Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 2 8 8 1 4 7 7 0 3 5 *

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/42

Paper 4 (Extended) February/March 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (CW/AR) 133786/2
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BLANK PAGE

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1 (a) Use lines to connect the box on the left to different boxes on the right.

As an example one has been done for you. The sentence reads ‘Human liver cells take in
oxygen by diffusion’.

Draw three more lines to form three more correct sentences.

contain genetic material in the nucleus.

build up starch molecules from glucose molecules.

destroy hormones.

Human liver cells contain chloroplasts.

take in oxygen by diffusion.

carry out cell respiration in the nucleus.

have a cell membrane.

[3]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of the human alimentary canal. The acidity and alkalinity of some of
the parts are also shown.

mouth cavity
(approximately neutral)

stomach
duodenum (acidic)
(alkaline)

Fig. 1.1

During digestion food is broken down by mechanical and chemical processes.

Explain the meaning of the term chemical digestion.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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(c) Fig. 1.2 shows a graph of how the activity of three different enzymes varies with temperature.

A B C

enzyme
activity

0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature / °C

Fig. 1.2

(i) Use information from Fig. 1.2 to decide which curve shows the activity of an enzyme in
the duodenum.

Complete the sentences.

Curve ................................ is from the duodenum because

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Fig. 1.3 shows a graph of how the activity of three different enzymes varies with pH.

E F

D
enzyme
activity

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH

Fig. 1.3

Use information from Fig. 1.1 to decide which curve in Fig. 1.3 shows the activity of an
enzyme in the duodenum of the alimentary canal.

Complete the sentences.

Curve ................................ is from the duodenum because

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(iii) Explain why there is no activity shown by any of the enzymes in Fig. 1.2 at the following
temperatures.

0 °C

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

100 °C

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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2 A student investigates the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric
acid. The reaction produces carbon dioxide.

Fig. 2.1 shows some of the apparatus that the student uses.

calcium
carbonate
dilute
hydrochloric acid

Fig. 2.1

The student measures the volume of carbon dioxide produced every minute for 10 minutes.

(a) Complete Fig. 2.1 to show the labelled apparatus that he uses to measure the volume of
carbon dioxide produced. [2]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the volume of carbon dioxide produced during the investigation.

volume
of
carbon
dioxide

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time / minutes

Fig. 2.2

Describe and explain the change in the rate of the reaction during the first three minutes.

Use ideas about concentration and particle collisions in your answer.

change ......................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
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(c) Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and
calcium carbonate, CaCO3.

........................... + .......................... CaCl2 + ........................... + .......................... [2]

(d) Describe the test for carbon dioxide and the positive result.

test ............................................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) Suggest the names of an acid and of a base that react together to produce magnesium
sulfate.

...................................................................... and .....................................................................

[2]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows an elevator (lift) which takes people to different floors in a tall building. The elevator
travels up the lift shaft pulled by a long rope. There are no people in the elevator, which has
stopped at the bottom floor.

rope

elevator

elevator
W
shaft

Fig. 3.1

(a) The weight W of the empty lift is 5000 N.

(i) On Fig. 3.1 draw an arrow to show the action of the other main force acting on the
elevator while it is stopped. [1]

(ii) State whether the other force is 5000 N or has a different value. Give a reason for your
answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) A man of mass 80 kg enters the elevator on the bottom floor.

Calculate the new value of the total downward force caused by the man entering the
elevator. Show your working.

(g = 10 N / kg)

downward force = ...................................................... N [1]

(b) The elevator moves upwards at an average speed of 2 m / s. It moves 30 m up the elevator
shaft, and stops at the top floor.

(i) Calculate the time taken by the elevator to travel from the bottom floor to the top floor.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula

working

time = ....................................................... s [2]

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(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the man (mass = 80 kg) when the elevator is travelling
at 2 m / s.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula

working

kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]

(iii) Calculate the potential energy gained by the man as he arrives at the top floor.

(g = 10 N / kg)

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

potential energy gained = ....................................................... J [2]

(c) On Fig. 3.2 sketch the shape of the speed-time graph for the journey of the elevator from the
bottom floor to the top floor.

speed

time

Fig. 3.2
[1]
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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a diagram of part of the carbon cycle. The numbers show processes by which
carbon is transferred between compounds in organisms and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

1 5
2
3
plants 4 organisms X

7
6
death
animals

Fig. 4.1

(a) A carbon atom starts off in a molecule of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon is
transferred during process 2 to another molecule in a plant.

(i) Name process 2 and suggest a compound contained in the plant that may contain the
carbon atom.

name of process 2 .............................................................................................................

compound .........................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The carbon atom in the plant compound in (i) is transferred to animals by process 6 and
finally returned to the atmosphere during process 3.

Describe in detail how carbon is transferred from the plants to the atmosphere during
these processes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(b) (i) Organisms X obtain their energy and nutrients from dead organisms and their waste
products.

Identify the organisms X.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe how carbon is transferred from animals to organisms X by process 7.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Carbon and sulfur are contained in fossil fuels. When the fossil fuels are burned these
elements are oxidised to carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. These products are released to
the atmosphere.

(i) Describe how the carbon dioxide released contributes to global warming.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Describe the harmful effects caused by releasing sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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5 (a) Iron is extracted from iron oxide in the blast furnace, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

raw materials including

iron oxide and carbon

hot air
molten slag
molten iron

Fig. 5.1

(i) Some of the iron oxide reacts with carbon to form iron.

Name one other substance that reacts with iron oxide in the blast furnace to form iron.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Deduce the formula of iron oxide containing Fe3+ and O2– ions.

formula ...........................................................[1]

(b) (i) Explain why aluminium cannot be extracted from aluminium oxide in a blast furnace.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the method used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) Copper can be extracted from aqueous copper chloride using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.2.

low voltage
d.c. supply

– +

aqueous copper chloride

Fig. 5.2

(i) Predict the products that form at

the anode, .........................................................................................................................

the cathode. ......................................................................................................................

[1]

(ii) Describe how copper ions, Cu2+, change into copper atoms in this process.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Potassium is a very reactive metal.

Argon is a noble gas.

Potassium does not react with argon.

(i) Suggest one reason why potassium does not react with argon.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State one use of argon.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows a boat sailing near a lighthouse at night. The light from the lighthouse warns
passing boats to beware of dangerous rocks nearby.

Fig. 6.1

(a) The lighthouse has a very bright lamp placed at the principal focus of a converging lens.

Fig. 6.2 shows one ray from the lamp passing through the lens. Two more rays are shown
coming from the same point in the lamp. On Fig. 6.2 complete these rays to show how the
lens produces a narrow parallel beam of light.

Fig. 6.2
[2]

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(b) Fog at sea is caused by water vapour in the air condensing to form tiny water droplets.

Water vapour in the air comes from the evaporation of water in the sea.

Describe how the motion of water molecules, and the forces and distances between them,
change as water evaporates and condenses.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(c) When there is fog at sea, it is difficult for sailors to see the rocks. A fog-horn at the lighthouse
produces a very loud sound to warn sailors about the rocks.

The sound produced by a fog-horn has a frequency of 50 Hz.

Use the formula, v = f λ, to calculate the wavelength of the sound produced.

Speed of sound in air = 330 m / s.

Show your working.

wavelength = ...................................................... m [1]

(d) Climate change across the world is causing the average temperature of sea water to increase.

Explain why this may result in flooding of low-lying areas of land near the sea.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows a diagram of a germinating pea seed. The radicle (young root) is responding to
gravity and it is growing so that it is pointing downwards.

radicle

Fig. 7.1

(a) (i) State two environmental conditions needed for germination to take place.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii) Describe in detail how the action of auxins in the radicle causes the response in Fig. 7.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) (i) Suggest whether the root hairs respond to gravity in a similar way as the radicle in
Fig. 7.1.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why your answer to (b)(i) is an advantage for the survival of the seedling.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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8 (a) Methane, CH4, and butane, C4H10, are both alkanes.

Methane boils at –162 °C. Butane boils at –1 °C.

Explain this difference in terms of molecular size and intermolecular attractive forces.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Ethene, C2H4, is produced by a process that uses long-chain hydrocarbon molecules.

(i) Name this process.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) A catalyst is used in this process.

Describe the change, if any, to the catalyst at the end of this process.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Carbon dioxide is produced during the complete combustion of hydrocarbons.

(i) State the formula of the other product of the complete combustion of hydrocarbons.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding electrons in carbon dioxide.

O C O

[1]

(iii) State the type of chemical bond that forms between oxygen, a non-metal, and sodium, a
metal.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a simple circuit set up to investigate the electrical properties of a lamp.

switch

cell

+ meter X

lamp

Fig. 9.1

(a) On Fig. 9.2 use the correct circuit symbols to complete the circuit diagram for the circuit
shown in Fig. 9.1.

Fig. 9.2
[2]

(b) The lamp in Fig. 9.1 has a filament made of a long length of very thin wire.

The lamp is replaced in the circuit in Fig. 9.1 by another lamp with a filament wire of half the
length but the same diameter.

Predict the effect on the meter reading.

Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) The voltage across the lamp is 1.5 V, and the current through the lamp is 0.6 A.

(i) Use the equation P = I V to calculate the power consumption when the lamp is lit.

Show your working and give the unit of your answer.

power = .............................................. unit ............................ [2]

(ii) The cell transfers a total of 540 J of energy to the lamp before the cell runs down and the
lamp goes out.

Calculate the time for which the cell will keep the lamp lit.

State any formula you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer.

formula

working

time = .............................................. unit ............................ [2]

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 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2017
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

the live examination series.

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0653/42/F/M/17
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)

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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International