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    DEE-23106 Fundamentals of Electrical and Power Engineering: Exercise #1

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    shoptodip
    1) The document provides exercises on basic circuit elements, calculations, and power analysis. It includes deriving expressions for current in an inductor over time based on the given voltage, and sketching the resulting current waveform. 2) For a given RLC circuit, it calculates the Thevenin equivalent circuit by performing source transformations to simplify the circuit into a single voltage source with internal impedance. 3) For a voltage source feeding a load through an impedance, it determines the current, real and reactive power, apparent power, and power factor at the source and load. Power triangles are drawn to represent the calculations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DEE-23106 Fundamentals of Electrical and Power Engineering: Exercise #1

    Uploaded by

    shoptodip
    102 views12 pages
    1) The document provides exercises on basic circuit elements, calculations, and power analysis. It includes deriving expressions for current in an inductor over time based on the given voltage, and sketching the resulting current waveform. 2) For a given RLC circuit, it calculates the Thevenin equivalent circuit by performing source transformations to simplify the circuit into a single voltage source with internal impedance. 3) For a voltage source feeding a load through an impedance, it determines the current, real and reactive power, apparent power, and power factor at the source and load. Power triangles are drawn to represent the calculations.

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    Exercise1_solutions

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    1) The document provides exercises on basic circuit elements, calculations, and power analysis. It includes deriving expressions for current in an inductor over time based on the given voltage, and sketching the resulting current waveform. 2) For a given RLC circuit, it calculates the Thevenin equivalent circuit by performing source transformations to simplify the circuit into a single voltage source with internal impedance. 3) For a voltage source feeding a load through an impedance, it determines the current, real and reactive power, apparent power, and power factor at the source and load. Power triangles are drawn to represent the calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    102 views12 pages

    DEE-23106 Fundamentals of Electrical and Power Engineering: Exercise #1

    Uploaded by

    shoptodip
    1) The document provides exercises on basic circuit elements, calculations, and power analysis. It includes deriving expressions for current in an inductor over time based on the given voltage, and sketching the resulting current waveform. 2) For a given RLC circuit, it calculates the Thevenin equivalent circuit by performing source transformations to simplify the circuit into a single voltage source with internal impedance. 3) For a voltage source feeding a load through an impedance, it determines the current, real and reactive power, apparent power, and power factor at the source and load. Power triangles are drawn to represent the calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 12

    DEE-23106

    Fundamentals of Electrical
    and Power Engineering
    Exercise #1

    Ari Nikander
    SN301.1
    ari.nikander@tut.fi
    Basic circuit elements
    Exercise 1.1.
    The current in and the voltage across a 100 mH inductor is known to be
    zero for t ≤ 0. The voltage across the inductor is given in Fig. 1. Derive
    the expression for the current as a function of time in the intervals
    0s ≤ t ≤ 2s, 2s ≤ t ≤ 3s, 3s ≤ t ≤ 4s, 4s ≤ t ≤ 7s, 7s ≤ t < ¥ .
    Sketch i versus t for 0 ≤ t < ¥.

    v (V)
    1

    0
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t (s)

    -1
    Fig. 1. Voltage across the inductor.
    5.9.2016 2
    At first, the expression for the inductor voltage is derived.

    ì0.5t , 0s £ t £ 2s
    ï1, 2s £ t £ 3s
    ïï
    v (t ) = í1 - 2(t - 3), 3s £ t £ 4s
    ï- 1, 4s £ t £ 7s
    ï
    ïî0, 7s £ t £ ¥

    The expression for the inductor current can be derived from equation:
    t
    1
    i(t ) = ò v(t ) dt + i (t0 )
    L t0
    0s ≤ t ≤ 2s:
    t
    1 1t
    i (t ) = ò 0.5tdt = | 0.25t 2 = 2.5t 2 (1/L = 10)
    L0 L0
    i (2s) = 10 A

    2s ≤ t ≤ 3s:
    t t
    1
    i (t ) = ò 1dt + i (2 s) = 10 | t + 10 = 10t - 20 + 10 = 10t - 10
    L2 2

    i (3s ) = 20 A
    5.9.2016 3
    3s ≤ t ≤ 4s:
    t t
    1
    i (t ) = ò ( -2t + 7)dt + i (3s ) = 10 |( -t 2 + 7t ) + i (3s ) = -10t 2 + 70t - 100
    L3 3

    i (4s) = 20 A

    4s ≤ t ≤ 7s:
    t t
    1
    i (t ) = ò - 1dt + i (4 s ) = 10 | (-t ) + i ( 4s ) = -10t + 60
    L4 4

    i (7 s) = -10 A

    7s ≤ t < ¥:
    t
    1
    i (t ) = ò 0dt + i (7 s ) = -10 A
    L7

    5.9.2016 4
    Current waveform
    25

    20

    15

    10

    -5

    -10

    -15
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    5.9.2016 5
    Basic circuit calculations
    Exercise 1.2.
    Find the Thevenin equivalent for the circuit shown in Fig. 2. The rms
    voltage of the sinusoidal voltage source is 230 V, frequency 50 Hz and
    phase angle 0°. R1 = 36 W, R2 = 10 W, L1 = 190 mH, L2 = 50 mH and
    C = 79 mF.
    L1 R1 L2 R2
    a

    + v
    - g C

    b
    Fig. 2.

    5.9.2016 6
    The frequency domain equivalent circuit:

    jXL1 R1 jXL2 R2
    a X L1 = wL1 = 2pfL1 » 59.69W

    X L 2 = wL2 = 2pfL2 » 15.71W


    Z1 Z2
    + V 1 1
    - g -jXC XC = = » 40.29W
    wC 2pfC
    V g = 230Ð0°
    b

    Source transformations are used to simplify the circuit.


    Z2
    a
    Vg 230Ð0°
    Ig = = A
    Z1 36 + j59.69
    Ig Z1 -jXC
    230Ð0°
    » » 3.30Ð - 58.91°
    69.71Ð58.91°
    Z3 b

    5.9.2016 7
    Parallel connection of Z1 and –jXC:

    Z3 =
    Z 1Z C
    =
    (36 + j59.69) × - j 40.29 W = 2404.01 - j1450.44 » 68.68Ð - 59.41°
    Z1 + Z C 36 + j 59.69 - j 40.29 36 + j19.4

    Another source transformation:

    Z3 Z2 a

    + V
    - g2

    V g 2 = I g × Z 3 » 3.30Ð - 58.91° × 68.68Ð - 59.41°V » 226.6Ð - 118.3°V

    ZTh = Z 3 + Z 2 » (68.68Ð - 59.41° + 10 + j15.71)W » (44.95 - j 43.41)W » 62.49Ð - 44°W

    V Th = V g 2

    5.9.2016 8
    Basic power calculations
    Exercise 1.3.
    A voltage source is feeding a load through a feeder. The source voltage is
    325cos(314.16t+30°)V. The feeder impedance is 1+j1 W and the load
    impedance is 10 – j5 W.
    a) Determine the current. Draw the phasor diagram of the current and
    voltage.
    b) Determine the real power, reactive power, apparent power and the power
    factor of the source. Draw the power triangle.
    c) Determine the real power, reactive power, apparent power and the power
    factor of the load. Draw the power triangle.

    5.9.2016 9
    a)

    I Zfeeder
    Z feeder = (1 + j1)W
    Z load = (10 - j 5)W
    + V Zload
    - source
    V source = 230 Ð30 °

    V source 230Ð30°V 230Ð30°V


    I= = » » 19.6Ð50°
    Z feeder + Z load (11 - j 4)W 11.705Ð - 19.98°W

    I
    Not scaled
    V source

    5.9.2016 10
    b)

    P = Vrms I rms cos(q v - q i ) » 230V ×19.6497 A × cos( -19.98°) » 4.25kW


    Q = Vrms I rms sin(q v - q i ) » 230V ×19.6497 A × sin( -19.98°) » -1.54kVAr

    S = P + jQ » (4.2474 - j1.5443)kVA » 4.52Ð - 20°kVA


    pf = cos(q v - q i ) = cos( -19.98°) » 0.94

    Alternatively:
    P = RI rms
    2
    » (10 + 1)W × (19.6497 A) 2 » 4.25kW P
    -20°

    Q = XI rms
    2
    » (1 - 5)W × (19.6497 A) 2 » -1.54kVAr S
    Q

    S = V I * » 230Ð30°V ×19.6497Ð - 50° A » 4.52Ð - 20°kVA


    P 4247.4W
    pf = = » 0.94
    S 4519.4VA

    5.9.2016 11
    c)
    Pload = Rload I rms
    2
    » 10W × (19.6497 A) 2 » 3.86kW
    Qload = - X load I rms
    2
    » -5W × (19.6497 A) 2 » -1.93kVAr
    Capacitive load

    S = Pload + jQload » (3.8611 - j1.9306) kVA » 4.32Ð - 26.6°kVA


    P
    -26.6°
    P 3861.1W
    pf = = » 0.89 Q
    S 4316.8VA S

    Alternatively:
    Voltage division is used to determine the voltage across the load.
    Z load 10 - j 5 11.1803Ð - 26.57°
    V load = × V source = × 230Ð30° » × 230VÐ30°
    Z feeder + Z load 11 - j 4 11.7046Ð - 19.98°
    » 219.697Ð23.41°
    The same equations as in b) are used.
    P = Vrms I rms cos(q v - q i ) » 219.697V ×19.6497 A × cos( 23.41° - 49.98°) » 3.86kW
    Etc.

    5.9.2016 12

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