2

Removal of 1,2-dichloroethane from industrial wastewater with membrane

filtration

A.R. Yazdanbakhsh*1, N. Jaafarzadeh2, Sh. Hematian3, A. Sheikhmohammadi4

1- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Professor, Environmental Technologies Research Center , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ,Ahvaz,
Iran
3- MSc, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz Science and Research branch
4- Ph.D Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: 1,2-dichloroetane [ethylene dichloride (EDC)] is a chlorinated hydrocarbon which
is widely used to produce vinyl chloride. The later is the major precursor to PVC production. Wastewater
originating from EDC production is characterized by high turbidity and contains ethylene dichloride and
FeCl3 particles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the treatability of EDC effluent using
membrane filtration.
Materials and Methods: Laboratory scale experiments were carried out on Abadan petrochemical complex
wastewater (EDC unit) with various membrane filtration processes that combine microfiltration with
nanofiltration. Microfiltration membrane was used as a pretreatment to remove turbidity as well as FeCl3 fine
particles, which may subsequently damage nanofiltration system. The microfiltration effluent was thereafter
fed to a nanofiltration membrane cell. The filtration performance was assessed through turbidity, TDS, COD
and 1,2-dichloroetane removals. pH, temperature and system pressure were also controlled during the study.
Results: Successful removal of turbidity (97.5%) and FeCl3 particles (98%) was achieved by microfiltration.
EDC concentration in raw effluent was ranged between 2,000 to 3,000 ppm. The nanofiltration membrane
cell followed by microfiltration achieved a very high 1,2-dichloroetane removal (96.7) from water. The
experimental results indeed showed that the permeate was consisted mainly of water, which asserts that
1,2-dichloroetane was separated in waste phase.
Conclusion: The results obtained provide further support for previous researches into this brain area and
support the application of membrane technology to remove and recovery of soluble organic compounds from
petrochemical wastewater.

Key words: Petrochemical wastewater, 1,2-dichloroetane, Membrane filtration, Nanofiltration, Microfiltration

*Corresponding Author:
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tel: +982122432040
Email: yazdanbakhsh@sbmu.ac.ir

Received: 24 November 2014

Accepted: 20 April 2015
 ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ ـ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ‪ ،2‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،3‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﺰ ‪ ،1393‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ 8‬ﺗﺎ ‪15‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻰ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﺒﺨﺶ*‪ ،1‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،2‬ﺷﻬﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺘﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،3‬ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻯ‬

‫‪ 1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ 3‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ 4‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ )‪ (EDC‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻭﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ(‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪ FeCl3‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻰ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪ FeCl3‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺸﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ )‪ ،(NF‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫)‪ (MF‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ‪ ،TDS، COD ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪ pH‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ‪ NF‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٪97/5‬ﻭ ‪ ٪98‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 2000 ppm‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3000‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ )‪ (MF‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ )‪ ،(NF‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٪96/7‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪1،‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﻭﺍﺗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫*ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻳﻦ‪،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻔﻜﺲ‪021-22432043 :‬‬

‫‪Email: yazdanbakhsh@sbmu.ac.ir‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪1393/09/03 :‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪1394/02/20 :‬‬
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‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ )‪(EDC‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻴﻬﺎ( ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻩ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ .[9-6‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ ﻭﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻤﺰ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻭﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻓﺴﻮﺭ ‪ Yuster.T.S‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫)‪ (PVC‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ،80‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻏﺸﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻰ ﺁﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ]‪ .[1‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻯ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ژﺍﭘﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪500‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻣﻼﺡ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 40000‬ﺗﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[2‬ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻰ ﺳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺳﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 8/7‬ﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫]‪ .[12-10‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ .[3‬ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ ،EDC‬ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ EDC‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺁﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ EDC‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -1‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ‪1‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﻭ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫‪C2H4Cl2‬‬ ‫§€»‪µÂ‬‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻟﻰ ﺳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬
‫‪99‬‬ ‫‪ʷ°·Â» ¹€m‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ]‪ .[4،5‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻪﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ )ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫‪|ËY€¸¯ ¾eY -|ËY€¸¯ É{ ¾¸ÌeY‬‬ ‫‪€´Ë{ Ê»Z‡Y‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫»‪¹€§Á€¸¯ ÄÌ^‹ ºËÔ» ÊËÂ] Z] Á ²¿ ½Á|] Á žËZ‬‬ ‫‪d·Zu‬‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻭ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫‪\ °» €f» Êf¿Z‡ €] ¹€³ 1/25‬‬ ‫{‪Äf̈¿Y‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ‬
‫‪€fÌ· €] ¹€³8/7‬‬ ‫‪[M { dÌ·Ôu‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪{Y€³ Êf¿Z‡ Äm{ 83/7‬‬ ‫¿¬˜‪‰Âm Ä‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫‪{Y€³ Êf¿Z‡ Äm{ -35/5‬‬ ‫¿¬˜‪{Z¼n¿Y Ä‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺪﻭﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻯ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻏﺸﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ÃÂÌm €f¼Ì¸Ì» 67‬‬ ‫§Œ‪Zz] Z‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
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‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ‪ ،pH ،TSS ،COD ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻦ ﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ ،EDC‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬

‫‹€¯‪d‬‬ ‫»‪º¼Ë‚¯Z‬‬ ‫»‪Äm{ º¼Ë‚¯Z‬‬ ‫»‪Ã{Á|v‬‬ ‫»ˆ‪duZ‬‬ ‫{|‬ ‫‪~§ZÀ» ÁY|¿Y‬‬
‫‪†Àm‬‬
‫‡‪Ã|¿Z‬‬ ‫§Œ‪Z] Z‬‬ ‫‪º ccY€u‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫»‪ž]€»€f‬‬ ‫‪¶z¸ze‬‬ ‫‪μm‬‬
‫§‪ɀÌ‬‬ ‫‪Ze 0/5‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪0/06‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‡€‪Ê°Ì»Y‬‬
‫‪½Zfˆ¸´¿Y‬‬ ‫‪13/5‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺰء ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺑﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺑﻰ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ) ‪ V2‬ﻭ ‪ (V3‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻯ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻦ‪،COD ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺷﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ pH ،TDS‬ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻏﺸﺎء ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪ -1‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ )‪( MF‬‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪ -3‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪Ž·Zy [M ½Zˀm‬‬
‫‹€¯‪Ã|¿Z‡ d‬‬ ‫»ˆ‪( m2) duZ‬‬ ‫»‪º C cY€u Äm{ º¼Ë‚¯Z‬‬ ‫»‪pH Ã{Á|v‬‬ ‫‪LZŒ£ †Àm‬‬
‫)‪(l/m2h‬‬
‫¿|‪½Z¼·M €Ë‬‬ ‫‪0/04‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪40-70‬‬ ‫‪0-14‬‬ ‫‪½Â§Â·Â‡ €eY ʸa ®Ì¸Ì§Á|ÌÅ‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬﻑ ‪ EDC‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ MF‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪3‬‬
‫ﻭﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،2‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ‪P1=3 kg/cm2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪ P2=2 kg/cm2 ،‬ﻭ ‪ P3= 0,85 kg/cm2‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻏﺸﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ‪125 psi‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﺸﺎء‬ ‫‪ 170‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﮔﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ MF‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ 1‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺑﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻞ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻯ‬
‫   
‬
‫‬
‫
‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
‫‪ Am‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﺸﺎء‪ t ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻭ ‪ V‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻛﺲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪-2‬ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 20‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ )‪(FeCl3‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ‪P2=1.8 kg/cm2 ، P1=2.8 kg/cm2‬‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ ، P3=0.9 kg/cm2‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
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‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (4‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ‪ ،P = 94±1 psi‬ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﭘﺴﺎﺏﺣﺎﻭﻯﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦﺩﻯﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪﺩﺭﻏﺸﺎءﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،3‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 4‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ MF‬ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‬
‫ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪ ،P=94±1 psi‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ‪ 2-3‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻼﻳﻤﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ،90 psi‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺪﻛﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ٌﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ] ‪ .[13‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ‪ EDC‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻼﻳﻢﺗﺮﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﻯ ‪ GC‬ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ‪ Varian‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪5‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ‪ EDC‬ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -4‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪EDC‬‬
‫‪Turbidity‬‬ ‫‪TSS‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪COD‬‬ ‫‪Oil‬‬ ‫‪Cl-‬‬ ‫‪Total Fe‬‬ ‫‪EC‬‬ ‫‪EDC‬‬ ‫»Œ‪Đz‬‬
‫)‪(NTU‬‬ ‫‪mg/L‬‬ ‫‪mg/L‬‬ ‫‪mg/L‬‬ ‫‪mg/L‬‬ ‫‪mg/L‬‬ ‫)‪(μ.S/cm‬‬ ‫‪mg/L‬‬
‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪57/6‬‬ ‫‪12/7‬‬ ‫‪1984‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪1840‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪19645‬‬ ‫‪2480‬‬ ‫¿‪lËZf‬‬

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‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪-4‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪-3‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -5‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪pH‬‬ ‫)‪Turbidity (NTU‬‬ ‫)‪TDS(mg/l‬‬ ‫)‪EDC(mg/l‬‬ ‫)‪Fe(mg/l‬‬ ‫)‪COD(mg/l‬‬ ‫‪Ã|‹ ɀ̳ ÁY|¿Y É Zŀf»YZa‬‬

‫‪12/6‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪12664‬‬ ‫‪2481‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪1984‬‬ ‫¿‪MF Y ¶^« lËZf‬‬

‫‪12/4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪11120‬‬ ‫‪2290‬‬ ‫‪0/45‬‬ ‫‪1820‬‬ ‫¿‪MF Y | ] lËZf‬‬
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‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -6‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ‪ EDC‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ‪NF‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -5‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ‪NF‬‬
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‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫

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‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫
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‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫
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‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ‪ 3‬ﻭ ‪ ،4‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫
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‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫
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‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻼﻳﻤﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫
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‫ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫
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‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -7‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻼﻳﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ NF‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ EDC‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 5‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ NF/RO‬ﺭﺍ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ]‪.[17-14‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 6‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 98/1‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪) EDC‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ (MF‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ 97/5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺯﻳﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻮﻧﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﻴﺎء ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 7‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﺯﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ EDC‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 2480 ppm‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 5‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،7‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪ 6‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻏﺸﺎء ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﻓﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ﺁﺏ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻼﻳﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ‪ EDC‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 90-98 psi‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ٌﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 7‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ‪ 80-85 ppm‬ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ‪ 7650 ppm‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ -‬ﻏﺸﺎء ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ ،EDC‬ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﻯ‬
‫‪ EDC‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ pH‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ ]‪ .[20-18‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪ 80 ppm) EDC‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،(85‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 90 psi‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 98‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 90-98 psi‬ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪ EDC‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪80-85 ppm‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ 60 ppm ،‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺸﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 90 psi‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،98‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻛﺲ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 96/7‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ EDC‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ‪ EDC‬ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ‪ EDC‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﺣﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ؛ ﺁﻗﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺣﺎﺝ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺴﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‪REFERENCES‬‬
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