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Fluidization Report

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محمود محمد
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88 views

Fluidization Report

Uploaded by

محمود محمد
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fluidization report

Name: Baneen Faris


Supervised:
prof. dr. Raid Al khateeb

1
introduction
Fluidization (or fluidisation) is a
process similar to liquefaction whereby
a granular material is converted from a
static solid-like state to a
dynamic fluid-like state. This process
occurs when a fluid (liquid or gas) is
passed up through the granular
material.

When a gas flow is introduced through


the bottom of a bed of solid particles,
it will move upwards through the bed
via the empty spaces between the
particles. At low gas velocities,
aerodynamic drag on each particle is
also low, and thus the bed remains in a
fixed state. Increasing the velocity, the
aerodynamic drag forces will begin to

2
counteract the gravitational forces,
causing the bed to expand in volume
as the particles move away from each
other. Further increasing the velocity,
it will reach a critical value at which
the upward drag forces will exactly
equal the downward gravitational
forces, causing the particles to become
suspended within the fluid. At this
critical value, the bed is said to be
fluidized and will exhibit fluidic
behavior. By further increasing gas
velocity, the bulk density of the bed
will continue to decrease, and its
fluidization becomes more violent,
until the particles no longer form a bed
and are "conveyed" upwards by the
gas flow.

3
When fluidized, a bed of solid particles
will behave as a fluid, like a liquid or
gas. Like water in a bucket: the bed will
conform to the volume of the
chamber, its surface remaining
perpendicular to gravity; objects with a
lower density than the bed density will
float on its surface, bobbing up and
down if pushed downwards, while
objects with a higher density sink to
the bottom of the bed. The fluidic
behavior allows the particles to be
transported like a fluid, channeled
through pipes, not requiring
mechanical transport (e.g. conveyor
belt).

A simplified every-day-life example of


a gas-solid fluidized bed would be a

4
hot-air popcorn popper. The popcorn
kernels, all being fairly uniform in size
and shape, are suspended in the hot
air rising from the bottom chamber.
Because of the intense mixing of the
particles, akin to that of a boiling
liquid, this allows for a uniform
temperature of the kernels throughout
the chamber, minimizing the amount
of burnt popcorn. After popping, the
now larger popcorn particles
encounter increased aerodynamic drag
which pushes them out of the chamber
and into a bowl.

The process is also key in the


formation of a sand volcano and fluid
escape structures
in sediments and sedimentary rocks

5
Fluidized solids can be
easily transferred between
reactors.The intense mixing
within a fluidized bed
means that its temperature
is uniform.There is excellent
heat transfer between a
fluidized bed and heat
exchangers immersed in the
.bed

6
Applications:
Fluidization has many applications with
the use of ion exchange particles for
the purification and processing of
many industrial liquid streams.
Industries such as food & beverage,
hydrometallurgical, water softening,
catalysis, bio-based chemical etc. use
ion exchange as a critical step in
processing. Conventionally ion
exchange has been used in a packed
bed where a pre-clarified liquid passes
downward through a column. Much
work has been done at the University
of Western Ontario in London Ontario,
Canada on the use of a continuous
fluidized ion exchange system, named
"Liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed"
(LSCFB), recently being called
"Circulating fluidized ion exchange"
7
(CFIX). This system has widespread
applications extending the use of
traditional ion exchange systems
because it can handle feed streams
with large amounts of suspended
solids due to the use of fluidization

Fluidization occur
Fluidization (or fluidisation) is a
process similar to liquefaction whereby
a granular material is converted from a
static solid-like state to a dynamic
fluid-like state. This process occurs
when a fluid (liquid or gas) is passed up
through the granular material

What is fluidization used for


The resulting phenomenon is called
fluidization. Fluidised beds are used for
8
several purposes, such as fluidized bed
reactors (types of chemical reactors),
solids separation, fluid catalytic
cracking, fluidized bed combustion,
heat or mass transfer or interface
modification, such as applying a
coating onto solid items.

Bubbling fluidization
A bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) is a well-
established approach where the gas at
low velocities is used and fluidization
of the solids is relatively stationary.

9
Purpose of a fluidized bed
Fluidised beds are used for several
purposes, such as fluidized bed
reactors (types of chemical reactors),
solids separation, fluid catalytic
cracking, fluidized bed combustion,
heat or mass transfer or interface
modification, such as applying a
coating onto solid items..
Minimum fluidization
The minimum fluidization velocity
(Umf), defined as the superficial gas
velocity at which the drag force of the
upward moving gas becomes equal to
the weight of the particles in the bed,
is one of the most important
parameters associated with a fluidized
bed system

10
Particulate fluidization
Particulate fluidization is a condition
when particles in a fluidized bed are
individually suspended. … When the
fluidizing fluid is liquid and is
characterized by a large and uniform
expansion of the bed at high velocities,
this is known as particulate
fluidization

Particulate fluidization
Particulate fluidization is a condition
when particles in a fluidized bed are
individually suspended. … When the
fluidizing fluid is liquid and is
characterized by a large and uniform
expansion of the bed at high velocities,
this is known as particulate
fluidization

11
ReferencesEdit

A.W. Peters, W.H. Flank, B.H. Davis, ^


"The history of petroleum cracking in
the 20th century", ACS Symposium
Series, Volume 1000, 2009, Pages 103-
187^ "Sohio Acrylonitrile Process –
American Chemical Society". American
Chemical Society. Archived from the
original on 2017-09-06.
Retrieved 2018-01-13.^ Marshall, K. A.
2003. Chlorocarbons and
Chlorohydrocarbons, Survey. Kirk-
Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology^ Thomas E. Nowlin,
Business and Technology of the Global
Polyethylene Industry: An In-depth
Look at the History, Technology,
Catalysts, and Modern Commercial
Manufacture of Polyethylene and Its
12
Products,
2014, ISBN 9781118946039^ Carole
Baddour, Cedric Briens, 2005, "Carbon
Nanotube Synthesis: A Review", IJCRE,
3, R3.International Journal of Chemical
Reactor EngineeringArchived 2007-01-
28 at the Wayback
Machine^ Arkema. "Graphistrength.co
m – Graphistrength®
manufacture". www.graphistrength.co
m. Archivedfrom the original on 2017-
04-23. Retrieved 2018-01-13.^ Carole
Baddour, Cedric Briens, Serge Bodere,
Didier Anglerot, Patrice Gaillard, 2008,
"The fluidized bed jet grinding of
carbon nanotubes with a nozzle/target
configuration", Powder Technology,
Volume 190, Issue 3, 25 March 2009,
Pages 372-38^ Prince, Andrew; Bassi,
Amarjeet S; Haas, Christine;

13

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