NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

SEMESTER: VI

Periods/week Examination Scheme Credits

S. Total
BoS Sub Code Subject Name F S T.C. ES L+(T+P)/
No L T P TA Marks
E E A. E 2
1 ETC ET2063X Elective-2 3 1 - 20 15 15 50 70 120 4

2 Data communication and 3 1 - 20 15 15 50 70 120 4

ETC ET20611 networking
3 ETC ET20612 Digital system design 3 1 - 20 15 15 50 70 120 4
4 ETC ET20613 Wireless communication 3 1 - 20 15 15 50 70 120 4
5 ETC ET20614 VLSI and microelectronics 3 1 - 20 15 15 50 70 120 4
6 ETC ET20615 Microwave and radar engineering 4 1 - 20 15 15 50 70 120 5
VLSI and digital system design
7 - - 3 30 - - 30 20 50 2
ETC ET20621 lab
Microcontroller and embedded
8 system lab - - 3 30 - - 30 20 50 2
ETC ET20622
9 ETC ET20623 Microwave and RF lab - - 3 30 - - 30 20 50 2
10 EN I & E Skill - - 2 25 - - 25 0 25 1
11 Discipline - - - 25 - - 25 0 25 1
Total 19 6 11 260 90 90 440 480 920 33

ELECTIVE 2
S. Sub.
BoS Subject Name
No Code
Optoelectronic devices and
1
ETC ET20631 circuits
2 ETC ET20632 Advanced Microprocessors
3 ETC ET20633 Neural networks and fuzzy logic.
Industrial Instrumentation &
4
ETC ET20634 automation
5 ETC ET20635 Adaptive Signal Processing
6 ETC ET20636 Consumer Electronics

6-1
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20611

Subject: Data Communication and Networking
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET: Network edge, end systems, clients, servers, connectionless and
connection oriented services, Network code, Access networks, ISPs and internet backbone, Delay and
loss in packet switched network. LAYERED ARCHITECTURE: Protocols services and layering, OSI
reference model, overview of TCP/IP, Berkeley API, Introductory socket programming in C, Application
layer protocols and TCP/IP utilities.

UNIT II
DATA LINK LAYER: Peer-to-peer protocols and service models, ARQ protocols and reliable data
transfer service, stop-and wait, go-back-N, selective repeat, sliding window flow control, timing recovery
for synchronous service, TCP reliable stream service and flow control. Data link controls: Framing,
HDLC data link control, link sharing using packet multiplexers.

UNIT III
MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL: Random access, ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA CD,
Scheduling approaches to medium access control, reservation systems, polling, token-passing rings,
comparisons, Delay performance of MAC: Performance of channelization with bursty traffic,
performance of polling and token ring, random access and CSMACD. Local area networks: LAN
protocols, Ethernet, token ring, wireless LAN and IEEE 802.11 standard.

UNIT IV
PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS: Packet network topology, datagrams and virtual circuit, routing in
packet networks, Shortest-path routing, ATM networks, traffic management at packet level, traffic
management at flow level, traffic management at the flow-aggregate level.

UNIT V
TCP/IP: Architecture and protocol, IP packet, addressing, subnet, IP routing, CIDR, address resolution,
reverse address resolution, fragmentation and reassembly, ICMP, IPv6, UDP, Transmission control
protocol, internet routing protocols, multicast routing, DHCP, NAT and mobile IP.

Text Book:
1. Communication Networks, 2 ed., A Leon-Garcia, I Widjaja, McGraw Hill Education India.
2. Computer Networking: A top down approach, 5 ed., J F Kurose, K W Ross, Pearson Education.
3. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.

Reference Books:
1. Data Networks, 2 ed, D P Bertsekas, R G Gallagar, Prentice Hall.
2. Analysis of Computer and Communication Networks, F Gebali, Springer 2008.

6-2
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20612

Subject: Digital System Design
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN: Device technologies, Overview of PLDs, CPLD,
FPGA, System representation, Levels of abstraction, Development tasks and EDA software, Development
flow, Hardware description language, VHDL in development flow, Basic VHDL concepts.

UNIT II
BASIC LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTS OF VHDL: Skeleton of VHDL program, Lexical elements and
program format, Objects, Data type and operators, Concurrent Signal Assignment: Combinational versus
sequential circuits, Signal assignment statements, conditional signal assignment, Selected signal
assignment, Conditional versus selected signal assignment statements, Synthesis guidelines, Important
sequential statements of VHDL.

UNIT III
SYNTHESIS OF VHDL CODE: Fundamental limitation of EDA software, Realization of VHDL
operators, Realization of data types, VHDL synthesis flow, Timing considerations, Combinational Circuit
Design Principles: Derivation of efficient HDL description, Operator sharing, Functionality sharing,
Layout-related circuits.

UNIT IV
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN: Synchronous circuits, Inference of basic memory elements, Timing
analysis, Poor design practices and remedies, counters, Registers as temporary storage, Pipelined design,
Synthesis guidelines.

UNIT V
FINITE STATE MACHINE: Overview of FSM, FSM representation, Timing and performance of FSM,
Moore machine versus Mealy machine, VHDL representation of an FSM, State assignment, Moore output
buffering, Some FSM design examples – edge detection circuit, arbiter, DRAM strobe generation, FSM
based binary counter.

Text Books:
1. Principles of Digital System Design using VHDL, C H Roth, L K John, Cengage Learning, New
Delhi, 1998.
2. Switching & Finite Automata Theory, Zvi Kolavi, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design, S Brown, Z Vranesis, Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi 2003.
4. RTL Hardware Design using VHDL, Pong P Chu, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2006.

6-3
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20613

Subject: Wireless Communication
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
PATH LOSS AND SHADOWING: Radio Wave Propagation, Transmit and Receive Signal Models,
Free-Space Path Loss, Ray Tracing, Two-Ray Model, The Okumura Model, Hata Model, Shadow Fading.
STATISTICAL MULTIPATH CHANNEL MODELS: Time-Varying Channel Impulse Response,
Narrowband Fading Models, Autocorrelation, Cross Correlation, and Power Spectral Density, Envelope
and Power Distributions, Level Crossing Rate and Average Fade Duration, Wideband Fading Models,
Power Delay Profile, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Power Spectrum and Channel Coherence Time.

UNIT II
CAPACITY OFWIRELESS CHANNELS: Capacity in AWGN, Capacity of Flat-Fading Channels,
Channel and System Model, Channel Distribution Information (CDI) Known, Channel Side Information
at Receiver, Channel Side Information at Transmitter and Receiver, Capacity with Receiver Diversity,
Capacity Comparisons, Capacity of Frequency-Selective Fading Channels, Time-Invariant Channels,
Time-Varying Channels.

UNIT III
Equalizer Noise Enhancement, Equalizer Types, Folded Spectrum and ISI-Free Transmission, Linear
Equalizers, Zero Forcing (ZF) Equalizers, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Equalizer, Maximum
Likelihood Sequence Estimation, Decision-Feedback Equalization, Other commonly used Equalization
Methods, Adaptive Equalizers: Training and Tracking.

UNIT IV
SPREAD SPECTRUM: Spread Spectrum Principles, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), DSSS
System Model, Spreading Codes for ISI Rejection: Random, Pseudorandom, and m-Sequences,
Synchronization, RAKE receivers, Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), Multiuser DSSS
Systems, Spreading Codes for Multiuser DSSS, Downlink Channels, Uplink Channels, Multiuser
Detection, Multicarrier CDMA, Multiuser FHSS Systems.

UNIT V
MULTICARRIER MODULATION: Data Transmission using Multiple Carriers, Multicarrier Modulation
with Overlapping Sub-channels, Mitigation of Subcarrier Fading, Coding with Interleaving over Time
and Frequency, Frequency Equalization, Precoding, Adaptive Loading, Discrete Implementation of
Multicarrier, DFT and its Properties, Cyclic Prefix, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM), Matrix Representation of OFDM, Vector Coding, Challenges in Multicarrier Systems, Case
Study: The IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN Standard.

Text books:
1. Wireless communication, A Goldsmith, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
2. Wireless communication, T S Rappaport, PHI, New Delhi.

6-4
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20614

Subject: VLSI and Microelectronics
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Introduction, Trends & Projections in VLSI Circuits, Flow diagram of VLSI Circuit, Design and VLSI
Design issues. Stick Diagrams; Physical Design Rules; Layout Designing; Euler’s Rule for VLSI Physical
Design.

UNIT II
MOSFET fundamentals, Enhancement Mode MOSFETs, Depletion Mode MOSFETs, Weak & strong
Inversion Conditions, Threshold Voltage Concept in MOSFETs, IV Characteristics of a MOSFET,
Limitations in IV Model and MOSFET capacitiance.

UNIT III
Basic VLSI Design Styles-NMOS, CMOS Process flow; Noise Margin; Inverter Threshold Voltage;
NMOS Inverter design and characteristics; CMOS Inverter Design and Properties; CMOS transmission
gates, Delay, Power Dissipation and scaling in CMOS circuits.

UNIT IV
Parallel & Series Equivalent circuits; Static CMOS Circuit Design: case study; VLSI Interconnects. High
Speed Dynamic CMOS logic families; Precharge-Evaluate logic; Dynamic CMOS logic circuits,
cascading , charge sharing and clock distribution.

UNIT V
Memory / Regular Structure Design; ROM Design, SRAM and DRAM Design.

Text Books
1. CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits-Analysis & Design, S.M. Kang & Y. Leblibici, TMH, Ed.
2003.
2. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective, N.H.E. Weste & K. Eshraghian,
Pearson Education India, 2004.

Reference Books
1. Digital Integrated Circuits-A Design Perspective, J.M. Rabaey, PHI.
2. Introduction to VLSI, K. Eshraghian & Pucknell, PHI.

6-5
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20615

Subject: Microwave and Radar Engineering
Credits: 5
Total Theory Periods: 40 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Microwave Components: Rectangular cavity resonators; Q of a cavity resonator; Re-entrant cavities;
Slow-wave structure; Microwave hybrid circuits; S-parameters and their properties; Waveguide tees ;
Hybrid ring; Waveguide corners bends and twists; Two hole directional coupler; S- Matrix; Circulators
and Isolators; Hybrid couplers.

UNIT – II
Microwave Linear Beam and Crossed-Field Tubes: Failure of conventional tube at high frequency;
Klystron-Velocity modulation; Bunching; output power and loading; Reflex klystron-Velocity
modulation; power output and efficiency and electronic admittance; Helix travelling wave tubes;
amplification process; Conventional current; Electric field wave modes; Basic principle of coupled
cavity; Magnetron-Types and Principles of operation; Modes of oscillation; Strapping; pi-mode
separation.

UNIT – III
Microwave Devices: Transistors, Tunnel Diodes and Microwave FETs: Structure; Operation;
Characteristics and Power frequency limitations of microwave transistors; Tunnel diodes and Field-Effect
Transistors. Transfer Electron Devices: Gunn diode; Gunn effect; Principle and Mode of operation;
Microwave generation and amplification Tunnel Diode; PIN diode and Crystal diode. Modulator;
Switches, Avalanche Transit- Time Devices: Physical Structure; Principle of operation; Characteristics;
Power output and Efficiency of IMPATT, TRAPATT and BARITT diodes; Parametric amplifiers.

UNIT – IV
Microwave Measurement: Microwave bench; Precautions; Power measurement; Bolometric method;
Attenuation; VSWR; Impedance, Frequency and Q of the Cavity.

UNIT – V
Principles and Applications of Radar: Basic Radar, Radar Block Diagram, Radar Frequencies,
Applications of Radar, Radar Range Equation, MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction to Doppler
and MTI Radar, delay line cancellers, staggered PRF. Range gated Doppler filter, limitations to MTI
performance. Tracking with Radar, Monopulse Tracking, Conical Scan and Sequential Lobing,
Limitations to Tracking Accuracy, Low Angle Tracking, Tracking in range, Comparison of Trackers.

Text Books:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits by Samuel Y. Liao, 3rd Ed., Pearson Education.
2. Foundations of Microwave Engineering by R .E. Collin, TMH Pub.
3. Introduction to Radar Systems by M.I Skolnik, TMH Pub. Co.

Reference Books:
1. Microwave Principles by Reich.
2. Microwaves, Gupta, New Age International Publishers.
3. Microwave and Radar Engg., M. Kulkarni, Umesh Publication.

6-6
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20621

Subject: VLSI and Digital System Design Laboratory
Credits: 2

Lab assignments based on ET20612 Digital System Design and ET20614 VLSI and Microelectronics.

Semester: 6 Code: ET20622

Subject: Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Laboratory
Credits: 2

Lab assignments based on ET20514 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems.

Semester: 6 Code: ET20623

Subject: Microwave and RF Laboratory
Credits: 2

Lab assignments based on ET20615 Microwave and Radar Engineering.

6-7
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20631

Subject: Optoelectronic Devices and Circuits
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Optical processes in semiconductors – electron hole recombination, absorption, Franz-Keldysh effect,
Stark effect, quantum confined Stark effect, deep level transitions, Auger recombination (10 hours)

UNIT II
Lasers – threshold condition for lasing, line broadening mechanisms, axial and transverse laser modes,
heterojunction lasers, distributed feedback lasers, quantum well lasers, tunneling based lasers, modulation
of lasers. (8 hours)

UNIT III
Optical detection – PIN, APD, modulated barrier photodiode, Schottky barrier photodiode, wavelength
selective detection, microcavity photodiodes. (8 hours)

UNIT IV
Optoelectronic modulation - Franz-Keldysh and Stark effect modulators, quantum well electro-absorption
modulators, electro-optic modulators, quadratic electro-optic effect quantum well modulators, optical
switching and logic devices (8 hours)

UNIT V
Optoelectronic ICs – hybrid and monolithic integration, materials and processing, integrated transmitters
and receivers, guided wave devices (8 hours)

Text Books:
nd
1. Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Pallab Bhattacharya, 2 Ed; Pearson Education, 2002
th
2. Photonics: Optical Electronics in modern communication, Amnon Yariv & Pochi Yeh, 6 Ed;
Oxford Univ. Press, 2006
3. Fundamentals of Photonics, B E Saleh and M C Teich, Wiley-Interscience; 1991

6-8
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20632

Subject: Advanced Microprocessors
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
ADVANCED MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE: Internal Microprocessor Architecture-Real
mode memory addressing – Protected Mode Memory addressing –Memory paging - Data addressing
modes – Program memory addressing modes – Stack memory addressing modes- Data movement
instructions – Program control instructions- Arithmetic and Logic Instructions.

UNIT II
INTRODUCTION TO INTEL 80286, 80386 & 80486: Introduction to 80286, Intel 80386
Microprocessor, Architecture, Pins & Signals, Memory System Registers, 80386 Memory Management,
Paging Technique, Protected Mode Operation, brief introduction to 80387 Math Coprocessor. Intel
80486.

UNIT III
PENTIUM PROCESSORS: Introduction to Pentium Microprocessor – Special Pentium registers- Branch
Prediction Logic, Floating Point Module, Cache Structure, and Superscalar Architecture. Pentium
memory management – New Pentium Instructions –Pentium Processor –Special Pentium pro features –
Pentium 4 processor.

UNIT IV
16-BIT MICRO CONTROLLERS: 8096/8097 Architecture-CPU registers –RALU-Internal Program and
Data memory Timers-High speed Input and Output –Serial Interface-I/O ports –Interrupts –A/D
converter- Watch dog timer –Power down feature –Instruction set- External memory Interfacing –
External I/O interfacing.

UNIT V
RISC PROCESSORS AND ARM: The RISC revolution – Characteristics of RISC Architecture – The
Berkeley RISC – Register Windows – Windows and parameter passing – Window overflow – RISC
architecture and pipelining – Pipeline bubbles – Accessing external memory in RISC systems – Reducing
the branch penalties – Branch prediction – The ARM processors – ARM registers – ARM instructions –
The ARM built-in shift mechanism – ARM branch instructions – sequence control – Data movement and
memory reference instructions.

Text Books:
1. The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro
Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, Architecture, Programming and interfacing, Barry
B.Brey, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Design with Microcontroller, John Peatman, McGraw Hill Publishing Co Ltd, New Delhi.
3. The principles of computer Hardware, Alan Clements, Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition, 2003.

Reference Books:
1. The concepts and feature of micro controllers 68HC11, 8051 and 8096, Rajkamal, S Chand
Publishers, New Delhi.

6-9
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20633

Subject: Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Introduction to ANS Technology: Elementary Neurophysiology, Models of a Neuron, Neural Networks
viewed as directed graphs, Feedback, from neurons to ANS, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks.

UNIT II
Learning and Training: Hebbian, Memory based, Competitive, Error-Correction Learning, Credit
Assignment. Problem: Supervised and Unsupervised learning, Memory models, Recall and Adaptation.
Network Architectures, Single-layered Feed-forward Networks, Multi-layered Feedforward Networks,
Recurrent Networks, Topologies.

UNIT III
Algoritms for ANN: Activation and Synaptic Dynamics, Stability and Convergence. A Survey of Neural
Network Models : Single-layered Perceptron – least mean square algorithm, Multi-layered Perceptrons –
Back propagation Algorithm, XOR – Problem, The generalized Delta rule, BPN Applications, Adalines
and Madalines – Algorithm and applications.

UNIT IV
Radial basis functions, introduction to neural network signal processing , pattern detection , character
recognition, Signal processing using multilayer perceptron, structure of multilayer perceptron, training the
MLP.

UNIT V
Adaptive Fuzzy Systems: Introduction to Fuzzy sets and operations, Examples of Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy
Associative memories, Fuzziness in neural networks, Comparison of Fuzzy and neural Truck-Backer
upper control systems.

Text Books:
1. Neural Network: A Comprehensive Foundation, Haykin, Pearson Education.
2. Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft-Computing – A computational approach to learning and machine
intelligence; Jang, Sun and Mizutani; Prentice Hall of India.

Reference Books:
1. Neural Networks, Freeman, Pearson Education
2. Fundamentals of Artificial Neural Networks, Hassoun, PHI.
3. Artificial Neural Networks by B. Yagna Narayan, PHI.

6-10
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20634

Subject: Industrial Instrumentation & Automation
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Instrument Characteristics: Transducer performance characteristics, Generalized performance of systems,
Static terms and characteristics, Dynamic terms and characteristics, standard test inputs, zero, first and
second order instruments and their responses, Higher order systems, calibration and standards, process of
calibration, standards for calibration.

UNIT II
Pressure Measurement: Terminology, Units; Manometers – Piezometer, U-Tube Double Column
Manometer, Single Column Manometer, U-Tube Differential Ma nometer; Advantages and Limitations;
Bourdan Gauge; ring balance manometer, bell type pressure gauges, elastic pressure transducers, low
pressure gauges, Dead Weight Piston Gauge, Servo Operated Manometer, Feedback Pneumatic Load
Cell.

UNIT III
Temperature Measurement: Types of temperature measuring instruments; Liquid-in-glass thermometers;
Bimetallic Thermometers; Thermocouples, Laws of thermocouples, Elements of thermoelectric
pyrometers, Resistance thermometers; Thermistors; Radiation and Optical Pyrometers, Temperature
Balance Systems, Heat Flow Balance Systems.

UNIT IV
Flow Measurement: Classification of flow measurement techniques, variable head meters and related
theory for incompressible fluids, Nozzle, Orifice, Venturi, Pitot Tube, Anemometers, Turbine Meter,
Current Meter, Electromagnetic Flow Meter, Ultrasonic Flow Meter, Variable Area Meters, Variable
Head and Area Meters, Quantity Meters, Servo Operated Electromagnetic Flow Meter.

UNIT V
Introduction to Process Control: Control Systems; Proce ss control principles; Servomechanisms; Process
Control Block Diagram; Process control system evaluation, Analog and Digital Processing, Time
Response. Final Control: Final Control Operation; Signal Conversions; Actuators; Control Elements,
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Control Systems.

Text Books:
1. Transducers and Instrumentation; Murty, D.V.S.; PHI, 10th print 2003
2. Process Control Instrumentation Technology; Johnson, C.; PHI, 4 th Edition

Reference Books:
1. Sensors and Transducers; Patranabis, D.; PHI, 2nd Edition
2. Industrial Control & Instrumentation, W. Bolton, University Press.
3. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation: Oliver and Cage: TMH.
4. Electronic Instrumentation, H.S. Kalsi, 2 nd Ed., TMH.
5. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements; Jain, R.K.; Khanna Publ., 2000

6-11
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20635

Subject: Adaptive Signal Processing
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Introduction: Definition and characteristics, general properties,open and closed loop adaptation, Adaptive
Linear Combiner: General description, input signal and Weight vectors, desired response and error
performance function, gradient and minimum mean square, alternative definition of gradient,
decorelection of error and input components.

UNIT II
Theory of Adaptation with Stationary Signals: Input correlation matrix, Eigen values and eigenvectors of
the correlation matrix,and their geometrical significance. Basic ideas of gradient search methods, gradient
search by Newton’s method and method of steepest descent

UNIT III
Gradient component estimation by derivative measurement, effects of gradient noise on weight vector
solution, excess MSE, time constant and misadjustment , performance comparison of Newton and S.D.
methods.

UNIT IV
Adaptive Algorithms: Least mean square algorithm, convergence, learning curve noise in Weight vector
misadjustmentand performances of LMS algorithms, sequential regression algorithm, adaptive recursive
LMS algorithm, random search algorithm.

UNIT V
An ideal : The LMS / Newton Algorithm, properties of the LMS / Newton Algorithm, the sequential
regression algorithm , adaptive recursive filters random search algorithm , lattice structures, the adaptive
lattice predictor, adaptive filters with orthogonal signals

Text Book:
1. Adaptive signal processing, Bernard Widrow, Samuel D. Stearns.

6-12
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Semester: 6 Code: ET20636

Subject: Consumer Electronics
Credits: 4
Total Theory Periods: 30 Total Tutorial Periods: 10

UNIT I
Microphones: construction, working principles and applications of microphones, their types viz- Carbon,
moving coil, velocity, crystal, condenser, cordless etc. Loud Speaker: Direct radiating, horn loaded
woofer, tweeter, mid range, multi-speaker system, baffles and enclosures, Sound recording on magnetic
tape, its principles, block diagram, and tape transport mechanism Digital sound recording on tape and
disc, CD system Hi-Fi system, pre-amplifier, amplifier and equalizer system, stereo amplifiers.

UNIT II
Monochrome TV Communication: Elements of TV communication system. Scanning- its need for picture
transmission. Need for synchronizing and blanking pulses. Progressive scanning- Gross structure filters,
interlaced scanning, resolution and band width requirement, tonal gradation. Composite Video signal
(CVS) at the end of even and odd fields. equalizing pulses and their need Monochrome picture tube –
construction and working, comparison of magnetic and electric deflection of beam. Construction and
working of camera tube: vidicon and plumbicon, Block diagram of TV camera and the transmitter chain.

UNIT III
Block diagram of a TV receiver: function of each block and waveform at the input and output of each
block. Frequency range of various VHF bands and channels used in India. Major specification of the
CCIR. Concept of positive and negative modulation VSB Transmission
Turner. Typical circuits of scanning and EHT stages of TV receiver, keyed AGC, function and location of
brightness contrast V-hold, H-hold of centering control. Identification of faulty stage by analyzing the
symptoms and basic idea of a few important faults and there remedies, Colour Schemes, Introduction to
PAL, NTSC, SECAM systems, Block diagram of PAL TV receiver, explanation and working.

UNIT IV
Colour TV: Primary colours, tristimulus values, trichromatic coefficients, concepts of additive and
subtracting mixing of colours, concepts of luminance, Hue and Saturation, Representation of a colour in
colour triangle, non spectral colour, visibility curve, Compatibility of colour TV system with
monochrome system. Block diagram of colour TV camera, Basic colour TV system-NTSC, SECAM, and
PAL their advantages and disadvantages. Construction and working principles of trinitron and PIL types
of colour picture tubes. Concept of convergence, purity, beam shifting, Need for luminance signal and
band sharing by colour signals, subcarriers frequency, colour difference signal and its need, synchronous
quadratic modulation and representation of a colour by a vector, burst signal and its need, chrominance
signal. Block diagram of PAL TV receiver, explanation and working

UNIT V
Cable Television: Block diagram and principles of working of cable TV and DTH, cable TV using
internet. VCR, VCD and DVD: Principle of video recording on magnetic tapes, block diagram of VCR,
VHS tape transport mechanism. Video Camera: Study of VCD and DVD.

Text Books
1. Colour Television-principles & practice R.R Gulati by Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi
2. Colour Television & Video Technology by A.K. Maini CSB Publishers
3. VCR-principles, maintenance & repair by S.P. Sharma, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi
(14.11.13sm)

6-13