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Values and Behavior pp 51-72

The Refined Theory of Basic Values

 Authors
 Authors and affiliations*

 Shalom H. SchwartzEmail author

 Shalom H. Schwartz
o 1
o 2

Email author

1. 1.Department of PsychologyThe Hebrew University of


JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
2. 2.National University Higher School of EconomicsMoscowRussia

Chapter
First Online:
10 August 2017

Abstract

This chapter presents the refined theory of basic values that provides
greater heuristic and predictive power than the original theory. It
partitions the circular value continuum into 19 values based on analyses
of (a) the multifaceted definitions of some original values, (b) spaces in
past MDS projections of items in samples from 83 countries, and (c)
confirmatory factor analyses. This chapter explains the rationales for
splitting seven of the original values and adding the new values of
humility and face. It then describes the PVQ-RR, a new instrument for
measuring the 19 values, which yields more reliable measures of the ten
basic values and four higher orders in the same or less time than
alternative methods. This chapter presents empirical evidence that
individuals across cultures distinguish all 19 values. It then describes
cross-cultural studies that illustrate the distinctive relations of the 19
values to socio-demographic, attitude, and behavior variables. The
refined theory provides insights obscured by focusing only on the ten
original values.

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