Children: Shalmaneser III
Grandchildren: Shamshi-Adad V, Assur-danin-pal
Ashurnasirpal II succeeded his father, Tukulti-Ninurta II, in 883
BC. During his reign he embarked on a vast program of
expansion, first conquering the peoples to the north in Asia
Minor as far as Nairi and exacting tribute from Phrygia, then
invading Aram (modern Syria) conquering
the Aramaeans and Neo-Hittites between the Khabur and
the Euphrates Rivers.
Tiglath-Pileser III
Died: 859 BC
Reign: 884–859 BC
Parents: Tukulti-Ninurta II
Successor: Shalmaneser III
Children: Shalmaneser III
Grandchildren: Shamshi-Adad V, Assur-danin-pal
Ashurnasirpal II succeeded his father, Tukulti-Ninurta II, in 883
BC. During his reign he embarked on a vast program of
expansion, first conquering the peoples to the north in Asia
Minor as far as Nairi and exacting tribute from Phrygia, then
invading Aram (modern Syria) conquering
the Aramaeans and Neo-Hittites between the Khabur and
the Euphrates Rivers.
Nasakop ang Damascus 732 BC
Sargon II
Born: 765 BC, Nimrud, Iraq
Died: 705 BC, Tabal
Reign: 722 – 705 BC
Parents: Tiglath-Pileser III
House: Sargonid dynasty
Children: Sennacherib
Sargon II 722–705 BC was an Assyrian king. A son of Tiglath-
Pileser III, he came to power relatively late in life, possibly by
usurping the throne from his older brother, Shalmaneser V.
Sargon II suppressed rebellions, conquered the Kingdom of
Israel, and, in 710 BC, conquered the Kingdom of Babylon, thus
reuniting Assyria with its southern rival, Babylonia, from which
it had been separate since the death of Hammurabi in 1750 BC
Shalmaneser V
Born: 765 BC, Nimrud, Iraq
Died: 705 BC, Tabal
Reign: 722 – 705 BC
Parents: Tiglath-Pileser III
House: Sargonid dynasty
Children: Sennacherib
Sargon II 722–705 BC was an Assyrian king. A son of Tiglath-
Pileser III, he came to power relatively late in life, possibly by
usurping the throne from his older brother, Shalmaneser V.
Sargon II suppressed rebellions, conquered the Kingdom of
Israel, and, in 710 BC, conquered the Kingdom of Babylon, thus
reuniting Assyria with its southern rival, Babylonia, from which
it had been separate since the death of Hammurabi in 1750 BC
Mga kontribusyon ng iba’t ibang hari
Ang kauna-unahang nag tayo ng aklatan na may200.000
tabletang luwad. Si Ashurbanipal II ay naging hari noong 884-
859 BCE na nag palawak ng teritoryong assyrian at sya ay
magaling at mahusay sa pakikipaglaban, Si Tiglath-Pileser III ay
naging hari noong 745-727 BCE na nag palawak sa kaharian
hanggang sa Damascus noong 723 BCE, Si Sargon II na namuno
noong722 hanggang705 BCE, at Si Shalmaneser V nabura nya
ang kasaysayan ng pinakahuling bakas ng mga Hittite Sa
pamamagitan ng matatagna sistema ng pamumuno sa
imperyo,epektibong pangungulikta ng buwis, maayos at
magandang kalsada, epektibong serbisyong postal. Sila ay
bumagsak dahil sa kapalaluan at kalupitan ng assyrian, nag ka
isa ang mga Chaldean at Persian noong 612 BCE upang
pagtulungang magapi ang mga Assyrian.Sila ay mahalaga dahil
sila ang nanguna sa edukasyon.
Assyrian Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the
ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE. It is
considered the most significant among the many cultural
contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those
of the Sumerian city of Uruk which advanced the writing of
cuneiform c. 3200 BCE.
All of the great Mesopotamian civilizations used cuneiform until
Hittites
Assyrians
Hurrians
Aramaic
The official language of the three main Assyrian churches is
Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language Jesus would have
spoken. Many Assyrians speak Aramaic dialects, though they
often speak the local languages of the regions where they live
as well.
Linguistically, the original Assyrian people (2500 years ago)
spoke the ancient Assyrian language, which was in the eastern
branch of the Semitic family. ... Arabic and Aramaic have a lot
more in common, being Central-West Semitic languages.
Relihiyon ng Assyria
Ashur
d
Ashur (also, Assur, Aššur; cuneiform: Aš-šur) is an East Semitic
god, and the head of the Assyrian pantheon in Mesopotamian
religion, worshipped mainly in the northern half of
Mesopotamia, and parts of north-east Syria and south-east
Asia Minor which constituted old Assyria. He may have had a
solar iconography.
Hiniram nila ang relihiyon ng mga Sumerian at idinagdag si
Ashur bilang pangunahing diyos
Lipunan at kultura
Matatag ang kauna-unahang organisasyon
Ang mga nagawa ng pinuno ay nakaukit sa mga pader at
palasyo
Nasa ilalim ng kapangyarihan ng hari ang mga mababang
opisyal maging ang mga pari
Ang hari ang tanging kinatawan ni Ashur sa lupa at
tagapagtupad ng kanyang utos.
Ekonomiya
Nagkaroon sila ng mga posisyon na nagpapanatili ng maayos sa
lipunan, tulad ng mga manggagawa sa mga pamimilhin at tavern, na
aaprubahan ng mga mangangalakal o may-ari ng tavern; magsasaka;
mga manggagawa sa konstruksyon, na nagtayo ng mga bahay at
kanal, bukod sa iba pang mga bagay; at mga artista, na gumawa ng
katad at alahas na nagtatrabaho
Sanhi ng pag-unlad
Matatag na sistema ng pamumuno
Epektibong pangungulekta ng buwis
Epektibong serbisyo postal
Matatag na hukbong sandatahan
Mayaman sila sa kanilang pananamit
Assur
Aššur, also known as Ashur and Qal'at Sherqat, was the capital
of the Old Assyrian Empire, the Middle Assyrian Empire, and for
a time, of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Location: Saladin Governorate, Iraq
Founded: Approximately 2500 BC
Region: Mesopotamia
Endangered: 2003–present
Designated as world heritage site : 2003 (27th session)
Nineveh
• Ito ay ang pinunong lungsod ng imperyong Assyria.
• Ang Ninive o Nineve, ay isang dakilang lungsod ayon sa Aklat
ng Henesis ng lumang tipan ng bibliya, na nakalatag sa
silanganing pampang ng ilog Tigris sa sinaunang Assyria
• Area: 7.5 km²
• Location: Mosul, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq
• Region: Mesopotamia
• Abandoned: 612 BC
• Ang kabisera nito na may 15 tarangkahan
• Pinakamatibay at pinakamatatag na lungsod sa sinaunang
daigdig
Artifacts
Artifacts produced during the Assyrian Empire range from
hand-held to monumental and consist of a variety of media ,
from clay to bronze to a diversity of stone. While reliefs
comprise the majority of what archaeologists have found,
existing sculptures in the round shed light
on Assyrian numerical systems and politics
The Lion Hunt” is a low relief sculpture showing the Royal Lion
Hunt of King Ashurbanipal with his royal entourage, together
with horses, dogs on leashes, and chariots. The sculpture shows
captured lions and lionesses being released from cages to do
battle with the King. The Lion Hunt is one of the most
captivating works of art from antiquity.
Kabihasnan ng Assyria
Mga Assyrian ang kaunaunahang pangkat na nakabuo
ngepektibong sistema ng pamumunosa imperyo. Kinopya ng
ibang pangkat sa Malapit na Silangan ang pamamalakad ng
Imperyong Assyrian. Kauna-unahang aklatan na may 200,000
tabletang luwad na itinayo ni Ashurbanipal. Ang patuloy na
pag-aalsa ng mga lungsod tulad ng Media at Babylonia na
nasakop ng Assyria ay nakapagbawas nang malaki sa yaman ng
Assyria at nagpahina sa hukbo nito. Nagkaisa ang mga
Chaldeans, Medes, at Persiano noong 612 B.C. upang
pagtulungang salakayin ang Assyria
Ang pagbagsak ng mga Hittite
Pakikipag-alyansa mg mga Hittite sa Egypt na nagging dahilan ng
paghihimagsikng mga kaalyado nito sa silangan at kanlurang bahagi
ng imperyo.Salik din nito ang paglawak ng kapangyarihan ng mga
Griyego na nagbunsod sa pagdating ng mga tribo mula sa palibot
ng Dagat Aegean sa hilagang bahagi ng imperyong Hittite.Isa sa mga
tribung ito,ang Mitas ng Phyrygia;ay lumusob at sinunog ang
Hattusas nong 1200 B.C.E. Nanatiling nakatayo ang ilang lunsod-
estado ng mga Hittite nang 500 taon.Naitatag ang Carchemist bilang
kabisera sa silangan; ngunit nasakop ito noong 717 B.C.E. ng
Assyria . Ito at naging dahilan ng pagwawakas ng pamahalaang Hittite
sa Mesopotamia.
Pagbagsak ng mga Assyrians