Q.

1 Design a program for creating a machine that accept three consecutive

Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

vector<char> v;

void q(string s, long curr_lenght,long l, long r)

if(!s[curr_lenght] )

if(curr_lenght>=l &&curr_lenght<=r){cout<<"Input string is valid";}

else{cout<<"Input string is invalid";}

else if(find(v.begin(),v.end(),s[curr_lenght])==v.end())

cout<<"Input string is invalid";

else

q(s,curr_lenght+1,l,r);

}
int main()

string s;

cout<<"Number of symbols in alphabets\n";

long long n;

cin>>n;

cout<<"input the symbols\n";

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

char j;

cin>>j;

v.push_back(j);

cout<<"lower bound and upper bound of valid a string\n";

long long l,r;

cin>>l>>r;

cout<<"input string : ";

cin>>s;

q(s,0,l,r);

Output:
Q.2 Design a program for creating machine that accept the string always
ending with 101.
Program:

#include <iostream>

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void state0(string,int,int);

void state1(string,int,int);

void state2(string,int,int);

void statef(string,int,int);

void statef(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Accepted";

if(str[i]=='0')

state2(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

state1(str,n,i+1);

void state2(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Rejected";

if(str[i]=='0')
 state0(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

statef(str,n,i+1);

void state1(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Rejected";

if(str[i]=='0')

state2(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

state1(str,n,i+1);

void state0(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Rejected";

if(str[i]=='0')

state0(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

state1(str,n,i+1);

}
int main() {

string s;

cout<<"Input the string to be checked : ";

cin>>s;

int l=s.size();

state0(s,l,0);

return 0;

Output:
Q.3 Design a program for mod 3 machine.
Program:

#include <iostream>

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void state0(string,int,int);

void state1(string,int,int);

void state2(string,int,int);

void state2(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Rejected";

if(str[i]=='0')

state1(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

state2(str,n,i+1);

void state1(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Rejected";

if(str[i]=='0')

state2(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

state0(str,n,i+1);

}
void state0(string str,int n,int i){

if(i==n)

cout<<"Accepted";

if(str[i]=='0')

state0(str,n,i+1);

if(str[i]=='1')

state1(str,n,i+1);

int main() {

string s;

cout<<"Input the binary number to be checked : ";

cin>>s;

int l=s.size();

state0(s,l,0);

return 0;

Output:
Q.4 Design a program for accepting decimal number divisible by 2.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void q0(string,int);

void q1(string s, int i)

int j,k,l,m,n;

if(i==s.size())

cout<<"Valid";

exit(0);

if(s[i]=='1' || s[i]=='3' ||s[i]=='5' ||s[i]=='7' ||s[i]=='9')

q0(s,i+1);

if(s[i]=='0' || s[i]=='2' ||s[i]=='4' ||s[i]=='6' ||s[i]=='8')

q1(s,i+1);

void q0(string s, int i)

int j,k,l,m,n;
 if(i==s.size())

cout<<"Invalid";

exit(0);

if(s[i]=='0' || s[i]=='2' ||s[i]=='4' ||s[i]=='6' ||s[i]=='8')

q1(s,i+1);

if(s[i]=='1' || s[i]=='3' ||s[i]=='5' ||s[i]=='7' ||s[i]=='9')

q0(s,i+1);

int main()

int i,j,k,l,m,n;

string s;

cin>>s;

q0(s,0);

}
Output:
Q.5 Design a machine for machine that accept string equal number of 0’s
and 1’s.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

stack<int>st;

int flag=0;

string s="";

int i=0;

void q0();

void q1();

void q1()

cout<<"valid";

exit(1);

void q0()

if(st.empty())

if(i==s.size())

q1();

}
 else

st.push(s[i]);

i++;

else if(s[i]==st.top())

st.push(s[i]);

i++;

q0();

else if(s[i]!=st.top())

st.pop();

i++;

q0();

int main()

long j,k,l,m,n;
 cout<<"Input the string: ";

cin>>s;

cout<<"Input string is ";

q0();

cout<<"invalid";

return 0;

Output:
Q.6 design a machine to count number of 1’s and 0’s in input string.
Program:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

int count0=0,count1=0;

string str;

cout<<"Enter Your string:";

cin>>str;

for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)

if(str[i]=='1')

count1++;

if(str[i]=='0')

count0++;

cout<<"\nNumber of 1's="<<count1;

cout<<"\nNumber of 0's="<<count0;

}
Output:
Q.7 Design a program to find 2’s complement of a given binary number.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

void q0(string s,longi)

if(i==s.size()){return;}

cout<<1-s[i]+'0';

q0(s,i+1);

int main()

long i,j,k,l,m,n;

string s;

cout<<"Input the binary number: ";

cin>>s;

l=s.size();

cout<<"complement of input binary number is: ";

q0(s,0);

return 0;

}
Output:
Q.8 Design a program which will increment the given number by 1.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

stack<int>st;

int flag=0;

string ans;

void q0()

if(flag)

if(st.empty())

return;

else

ans.push_back(st.top());

st.pop();

q0();

else

{
 if(st.empty())

ans.push_back('1');

q0();

else

if(st.top()=='0'){flag=1;}

ans.push_back(1-(st.top()-'0')+'0');

st.pop();

q0();

int main()

long i,j,k,l,m,n;

string s;

cout<<"Input the binary number: ";

cin>>s;

l=s.size();

i=0;

while(i!=s.size())
 {

st.push(s[i]);

i++;

q0();

reverse(ans.begin(),ans.end());

cout<<"incremented value of input binary number is: "<<ans;

return 0;

Output:
Q.10 Design a program to create PDA machine that accept the well-formed
parenthesis.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

stack<int>st;

int flag=0;

string s="";

int i=0;

void q0();

void q1();

void q1()

cout<<"Valid";

exit(1);

void q0()

if(i==s.size() &&st.empty())

q1();

else if(st.empty() && s[i]=='(')

{
st.push('(');

i++;

q0();

else if(st.top()=='(' && s[i]=='(')

st.push('(');

i++;

q0();

else if(st.top()=='(' && s[i]==')')

st.pop();

i++;

q0();

int main()

long j,k,l,m,n;

cout<<"Input the parenthesis string: ";

cin>>s;
 cout<<"Input string is ";

q0();

cout<<"Invalid";

return 0;

Output:
Q.11 Design a PDA to accept WCWR where W is a string and WR is reverse
of it and C is a special character.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

stack<int>st;

int flag=0;

string s="";

int i=0;

void q0();

void q1();

void q1()

if(st.empty() &&i==s.size())

return;

else if(s[i]==st.top())

st.pop();

i++;

q1();

else
 {

cout<<"Invalid";

exit(1);

void q0()

if(s[i]=='c')

i++;

q1();

else

st.push(s[i]);

i++;

q0();

int main()

long j,k,l,m,n;

cout<<"Input the string: ";

cin>>s;
 cout<<"Input string is ";

q0();

cout<<"Valid";

return 0;

Output:
Q.12 Design a Turing Machine that accept the following language anbncn
where n>0.
Program:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

stack<int>st;

int flag=0;

string s="";

vector<char> v;

int i=1;

void q0();

void q1();

void q2();

void q3();

void q4();

void q5();

void q5()

cout<<"Valid";

exit(1);

void q4()

if(v[i]=='Y' || v[i]=='Z')
 {

i++;

q4();

else if(v[i]=='B')

q5();

void q3()

if(v[i]=='a' || v[i]=='Y' || v[i]=='b' || v[i]=='Z')

i--;

q3();

else if(v[i]=='X')

i++;

q0();

void q2()
{

if(v[i]=='b' || v[i]=='Z')

i++;

q2();

else if(v[i]=='c')

v[i]='Z';

i--;

q3();

void q1()

if(v[i]=='a')

i++;

q1();

else if(v[i]=='Y')

i++;

q1();
}

else if(v[i]='b')

v[i]='Y';

i++;

q2();

void q0()

if(v[i]=='a')

v[i]='X';

i++;

q1();

else if(v[i]=='Y')

i++;

q4();

int main()
{

long j,k,l,m,n;

cout<<"Input the string: ";

cin>>s;

s="B"+s+"B";

for(i=0;i<s.size();i++)

v.push_back(s[i]);

i=1;

cout<<"Input string is ";

q0();

cout<<"Invalid";

return 0;

Output:
Q.9 Design a program to convert NFA to DFA.
Program:
//NFA to DFA conversion

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#define STATES 50

structDstate

char name;

char StateString[STATES+1];

char trans[10];

intis_final;

}Dstates[50];

structtran

char sym;

inttostates[50];

intnotran;

};

struct state

int no;

structtrantranlist[50];

};

intstackA[100],stackB[100],C[100],Cptr=-1,Aptr=-1,Bptr=-1;

struct state States[STATES];

char temp[STATES+1],inp[10];
intnos,noi,nof,j,k,nods=-1;

void pushA(int z)

{stackA[++Aptr]=z;}

void pushB(int z)

{stackB[++Bptr]=z;}

intpopA()

{return stackA[Aptr--];}

void copy(inti)

char temp[STATES+1]=" ";

int k=0;

Bptr=-1;

strcpy(temp,Dstates[i].StateString);

while(temp[k]!='\0')

pushB(temp[k]-'0');

k++;

intpopB()

{return stackB[Bptr--];}

intpeekB()

{return stackA[Bptr];}

intpeekA()

{return stackA[Aptr];}

int seek(intarr[],intptr,int s)

{
 inti;

for(i=0;i<=ptr;i++)

if(s==arr[i])

return 1;

return 0;

void sort()

inti,j,temp;

for(i=0;i<Bptr;i++)

for(j=0;j<(Bptr-i);j++)

if(stackB[j]>stackB[j+1])

temp=stackB[j];

stackB[j]=stackB[j+1];

stackB[j+1]=temp;

void tostring()

inti=0;
 sort();

for(i=0;i<=Bptr;i++)

temp[i]=stackB[i]+'0';

temp[i]='\0';

void display_DTran()

inti,j;

printf("\n\t\t DFA Transition Table ");

printf("\n\t\t -------------------- ");

printf("\nStates\tString\tInputs\n ");

for(i=0;i<noi;i++)

printf("\t%c",inp[i]);

printf("\n \t----------");

for(i=0;i<nods;i++)

if(Dstates[i].is_final==0)

printf("\n%c",Dstates[i].name);

else

printf("\n*%c",Dstates[i].name);

printf("\t%s",Dstates[i].StateString);
 for(j=0;j<noi;j++)

printf("\t%c",Dstates[i].trans[j]);

printf("\n");

void move(intst,int j)

intctr=0;

while(ctr<States[st].tranlist[j].notran)

pushA(States[st].tranlist[j].tostates[ctr++]);

void lambda_closure(intst)

intctr=0,in_state=st,curst=st,chk;

while(Aptr!=-1)

curst=popA();

ctr=0;

in_state=curst;

while(ctr<=States[curst].tranlist[noi].notran)

chk=seek(stackB,Bptr,in_state);

if(chk==0)
 pushB(in_state);

in_state=States[curst].tranlist[noi].tostates[ctr++];

chk=seek(stackA,Aptr,in_state);

if(chk==0 &&ctr<=States[curst].tranlist[noi].notran)

pushA(in_state);

main()

int final[20],start,fin=0,i;

char c,ans,st[20];

printf("\nEnter no. of states in NFA : ");

scanf("%d",&nos);

for(i=0;i<nos;i++)

{States[i].no=i;}

printf("\nEnter the start state : ");

scanf("%d",&start);

printf("Enter the no. of final states : ");

scanf("%d",&nof);

printf("\nEnter the final states : \n");

for(i=0;i<nof;i++)

scanf("%d",&final[i]);

printf("\nEnter the no. of input symbols : ");

c=getchar();

printf("\nEnter the input symbols : \n ");

for(i=0;i<noi;i++)

scanf("%c",&inp[i]);

c=getchar();

inp[i]='e';

printf("\nEnter the transitions : (-1 to stop)\n");

for(i=0;i<nos;i++)

for(j=0;j<=noi;j++)

States[i].tranlist[j].sym=inp[j];

k=0;

ans='y';

while(ans=='y')

printf("move(%d,%c) : ",i,inp[j]);

scanf("%d",&States[i].tranlist[j].tostates[k++]);

if(States[i].tranlist[j].tostates[k-1]==-1)

{
 k--;ans='n';

break;

States[i].tranlist[j].notran=k;

//Conversion

i=0;nods=0;fin=0;

pushA(start);

lambda_closure(peekA());

tostring();

Dstates[nods].name='A';

nods++;

strcpy(Dstates[0].StateString,temp);

while(i<nods)

for(j=0;j<noi;j++)

fin=0;

copy(i);

while(Bptr!=-1)

move(popB(),j);

}
 while(Aptr!=-1)

lambda_closure(peekA());

tostring();

for(k=0;k<nods;k++)

if((strcmp(temp,Dstates[k].StateString)==0))

Dstates[i].trans[j]=Dstates[k].name;

break;

if(k==nods)

nods++;

for(k=0;k<nof;k++)

fin=seek(stackB,Bptr,final[k]);

if(fin==1)

Dstates[nods-1].is_final=1;

break;

}
}

strcpy(Dstates[nods-1].StateString,temp);

Dstates[nods-1].name='A'+nods-1;

Dstates[i].trans[j]=Dstates[nods-1].name;
 }

i++;

display_DTran();

Output: