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    18.3 Alternating Current Through A Capacitor PDF

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    Az MY
    1. A capacitor stores electric charge and energy in its electric field when connected to an alternating current (AC) supply. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 2. The power in a capacitor circuit varies with time, being positive when energy is supplied to the capacitor and negative when energy is returned to the voltage supply. Over a full cycle the net energy dissipated is zero since the same amount of energy stored is returned. 3. As frequency approaches zero, the capacitive reactance increases without limit, causing the current to approach zero. This is because at direct current the capacitor acts as an open circuit.

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    18.3 Alternating Current Through A Capacitor PDF

    Uploaded by

    Az MY
    834 views6 pages
    1. A capacitor stores electric charge and energy in its electric field when connected to an alternating current (AC) supply. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 2. The power in a capacitor circuit varies with time, being positive when energy is supplied to the capacitor and negative when energy is returned to the voltage supply. Over a full cycle the net energy dissipated is zero since the same amount of energy stored is returned. 3. As frequency approaches zero, the capacitive reactance increases without limit, causing the current to approach zero. This is because at direct current the capacitor acts as an open circuit.

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    1. A capacitor stores electric charge and energy in its electric field when connected to an alternating current (AC) supply. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 2. The power in a capacitor circuit varies with time, being positive when energy is supplied to the capacitor and negative when energy is returned to the voltage supply. Over a full cycle the net energy dissipated is zero since the same amount of energy stored is returned. 3. As frequency approaches zero, the capacitive reactance increases without limit, causing the current to approach zero. This is because at direct current the capacitor acts as an open circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    834 views6 pages

    18.3 Alternating Current Through A Capacitor PDF

    Uploaded by

    Az MY
    1. A capacitor stores electric charge and energy in its electric field when connected to an alternating current (AC) supply. The current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 2. The power in a capacitor circuit varies with time, being positive when energy is supplied to the capacitor and negative when energy is returned to the voltage supply. Over a full cycle the net energy dissipated is zero since the same amount of energy stored is returned. 3. As frequency approaches zero, the capacitive reactance increases without limit, causing the current to approach zero. This is because at direct current the capacitor acts as an open circuit.

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    Physics is Awesome by Cikgu Az

    1. A pure capacitor has no resistive or inductive effect.


    2. When a capacitor is connected to an a.c supply, electric charge flows into
    and out of the capacitor plates.
    3. Suppose that the alternating voltage applied across a
    capacitor of capacitance C is given by

    V = V0 sin ωt

    then charge in a capacitor, Q = CV


    = CV0 sin ωt

    𝑑𝑄
    using I=
    𝑑𝑇
    𝑑
    Current in capacitive circuit, I = (CV0sin ωt )
    𝑑𝑇
    = CV0ω cos ωt
    𝜋
    I = I0 sin (ωt + )
    2
    where I0 = CV0ω
    π
    Current I leads voltage V by radians.
    2

    I0 I0
    V0
    V0
    From I0 =𝐶V0𝜔, The capacitive reactance,

    𝑉0 𝑉𝑟.𝑚.𝑠
    Xc = =
    𝐼0 𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠
    1
    = ,ω = 2πf
    𝜔𝐶

    1
    Xc =
    2𝜋𝑓𝐶

    As the frequency approaches zero, the capacitive reactance approaches


    infinity, and hence the current approaches zero. This makes sense because
    the circuit approaches direct current conditions as 𝜔 approaches zero, and
    the capacitor represents an open circuit.
    Power In a Pure Capacitor Circuit
    1. For an a.c circuit containing a capacitor,
    𝜋
    the current I leads the voltage by radians.
    2
    V= V0 sin ωt
    𝜋
    I = I0 sin (ωt + )
    2
    = I0 cos ωt

    2. The variation of power P in the capacitor varies with the time, t according
    to the equation
    P = IV
    = I0 cos ωt (V0 sin ωt )
    = I0 V0 sin ωt cos ωt
    1
    = I0 V0 sin 2ωt
    2
    = 𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠 𝑉𝑟.𝑚.𝑠 sin 2ωt
    𝑇
    3. From t = 0 to , the power is positive.
    4
    This means that energy is supplied to the
    capacitor by the voltage supply. The energy
    stored in the capacitor is maximum at time
    𝑇
    t = when the voltage V is maximum.
    4
    This happens when the charge in the capacitor
    is maximum. Energy is stored in the electric
    field between the plates of the capacitor. Variation of power P with time t
    for a pure capacitor.
    𝑇 𝑇
    4. From t = to t = , the power is negative. Energy stored in the capacitor is now
    4 2
    returned to the voltage supplied. The net energy dissipated from the capacitor
    during the half cycle is zero.

    𝑇 3
    5. Similarly the energy supplied to the capacitor from time t = to t = T
    2 4
    3
    is returned to the voltage supply from time t = T to t = T.
    4
    No energy is dissipated from the pure capacitor for a complete cycle.
    The mean power = 0

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