Requirement in GEC-105

Readings in Philippine
History

Timeline of Major Events in the

Philippines
(1872 – 1946)

Submitted by:
Dine Jane G. Almonia

Submitted to:
Prof. Jay Rome O. De Los Santos
 On January 20, 1872, the Cavite Mutiny, an uprising of
military personnel at the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, took place.
1872: It was participated by around 200 soldiers and laborers who
Cavite rose up after their salaries were reduced upon the order of
Mutiny; Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo by subjecting them to
Execution personal taxes, from which they were previously exempt. This
of event subsequently led to the execution of the Filipino priests
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora, otherwise
known as GOMBURZA. Many scholars believe that the
Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was the beginning of Filipino
Noli Me Tangere was an anti-Spanish novel written by
1887: Dr. Jose P. Rizal which exposed the corruption of the friars
Publicatio who made the Catholic Religion an instrument for enriching
n of Noli and perpetuating themselves in power by seeking to mire
Me ignorant Filipinos in fanaticism and superstition. Instead of
Tangere teaching Filipinos true Catholicism, they control the
government by opposing all progress and persecuting
members of the ilustrado unless they make themselves their
In the night of July 3, 1892, Dr. Jose Rizal founded
and inaugurated the La Liga Filipina at house No. 176 Ilaya
1892: Dr. St., Tondo. It was formed not for the purpose of independence,
Jose Rizal but for mutual aid and protection of its members, and the
founded fostering of a more united spirit among Filipinos. Its
the La constitution declared the ends, form, duties of members and
Liga officials, rights of members and officials, the investment of
Filipina On this site Andres Bonifacio and one thousand
Katipuneros met in the morning of 23 August 1896 and
decided to revolt against the Spanish colonial government in
the Philippines. As an affirmation of their resolve, they tore up
1896: Cry their cedulas which were symbols of oppression of the
of Filipinos. This was very first cry of the oppressed nation
Pugadlawi against Spain which was enforced with use of arms.
1896:nThe On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal, the greatest
execution man of the Malayan race, was shot to death at Bagumbayan (present
of Jose day Luneta or Rizal park), Manila, by a firing squad of native
soldiers, on the accusation of political conspiracy and sedition, and
Rizal
rebellion against the Spanish government in the Philippines.

republic ever declared in the Philippines by revolutionary

1897 -
leader Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries.
General
Despite its successes, including the establishment of
Emilio
the Philippines' first ever constitution, the republic lasted just
Aguinaldo
over a month. It was disestablished by a peace treaty signed by
establishes
Aguinaldo and the Spanish Governor-General, Fernando
the new
Primo de Rivera which included provision for exile of
republic
Aguinaldo and key associates to Hong Kong.
at Biak-na-

On May 1, 1898, at Manila Bay in the

Philippines, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron destroyed the
1898: Spanish Pacific fleet in the first major battle of the
Battle of Spanish-American War (April-August 1898). The United
Manila States went on to win the war, which ended Spanish
Bay colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S.
acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin
 The first Philippine Republic established a democratic,
republication government with three branches - the Executive,
1898: Legislative and the Judicial branches. It called for the
Assembly separation of church and state.
of Malolos
Congress; On June 12, 1898, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, head of the
then Philippine Revolutionary Republic, formally proclaimed
declares Philippine Independence from the central second-story
Independen window of the Aguinaldo ancestral house in Kawit, Cavite.
ce
This grand occasion was highlighted by the playing,
for the first time, of the Philippine national anthem, the
Treaty of Paris, treaty concluding the Spanish-
American War. It was signed by representatives of Spain and
1899: the United States in Paris on Dec. 10, 1898. The treaty was
Treaty of vigorously opposed in the U.S. Senate as inaugurating a policy
Paris of “imperialism” in the Philippines and was approved on Feb.
6, 1899. Two days earlier, hostilities had begun at Manila
between U.S. troops and insurgents led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
For more than three years the Filipinos carried on guerrilla
In the relatively uneventful spring of 1901, news of an
army officer’s daring exploit in a newly acquired possession
across the Pacific was the talk of America. By an elaborate
1901: U.S
Troops ruse General Frederick Funston had captured Emilio
Captures Aguinaldo, guiding spirit of the insurrection in the Philippine
Aguinaldo Islands. Since the Filipinos had no other leader of Aguinaldo’s
prowess, it was apparent that the small but exasperating war,
which for two years had engaged an American expeditionary
force of 70,000, was virtually over. William Howard Taft
1902: Taft improves economic conditions, settles disputes
Insurrectio over church ownership of land, establishes "Pensionado"
n Ends program, allowing Filipinos to study in U.S., which helped
modernize and westernize the country.
Jones Act, formally Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916,
statute announcing the intention of the United States
1916: Jones government to “withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine
Law Islands as soon as a stable government can be established
therein.” One of the most significant sections of the Jones Act
replaced the Commission with an elective Senate and, with
minimum property qualifications, extended the franchise to all
literate Filipino males. The law also incorporated a bill of
Tydings-McDuffie Act, also called Philippine
Commonwealth and Independence Act, (1934), the U.S.
1934 : U.S. statute that provided for Philippine independence, to take
congress effect on July 4, 1946, after a 10-year transitional period of
approves Commonwealth government. The bill was signed by U.S.
the Tydings Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 24, 1934, and was sent
-McDuffie to the Philippine Senate for approval. Although that body had
Law previously rejected the similar Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act, it
 The draft of the constitution was approved by the
1935: The convention on February 8, 1935 and ratified by Pres. Roosevelt in
Approval of Washington D.C on March 25, 1935. Elections were held in
the September 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the president of
the Commonwealth. The 1935 Constitution provided the legal basis
Constitution
of the Commonwealth Government which was considered a
Creating the
transition government before the granting of the Philippine
Philippine independence with American-inspired constitution; the Philippine
Commonwe government would eventually pattern its government system after
alth American government. It has been said that the 1935 Constitution
On December 8, 1941, Japan invaded the Philippines.
Clark Air Base in Pampanga was first attacked and also
1941: Nichols Field outside Manila was attacked, then on December
Japanese 22, The Japanese forces landed at the Lingayen Gulf and
Invades the continued on to Manila. Manila was occupied by the Japanese
Philippines, on January 2, 1942. MacArthur retreated with his troops to
and defeats Bataan while the commonwealth government withdrew to
Gen. Corregidor island before proceeding to the United States. The
Douglas joint American and Filipino soldiers in Bataan finally
MacArthur surrendered on April 9, 1942. MacArthur escaped to
Corregidor then proceeded to Australia. The 76,000 captured
soldiers were forced to embark on the infamous "Death
1944: Quezon After Japan invaded and occupied the Philippines in
dies in exile; 1942, Quezon went to the United States, where he formed a
Vice government in exile. Philippine Field Marshal Douglas
President MacArthur, together with President Sergio Osmeña of the
Sergio Commonwealth government-in-exile, landed on the shores of
Osmeña Red Beach, Palo, Leyte. MacArthur, recalling his “I shall
assumes the return” announcement on March 21, 1942, On October 20,
presidency; 1944, a few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded
MacArthur ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made
returns Osmena was brought back to reestablish a legitimate
1945 -to the
Gen.
MacArthur civilian government, to oversee post-war recovery, and to
liberates prepare the Philippines for independence. Three days after his
Manila and
arrival in Leyte, MacArthur returned civil control of liberated
President
Osmeña areas to the commonwealth president and, on 27 February
establishes 1945, he granted Osmena civil control over the entire
government
Philippines. Unfortunately, Osmena was considered by many
to be a weak and ineffectual leader, lacking the skill and
The Third Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated
on July 4, 1946. It marked the culmination of the peaceful
campaign for Philippine Independence—the two landmarks of
1946: which were the enactment of the Jones Law in 1916 (in which
Manuel
the U.S. Congress pledged independence for the Philippines
Roxas is
elected as once Filipinos have proven their capability for self-
the first government) and the Philippine Independence Act of 1934
president (popularly known as Tydings-McDuffie) which put in place a
of the new ten-year transition period during which the Philippines had
republic. Commonwealth status. The Third Republic also marked the
recognition by the global community of nations, of the
nationhood of the Philippines—a process that began when the
Commonwealth of the Philippines joined the Anti-Axis