UNIT-1

BUSINESS LETTERS AND EMAIL WRITING

Summary:
Business Letter is used by organizations to communicate in a professional way with customers, other
companies, clients, shareholders, investors, etc. Business letter uses formal language and a specific
format. Companies use it to convey important information and messages. An individual can also use it
while writing an application for a job, cover letters, or any formal document. They are also called snail-
mail. Inquiry letter, offer letter, order letter, cover letter, notices, termination of employment are some
of the business letters. Suppose a person wants to write any of these business letters, there is a pre-
specified format for writing a business letter. There are some parts of a business letter and rules
associated with them.

Business letters are important for: It helps the organizations in strengthening their rapport with
customers, stakeholders, etc., they can be filled for future reference and serve as an important
repository of information, helps in conveying information that is confidential, it helps companies
reach the organizations, clients, shareholders, and others who are geographically in distant places.it
also helps the companies to know the problems in their products, services, and deliveries.

Essential Elements of a Business Letter:

A person should always maintain the quality of the business letter. The qualities of a business letter
make it presentable. It becomes easy for a person or an organization to imprint an impression onto the
others. The qualities of a business letter can be classified as: Inner Quality and Outer Quality.
I. Inner Quality
It refers to the quality of language used and the presentation of a business letter. They are

1. Clear: The language used in the business letter must be clear. It helps the receiver to understand the
message immediately, easily, and clearly. Any ambiguity will lead to the misinterpretation of the
message stated.

2. Simple: The language used in the business letter must be simple and easy. One must not write a
business letter in difficult and fancy words.

3. Concise: The message written in the letter must be concise and to the point.

4. Concrete: The message is written must be concrete and specific. By using concrete language, a
reader will have a clear picture of the message.

5. Accuracy: One must always check for the accuracy of the business letter. Accuracy generally means
no error in grammar, spelling, punctuations etc. Correct personnel should be targeted for
communication.

6. Coherent: The language used in the business letter must be coherent. The message must be in a
logical way for the clear understanding of the message. The flow of the message must be consistent.

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7. Complete: One must write a complete message. It helps the reader to know about the issue and the
solution to be taken. It should provide all the necessary information. One must also keep in mind that
the message should be concise and short along with the complete details.

8. Relevance: The letter should only contain important information. Irrelevant information should not
be included and avoided in any business communication.

9. Courteous: The language used in the business letter must be courteous. A writer must always use
open, friendly, and honest wording in his letter. It does not mean that one must use slang and abusive
words. One must always add the words like please, thank you etc.

10. Neatness: A business letter must be neatly typed or handwritten. Proper spacing, indention, and use
of paragraph should be used.

II. Outer Quality

The outer quality of a business letter means the quality of its outer appearance. The outer look of the
letter must be catchy and impressive. Some of the outer qualities are

1. Size of the Paper: The standard size of paper should be used. An A4 paper is the most used paper
for writing a business letter.

2. Quality of the Paper: The quality of the paper used must be good. It is not always possible for a
firm to use the costly paper. One must use good quality paper for original copy and ordinary copy for
the duplicate copy.

3. The Colour of the Paper: Sometimes it is very useful to use the different color of paper for
different types of letter. The receiver can clearly understand the intention and the purpose of the letter by
its colour.

4. Folding of Letter: One must fold the letter properly and uniformly. The folding must be done to fit
the letter in the envelope. It is noticeable that one must not over fold the letter. It will have a bad
impression on the reader’s mind.

5. Envelope: The envelope used must be of good quality. Special attention must be given to the size of
the envelope for fitting the letter.
 Letterhead and date, inside address – (attention, salutation), salutation, the body,
complimentary close, signature block. Additional elements: addressee notation, attention
line, subject line, reference initials, enclosure notation, copy notation, mailing notation,
postscript are some essential things in a business letter.

Layouts: Three different layouts which are used for professional purpose are Full block layout,
Semi-block layout and Simplified layout.

Types of letters: There are different types of business letters, in this they discussed about 10 types
of business letters: -

1. Acknowledgement letter
2. Goodwill letters
3. Letters of recommendation

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 4. Credit and collection letters
5. Appreciation letter
6. Inquiry letters
7. Sales letter
8. Claim letter
9. Request letters
10. Adjustment letter.

They also mentioned examples for each type of letters.

There are 12 Parts in a Business Letter

 The Heading or Letterhead

 Date
 Reference
 The Inside Address
 Subject
 Greeting
 Body Paragraphs
 Complimentary Close
 Signature and Writer’s Identification
 Enclosures
 Copy Circulation
 PostScript

1. The Heading or Letterhead: It usually contains the name and the address of the business or an
organization. It can also have an email address, contact number, fax number, trademark or logo of the
business.

2. Date: We write the date on the right-hand side corner of the letter below the heading.

3. Reference: It shows the department of the organization sending the letter. The letter-number can also
be used as a reference

4. The Inside Address: It includes the name, address, postal code, and job title of the recipient. It must
be mentioned after the reference. One must write inside address on the left-hand side of the sheet.

5. Subject: It is a brief statement mentioning the reason for writing the letter. It should be clear, eye
catchy, short, simple, and easily understandable.

6. The Greeting: It contains the words to greet the recipient. It is also known as the salutation. The type
of salutation depends upon the relationship with the recipient. It generally includes words like Dear,
Respected, or just Sir/Madam. A comma (,) usually follow the salutation.

7. The Body Paragraphs: This is the main part of the letter. It contains the actual message of the
sender. The main body of the mail must be clear and simple to understand. The body of the letter is
basically divided into three main categories.

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 Opening Part: The first paragraph of the mail writing must state the introduction of the
writer. It also contains the previous correspondence if any.

 Main Part: This paragraph states the main idea or the reason for writing. It must be clear,
concise, complete, and to the point.

 Concluding Part: It is the conclusion of the business letter. It shows the suggestions or the
need of the action. The closing of the letter shows the expectation of the sender from the
recipient. Always end your mail by courteous words like thanking you, warm regards, look
forward to hearing from your side etc.

8. The Complimentary Close: It is a humble way of ending a letter. It is written in accordance with
the salutation. The most generally used complimentary close are Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely, and
Thanks & Regards.

9. Signature and Writer’s Identification: It includes the signature, name, and designation of the
sender. It can also include other details like contact number, address, etc. The signature is handwritten
just above the name of the sender.

10. Enclosures: Enclosures show the documents attached to the letter. The documents can be anything
like cheque, draft, bills, receipts, invoices, etc. It is listed one by one.

11. Copy Circulation: It is needed when the copies of the letter are sent to other persons. It is denoted
as C.C.

12. PostScript: The sender can mention it when he wants to add something other than the message in
the body of the letter. It is written as P.S.

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 UNIT-2
PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATION

Summary:
This unit speaks about “Public Presentation”. In today professional world it is essential to be a
communicator and, regardless of the job or position one holds in an organization, one must
frequently deal with various communication related assignment. As a professional, one should
always be prepared for communication assignment, and therefore it is important to learn and
master its nuances to develop oneself an effective communicator.

Combating stage fright: Most of the people fear situation in which one should stand up in front
of audience and say something. It is a very big challenge and seek to avoid the task of making a
presentation if they can. Few suggestions to overcome fear:

1. Recognize your nervousness

2. Understand what happens to you physically when you feel nervous
3. Recognize the fact that the flow of adrenaline in the body only gives you more glucose, which
provides your advantage
4. Regard your nervousness, therefore, as a positive phenomenon and form of energy which you
can turn to your advantage.
5. Since nervousness makes you feel more energetic, you are not likely to feel timid when you
experience it.
6. Nervousness is a normal feeling with most people who must perform in professional situations.
Not just the speakers, but even other professionals experience it from time to time.
7. Regard nervousness as a positivity, healthy sign, which rather than spoiling your performance
can improve it.
8. Positive imagination infuses freshness and confidence.
9. work hard on your content.
10.Work hard on your opening lines and the rest of the introduction. Use humor and wit if
possible.
11. Focus on what you must speak to you listeners.
12. Rehearse your presentation in front of your friends, parents, or siblings. It makes you feel more
confident and assured of yourself.
13. Maintain eye contact with audience, you feel rooted and related to them.

Preparing PowerPoint slides for presentation: it is important for a professional to plan his/her
presentation appropriately. One of the key areas of preparation relates to the planning of
powerpoint slides that are speaker intends his/her audience to view. Many a time, good

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presentation is spoiled because of poor presentation slides. A powerpoint presentation does not
have disadvantages, and if not planned properly the slides can derail a presentation.

1. Reach the presentation area much before the audience and adjust material on the laptop or pen
drive well before you speak.
2. Time your slides to perfection. It is important to know when to show a slide
3. Keep the lens of the LCD covered with its lid or a handkerchief, so that the audience not
necessarily have to look at a blank screen before you choose to show them your slide
4. Even while displaying a slide, avoid standing or walking in front of the LCD lens
5. Don't clutter your slides with too much detail. Avoid writing long paragraphs or length tenses
on slides
6. Give all your material in bulleted form, with a single slide not exhibiting more than eight to ten
points.
7. Don't Read your own slides by looking at the screen.
8. Keep your slides to the minimum number
9. Make your slides as captivating and innovative as possible for your audience. Avoid, however,
unnecessary frills and ostentation.

Describing objects/situations/people: a task that all of us do, to describe a picture, object,

situation, or a person to others. it explains about the complexity of the challenges involved in such
tasks, and it is called as effective description. The description lacks the vitality, intensity, and the
details which can make the audience sit up and not just look at the picture but also enjoy its
description. To be and effective description: -

1. A description should start with some captivating statement.

2. Connect the objects, situations, and all other descriptions to the audience. Help the audience see
the vital points of importance with lively, intense descriptions.
3. Maintain a warm and intimate style while describing an object, picture, or person observe the
audience-oriented tone that the speaker maintains.
4. Your descriptions should be not only lively but also incisive and thought provoking second
speaker brings to the fore the hidden message of the painting and this leaves its impact on the
audience.
5. A good description needs an effective use of words.

Individual and group presentation: Many projects require a presentation to be prepared and
delivered by a group to another group of professionals. At times, all the members of the team are
required to present some segment of their study, experiment, or research involved in such a group
project.

To avoid the pitfalls which may hinder a group presentation from becoming effective and
memorable: -

1. It is important to pick up the discussion from the point where your group member has left and
connect well to his/her ideas before taking the audience to newer realms.

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2.As a group member speaking second or third, he/she must realize that the discussion has already
been initiated and series of greetings would only leave a ludicrous impact on the listeners.
3. Few speakers in a group presentation situation tend to stan abruptly without making any effort
to connect with the preceding speaker. Such presentations fail to leave a unified impression on the
audience.
4. maintain continuation and connectivity to the preceding speaker. Though each member must
present only a part of the entire presentation, all of them must be acquainted with the entire
presentation.
5. Once some member of your group has finished his/her part, you need to start with a brief
recapitulation of what he/she has said.
6. While making a group presentation, it is important that their ideas cohere and integrate. 7.
Improper distribution of text and slides also makes a group presentation go haywire. In group
situation, it is common that somebody starts a presentation, some others develop it.
8. Plan well in advance regarding who is going to start, who is going to cover which points, who is
going to focus on which aspect of the problem, and who is going to give a proper authentic
conclusion to the presentation
9. Rehearse within the group to ensure that no member loses sight of the common thread that runs
through a well-constructed presentation.
10. Remember to use connectives; avoid abrupt transitions and sudden changes in thought.
11. Let the entire presentation develop coherently through different speakers in your group.
12. Stick to meticulous time management.

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 UNIT-3
PUBLIC SPEAKING

Summary:
This unit speaks about “public speaking”. Preparation is one of the features of public speaking,
which relates to addressing a group of people on formal occasions. Public speaking requires
planning preparation and perfect execution of ideas.
The modes of addressing a large audience: Storytelling- storytelling has always been regarded as
wonderful tool to communicate with others. storytelling helps to develop imagination, creativity
and expression. It also develops our powers of description and narration and teaches hoe to be
captivating in expression to engage the audience in an interesting and imaginative manner.
Elocution- elocution originates from the word ‘eloquence’ which stand for fluent elegant, or
persuasive speaking. Effective speech has deep roots in elocution as it includes pronunciation,
accent, grammar, tone and gestures which play a key role in forming a meaningful and emphatic
message. Extempore- the task of delivering a talk or address without much preparation.
Extempore enables speakers to think out of the box and provides an opportunity to develop both
communication skill and time management.
Choosing an appropriate pattern: The speaker has to decide the pattern in which the idea will be
put across to the audience. There are widely recognized patterns, and while planning to make a
speech one can choose any one of the patterns. Chronological pattern- The speeches organized
through this pattern require a clear link to be established between the events and their time
sequence. Casual pattern- The speeches arranged in a casual pattern are more involved and
emotive in approach. The casual pattern is preferred in situations when the speaker intends to
create a lasting impact on his/her listeners. Spatial pattern- It is best suited to speeches which
have a geographical or structural orientation. As the spatial pattern choose to arrange the
discussion in different directions, it is also referred to as directional pattern. Topical pattern- It
choose to divide and arrange the different parts of speech into various headings and sub-
headings. Psychological pattern- when speaker to structure the speech according to the needs of
his/her listeners, the speaker arranges ideas in manner most likely to create an immediate impact
on the listeners.

Selecting an appropriate method: Along with the patterns, the method of delivery also matters
a lot. All such methods have their own relative advantages and disadvantages. There are four
ways of delivering a speech. They are 1. Speaking from memory 2. Speaking from manuscript 3.
Speaking impromptu 4. Speaking from notes.

Speaking from memory- It suggest that the speaker has to memorize all the text of his/her
speech and deliver it verbatim. In this method, the speaker’s concentration and memory play a
very crucial part. Speaking from manuscript- Speaking from the manuscript, the speaker walks
in with the entire manuscript of the speech written, which is red out word for word.

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Speaking impromptu- Impromptu speeches are those that are delivered at the spur of the
moment. An impromptu speech does not emanate from any planning.

Speaking from notes- it has been regarded as the most favored method chosen by most of the
speakers. The speaker prepares notes/points/slide and enumerates the main idea with the help of
these main points.

Art of persuasion: The speakers must keep their speeches well planned properly substantiated,
adequately convincing, and unquestionably relevant to the needs of the audience. In order to make
ideas persuasive, bear in mind the following points:

1. Research your topic thoroughly.

2. Use proper data and figures to sound convincing.
3. Keep an audience-oriented approach.
4. Employ personal examples to establish rapport with the audience.
5. Create a verbal imagery to leave the desired impact on the audience.
6. Use language suited to the occasion.
7. Keep your audience entertained during your speech.

Making speeches interesting: The toughest challenge that a speaker faces is to be able to make
his/her audience listen to his/her speech. Therefore, keeping, the audience interested in speaker is an
art that needs to be carefully developed and gradually inculcated in speech-making efforts. There are
some tried and tested ways achieving this, a few of which are discussed in detail in the remaining part
of the text. Render the speeches interesting and captivating by working on the following strategies:

1. Make your beginnings catchy.

2. Use humor and wit.
3. Use body language appropriately.
4. Employ proper voice modulation.
5. Use examples and instances.
6. End emphatically.

Delivering different types of speeches: Welcome/Introductory Speech- welcome speech, are also
known as introductory speeches, these are the most common ones. Whenever required to introduce a
speaker to the gathering, one must follow mentioned points:

1. Introduce the speaker by referring to his/her fall, formal name, including all the titles
2. Highlight the achievements of the speaker.
3. Introduce the speaker and, the area that he/she is going to touch upon.
4. Praising the speaker beyond a limit may make you seem insincere and sycophantic.
5. While introducing the speaker, if you speak too much, you may eat into the time allotted for the
invited speaker's address. So, be focused and to the point.

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Vote of thanks speeches- vote of thanks speeches are also very commonly required to be delivered
by professionals.

The vote of thanks is delivered at the end of an event. A vote of thanks, by its very nature, is quite
brief and succinct. When asked to deliver a vote of thanks, keep in mind the following:

1. Make a list of the people to be thanked. Review the list to ensure that no one has been missed out.
2. Use a proper order to express your gratitude
3. Whenever you thank someone, also cite the reason for your gratitude and the kind of help received.
4. Be brief; avoid verbosity and exaggeration.
5. Maintain warmth; avoid being mechanical.
6. Vary your expressions to express your gratitude for the various types of help received from a
variety of people.
7. Be witty and humorous, if possible.

Farewell speeches- In their professional career people often change jobs, leaving one organization
and us another. In all such eventualities, a farewell speech comes into play. When required to deliver
such a speech, keep in mind the following points:

1. Thank the organization for the opportunity you received for serving it.
2. Avoid criticizing the company's policies or people, even if you don't appreciate them much. 3.
Don't exaggerate your own achievements.
4. Sound polite and humble in your expressions.
5. Be brief in your farewell speech.

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 UNIT-4
JUST A MINUTE(JAM) AND GROUP DISCUSSION(GD)

Summary:
This unit speaks about “Just a minute (JAM) and Group discussion (GD)”. Just a minute
(JAM)- Just a minute is a form tool in today's professional world. Just like group discussion and
job interviews, JAM presentations require professional skills to be acquired and demonstrated.
JAM sessions are short and crisp, they require a lot of imagination and presence of mind.
The challenge in such presentations is to make the point immediately, without appearing shallow
and perfunctory. The speaker in such situations is required to be creative, prompt, relevant, and
witty enough to capture the idea in an arresting and emphatic manner.
The important points that are required to be borne in mind by the speaker when entrusted with the
task of making a JAM presentation: -

1. Start imaginatively
2. Come to the point immediately.
3. Stay focused on one point; avoid digressions.
4. Avoid examples and instances to substantiate.
5. Use vivid language
6. Avoid elaborate data and statistics as there is no time in JAM sessions for such substantiations.
7. Be witty, creative, and humorous.
8. Avoid great expectations from yourself as a speaker.
9. Avoid being panicky or nervous.
10. Manage your time well.

Group discussion- Group discussions plays a pivotal role in selecting the most suitable candidates
from many who apply for the same post. It is a methodology used by an organization to gauge
whether a candidate possesses certain personality traits and/or skills that are desired of him/her. In
GDs, the group members have to interpret, analyses, and argue, so as to discuss the topic or case
threadbare as a team.

Difference between GD and debate- In a debate, one supposed to speak either for or against a
motion. In GDs, on the other hand, all the members of the group are expected to deliberate upon
the issue extensively, and it is possible for any of them to change their stand if they find
themselves convinced about the other side of the perspective.

Number and duration- In a formal GD, there are six to fifteen members in a group and they are
asked to sit in a circular, semi-circular, or U-shaped seating. They are given fifteen to forty-five
minutes to discuss a topic or a case study depending on its nature.

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Personality traits to be evaluated-
The important personality traits that a candidate should possess to do well in GDs: -
1. Attentive listening
2. Awareness
3. Leadership
4. Openness
5. Assertiveness
6. Initiative
7. Motivation
8. Reasoning ability.

Dynamic of group behavior/group etiquette and mannerisms- The group members tend to
have difference of opinions and go off track now and then It is important to keep the purpose,
goal, or task in mind, and bring the cession back to the stated focus. Logical ideas, poised
demeanor, supportive attitude, balanced view, and team spirit are some of the most important
ingredients of a successful GD.

The points you should keep in mind to exhibit your positive group etiquette: -

Being friendly and approachable- People who are grumpy, haughty, or impassive are often left
out in group activity.

Encouraging participation from co-participants- one should try and encourage the silent
participant to present his/her views.

Not hurting anyone- Your presence of mind, humility, tranquility, tolerance, and ability to adapt
and respond to impromptu situations are also under a scanner in such group exercises.

Not being dominative or dismissive- It is good to support your ideas with facts, figures, data, and
experiences. But do not try to dominate others or emphasize an idea beyond the point of tolerance.

Avoiding emotions- It is not desirable to overplay emotions, particularly in a GD. A surfeit of

emotions makes a person irrational.

Avoiding peer discussion- information intend to share, it should be addressed to the entire group
and not to one or two members. A hated heated debate should be avoided. Group members should
respect each other, and each person should recognize the potential contributions made by the
others. It is the group’s responsibility to help manage the group’s dynamics.

Leadership- a group without a leader can be as wayward as a ship without a captain. Anyone can
emerge as the leader.
There are certain attributes some of these are as follows:
1. Patience
2. Motivation

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3. Clarity
4. Objectivity
5. Discernment
6. Expression

Types- GDs are of two types:

1. Topic-based
2. Case-Based.

Topic-Based are divided into three types: -

Factual topics- Mostly groups are given topics which are factual in nature. These are related to
day-to-day socio-economic facts or environmental issues.
Abstract topics- Abstract topic are given at the higher level. These are usually intangible in
nature. One need to approach these topics with innovative and lateral thinking.
Controversial topic- These are controversial in nature. These topics are given to observe the
maturity level of participants on such issues.
Case studies- based discussion These are real-life simulated situations. The key to such topics is
that there is no right or wrong answer, but your approach to the solution is highly important.
Opening of a GD- Despite the zeal to start the discussion on a flyer, one should open the GD only
when they have enough points to set it in motion. Many times, a speaker initiates the discussion
without realizing that he/she does not know enough about the topic.
Summarizing a discussion- Just as the beginning of a GD is crucial, so is its ending. One should
try to include the major points discussed by the whole group. Moreover, an abrupt ending in a GD
is perplexing and annoying.

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 UNIT-5
RESUME AND JOB INTERVIEWS

Summary:
This unit discuss about “Resume and Job Interviews”. Resume preparation- resume plays a
vital role in job process. A good resume can get us shortlisted and a bad one can lead to the
rejection of our claim to a position. Preparing a resume is an important skill. Preparing resume or
curriculum vitae (CV) requires good imagination, creativity, ingenuity, and consistent effort in
keeping it updated, comprehensive, and effective. The most crucial elements of a resume in brief:
•Appearance • Personal information • Career Professional objective • Education/Academic
qualification • Work experience Professional skills •Activities and achievements/Special interests
and aptitudes • Awards and honors • Memberships • References.

Types of Resume- There are various types of resumes that you can prepare while applying for a
job. These types offer you different way to organize your details you want your employer to know.

Chronological- A chronological resume gives your work history in the chronological order, that
is, in the sequence of occurrence.
Functional- This type of résumé mainly focuses on your skills and experience.
Hybrid/Combination- In this type, you list your skills and experience history first and
work/employment history next. Mostly this type of résumé is prepared. Based on the kind of
channel used, résumés are of two types: • Paper-copy/Traditional print résumés. •
Electronic/Scannable résumés.
Non-traditional resume- The purpose is to go through the profile of the candidate quickly to
ascertain his/her suitability for the available position.
Video resume- The prospective candidate must speak in front of the camera, highlighting his/her
qualifications, abilities, skills and accomplishment.
Resume content- Identification (name, phone, address, email id…), career objective, education,
employment/ experience, professional skills/technical knowledge, professional affiliations,
activities and interest, awards/honors/achievements, reference.
Job interview- An interview is essentially a structured conversation where one participant asks
questions, and the other provides answers. In common parlance, the word, interview refers to a
one-on-one conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee. The word interview comes
from ‘inter’ and ‘view’. Inter means in between and view means to see. The purpose of an
interview is twofold: it shows the employer what you can do for the company, and it gives you an
opportunity to assess whether your qualifications and career ambitions align with the position.
Interview can be of multiple stages so before attending the interview be prepared.
Process- During the interview process, the employer attempts to determine whether the applicant
is suitable for the job or not. During a job interview, the interviewers ask the candidate questions
about his/her job history personality, work style, and other factors relevant to the job. All such
questions aim at finding out your strengths, your motivation to work, and your suitability for the
job. Interviewee will usually be given a chance to ask any questions at the end of the interview.
These questions are strongly encouraged since they allow the interviewee to acquire more

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information about job and the company, but they can also exhibit the candidate's confidence and
strong interest in the company.
Keeping the facts in mind, the first thing you should do is to keep your resume updated and
practice the frequently asked interview questions. These simple exercises can be very effective and
can go a long way in getting the most out of your interview.

The interview process is divided into three step process: -

Gathering information of the company like company where you are going to appear at an
interview. It is essential for you to know the total turnover, the products and services, number of
employees, its branches, work culture, and future of your prospective company and during the
process it automatically establishes the rapport with the candidate. And finally, you need to be
well prepared for the closing. It is possible that you might he asked to ask a question. Be ready
with one and think about your closing remarks when the interviewer tells you that your interview
is over. While the closing time comes interviewee should be able to make clear that he/she want
the job, create a good impression, set the stage for next step and get an actual offer.

Stages in job interview- As said interview is a multiple stage process it involves screening of
application after this applicant will be called for the group discussion here, he/she must be
discussing about a particular topic in the group. Later comes Technical know-how in this round
the applicant will be tested about the domain knowledge. If the position is for Senior/mid-level
companies opt for Psychometric test or big five test for entry level company, go for aptitude
testing.

Types- As there are various stages in the interview similarly there are different types of interview
as well on initial form of interview is the telephonic interview. This is an interview conducted
through telephone or mobile phone. This has the advantage of keeping costs low for both the
company and the candidate.
Type two is interview through Video Conferencing and Teleconferencing Companies hiring at
all levels, from entry-level to experienced professionals, are more comfortable using technology,
thus making video interviewing and teleconferencing the preferred s for the online recruiting
process these days.

Technical interview- This is an essential round of screening. In this part of the interview, the
experts on the panel will assess your knowledge in the subject domain. They ask you questions
related to various fundamental concepts involved their application, and your ability to relate your
knowledge in other related fields.
A common type of job interview in the modern workplace is behavioral interview. This type of
interview is based on the notion that a candidate's past behavior is the best indicator of his/her
future performance. In behavioral interviews, the interviewer asks the candidates to recall
specified instances where they were faced with a set of circumstances.

Stress or skeet interview- The candidate is asked a series of questions by panelists in rapid
succession to test their ability to handle stress filled situations. You need to be mentally alert since

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you are asked than one question at a time. You should stay calm during such sessions. Stress
interviews involve testing an applicant's behavior in a busy environment. Questions about
handling overload, dealing with multiple projects, and handling conflict are typical.

Desirable qualities- The company looks for qualities in the candidates. Those qualities are clarity
of thought, presence of mind, balanced point of view, cool composure, logical thinking, maturity,
sincerity, openness, capacity to conceptualization and good understanding of fundamentals.

Preparation- As said for this multistage interview the candidate must be well prepared in this
preparation process the candidate should know about the company history, projects undertaken
and growth of the company. Know yourself you must be able to explain them your strengths and
uniqueness to hire you and go through the generic interviewing questions. While answering the
questions to the interviewer use proper verbal and nonverbal cues. Throughout the interview
process exhibit your confidence.

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