saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

j. grigalaSvili

sasmelebisa da produqtebis warmoebis teqnologiuri

procesebis avtomatizaciis Sesaxeb

tomi 3
(samrewvelo qselebi)

registrirebulia stu-s
saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo
sabWos mier

Tbilisi 2013

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uak 681.51(075.8)+004.7.(075.8)

damxmare saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia sxvadasxva specialobis

studentebisaTvis, romlebi Seiswavlian sxvadasxva teqnologiuri
daniSnulebis mqone samrewvelo danadgarebis avtomatizacias.
damxmare saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia is principebi, romlebic
gamoyenebulia samrewvelo qselebis, rogoricaa Industrial Ethrnet, PROFIBUS-
DP, PROFIBUS-PA, AS- Interface, da sxv. Agebisa da funqcionirebis
safuZvlebSi. moyvanilia am qselebis SeswavlisaTvis gankuTvnili
laboratoriuli stendebis Sesrulebis magaliTebi da agreTve PROFIBUS-
PA da AS - Interface qslebSi moqmedi avtomatizaciis obieqtebis marTvis
laboratoriuli samuSaoebis Sesrulebis magaliTebi.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom winamdebare damxmare saxelmZRvaneli
warmoadgens pirvel mcdelobas gadmosces qarTul enaze samrewvelo
qselebis struqturuli da funqcionaluri Taviseburebebi, maTi agebisa
da urTierTdamokidebulebis principebi, maTi rolisa da adgilis
Sesaxeb Tanamedrove warmoebis totalurad integrirebuli
avtomatizaciis sistemebSi gamoyenebisaTvis da amdenad igi mniSvnelovan
daxmarebas gauwevs specialistebis momzadebas saganmanaTleblo
programis “xelsawyoTamSenebloba, Aavtomatizacia da marTvis sistemebi”.

recenzenti sruli profesori r. xuroZe

recenzenti sruli profesori o. natroSvili

© sagamomcemlo saxli “teqnikuri universiteti”, 2013

ISBN (yvela tomi)

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Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tavi I – teqnologiuri procesebis avtomatizaciic sistemebis struq. . 7

1.1. zogadi cnebebi.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

1.2. tp mas – is struqtura lokaluri qselebis bazaze. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Tavi II - samrewvelo qseli PROFIBUS-DP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1. qselis zogadi daxasiaeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2. informaciis gadacema PROFIBUS-DP qselSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
2.2.1. zogadi debulebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.2. signalis eleqtruli gadacema EIA RS485 standartiT... . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.3. signalis optikuri gadacema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2.4. signalis usadeno gadacema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3. PROFIBUS saltesTan wvdomis marTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.4. PROFIBUS salteebis topologia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
2.4.1. RS485 gadacemis teqnikis mqone salteebis topologia. . . . . . . . . . .39
2.4.2. topologia CaSenebuli optikuri interfeisis gamoyenebiT. . . . . . . 40
2.4.3. usadeno qselebis agebis topologia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Tavi III – PROFIBU-DP qselis ageba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.1. PROFIBUS-DP qselebis konfiguraciis variantebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

3.2. PROFIBUS-DP qselis agebis magaliTi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

3.3. sazidaris marTvis programis magaliTi PROFIBUS-DP qselSi. . . . 64
Tavi IV – samrewvelo qseli PROFIBUS-PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
4.1 zogadi cnebebi da ZiriTadi komponentebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.2. informaciis gadacema PROFIBUS-PA qselSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.3. PROFIBUS-PA qselis konfiguracia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

4.4. PROFIBUS PA qselis Sesaswavli stendis varianti. . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Tavi V– AS-i interfeisi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

5.1. saerTo cnebebi da ZiriTadi komponentebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

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5.2. AS-i sistemis komponentebis mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.3. laboratoriuli stendi As- Interface qselis SeswavlisaTvis. . . . . . . .91
5.4. obieqtis marTvis magaliTi As Interface qseliT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.5. SIMATEC S7-300-is wamyvani mowyobilobebi AS-I interfeisiT. . . . . . . .95
Tavi VI – samrewvelo qseli Industrial Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

6.1. saerTo cnobebi da ZiriTadi sistemuri komponentebi. . . . . . . . . . .97

6.2. Industrial Ethernet – qselis standartuli segmenti da komponentebi . . 100
6.3. Fast Ethernet – qselis standartuli segmenti da komponentebi. . . . . . 106
6.4. Ethernet qselis konfiguraciis magaliTi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

6.5. Ethernet qselebi komutirebuli qselis teqnologiis gamoyenebiT . . .110

6.6. Industrial Ethernet qselis Seswavlis labor. stendis magaliTi. . . . . . .123
Tavi 7 PROFINET standarti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
literatura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

4
 Sesavali
damxmare saxelmZRvanelo ZiriTadaT dafuZnebulia Siemens - is
firmis teqnikur dokumentaciaze romlis produqciac farTod
gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos sawarmoebSi.
Siemens - is firma aris wamyvani firma teqnologiuri procesebis
marTvis sistemebis mowodebis mxriv. is aqtiurad inergeba msoflios da
maT ricxvSi saqarTvelos bazarze. informacia mis mier warmoebul
produqciaze, katalogebze da broSurebze SeiZleba miRebul iqnas
firmis saitidan WWW. Simiens.com da agreTve rusulenovani
mkiTxvelebisTvis WWW. Simiens.ru/ad/as da WWW. Simatic.ru.
damxmare saxelmZRvaneloSi gadmocemuli masala PROFIBUS da AS-
Interface qslebis Sesaxeb iTvaliswinebs, rom studentebi ukve gacnobilebi
arian mikroprocesorul teqnikis, programul logikur kontrolerebisa
da sqemoteqnikis safuZvlebs.
qselebze muSaobis praqtikul unarCvevebs studentebi iReben or
laboratoriul stendze romlebzedasc realizebulia Sesabamisad
qselebi PROFIBUS-DP da AS- Interface.
PROFIBUS-DP qselis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis ori programuli
logikuri kontroleri S7-300 ori Semyvan/gamomyvani modulebiT,
decentralizirebuli periferiiT ET200M Semyvan/gamomyvani moduliT da
optikuri interfeisiT. qseli iyenebs informaciis gadacemis RS485
teqnologias. uSualod gadacemis ared gamoiyeneba ekranirebuli
grexili kabeli da plastikuri optikurboCkovani kabeli. eleqtruli da
optikurboCkovani kabelis Serwyma xdeba optikuri salturi terminalis
OBT-s daxmarebiT.
AS- Interface qselis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis programuli logikuri
kontroleris bloki Simatik S7-300 procesoruli moduliT CPU314-2DP,
diskretuli da analoguri signalebis Semyvan/gamomyvani modulebiT,
romelTac aqvT gamosavali PROFIBUS-DP qselur interfeisze.

5
gaTvaliswinebulia PROFIBUS-DP qselis AS- Interface qselTan kavSiris ori
varianti.
AS- Interface qselis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis programuli logikuri
kontroleris bloki Simatik S7-300 procesoruli moduliT CPU314-2DP,
diskretuli da analoguri signalebis Semyvan/gamomyvani modulebiT,
romelTac aqvT gamosavali PROFIBUS-DP qselur interfeisze.
gaTvaliswinebulia PROFIBUS-DP qselis AS- Interface qselTan kavSiris ori
varianti. pirvel variantSi kavSiri uzrunvelyofildeba komunikaciuri
procesoriT CP342-2, xolo meore variantSi – DP/AS-I Link Advanced
moduliT.
AS- Interface qseli Seicavs:
K45 tipis moduls qselis diskretuli signalebis Seyvana
moduls AS - Interface qselis diskretuli signalebis
Seyvana/gamoyvani/gamoyvanisaTvis (4 Sesasvleli/4
gamosasvleli);
F90 tipis saTvis (4 Sesasvleli/4 gamosasvleli);
K60 tipis moduls AS2 Interface qselis analoguri signalebis
SeyvanisaTvis (2 Sesasvleli);
K60 tipis moduls AS - Interface qselis analoguri signalebis
gamoyvanisaTvis (2 gamosasvleli);
AS - Interface qselis kvebis wyaros 2 bloks 220v/=30v;
AS - Interface qselis gammeorebels (gamagrZelebels);
amgvarad qselSi warmodgenilia AS – Interface-is yvela ZiriTadi
komponenti. stendze gaTvaliswinebulia oscilografis saSualebiT
davakvirdeT Zabvebisa da denebis formasa da mniSvnelobebs AS - Interface
qselis kabelSi amave qselis komponentebisaTvis amave kabeliT kvebis
Zabvisa da informaciis erTdrouli gadacemis pirobebSi.

6
 Tavi I - teqnologiuri procesebis avtomatizaciis
sistemebis struqtura
1.1. zogadi cnebebi
tradiciulad teqnologiuri procesebis marTvis sistemebi
asruleben Semdeg funqciebs:
marTvis obieqtebidan informaciis Segroveba da marTvis
miRebuli algoriTmis Sesabamisad mmarTveli brZanebebis
formireba, romlebic gadaecema amsrulebel mowyobilobebs;
teqnologiuri informaciis gadamuSaveba, misi wardgena da
dokumentireba;
informaciis Segrovebisa da gadamuSavebis mowyobilobis
SekavSireba informaciis warmodgenis mowyobilobebTan.
mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi avtomatizaciis sistemebi igebodnen
tradiciuli centralizebuli sqemiT, romelic Seicavda erT mZlavr
gamomTvlel mowyobilobas da kabelebis uamravi raodenoba saboloo
mowyobilobTan SeerTebisaTvis (gadamwodebi, amsrulebeli meqanizmebi,
informaciis asaxvis mowyobilobebi). aseTi struqtura nakarnaxevi iyo
eleqtronul-gamomTvleli teqnikis maRali RirebulebiT. cifruli
teqnikis warmoebis swrafi ganviTarebisa da warmoebis pirobebSi
gamoCnda alternatiuli gadawyvetileba – cifruli samrewvelo qselebi.
cifrul gamomTvlel manqanebze Seqmnili avtomatizaciis sistemebis
Semdeg gacnda termini “teqnologiuri procesis marTvis
avtomatizirebuli sistema” (tp mas).
standartebTan Sesabamisad tp mas is avtomatizirebuli sistemaa,
romlis daniSnulebaa marTvis teqnologiur obieqtze mmarTveli
zemoqmedebis gamomuSaveba da realizacia miRebuli marTvis xarisxis
kriteriumis Sesabamisad. Tavis mxriv marTvis teqnologiuri obieqti es
teqnologiuri aparaturisa im teqnologiuri procesis erTobliobaa, rac

7
realizebulia am aparaturiTa da Sesabamisi instruqciebiTa da
reglamentebiT.
tpm as igeba marTvis ierarxiuli principiT. marTvis ierarxiuli
principiT (daqvemdebarebuli) – es marTvis piramiduli principia
ierarqiis qveda sarTulebis (doneebis, safexurebis) daqvemdebarebiT
zedebTan. nax. 1.1.-ze naCvenebia avtomatizaciis ierarqiuli struqtura
doneebis dasaxelebiT, rac gamoiyeneba Simens-is teqnikur dokumentaciaSi.
procesis TviToeuli donis xelmZRvanelobazea teqnologiuri procesis
optimizaciis valdebuleba. igi kordinacias uwevs mTel process da
gascevs procesis marTvis davalebebs.

nax. 1.1. marTvis avtomatizaciis ierarxiuli struqtura

8
 qveda doneze “saproceso anda savele done” xdeba teqnologiuri
procesis mdgomareobisa da misi parametrebze gavlenebis aRricxva. aq
gamoiyeneba gadamwodebi da amsrulebeli mowyobilobebi (meqanizmebi).
procesis marTvis doneze xdeba marTva, regulireba, gazomili
sidideebis damuSaveba, kontroli, parametrebis stabilizacia, rac
davalebulia ierarqiis ufro maRali safexuris mier, agreTve dacvis
funqciebi.
procesis xelmZRvanelobis doneze mikuTvnebulia teqnologiuri
procesis optomizaciis funqciebi. igi koordinacias uwevs mTel process
da gascevs davalebebs procesis marTvis safexurs.
warmoebis xelmZRvanelobisa da dagegmvis doneebi uzrunvelyofen
mTeli warmoebis makoordinirebeli da administraciuli funqciebis
Sesrulebas: materialur-teqnikuri momarageba, simZlavreTa dagegmva da
sxv.
piramidis ierarqiis yvela dones unda hqondes vertikaluri
informaciul-teqnikuri kavSiri erTmaneTTan. informaciis aseTi gacvla
warmoebs orTave mimarTulebiT: maRlidan dabla da dablidan maRla
pirdapiri (orpunqtiani) kavSirebis dros, rogorc naCvenebia nax. 1.2a-ze.

9
 nax. 1.2. informaciis gacvla ierarqiis Doneebs Soris: a) pirdapiri
kavSirebiT; b) vertikaluri da horizontaluri pirdapiri kavSirebiT;
g) lokaluri qselebis gamoyenebiT

(naxazze isini daStrixulia) SesaZlebelia (isrebiT naCvenebi) mxolod

zemdgomaT mdgari donis gavliT. informaciam SeiZleba daagvianos Tu ki
zemdgomi kvanZebi aRmoCndeba SezRuduli swrafqmedebis mqoneni.
kerZoT, dabal doneebze, sadac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
swrafqmedeba, aucilebelia horizontaluri kavSirebis Semotana
(nax. 1.2. b). magram Tu ki TviToeuli kvanZi SeerTebuli iqneba
TviToeulTan, maSin warmoiqmneba areul-dareuli qseli Zalzed rTuli
da Zviri kabeluri sistemiT. zog SemTxvevebSi kabeluri produqciis
Rirebulebam SeiZleba Seadginos 50% mTeli mowyobilobis Rirebulebisa.
cifruli teqnikis swrafma ganviTarebam gamoiwvia problemis
alternatiuli gadawyveta, anu warmoiqmna cifruli samrewvelo qselebi,
romelic Seicavs mraval mowyobilobas da romelTa Sorisac
informaciis gacvla xdeba cifruli meTodebiT, egreT wodebuli
“lokaluri qselebiT” (LAN- Local Area Networks). lokaluri qselebis
gamoyeneba iwyeba 1970 wlebidan amerikaSi XEROX Corporation-is
ganviTarebis Sedegad.
lokasluri qselebi aseve aRiniSneba literaturaSi, rogorc
salteebi anda salturi sistemebi. isini iyofa sam kategoriaT:
qselis formis mixedviT (topologiiT);
gadacemis aris gamoyenebis mixedviT;
Tanamonawileebis wselTan daSvebis xerxiT.
es cnebebi asaxulni iqnebian qveviT qselebis aRwerisas.

1.2. tp mas – is struqtura lokaluri qselis bazaze

1985 wels eleqtromrewvelobis centraluri kavSiri (ZVEI) gamovida
savele saltis standartis damuSavebis inciativiT. 1987 wels germaniis

10
20 wamyvani sawarmoo da sakvlevi organizacia, romelTa ricxvSi iyo
Siemens - is firma gaerTiandnen im mizniT, rom ori wlis ganmavlobaSi
daamuSavebdnen asset standarts. gaerTianebulma produqtma miiRo
saxelwodeba PROFIBUS.
umartivesi tp mas – is struqtura, romelic orientirebulia
PROFIBUS lokaluri qselebis gamoyenebaze naCvenebia nax. 1.3.

nax. 1.3. umartivesi tp mas – is struqtura

Industrial Ethernet – es marTvis maRal doneze moqmedi qselia, romelic

Seesabameba IEEE802.3 (Ethernet, 10 mbit/wm, IEEE802.3u (Fast Ethernet, 100 mbit/wm
da IEEE802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet, 1000mbit/wm) saerTaSoriso standartebs. Ethernet
iZleva Internet-is gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, igi aris agreTve ZiriTadi
interfeisi ganawilebuli inteleqtis mqone marTvis sistemebis asagebad
da mxars uWers PROFINET standarts. es standarti mniSvnelovnad
amartivebs kavSirs Ethernet – sa da savele donis qsels PROFIBUS-s Soris.

11
centraluri sadguri emsaxureba mraval samrewvelo logikur
kontrolerebs, (PLC), romlebic gaerTianebuliamimdevrobiTi PROFIBUS
qseliT.
PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) – es savele donis samrewvelo qselia,
romelic EN5017-0 me-2 evropuli normebis da IEC 61158-3 saerTaSoriso
standartis normebis moTxovnebs akmayofilebs. isini gamoiyeneba
programul kontrolerebsa da ET200 ganawilebuli Seyvana/gamoyvanis
sadgurebs Soris, adamiani-manqanis interfeisisa (HMI) (Humaqn Machine
Interface) da savele donis sxva xelsawyoebs Soris kavSirebis
uzrunvelsayofad. PROFIBUS – saSualebas gvaZlevs SevasruloT
avtomatizirebuli sistemis distanciuri (qseliT) programirebisa da
konfigurirebis, agreTvee maTi gawyobisa da diagnostirebis amocanebi.
PROFIBUS – mxars uWers informaciis gadacemis Semdeg protokolebs:
PROFIBUS-FMS (Eield Message Specifikation) – savele donis saltis
gzavnilebis specifikacias;
PROFIBUS-DP (Distributed Periphery – ganawilebuli periferia);
PROFIBUS-PA (Process Automation – marTvis procesi).
yvela protokoli SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas erTidaigive kavSiris
xazSi gadacemisaTvis (eleqtruli RS485-is anda optikur-boCkovanis
gamoyenebiT).
PROFIBUS-FMS – es protikolia, romelic gamoiyeneba logikur
logikuri kontrolerebis qselebs, logikur kontrolerebsa da
kompiuterebs, logikur kontrolerebsa da HMI-is mowyobilobebs Soris
monacemTa gacvlisaTvis. monacemTa gacvlebi SeiZleba iyos cikluri
anda wyvetili. gacvlebSi SeiZleba monawileobdes 16 mowyobilobamde.
PROFIBUS-DP – orientirebulia logikur kontrolerebsa da ganawilebul
periferias Soris kavSiris organizaciisaTvis. igi uzrunvelyofs
logikur lontrolerebsa da ganawilebuli Seyvana/gamoyvanis sadgurebs
Soris, agreTve savele donis xelsawyoebs Soris monacemTa mcire mcire
moculobebiT gacvlas.

12
 PROFIBUS-PA – orientirebulia mimyol mowyobilobebs Soris
monacemTa gacvlaze, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen ganlagebuli rogorc
Cveulebrivi aseve mometebuli xifaTis zonebSi (Ex-zonebSi). PROFIBUS-
PA – qselebSi monacemTa gacvla da kveba yvela qselur komponentebs
Soris xorcieldeba erTmaneTze gadaxveuli ekranirebuli gamtartTa
wyviliT. PROFIBUS-DP – qselze mierTeba xdeba SekavSirebis DP/PA Coupler
modulebis gamoyenebiT anda DP/PA Link blokebiT.
AS-Interface – es gadamwodebisa da amsrulebeli meqanizmebis
mierTebis interfeisia, romelic asrulebs gadamwod/amsrulebel
meqanizmebsa da marTvis sistemas Soris komunikacias. igi uzrunvelyofs
marTuli danadgaris gamartivebul montaJs. iseve rogorc PROFIBUS-PA –
qselebSi AS-Interface qselSic monacemTa gacvla da kveba yvela qselur
komponentebs Soris xdeba orwvera kabeliT, magram SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnas araekranirebulic.

13
 Tavi II - samrewvelo qseli PROFIBUS-DP
2.1. qselis zogadi daxasiaTeba
PROFIBUS-is ZiriTadi versia es informaciis gadacemaa EIA RS485
amerikuli standartis Sesabamisad. igi farTod gamoiyeneba samrewvelo
warmoebaSi, kavSirebis teqnikaSi, transportze, SenobebSi da sxv.
informaciis gadacemis garemoa:
ekranirebuli daxveuli wyvili;
minis, polimeruli anda optikur-boCkovani kabeli;
ugamtaro garemo.
qseli Sedgeba segmentebisagan. segmentis struqtura signalis
eleqtruli gadacemis dros RS485 interfeisis gamoyenebisas
warmodgenilia nax. 2.1.-ze.
segmentis monacemebi damokidebulia gadacemis siCqareze da
warmodgenilia cxril 2.1.-Si.

nax. 2.1. PROFIBUS-DP qselis segmentis struqtura

cxrili 2.1.
gadacemis siCqare, 9,6 19,2 93,75 187,5 500 1500 3000 6000 12000
kbt/wm
segmentis sigrZe, 1200 1200 1200 1200 400 200 100 100 100
m
qselis saerTo 12000 12000 12000 12000 4000 2000 1000 1000 1000

14
sigrZe, segment-
ebis r-bisas 10, m

kavSirebis optikuri arxebis dasaSvebi sigrZe damokidebulia

gamoyenebuli kabelis sigrZeze da warmodgenilia cxril 2.2.-Si.
cxrili 2.2.
kabelis tipi plastikuri (POF) Polimeruli (PCF) minis
gadacemis 9,6 ... 1500 da 12000 9,6 ... 1500 da 12000 9,6 ... 12000
sixSire, kbt/wm
maqsimaluri 80 400 2850
sigrZe qselis
kvanZebs Soris, m

Siemens - is firmis teqnikur dokumentaciaSi, informaciis gadacemis

aparaturis gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebiT, zemoT warmodgenili
maxasiaTeblebi, mudmivad loreqtirdebian. ase magaliTad, am damxmare
saxelmZRvanelos daweris droisTvis informaciis eleqtruli gadacemis
dros qselebis sigrZe ar aWarbebs 12 km, minis Suqgamtarebis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi ki – 91 km.
kvanZebis maqsimaluri raodenoba (monawileebis) segments 32 – ia,
xolo qselis monakveTebis maqsimaluri raodenoba 127 (misamarTebiT 0 ...
126).
qselTan mierTebadi kvanZebi (monawileebi) araTenabar uflebianebi arian.
ganasxvaveben aqtiur (wamyvan) mowyobilobebs, romlebsac ewodebaT Master
– ebi da pasiuri (mimdevni), romlebTac ewodebaT Slave – ebi.
aqtiuri kvanZis wvdoma saltesTan gayofilia drois mixedviT,
risTvisac gaTvaliswinebulia esTafeturi gadacemis meTodi. aqtiuri
kvanZi, romelic miiRebs wvdomas qselTan, axorcielebs monacemebis
gacvlas pasiur kvanZebTan principiT “wamyvani-mimyoli”.

15
 aqtiuri kvanZi iRebs wvdomas qselTan raRac gansazRvruli drois
mixedviT. am drois gamnavlobaSi aqtiuri kvanZi axorcielebs monacemTa
yvela aucilebeli gadacemis marTvas. am drois gavlis Semdeg igi
gadadis pasiur mdgomareobaSi da marTva gadaecema estafetiT Semdeg
aqtiur kvanZs.
pasiuri kvanZebs ar SeuZliaT informaciis gadacemis marTva. isini
mxolod pasuxoben wamyvani mowyobilobebisgan maT misamarTze
gamogzavnil moTxovnebs da agreTve iReben imave wamyvani
mowyobilobebisagan gamogzavnil monacemebs.
qselis konfiguraciis arCevisaTvis, parametrebis dayenebisaTvis,
gaSvebisa da diagnostirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba STEP7 programuli
uzrunvelyofa.
ROFIBUS qselSi gamoyenebisaTvis damzadebulia qvemoTCamoTvlili
ganawilebuli Seyvana-gamoyvanis mravalfunqcionaluri sadgurebis ET 200
– is ojaxi.
ET 200M sadgurebi asrulebs DP mimdevni mowyobilobis funqciebs.
monacemTa gacvlis siCqarea 12 mbt/wm-mde. am sadgurebs Tavis
SemadgenlobaSi aqvT interfeisuli moduli, 8 modulamde S7-300
programirebadi kontroleri da SeiZleba Seicavdnen kvebis bloksac.
garemo pirobebisgan dacvis xarisxia IP20.
ET 200S sadgurebi uzrunvelyofen PROFIBUS-DP eleqtrul an
optikur kavSirebis arxebTan mierTebas. es sadgurebi Tavis
SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Seicavdes interfeisul moduls, diskretuli
da cifruli signalebis Seyvana-gamoyvanis modulebi, bijuri Zravebis
daxmarebiT amZravis pozicionirebis amocanebis gadawyvetebis teqnikuri
modulebi, Sewonasworebis modulebi. ET 200S sadgurebSi SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnas ori saxis Zaluri modulebi: cvladi denis 3-faza
datvirTvaTa fiderebi ZabviT 400 v-mde da simZlavriT 7,5 kvt-mde da
sixSireTa gardamqmnelebi 3-faza asinqronuli eleqtroZravebis
marTvisaTvis. TviToeuli Zaluri moduli aRWurvilia diskretuli

16
SesasvlelebiT marTvis gare organoebis mierTebisa da agreTve
diskretuli Sesasvlelebis mierTebisaTvis Tavisive mdgomareobis
indikaciisa da warmoSobili Secdomebis signalizaciisaTvis.
Simatic ET 200iS sadgurebi msaxuroben Ex-zonebisaTvis (mometebuli
safrTxis zona) ganawilebuli Seyvana-gamoyvanis funqciebis
Sesasruleblad. es sadguri asrulebs PROFIBUS-DP mimdevni
mowyobilobis funqciebs da SeuZlia monacemTa gadacema 1,5 mbt/wm-mde
siCqariT. is Seicavs Tavis SemadgenlobaSi interfeisis moduls
PROFIBUS RS485 qselTan mierTebisaTvis da 32-mde EExi Sesrulebis
modulebs diskretuli da analoguri signalebis Seyvana-gamoyvanisaTvis.
Simatic ET 200iS sadgurebis ganlagebisaTvis gamoiyeneba kedelze
montaJisaTvis gankuTvnili foladis karadebi garemo pirobebisgan
dacvis xarisxia IP65. gare wredebis mierTeba sruldeba SemamWidroebeli
salnikebis gavliT.
Simatic ET 200pro sadgurebi – es moduluri Seyvana-gamoyvanis
sadgurebi dacvis xarisxiT IP65/IP67, SeiZleba damontaJdes marTul
aparaturaze, marTvis karadebis gamoyenebiT. sadguris SemadgenlobaSi
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas diskretuli da analoguri signalebis
Seyvana-gamoyvanis 16 eleqtronul modulamde, agreTve Zaluri modulebi,
usafrTxoebis avtomatikisa da xanZarsawinaaRmdego dacvis sistemebi.
sadgurs gaaCnia maRali mdgradoba meqanikuri zemoqmedebis mimarT da
itans vibraciul datvirTvebs 5g aCqarebiTa da dartymiT datvirTvebs 25g
aCqarebiT. Zaluri modulebi Seicavs Tavis SemadgenlobaSi gamSvebebis
modulebs da mdore gaSvebis mowyobilobebs (datvirTvis simZlavriT 5,5
kvt) – mde, sixSireTa gardamqmnelebs (1,5 kvt-mde simZlavris
ZravebisaTvis) da a.S.S. erT sadgurSi dasaSvebia 8 Zaluri modulis
gamoyeneba.
Simatic ET 200eco da ET 200R – Seyvana-gamoyvanis kompaqturi sadgurebia
dacvis xarisxiT IP65/IP67. orTave sadguri asruleben PROFIBUS-DP
mimdevni mowyobilobebis funqciebs da SeuZlia monacemTa gadacema 1,2

17
mbt/wm-mde siCqariT. isini gamoiyeneben diskretuli signalebis Seyvanisa
da gamoyvanis modulebs da gamoiyeneba teqnologiuri apartatururisa da
sawarmoo manqanebisa da Carxebis marTvisaTvis. Simatic ET 200R sadgurebi
ZiriTadaT gamoiyeneba saavtomobilo mrewvelobaSi SesaduRi robotebisa
da dammuSavebeli Carxebis marTvisas.

2.2. informaciis gadacema PROFIBUS-DP qselSi

2.2.1. zogadi debulebebi
samrewvelo qselebi arian samrewvelo sakomunikacio sistemebi da
SeuZliaT gamoiyenon gadacemis saSualebebis farTo diapazoni, iseTebi,
rogoricaa spilenZis kabeli, boCkovani optika anda umavTulo
mimdevrobiTi gadacema rac uzrunvelyofs did manZilebze
ganawilebuli savele mowyobilobebis (gadamwodebi, gardamqmnelebi,
Zravebi da sxv.) SeerTebisaTvis centralur makontrolirebel anda
mmarTvel sistemasTan.
1983 wels standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam ISI
(International Standards Organization) daamuSava Sviddoniani etalonuri modeli
OSI (Open Systems Interconnestion Reference Model) igi gansazRvravs yvela im
elementebs, sreuqturebsa da amocanebs, romlebic aucilebelia
komunikaciisa da procesebisaTvis. iseve, rogorc nebismieri
universaluri modeli, OSI sakmaod didia, gamoirCeva siWarbiTa da
mouqnelobiT. amitom realuri qseliri gadawyvetilebebi, kerZoT ki
PROFIBUS-DP, yovelTvis ar eTanxmeba funqciebis moRebul danawilebias.
miuxedavaT amisa, OSI modelis gacnoba SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs
ukeTesad gavigoT Tu ra xdeba qselSi. OSI modeli exeba ara marto
lokalur qselebs, aramed nebismieri kavSirebis qselebs kompiuterebsa
da sxva abonentebs Soris. kerZoT, internetis [2] qselis funqciebic ki
SeiZleba daiyos doneebaT, OSI modelis Sesabamisad.
monacemebi, romlebic aucilebelia gadaeces qseliT zeda meSvide
donidan, qveda pirvel donemde, gadian inkafsuliaciis process (nax. 2.2.).

18
yoveli momdevno done ara marto axdens zeda donidan gadmocemuli
monacemebis gadamuSavebas, aramed amaragebs maT Tavis saTauriT da
sasamsaxuro informaciiT (nax. 2.2.-ze pirobiTad saTauriT da daskvniT).
fizikur doneze es mravalSriani konstruqcia gadaecema kabeliT mimRebs.
iq igi gaivlis uku process dekafsuliaciisa, anu zemoTmdgom doneze
gadacemisas moSordeba erTerTi SreTagani. zeda meSvide dones aRweven
mTeli sasamsaxuro informaciidan ganTavisuflebuli monacemebi,
romlebic maT daematnen qvemdgomi doneebisgan.
nax. 2.3. warmodgenilia monacemTa mimdevrobiTi gadacemis principi.
vinaidan, samrewvelo kontrolerebi da periferiuli mowyobilobebi
muSaoben paralelur kodebSi (es dakavSirebulia informaciis gazrdili
siCqariT gadamuSavebasTan), amitom gadacemis mxares aucilebelia
paraleluri kodis gardaqmna mimdevrobiTSi, xolo miRebis mxares - ki
piriqiT.

nax. 2.2. Odoneebis paketebis fdormireba OSI modelSi

aseTi gardaqmnisa da mmarTveli funqciebis realizacia xdeba

sapecialuri integraluri sqemebiT, romlebTac asinqronuli
mimRebgadamcemebi ewodebaT (UART – universal asincronous receivers-transmitters).
aseTi gadacemiT uzrunvelyofilia kabelis ekonomia da kavSiris
moqniloba.

19
 nax. 2.3. qselebSi monacemebis mimdevrobiTi gadacemis principebi

monacemTa gadacemis aseTi sistemis eqspluataciaSi Sesvlis Semdeg

mas ara aqvs araviTari SezRudvebi gadasacemi informaciis raodenobis
kuTxiT, Tumc informaciis didi raodenobiT gadacemis dros kritikul
faqtorad SeiZleba gaxdes informaciis gadacemis dro.
ormxrivi kavSirisaTvis aucilebelia ori gamtaris anda
optikurboCkovani kabelis ori boCkos ori arseboba.
nax. 2.4. – ze warmodgenili aris ISO/OSI etalonuri referantiuli
modelis doneebi da maTi funqcionaluri daniSnulebis mokle
daxasiaTeba.
1-dan me-4-s CaTvliT doneebi aRweren monacemebis gadagzavnas erTi
punqtidan meoreSi, xolo me-5-dan me-7-mde doneebi waradgenen
momxmareblis gamgeblobaSi qselTan wvdomas Sesabamisi formiT.
PROFIBUS-DP iyenebs mxolod 1 da me-2 doneebs. PROFIBUS- FMS ki iyenebs
1, me-2 da me-7 doneebs.
PROFIBUS-DP qselebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis gadacemis areebi:
eleqtruli gamtari garemo;
optikuri garemo;
usadeno garemo.

20
 nax. 2.4. ISO/OSI etalonuri referantnuli modelis doneebi

2.2.2. signalis eleqtruli gadacema EIA RS485 standartiT

EIA RS485 standartiT cignalis gadacemisaTvis gamoiyeneba
koaqsialuri kabelebi anda kabelebi gamtarTa ekranirebuli xveuli
wyviliT. nax. 2.5-ze warmodgenilia kabelebis konstruqcia ekranirebuli
xveuli wyviliT.

nax. 2.5. kabelis konstruqcia xveuli wyviliT

21
 kabelis ori wveri daxveulia erTmaneTze bijiT 9 ... 27 xvia/m rac
uzrunvelyofs eleqtromagnituri xelSeSlebis Semcirebas. xelSeSlebis
Semcirebis principi naCvenebia nax. 2.6.-ze.

nax. 2.6. xelSeSlebis gavlenis Semcireba xveuli wyviliT

magnituri nakadis Φ-is ganmsWolvisas TviToeuli gamtaris xviaSi

aRiZreba emZ, romlis mimarTulebac TviToeuli xviisTvis naCvenebia
isrebiT. rogorc naxazidan Cans, rezultirebuli emZ TviToeul kabelis
TviToeul gamtarSi miiswrafis nulisken.
magram, unda gvaxsovdes, rom aseT kabelSi warmoebs Setyobinebis
maxalsiCqaruli gadacema 12 mbt/wm. aseTi maxalsiCqaruli gadacemis
dros kabeli SeiZleba gamoisaxos rogorc winaRobaTa paraleluri da
mimdevrobiTi , rogorc es nax. 2.7.-zea naCvenebi.

nax. 2.7. usasrulo xazis impendansi

[5]-Si naCvenebia, rom rezultirebuli impendansi A da B wertilebs Soris

tolia:

22
 impendanss ewodeba aseTi usasrulo wredis maxasiaTebeli
impendansi.
Tu mimdevrobiTi elementi yovelTvis induqtiobaa L, xolo
maSuntirebeli elementi-tevadoba C, masin am SemTxvevaSi wredi miiRebs
nax. 2.8. – ze naCveneb saxes. naxazze naCvenebi xazi mTavrdeba R
datvirTviT. gasdaRebis Sekvrisa da xazze U Zabvis miwodebiT, wyarom
jer unda moamaragos energiiT pirveli induqtivoba da tevadoba, Semdeg
meore, mesame da a S.S. amitom raRac drois gasclis Semdeg sawyisi deni
R datvirTvaze toli iqneba:

nax. 2.8. usasrulo L-C xazi

amitom, Zabva R datvirTvaze damokidebuli iqneba R-is

sidideze (ix. nax. 2.9.)

23
 nax. 2.9. R datvirTvaze Zabvis cvlilebis xasiaTi

aseTi efeqti damaxasiaTebelia yvela kabelisaTvis da Cveulebriv

ar warmoadgens didad inteesis sagans. Tu ki dayovneba uTanabrdeba
gadasacemi sixSiris periods, maSin aseTi cvlilebebi gadaiqcevian
dabrkolebebad. Sesabamisad, gadacemis xazi unda damTavrdes misi
maxasiaTebeli impendasis toli winaaRmdegobiT.

orwvera anda ekranirebuli xveuli wyvilisTvis = 120 ... 150 om,

koaqcialuri kabelisaTvis ki (ganxilul iqneba qvemoT) = 50 ... 75 om.

rogorc wesi, mowyobilobebi, romlebic uerTdebian gadacemis
xazebs, xasiaTdebian maRali Semavali impendansiT, rac SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs davayenoT es winaaRmdegobebi sadac mosaxerxebelia. magram
ukeTesia tu am SemaTanxmebel rezistorebs davayenebT samrewvelo
qselis kabelis yoveli segmentis orTave boloSi.
ekrani ar SeiZleba damiwdes kabelis orTave mxares. potencialebis

nebismieri sxvaoba damiwebis nebismier or wertils Soris (ix. nax.

2.10.) iwvevs denis gavlas ekranis badeSi.

24
 nax. 2.10 ekranis arasasurveli damiweba

damiweba sasurvelia ganxorcieldes mxolod cal mxares (mimRebze).

Tu ki ekranirebuli gamtari gadis Sualeduri gamanawilebeli
kolofebis gavliT, maSin saWiroa ekranis mTlianobis SenarCuneba da
misi moTavseba CibuxebSi, riTac unda gamoiricxos misi Sexeba kolofis
korpusTan. eleqtrikosebs ki yovelTvis hgoniaT, rom miuxedavaT
instruqciebisa ekrani unda Camiwdes yvelgan, sadac ki es moxerxdeba [4].
orwvera qselur kabelebs aqvT ramdenme modifikacia eqspluataciis
sxvadasxva pirobebSi muSaobisaTvis: miwisqveS gayvanilobisaTvis, moZravi
meqanizmebisaTvis, moqnilebi, sayrdenebSi damagrebisaTvis, zRvaze
gamoyenebisaTvis da sxv.
kabeluri produqciis meore variantia koaqcialuri kabeli,
romelic agreTve gamoiyeneba PROFIBUS-DP qselebSi. konstruqciulad
koaqsiuli kabeli Sedgeba (nax. 2.11.) centraluri wverisagan,
izoliaciisagan, romelic mas gars ertymis, metaluri badis ekranisagan
da gare garsacmisagan.

nax. 2.11. koaqsialuri kabelis konstruqcia

25
 eleqtruli signalebis gadacema xdeba centraluri wveriT, igi
warmoadgens erT gamtars - mTlian wvers, anda gamtarebis konas. weveri
garsSemortymulia izoliaciis feniT bademde. bade TamaSobs meore
gamtaris rols da icavs centralur wvers xelSeSlebisagan.
koaqsialuri kabeli ufro metad mdgradia xelSeSlebis mimarT,
signalebis mileva masSi ufro naklebia vidre grexil wyvilSi. amitom
misi gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia signalebis gadacemis saWiroebisas did
manZilebze.
arsebobs ori saxis koaqcialuri kabeli: wvrili da msxvili.
wvril kabels aqvs diametri daaxloebiT 0,5 sm (0,25 diumi). igi
gamosadegia praqtikulad nebismieri tipis cqselisaTvis. gadasacemi
signalis siSorea 185 metramde. msxvil kabels aqvs diametri daaxloebiT
1 sm. rac metia kabelis sisqe, mit metia misi winaaRmdegoba da amitom
signalebi gadaecema did manZilebze. sqeli kabeliT signali gadaecema
500 metramde. amitom es kabeli gamoiyeneba ZiriTad (magistraluri)
kabelad, romelic aerTianebs wvril koaqsialur kabelebze agebul
ramodenime vqsels.

nax. 2.12. triaqsialuri kabelis konstruqcia

26
 triaqsialuri kabeli, anu triaki, (nax. 2.12.) ganirCeva koaqsialuri
kabelisagan izoliaciis damatebiTi fenisa da meore ekranirebuli fenis
(gamtaris) arsebobiT.
koaqsialuri kabelisagan gansxvavebiT igi uzrunvelyofs gatarebis
ufro farTo zolsa da gazrdil xelSeSlamedegobas, magram igi ufro
Zviria. aq gare gamtari gamoiyeneba maekranirebel damiwebad.
aseTi kabelebis gadacemis siCqarea 100 mbit/wm-mde, magram isini 1,5 ...
3 – jer ufro Zviria xveulwyvilebian kabelebZe da ufro rTuli
misaerTebelia mimReb-gadamcemTan.
RS485 standarTebTan Sesabamisad informaciis gadacema xdeba
mimdevrobiT biti bitze asinqronuli meTodiT. monacemTa gadasacem baits
(b0 ... b7) Tan mihyveba startuli da stopuri bitebi da paritetis biti (nax.
2.13.). simSvidis mdgomareobas Seesabameba logikuri 1 iani.

nax. 2.13. baitis gadacemis drois diagrama

sqema, romelic warmodgenilia nax. 2.14. - ze gviCvenebs komunikaciis

Tanamonawileebis mierTebas qselis segmentis kabelTan.
komunikaciis TviToeul monawiles aqvs G maformirebeli
(eleqtronuli wredi anda rele), romlis saSualebiTac xdeba cifruli
signalebis gadacema saboloo datvirTvaSi (terminator) SemaerTebeli
kabeliT, da aqvs agreTve eleqtronuli wredi R (momxmarebeli), romlis
saSualebniTac xdeba orobiTi cifruli signalebis miReba
maformirebelisagan kabelis saSualebiT.
teqnikur dokumentaciaSi PROFIBUS qselis orTave gamtari
aRiniSneba,rogorc A – gamtari da B – gamtari.

27
 nax. 2.14. komunikaciis Tanamonawileebis mierTebis sqema qselur
kabelTan

G maformirebelis zemoqmedebis Sedegad saboloo datvirTvaze

xdeba A da B gamtarebis potencialebis cvlileba, rogorc es nax.
2.15 – zea naCvenebi.

nax. 2.15. kabelis gamtarebze arsebuli signalis struqtura

aseT gadacemas ewodeba gadacema diferencialuri signalebiT an

NRZ-kodiT gadacema (Non Return to Zero – nulTan dabrunebis gareSe),
winaaRmdeg RZ - kodisagan (Return to Zero – kodi nulTan dabrunebiT).
NRZ da RZ -kodis Tavisebureba kargad Cans nax. 2.16. - is analizidan.

28
 nax. 2.16. NRZ da RZ - kodebis ilustracia

PROFIBUS EN 50170 standartis normebis Sesabamisad

Tanamonawileebis mierTebisaTvis saltesTan rekomendirebulia 9 –
Stiriani gasarTis gamoyeneba (nax. 2.17).

nax. 2.17. salturi gasarTis sqema

qselis segmentis salturi gamtarebi orTave mxridan unda iyos

Caketili saboloo kvanZebze (ix. nax. 2.17. rezistorebi aseTi tipis
datvirTvisaTvis aris PROFIBUS -is TiTqmis yvela standartul gasarTSi
da SeiZleba mierTebulni iqnen ON-OF gadamrTvelebis saSualebiT
gasarTis korpusze.

29
 2.2.3. signalis optikuri gadacema
optikurboCkuri kabelebi FO (Fiber Optic) ZiriTadaT orientirebulni
arian marTvis ierarqiis ufro maRal sarTulebze samuSaod.
ganasxvaveben:
minis boCkovan kabelebs (FOC);
boCkoebs polimeruli garsacmiT PCF FOC (Polymerr Cladden Fibber)
kabeli;
plastikuri boCkoebiT POF (Plastic Optical Fiber).
imisgan damokidebulobiT, Tu ra tipis Suqgamtaria gamoyenebuli
kavSiris sigrZe SeiZleba iyos 15 km-mde minis Suqgamtaris SemTxvevaSi,
400 m-mde polimeruli garsacmiT da 80 m-mde plastikuri Suqgamtaris
SemTxvevaSi.
optikurboCkovani kabelis struqtura hgavs koaqsialuri kabelis
struqturas, mxolod centraluri spilenZis gamtaris nacvlad aq
gamoiyeneba wvrili minis boCko, xolo gare izoliaciis magivrad – minis
anda plastikuri garsacmi, romelic ar aZlevs SesaZleblobas Suqs
gamovides minis boCkos saZRvrebs gareT. am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs
Suqis srul Siga arekvlas gardatexis sxvadasxva koeficientebis mqone
ori garemos sazRvridan.

nax. 2.18. Suqis sxivis gardatexa

Tu kuTxe (nax. 2.18. a) metia raRac kuTxeze

30
sadac ori masalis gardatexis koeficientia, maSin xdeba sxivis
arekvla (nax. 2.18. b).
yvela optikuri kabeli iyofa or ZiriTad jgufad: mravalmoduri
da ertmoduri. cneba “moda” arwers Suqis sxivis gavrcelebis reJims
kabelis Siga gulanaSi.
mravalmodur kabelebSi gamoiyeneba farTo Siga gulanebi,
romlebic ufro martivi dasamZadebelia. standartebSi gansazRvrulia
ori yvelaze metad gamoyenebadi mravalmoduri kabeli: 62,5/125 mkm da
50/125 mkm, sadac 62,5 mkm an 50 mkm – centraluri gamtaris diametria,
xolo 125 mkm – gare gamtaris diametri. mravalmoduri boCkoebi iyofa
safexurebrivad da gradientulad.
mravalmodur boCko, romlis gardatexis maCvenebeli safexurebrivi
profiliTaa (nax. 2.19.a) gulanas minis gardatexis maCvenebeli erTnairia
mTeli ganivi kveTis mimarT da coTaTi metia, vidre garsacmis
gardatexis MmaCvenebeli.

nax. 2.19. optikuri boCkoebis gardatexis maCveneblebi

a) moduri boCko gardatexis safexurebrivi maCvenebliT,
b) moduri boCko gardatexis mdore maCvenebliT,
g) erTmoduri boCko

31
 sxivis impulsi, romelic vrceldeba boCkoSi, Sedgeba mravali
Semadgenlisagan (modebisagan). TviToeuli am modebisagani boCkos
Sesasvlelze Tavisi kuTxiT Sedis SuqgamtarSi da miemarTeba mis
gavliT, moZraobis sxvadasxva traeqtoriis gavliT. TviToeuli moda
gaivlis Suqgamtaris mTel sigrZes sxvadasxva drois ganmavlobaSi.
amitom, Tu ki Sesasvlelze movdebT mokle sworkuTxa impulss, maSin
gamosasvlelze miviRebT “gaWeWyil” drois mixedviT impulss. am
damaxinjebas uZaxian modur dispersias.
miTiTebuli dispersia SeiZleba Semcirebul iqnas, Tu ki gulanas
minis gardatexis maCvenebels davamzadebT mdored cvalebadi paraboluri
tipis, misi maqsimaluri mniSvnelobidan rac aRiniSneba Suqgamtaris
RerZidan gardatexis im mniSvnelobamde, rac aRiniSneba misi zedapirisa
da garsacmis gayofis sazRvarTan. Suqgamtars aseTi profiliT ewodeba
gradientuli boCkovani Suqgamtari (nax. 2.19. b).
erTmodur kabelSi gamoiyeneba Zalzed mcire diametric
centraluri gamtari (nax. 2.19. g), romelic Tanabarzomieria Suqis
talRis sigrZisa – 5 dan 10 mkm – mde. amasTan Suqis yvela sxivi
vrceldeba Suqis optikuri RerZis gaswvriv, ise rom ar airekleba gare
gulanadan. aseTi kabelis damzadeba warmoadgens rTul teqnologiur
process, ras Zalzed aZvirebs mas.
erTmodemuri kabelebisTvis gamoiyeneben mxolod lazerul
diodebs, radgan optikuri boCkos mcire diametric SemTxvevaSi Suqis
nakadi, romelsac qmnis Suqdiodi SeuZlebelia didi danakargebis gareSe
mivmarToT boCkoSi. amitom ufro iafi Suqdioduri masxiveblebi
gamoiyeneba mxolod mravalmoduri kabelebisTvis. perspeqtivaSi
erTmodemuri kabeli unda gaxdes ZiriTadi, misi SesaniSnavi
maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mileva maqsimaluria:
meqanikuri dazianebebis SemTxvevaSi;
kabelis TviToeul boloSi Sesrulebuli SeerTebebiT;

32
 gadaRunvebSi.
tipiuri kavSiris xazi SeiZleba muSaobdes 1 – 2 kilometris
manZilze gammeoreblebis gareSe.
kabeli Cveulebriv Sedgeba ori Suqgamtarisagan, romlebic
moTavSebulia damcavi garsacmis SigniT. magaliTad, nax. 2.20 – ze
warmodgenilia optikur-boCkovani kabelis IUNDOOR –is konstruqcia
gardatexis mdore koeficientiT da boCkos diametriT 62,5 mkm da
garsacmis diametriT 125 mkm. kabelis gare zomebi 6,3 x 9,8 mm. gaRunvis
dasaSvebi radiusia 100 mm, dasaSvebi gamwelavi Zala – 500 H, gadacemis
siCqarea 9,6 kbt/wm – dan 12 mbt/w – mde.

nax. 2.20. optikur-boCkovani IUNDOOR kabelis struqtura

warmodgenili kabelis daniSnulebaa iatakszeda samontaJo

samuSaoebSi gamoyeneba (maszed SeiZleba fexiT siaruli), daxurul
saTavsebSi gamoyeneba, adgilebSi, romlebic daculia atmosferuli
zemoqmedebisagan.
optikurboCkovan kabels aqvs Semdegi saxis Rirsebebi:
maRali swrafqmedeba – 1000 mbt/wm;
100% ganmxoloeba potencialebis;
ar moqmedebs eleqtromagnituri xelSeSlebi;
ar gamoasxivebs xelSeSlebs;
praqtikulad SeuZlebelia arasanqcinirebuli mosmena, radganac ec
iTxovs kabelis mTlianobis darRvevas.

33
 cecxlis mimarT medegia;
optikurboCkovani kabelis Rirebuleba mudmivad mcirdeba da
amJamad daaxloebiT tolia wvrili koaqsialuri kabelis
Rirebulebisa.
miuxedavad amisa, optikurboCkovan kabels aqvs garkveuli
xarvezebic. maTgan yvelaze mTavaria montaJis maRali Rirebuleba.
gasarTebis dayenebisas moiTxoveba mikronuli sizuste. kabelis bolos
sizustisagan da misi gaprialebis xarisxisagan mkveTradaa damokidebuli
milevebi gasarTSi. amitom optikurboCkovani kabeli ZiriTadaT iyideba
sxvadasxva sigrZis mqone winaswar daWril naWrebad, romelTa orTave
boloebze ukve dayenebulia saWiro tipis gasarTebi.
optikurboCkovani kabeli ufri gamZlea, vidre eleqtruli.
temperaturis mkveTri cvlilebisas minis boCko SeiZleba gaibzaros.
meqanikuri dartymebis dros da agreTve ultrabgeris zemoqmedebisas
SesaZl;ebelia egreTwodebuli mikrofonuri efeqti.
xarvezia aseve “wertili-wertilze” (End to end) gadacema signalis
eleqtruli ganaxlebis saWiroebiT. amisaTvis aucilebelia
eleqtrooptikuri mowyobilobebis gamoyeneba (ix. nax. 2.21).

nax. 2.21. Suqsignalis eleqtruli ganaxleba

34
 qselis TviToeuli monakveTisTvis Suqsignali gardaiqmneba
eleqtrulSi, Semdeg gaZlierdeba, isev gardaiqmneba Suqsignalad da
miewodeba kabelis Semdeg segments. es gammeoreblebi rTulebi da Zvirebi
arian.
D qselis or kvanZs Sori dupleqsuri gadacemis organizebisTvis
saWiroa ori boCko, TiTo gadacemis TviToeuli mimarTulebisaTvis.
optokur-boiCkovani xazebis umetesobaSi gamoiyeneba didi simZlavris
Suqis wyaroebi. arasdros ar SeeCadoT CaixedoT kabelSi erTi mxridan,
imis gasdagebaT, muSaobs Tu ara gadamcemi. Tu ki gindaT darwmundeT
kabelis mTlianobaSi saWiroa gamorToT igi orTave mxridan da
gamocdisaTvis gamoiyenoT mcire simZlavris varvarebis natura. mraval
SemTxvevaSi gadamcemis gamosxiveba, romelic gamoiyeneba monacemTa
gadacemisaTvis imyofeba xiluli diapazonis gareT da vizualurad
SeuZlebelia misi aRqma. magram miuxedavad amisa es saxifaToa
mxedvelobisaTvis.
momavalSi kabelis es tipi, albaT, gamoaZevebs eleqtrul kabelebs,
anda yovel SemTxvevaSi Zlierad Seaviwrovebs mas. spilenZis maragebi
planetaze iwureba, xolo nedleuli minis warmoebisaTvis sakmarisze
metia.

2.2.4. signalis usadeno gadacema

signalebis umavTulo gadacemisaTvis PROFIBUS qselSi gamoiyeneba
infrawiTeli gamosxiveba (televizoris distanciuri marTvis pultis
msgavsad). misi mTavari upiratesoba radioarxTan SedarebiT aris misi
ugrZnobloba eleqtromagnitur xelSeSlebTan. es ki SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs gamoviyenoT igi warmoebis pirobebSi. marTalia am dros saWiro
xdeba gadacemis maRali simZlavris gamoyeneba, raTa masze ar moqmedebdes
Tburi gamosxivebis (infrawiTeli) araviTari swva wyaroebi. infrawiTeli
arxebi iTxoven Zvir mimRebebsa da gadamcemebs, amitom am infrawiTel
arxebs iyeneben iSviaT SemTxvevebSi.

35
 PROFIBUS qselebSi infrawiTeli gadacemebisaTvis gamoiyeneba ILM
(Infrared Link Module), rac SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs miuerToT umavTuloT
PROFIBUS mimdevni mowyobilobebi 15 m-mde manZilze (nax. 2.22. a).

nax. 2.22. usadeno gadacema infrawiTel diapazonSi

arsebobs informaciis gacvlis variantebi principiT “wertili -

wertili”, sadac kavSiri xorcieldeba uSualod gadamcemidan
mimRebisaken, da principiT “wertili - mravalwertili”, rodesac
muSaoben kedlebidan, Weridan da sxva sagnebidan arekvlil signalebze.
magram, am SemTxvevaSi kavSiri SeiZleba Sedges mxolod erTi saTavsis
SigniT.
nax. 2.22.b – ze naCvenebia gadamcemidan infrawiTeli gamosxivebis
gavrcelebis konusi. gadamwodidan 11 metris daSorebiT konusis fuZe
Seadgens 4 metrs.
umavTulo gadacemis upiratesobebia:
sawarmoo monakveTze mierTebuli komponentebis maRali mobiluroba
(mag. urika);
cveTis ararseboba gamorTvisa da CarTvis dros;
eleqtruli ganmxoloeba kvanZebsa da gamtarul qsels Soris.
usadeno gadacemis SezRudvebia:
iTxovs Ria sivrces da sasurvel pirdapir xilvadobas kvanZebs
Soris;

36
 gadacemis siCqare 1,5 mbit/wm – mde;
aseT qselebSi SesaZlebelia mxolod erTi wamyvani kvanZis
arseboba;
ramdenime ILM – is gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi interferenciisagan
dacvis mizniT SerCeul unda iyos Sesabamisi distanciebi
gadamcemebs Soris.

2.3. PROFIBUS saltesTan wvdomis marTva

PROFIBUS saltesTan wvdomis marTvis Taviseburebas warmoadgens is,
rom Tu qselis abonentebis (kvanZebis, monawileebis) raodenoba ar aris
127 –ze meti, maSin xolod erT abonents SeuZlia informaciis gadacema
qselSi. yvela danarCeni abonenti aanalizeben Tu romel abonentTanaa
damisamarTebuli informacia da mxolod am misamarTis mqone abonenti
iRebs am gadacemul informacias.
PROFIBUS-DP - s daxmarebiT SeiZleba realizebul iqnas Mono-master
sistemebi (erTi wamyvani mowyobilobiT) da Multi-master (ramdenime wamyvani
mowyobilobiT).
nax. 2.23-ze warmodgenilia Mono-master sistema.

nax. 2.23. Mono-master sistemis struqtura

Mono-master sistemis dros salteze aqtiuria mxolod erTi wamyvani.

muSaobis am reJimSi miiRweva saltes ciklis umciresi dro. Multi-master

37
sistemaSi erT salteze mierTebulia ramdenime aqtiuri mowyobiloba (ix.
nax. 2.24).
am SemTxvevaSi realizdeba saltesTan miwvdomis hibriduli xerxi.
erT SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofdeba marker Token-iT decentralizebuli
gacvla informaciisa (inglisurad aRniSnavs “amomcnobel niSans”, anu
gansakuTrebul gadmocemas) aqtiur monawileebsa (Master-ebTan) da
centralizebul gacvlasTan Master-Slave. TviToeul PROFIBUS- monawileebs
daeniSneba calsaxa misamarTi 0 - dan 126 areSi. PROFIBUS saltesTan
wvdomis meTodi ar aris damokidebuli gadacemis gamoyenebul garemoze .
mag. spilenZi an optikuri baCko.
aqtiuri monawileni logikur markerul wredSi (Token Ring) – Si
mowesrigebulia maTi misamarTebis zrdis mixedviT. am wreSi markeri
yovelTvis gadaecema erTi monawilidan Semdeg monawileze. markerisa da
masTan erTad salteze wvdomis ufleba aqtiur monawileebs Soris
gadaecema specialuri marker-telegramis saSualebiT. markeris TiTo
mimarTvis dros yvela aqtiuri monawileebTan ewodeba markeris mimarTvis
dro.

nax. 2.24. Multi-master sistemis struqtura

yvela aqtiuri Tanamonawilis misamarTi SeaqvT aqtiuri sadgurebis
siaSi LAS (List of Active Station). TviToeuli Master - saTvis gansazRvrulia

38
winamdebare sadguris misamarTi PS (Previous Station), saidanac miewodeba
markeri da Semdegi sadguris misamarTi NS (Next Station), sadac gadaecema
markeri. LAS aucilebelia wridan im Master - ebis gamosaTiSad, romlebic
gamosuli arian mwyobridan da axali monawileebis misaRebad.
DP Master - ebi iyofa or klasad. 1-li klasis Master - ebi, es is Master -
ebia, romlebic cvlian Setyobinenebs Tavis Slave - ebTan kavSiris Tavis
ciklSi, me-2 klasis Master - ebi, es damuSavebis, maprogramirebeli da
madiagnostirebeli mowyobilobebia. isini mierTebulni arian saltesTan
da SeuZliaT im monacemebis wakiTxva, romlebic warmoiqmneba salteze M
Master - sa da Slave - ebs Soris monacemTa gadacvlis momentSi.
Master – Slave - xerxi aZlevs saSualebas wamyvan mowyobilobas,
romelsac aqvs gadacemis ufleba, miakiTxos masTan mimagrebul mimdevn
mowyobilobebs. amasTan wamyvanma mowyobilobam SeiZleba gadasces
mimdevn mowyobilobebs Setyobinebebi, anda miiRos Setyobinebebi pasiuri
mowyobilobebidan.

2.4. PROFIBUS salteebis topologia

2.4.1. RS485 gadacemis teqnikis mqone salteebis topologia
topologiurad PROFIBUS sistema gadacemis RS485 teqnikiT Sedgeba
orTave mxareze datvirTuli saltiT, romelic, rogorc ukve
moxseniebul iyo zemoT, aRiniSneba rogorc RS485 saltis segmenti.
saltur segmentze SeiZleba mierTebul iyos 32 Tanamonawile.
Tu PROFIBUS sistemaze saWiroa 32-ze meti Tanamonawilis mierTeba, maSin
saWiro iqneba gammeoreblebis gamoyeneba (Repeater – repiteri). maT
SeuZliaT signalebis aRdgena. RS485 repiterebis raodenobam SeiZleba
miaRwios 9. mxolod gammeoreblebis gamoenebiT SeiZleba miRweul iyos
TanamonawileTa maqsimaluri raodenoba PROFIBUS konfiguraciaSi.

39
 nax. 2.25-ze warmodgenilia PROFIBUS qselis topologia sami
segmentiTa da ori ganmmerorebliT. sqemaSi CarTulia S7-300 da S7-400
kontrolerebi, PG programatori da OP operatoris paneli.
TviToeuli segmentis orTave boloze mierTebulia ASemaTanxmebeli
saboloo datvirTva (terminatori).
saboloo datvirTva CaSenebulia saltur Stekerebsa (ix. nax. 2.17)
da saltur terminalebSi, romelic aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
CarTul iyos winaswar gaTvaliswinebuli gadamrTvelebiT. igi agreTve
CaSenebulia RS485 gammeorebelsa da ILM modulebSi.

nax. 2.25. PROFIBUS RS485 gadacemis teqnikis mqone qselis topologia

2.4.2. topologia CaSenebuli optikuri interfeisis gamoyenebiT

PROFIBUS optikuri qselebi gamoiyeneba, upirveles yovlisa, Semdeg
SemTxvevebSi:
a) Sors manZilze informaciis gadacemis aucileblobisaTvis;
b) maRal siCqareebze gadacemis aucileblobisaTvis;
c) gare xelSeSlebis didi doneebis arsebobisas.

40
optikuri interfeisi (FO) aqvT Simatic S7-400 da ET 200M sadgurebi.
segmentebTan dakavSirebisaTvis, sadac gamoiyeneba RS485 teqnologia,
arian optikuri sasalte terminali OBT (Optical Bus Terminal) da optikutri
kavSiris moduli OLM (Optic Link Module).
OBT - s daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia qselis calkeuli kvanZebis
mierTeba, romelTac ara aqvT FO porti anda RS485 segmenti. OLM
modulebSi aris potencialurad daukavSirebeli eleqtruli arxi, da
imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoraa Sesrulebuli – erTi an ori optikuri
arxi. OLM modulebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas 9,6 kbt/wm – idan 12
mbt/wm – mde gadacemis siCqareebis dros. gadacemis siCqare ganisazRvreba
avtomaturad.
nax. 2.26 – ze moyvanilia salturi topologiis magaliTi OBT и OLM
modulebis gamoyenebiT. aq, yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom OLM,
sxvadasxva teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare ar SeiZleba
mierTebul iqnas uSualod CaSenebul optikur interfeiss anda OBT – ss.

nax. 2.26 PROFIBUS-DP qseli CaSenebuli FO - interfeisiani kvanZebiT

41
 OLM modulebis optikuri portebi optimizirebulebi arian did
manZilebze samuSaod. amitom maTi gamoyeneba rekomendirebulia maSin,
roca kvanZebs Soris manZili aWarbebs 300 m – s, Tanac mxolod minis
kabelebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.

2.4.3. usadeno qselebis agebis topologia

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, PROFIBUS qselis ojaxSi usadeno
qselebis realizacia infrawiTeli kavSiris ILM modulis gamoyenebiT.
wertili-wertili arxis realizaciiT ILM – is ori moduli ganlagdebian
erTmaneTis mimarT sawinaaRmdegoT saxeebiT. modulebs Soris
maqsimalurma manZlma ar unda gadaaWarbos 15 m – s. PROFIBUS ILM – is
ori moduli Caanacvleben kabelur SeerTebas or qselur segments Soris
(nax. 2.27.). aseTi variantis gamoyenebis dros unda gvaxsovdes, rom arxis
sigrZe Sedgeba ILM modulisgan amreklavamde manZilisa da amreklavidan
me-2 ILM modulamde manZilebis jamisgan. signalis Sesusteba agreTve
xdeba imisagan, rom amreklavma SeiZleba aireklos mxolod nawili
infrawiTeli signalisa. es kargvebi ki amcireben arxis maqsimalur
sigrZes.

nax. 2.27. qseli infrawiTeli arxebis gamoyenebi

42
 Tavi III - PROFIBUS-DP qselis ageba
3.1. PROFIBUS-DP qselebis konfiguraciis variantebi
qvemoT ganixileba PROFIBUS-DP qselebis konfiguraciis variantebi
romelic SeiZleba STEP 7-Si.
nax. 3.1. – ze warmodgenilia qselis konfiguracia martivi mimdevni
DP – ebiT. martivi mimdevni DP – s qveS igulisxmeba periferiuli ET 200
tipis mowyobilobebi (Slave), romelTac aqvT Seyvana-gamoyvanis modulebi.
Tavis mxriv marTivi Slave – bi. iyofa modulur da komfaqtur nawilebad.
modulurs ganekuTvneba, mag. ET 200M mowyobilobebi, romelic Sedgeba
interfeisuli modulisgan IM153-2F0, romelic dakavSirebulia Master –
Tan da IM153-2F0 – Tan misaerTebel S7-300 - kontroleris 8 modulTan.
komfaqtur Sleve – bs miekuTvneba Semdegi tipis mowyobilobebi: ЕТ 200В, ЕТ
200iS, ЕТ 200L, romlebic Sedgeba klemebis blokisgan da eleqtronuli
blokisagan mcire raodenobis Sesasvlelebisa da gamosasvlelebisaTvis.
wamyvani DP – s rols asrulebs programirebadi logikuri
kontrolerebi, mag. procesoruli modulebiT CPU 31x-2DP, CPU 31xC-2DP
anda specialuri komunikaciuri procesoruli modulebiT CP ...

nax. 3.1. qselis konfiguracia martivi mimdevni DP – ebiT

warmodgenil konfiguraciaSi monacemTa gacvla wamyvan DP (Master

DP) da mimyol DP – ebs (Sleve DP) xorcieldeba wamyvani DP - s marTviT.

43
wamyvani DP erTmaneTis miyolebiT miakiTxavs mimdevn DP – ebs, romlebic
Seitanebian konfiguraciul cxrilebSi qselis programirebis dros. am
mikiTxvis dros igi miiRebs Sesasvlel monacemebs anda gadascems
gamosasvlel monacemebs am mimdevn DP – ebs. Sesasvlelebisa da
gamosasvlelebis misamarTebis mikuTvneba xdeba avtomaturad sistemis
konfigurirebis dros.
am konfiguracias, rac ukve miTiTebuli iyo zeviT, mikuTvnebuli
aqvs monomaster – sistemis saxelwodeba, radgan erT fizikur qselSi
CarTulia erTi masteri mTeli Tavisi mimyoli DP sistemiT.
nax. 3.2. – ze warmodgenilia qselis konfiguracia, romelic gansxvavdeba
nax. 3.1. – ze naCvenebi qselisagan inteleqtualuri mimdevni mowyobilobis
arsebobiT (I-Slave). inteleqtualuri mimdevni mowyobilobebis magaliTebia
CPU 315-2DP, CPU 316-2DP, CPU 318-2DP sadgurebi.

nax. 3.2. qselis konfiguracia inteleqtualuri mimdevni DP –iT

inteleqtualuri Slave – s qveS igulisxmeba programirebadi

kontroleri, mag. CPU 315-2DP procesoris mqone SIMATIC S7-300, romelic
SeiZleba iseTive iyos rogorc programirebadi kontroleri, romelic
Masrulebs Master – is rols. igi SeiZleba Seicavdes erT an ramdenime
stoikas, rogorc diskretuli aseve analoguri signalebis Seyvana-
gamoyvani modulebiT. igi marTavs avtomatizaciis Tavis obieqts, magram
SeuZlia qselis gavliT daukavSirdes Master – s da gadasces mas Tavisi
monacemebi, anda miiRos misgan TavisTvis aucileblad saWiro monacemebi.

44
 magaliTad, I-Slave marTavs avtomatizaciis Tavis obieqts, magram am
obieqtis muSaobis reJimi “xeliT” anda “avtomaturi” evaleba Master – iT.
xolo am Master – s ki am obieqtisagan, romelic imarTeba I-Slave - isagan
esaWiroeba informacia asvariuli situaciis esaxeb anda kvanZis romelime
obieqtis mdgomareobis (moZraobebi/gaCerebebi) Sesaxeb.
Master – isagan ar dgindeba Sesasvleli da gamosasvleli modulebi
inteleqtualur mimdevn DP – ze. es Semdegnairad keTdeba. I-Slave
mowyobiloba gamoyofs Sualedur mexsierebas Master – Tan informaciis
gacvlisaTvis (nax. 3.3.).
Step 7 - Si SeiZleba daproeqtdes 32 - mde Sesasvlelebisa da
gamosasvlelebis samisamarTo are. TviToeuli am areTagans SeiZleba
hqondes 32 baitamde sigrZe. sul SeiZleba daproeqtdes Sesasvlelebis
244 baiti da gamosasvlelebis 244 baiti. yvela es damisamarTeba xdeba
qselis proeqtirebisas I-Slave-s konfigurirebis etapze.

nax. 3.3. CPU kontroleris Sualeduri mexsiereba, romelic gamoiyeneba

rogorc I-Slave

Sualedur mexsierebasTan muSaobis dros unda gaTvaliswinebul

iqnas Semdegi wesebi:

45
 - I-Slaves–s Sesasvleli monacemebi yovelTvis Master - is gamosasvlel
monacemebs warmoadgenen;
- I-Slaves–s gamosasvleli monacemebi yovelTvis Master - is Sesasvlel
monacemebs warmoadgenen;
- momxmareblis programaSi monacemebTan mikiTxva SeiZleba
CatvirTvisa da gadacemis MUVE brZanebis daxmarebiT anda SFC14
da SFC15 funqciebis daxmarebiT;
- calkeuli samisamarTi areebis umcrosi misamarTi warmoadgens
sawsyis misamarTs misamarTebis Sesabamisi areebisaTvis;
- Master - isa da I-Slaves – is areebis Sesabamisi misamarTebis sigrZe,
zomis erTeuli da SeTanxmebuloba unda iyos erTnairi.
SesaZlebelia qselis iseTi konfiguracia (nax. 3.4.), romelic
gansxvavdeba nax. 3.2.-ze naCvenebi qselis konfiguraciisagan imiT, rom am
konfiguraciaSi Sesasvleli monacemebi mimyoli DP – ebidan
SesaZlebelia Zalzed swrafad gadacemul iqnas gadacemulni
inteleqtualur mimdevn DP – ebs. am meTodiT, martiv mimdevn DP – ebs,
anda sxva inteleqtualur mimdevn DP – ebs SeuZliaT, principSi
uzrunvelyon calkeuli Sesasvleli monacemebis DX (direct data exchange)
pirdapiri gadacema mimdevn DP – ebs Soris.

DP nax. 3.4. konfiguracia monacemTa pirdapiri gacvliT:

Slave > I-Slave

46
 nax. 3.5–ze warmodgenilia konfiguracia ori wamyvan–sistemiT.
warmodgenil sistemas SeiZleba vuwodoT multimasteruli sistema. am
xerxiT inteleqtualuri mimdevni mimdevn DP – ebi, iseTebi rogoricaa
CPU 315-2DP, iTvaliswineben mimdevni DP – ebidan pirdapir gadacemas
Sesasvleli monacemebis Tavis areSi, da ara marto maTgan, aramed sxva
master–sistemebisganac ki.

nax. 3.5. konfiguracia ori master sistemiT

SesaZlebelia iseTi qselis konfiguracia, sadac xdeba Sesasvleli

monacemebis pirdapiri gadacema inteleqtualuri anda ubralo wamyvani DP
–dan uSualod meore master–sistems wamyvan DP –Si. am “meqanizms”
ewodeba “saerTo Sesasvleli”, radganac Sesasvleli monacemebi
gamoiyeneba DP master–sistemis saZRvrebs gareT.

nax. 3.6. konfiguracia ori master–sistemiT gacvliT monacemTa

pirdapiri I-Slave>Master

47
 3.2. PROFIBUS-DP qselis agebis magaliTi
3.2.1. Siemens–is firma warudgens momxmarebels Zalian farTo
informacias PROFIBUS-DP proeqtirebis Sesaxeb. magram rogorc
gviCvenebs maswavleblis gamocdileba gacilebiT sasargebloa
qselebis proeqtirebisa da programirebis ZiriTadi etapebi
ganvixiloT realuri qselis damuSavebis patara magaliTze. am
etapze miRebuli gamocdileba mogvcems drois ekonomiis
SesaZleblobas ufro rTuli qselis damuSavebis dros.
es qveTavi gaangariSebulia im mkiTxvelze, romlisTvisac cnobilia
programirebadi SIMATIC kontrolerebis konfigurirebisa da
programirebis principebi. qvemoT warmodgenil magaliTSi
programirebis dros gamoiyeneba kiburi (kontaqturi gegma) diagramebis
ena (LAD - inglisur abreviaturaSi an KOP – germanulSi).
igulisxmeba, rom mkiTxvels aqvs am enaze programirebis
gamocdileba.
3.2.2. qselis magaliTad gamodgeba laboratoruli danadgaris
qseli, romelic gamoiyeneba PROFIBUS-DP qselis Seswavlis dros
“eleqtroamZravebisa da samrewvelo danadgarebis avtomatizaciis”
kaTedrebze saxadasxva teqnikuri universitetebSi.
3.2.3. laboratoriuli danadgaris Semadgenloba warmodgenilia
nax. 3. 7. – ze. qselis yvela mowyobilobis kveba xdeba safirmo kvebis
wyaroTi PS307 - iT, romlis denis Zalaa 5 a. (SekveTis nomeria 307-1EA00-
OAAO).
Master-is rols asrulebs ” SIMATIC S7-300 (Master S7-300)”
kontroleri, romelic Seicavs CPU 315-2DP (SekveTis nomeria 315-2G10-
OABO), diskretuli Seyvana/gamoyvanis moduli SM323 DI8/DI8/DO8xDC24V
(SekveTis nomeria 323-1BH01-OAAO) da diskretuli gamoyvanis moduli
SM322 D08xDC24/2A (SekveTis nomeria 322-1BH01-OAAO).
martivi moduluri Slave warmodgenilia “decentralizebuli
periferiis ЕТ 200М (Slave ET 200M)” moduliT, romelic Seicavs

48
intrefeisul moduls IM153-2FO (SekveTis nomeri 153-2BBOO-OXBO) da
Seyvana/gamoyvanis moduls SM323 DI16/DO16xDC24V (SekveTis nomeri 323-
1BL00-OAAO).
inteleqtualuri wamyvani I-Slave warmodgenilia ”SIMATIC S7-300 (Slave
S7-300) kontroleris” moduliT, romelic Seicavs CPU 315-2DP –s
(SekveTis nomeria 315-2G10-OABO), diskretuli Seyvanis moduliT
DI16xDC24V (SekveTis nomeria 321-1BH50-OAAO) da diskretuli gamoyvanis
moduliT SM322 DO16xDC24V/0,5 A (SekveTis nomeria 322-1BH10-OAAO).
Seqmnili qselis testirebisTvis gamoiyeneba “imitaciuri
signalebis bloki”–s moduli. misi daniSnulebaa mmarTveli brZanebebis,
gadamwodebebisgan signalebis (Rilakebi, tumblerebi) da gamomavali
signalebis (Suqdiodebi) imitaciisaTvis. igi dayofilia sam nawilad.
TviToeul nawilSi ganTavsebulia Rilakebis, tumblerebis da
Suqdiodebis jguebi Sesabamisad Master’a S7-300 – isaTvis, Slave’a S7-300 –
isaTvis da Slave’a ET 200M – isaTvis.

nax. 3.7. laboratoruli danadgaris struqturuli sqema

qselis warmodgenis sisrulisaTvis laboratorul danadgarSi

gamoyenebulia rogorc xveuli wyvilis tipis gamtaruli kabelebi RS485
interfeisisaTvis, aseve plastikur–optikuri kabeli. optikuri salturi

49
terminali (ost) uzrunvelyofs gamtaruli kabelidan plastikur–
optikurze. 3.7. gadasvlas. sqemaze naCvenebia:

- uwyveti xazebiT – mudmivi Zabvis dabalvoltiani kvebis kabelebi;

- daStrixuli xazebiT – PROFIBUS-DP qselis gamtaruli kabelebi
(xveuli wyvili);
- uwyveti msxvili xaziT – plastikur–optikuri kabeli;
- Strixpunqtiruli xaziT – programirebuli kontrolerebisa da
ЕТ200М–is kavSiri imitaciuri signalebis blokebTan.
qselisa da programirebadi kontrolereebis programireba xdeba IBM
tipis personaluri kompiuteriT (sistemuri bloki, monitori,
klaviatura, Tagvi) CPU procesoruli modulebis DP gasarTis
gamoyenebiT, amitom kompiuterTan kavSiris adapteri mierTebulia
uSualoT qselTan.
5.2.4. konfigurirebisa da programirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba STEP7
standarTuli programuli uzrunvelyofa.
programul proeqtTan muSaoba xdeba “SIMATIC Manager” proeqtebis
menejeSi. “SIMATIC Manager”–is gaSvebisaTvis aucilebelia Windows–is

samuSao magidaze orjer davawkapunoT Tagvis kursoriT iarlikze: –

gaiReba fanjara “SIMATIC Manager” (nax. 3.8.).
!!! Tqven SemogTavazeben isargebloT erTi sistemis Seqmnis masteriT
(gamartivebuli varianti). amitom aucilebelia ukuagdoT
SemoTavazebuli winadadeba, “Cancel” (ukugdebis) daWeriT.

nax. 3.8. SIMATIC Manager – is fanjara

50
axali proeqtis Sesaqmnelad aucilebelia mTavar meniuSi avirCioT
“File” [faili] “New…”. mianiWeT proeqts saxeli da datoveT fanjara.
gaiReba axali proeqtis fanjara.
amis Semdeg aucilebeli iqneba obieqtebis Seqmna: amisTvis saWiroa
gamovyoT proeqts fanjris marjvena nawili da gavaRoT konteqsturi
meniu Tagvis marjvena Rilakis gamoyenebiT, avirCioT “Insert new object”
[CasviT axali obieqti]. CavsvaT proeqtSi “SIMATIC 300 Station” sadguri.
es axlad Casmuli obieqti gamoCndeba fanjris marjvena naxevarSi. am
obieqts, iseve rogorc yvela sxva obieqts SeiZleba mivaniWoT, obieqtis
specifikuri saxeli. mivaniWoT, magaliTad “Master S7-300” saxeli. CavsvaT
kidev erTi sadguri “SIMATIC 300 Station” da “PROFIBUS” qseli, mivceT
saxelebi “Slave S7-300” da “Profibus (1)” Sesabamisad.
“Master S7-300” – is konfigurireba moxdeba fanjris marcxena
nawilSi “Master S7-300” warweraze daWeriT. fanjris maejvena nawilSi

gamoCndeba niSani: – [ aparatura]. daawkapeT masze, gamoCndeba

aparaturis konfigurirebis fanjara – “HW Config”.
fanjris marjvena nawilSi ganlagebulia “Hardware Catalog”
[aparaturis katalogi] – is fanjara. modulebis damateba unda moxdes am
katalogisgan, romelic Sedgeba SIMATIC–is aparaturis komponentebis
siisgan.
am katalogSi, Tqveni struqturisTvis, papkaSi SIMATIC 300/RACK-300
airCieT centraluri Taro (mwkrivi) “Rail” [profiluri salte].
Drag&Drop teqnologiiT gadaitaneT es dgani sadguris fanjaraSi. aq
dgani gamoCndeba sadguris fanjris zeda nawilSi, mcire
konfiguraciuli cxrilis saxiT. sadguris fanjris qveda nawilSi
gamoCndeba dganis dawvrilebiTi aRweriloba damatebiTi monacemebiT.
alternativis saxiT SeiZleba orjer davawkapunoT arCeul
modulze Tagvis marcxena RilakiT, da igi gamoCndeba konfiguraciul
cxrilSi.

51
 ZiriTadi veli (ix. nax. 3.9.) Seicavs CPU – sa da modulebze Semdegi
saxis monacemebs:
1) Slot – sistemaSi modulis pozicias. me–3 pozicia gamoiyeneba
mxolod interfeisuli modulisaTvis;
2) Module – is anda CPU – s tipi;
3) Order number – Module – is anda CPU – s SesakveTi nomeri;
4) I address – Seyvanis Module – is anda CPU – s SesaZlebeli misamarTi;
5) Q address – gamoyvanis Module – is anda CPU – s SesaZlebeli
misamarTi;
6) Comment – komentarebis Setanis striqoni.

nax. 3.9. «HW Config» – is fanjara

dganze (nax. 3.9.) yendeba kvebis bloki PS (aucileblobis

SemTxvevaSi) da modulebi (mag. CPU) “Hardware Catalog”–is fanjridan. is
slotebi sadac SeiZleba ama Tu im modulis dayeneba gamoirCeva feriT.
Drag&Drop teqnologiiT, anda Tagvis marcxena Rilakze ormagi
dawkapunebiT gadaitaneT es modulebi Sesabamis striqonebSi
(konfiguraciuli cxrilebi).
rodesac Tqven gamohyofT moduls katalogSi Tagvis marcxena
Rlakis gamoyenebiT, maSin katalogis qveda nawilSi gamoCndeba am
modulis SekveTis nomeri, romelic datanilia modulis korpusze.
aucilebelia yuradRebiT yofna, imisaTvis, rom konfiguraciul cxrilSi

52
miTiTebuli modulis SekveTis nomeri SesabamisobaSi iyos realurad
stendze dayenebuli modulis nomerTan.
STEP 7 amowmebs, xom ar aris darRveuli slotebis Sesaxeb
miRebuli wesabi, mag. CPU S7-300 SeiZleba dayenebul iqnas mxolod me–2
slotze.
Ø – slotebis Sesaxeb arsebuli wesebis darRvevis simvoloa.
!!! alternativis saxiT, Tqven SegiZliaT asaeve gamohyoT Sesabamisi
striqoni, anda ramdenime striqoni, komfiguraciul cxrilSi da orjer
daawkapunoT aparaturis katalogis fanjaraSi “Hardware Catalog” sasurvel
modulze. Tu ki gamoyofilia ramdenime striqoni, maSin yvela
gamoyofili striqoni aRjurvilni iqneba am moduliT erTbaSad.
!!! Tu gamovyofT slots modulebis dganSi da gavxsniT konteqsturad–
damokidebul menius (Tagvis masrjvena RilakiT) “Insert Object”
[obieqtis Casma] an “Replace Object” [obieqtis Secvla], maSin Cven SeiZleba
davinaxoT yvela im modulebis sia, romlebic SesaZloa Cayenebul iqmas
am adgilas. es SesaZlebloba Tavidan agacilebT Tqven saWiro modulis
Zebnis aucileblobisagan aparaturis katalogSi. Tqven SegiZliaT
Tavisuflad aarCioT sWiro moduli yvela im modulebisagan, romlebic
imyofebian katalogis mimdinare Ria profilSi.
!!! gaxsovdeT, modulebi slotebSi SegiZliaT ganalagoT imave
TanmimdevrobiT, rogorac arian ganlagebuli fizikurad da imave
SesakveTi nomrebiT, romlebic miTiTebulia maTSi.
CPU Master – is Cayenebis dros unda SevarCioT “Profibus (1)”
mierTeba qselTan. amisaTvis “Properties – PROFIBUS interface DP (RO/S2.1)”
gamoCenil fanjaraSi gamoyaviT striqoni “Profibus (1)” da daaWireT
Rilaks. zeda fanjaraSi gamoCndeba saltis gamosaxuleba (ubralo
eniT “Ruza”), romelzedac SeerTebulmi iqnebian qselis komponentebi.
Tu ki konfiguraciul cxrilSi CavsvavT Seyvana/gamoyvanis modulebs,
maSin STEP7 avtomaturad miakuTvnebs maT misamarTebs. es misamarTebi ki

53
aucilebelia mxedvelobaSi iqnas miRebuli marTvis obieqtis
avtomatizaciis momzadebis dros.
amis Semdeg salteze yendeba Profibus (1) Slave ЕТ 200М. amisaTvis
saWiroa aparaturis katalogis PROFIBUS-DP ganyofilebaSi moiZebnos
ganyofileba ЕТ 200М da misgan Drag&Drop meTodiT gadavitanoT saltis
gamosaxulebaze TviT komulikaciuri procesori IM153-2FD, xolo
sabolooT davayenoT masSi DI/DO-300 “SM323” (diskretuli signalebis
Seyvana/gamoyvanis bloki).
Catarebuli konfigurirebis sisworis SemowmebisaTvis
aucilebelia “Station” [sadguri] meniuSi avirCioT da gavaaqtiuroT
pozicia “Consistency Check” [SeTanxmebulobis Semowmeba]. amiT gamoCndeba
Setyobineba aris Tu ara Secdomebi da rogoria isini.
konfigurirebis fanjris gaqroba moxdeba mocemuli sadguris
Senaxvis Semdeg “Station – Save” anda SenaxviT kompiliaciasTan erTad
“Station – Save and Compile”.
“Slave S7-300” – is realizacia xdeba SIMATIC S7-300 programirebad
kontrolerze da amitom is aris inteleqtualuri Slave. DP-Master
sistemasTan mis mierTebis win is jer unda Seiqmnas proeqtis SegniT.
misi konfiguraciis Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom masSi unda iyos,
rogorc es p. 3.1 – Si iyo miTiTebuli, gaTvaliswinebuli Sualeduri
mexsiereba, Master–Tan informaciis gacvlisaTvis (nax. 3.3.). CPU Slave am
SemTxvevaSi Tavis Tavze iRebs DP Master mowyobilobebTan informaciis
gacvlas.
Semdegi cxrili (cxrili 3.1.) gviCvenebs samisamarTo areebis
proeqtirebis princips. simartivisaTvis I da Q – ebisTvis miRebulia
erTidaigive misamarTebis gamoyeneba.
cxrili 3.1.
misamarTi misamarTi
Master – Slave – sigrZe erTeuli
mowyobiloba mowyobiloba

54
 1 I100 Q100 2 baiti
2 Q100 I100 2 baiti

cxrilSi miTiTebuli CPU – s rogorc DP – s Master-mowyobilobis

da CPU – s rogorc DP – s Slave-mowyobilobis samisamarTo areebi
dgindeba damproeqteblis mier. ar SeiZleba I – sa da Q – sTvis im
misamarTebis gamoyeneba, romlebic gamoiyeneba Seyvanisa da gamoyvanis
modulebis fiziukuri arxebis mier. unda gvaxsovdes, rom principSi
CPU315-2DP – sTvis Seyvana/gamoyvanis samisamarTo are Seadgens 2048
baits TviToeulisaTvis.
konfigurireba S7-300/CPU315-2DP – si, romelic asrulebs
inteleqtualuri Slave–s rols xdeba ZemoT aRwerilis analogiurad.
gansxvaveba iqneba DP – interfeisis muSaobis miTiTebebSi, anu
gadaiyvaneT “DP-Master” – idan (igi dayenebulia siCumiT) “DP-Slave” – Si.
amisaTvis gamoyaviT “DP” CPU315-2DP – sagan. gaiReba “Properties-DP Master”
fanjara. gaaReT CanarTi “Operating Mode” [muSaobis reJimi] da daayeneT
“DP-Slave” – is muSaobis reJimi. amis Semdeg “DP-Master” dasaxeleba
Seicvleba “DP-Slave” dasaxelebiT. amis Semdeg gadadiT “Configuration”
[konfiguracia] CanarTze. daaWireT Rilaks New da fanjaraSi “Properties-
DP – (RO/S2.1) – Configuration – Row1” daayeneT Sualeduri mexsierebis saWiro
misamarTi misaRebi informaciisaTvis, magaliTad, Input 100, Length: 2, Unit:
Byte. Rilakze OK daWeris Semdeg dabrundiT wina fanjaraSi, isev
daaWireT Rilaks New da axla daayeneT Sualeduri mexsierebis
misamarTi im informaciisaTvis, romelic gaicema magaliTad, Output 100,
Length: 2, Unit: Byte.
OK Rilakze daWeris Semdeg dabrundebiT «HW Config» fanjaraSi.

55
«HW Config» – isgan gamosvlis win isev gamoiyeneT “Station” menius
brZaneba, Semdeg ki “Check Consistency”, raTa darwmundeT, rom sadguris
konfiguracaSi ar aris Secdomebi. Semdeg “Save” an “Save and Compile”
brZanebebis daxmarebiT dabrundiT SIMATIC Manager – is proeqtis
fanjaraSi.
Semdeg ukve, saWiroa Seqmnili “Slave S7-300” gadavitanoT “Profibus
(1)” qselze. amisaTvis saWiroa gadaxvideT «HW Config» fanjaraSi
sadgurisaTvis “Master' а S7-300”. aparaturis katalogSi gaxseniT
“PROFIBUS-DP” saqaRalde, xolo masSi “Configured Stations”
qvekatalogi, da miuerTeT “CPU31х-2DP” obieqti DP-Master – is salteze
Drag&Drop meTodiT. amasTan gamoCndeba “DP slave properties” fanjara
gaRebuli CanarTiT saxelwodebiT “Connection”, sadac naCvenebia
Sesabamisi Slav – ebis CamonaTvali. gamoyaviT saWiro da daaWireT
Rilaks “Connect”. arCeuli Slav gaqreba siidan. gadadiT CanarTze
“Configuration” da SeitaneT masSi Edit funqciis daxmarebiT
Sualeduri mexsierebis misamarTebi da sigrZe Master – isaTvis, rogorc
es naCvenebia nax. 3.10. – ze.

nax. 3.10. “DP slave properties” informacia CanarTze “Configuration”

aq miTiTebuli misamarTebi Tavisufladaa SerCeuli proeqt–

magaliTisaTvis. saWiroa mxolod yuradRebis gamaxvileba, maszed, rom
gamosasvleli are DP-Master – isaTvis yovelTvis Seesabamebodes DP-
Slave – is Sesasvlel ares da sawinaaRmdegoT.
dabrundiT mTavar fanjaraSi «HW Config» [Master (Configuration)] OK
Rilakis daxmarebiT. am fanjareSi Slave miiRebs PROFIBUS-misamarTs.
Tavisi misamarTi aqvs yovel komponents, romelic qselTanaa mierTebuli.

56
am misamarTebs akuTvnebs STEP7 avtomaturad, magram damproeqtebels
SeuZlia misi Secvla Tavisi Sexedulebis mixedviT.
wina panelze ganlagebuli ganawilebuli periferiis komponentebs
aqvT asakrefi veli misi misamarTis dayenebisaTvis qselSi. aucilebelia
miyuradeba, raTa dayenebuli misamarTi SesabamisobaSi iyos
konfiguraciul sxrilSi Setanil komponentis misamarTTan.
vinaxavT “Master S7-300” –is da “Slave S7-300” – is konfigurirebis
proeqtebs kompilaciiT. amiT konfigurirebis procesi mTavrdeba.
3.2.5. konfigurirebuli qselis Sromisunarianobis SemowmebisaTvis
aucilebelia Semmowmebeli programis CatvirTva kontrolerebSi.
laboratorul danadgarSi kontrolerebis Master – isa da Slave – is
modulebi Sesrulebulia erTnair CPU da gansxvavdebian mxolod
Seyvana/gamoyvanis modulebiT. “imitaciuri signalebis blokSi” maTTvis
gaTvaliswinebulia identuri Rilakebi da tumblerebi Sesasvleli
signalebisa da brZanebebis imitaciisaTvis da Suqdiodebi gamomavali
signalebisa da brZanebebis indikaciisaTvis. kontrolerebis
konfigurirebisas orTave maTganisaTvis iarsebebs Sesasvlelebis baiti
IB0 da gamosasvlelebis baiti QB4.
qvemoT moyvanilia programis ori varianti, romlebic
iTvaliswineben imas, rom Master –is Seyvanis modulis IB0 misamarTze
sinalebis miwodebis dros ainTeba Slave –is gamomavali signalebis
indikatorebi misamarTiT QB4 da sawinaaRmdegoT.

57
nax. 3.11. kontrolerebs Soris informaciis gadacemis magaliTi

58
 nax. 3.11. – ze warmodgenila samomxmareblo programebi
saorganizacio blokebSi ОВ1 Master – isaTvis (nax. 3.11. a) da Slave –saTvis
(nax. 3.11. b) MOVE brZanebis gamoyenebiT.
Master – sa da I-Slave – s Soris monacemTa oTx Tanmimdevno baitze
metis miwodebisas (konsistentuli monacemebi) gamoiyeneba SFC14 da SFC15
(SFC – System Function Call) funqciebi.
SFC14 funqcia gamoiyeneba Tanmimdevruli misaRebi monacemebis
wakiTxvisaTvis (mimRebi) (nax. 3.12.)

nax. 3.12. SFC 14 LED enaze

SFC 15 funqcia gamoiyeneba monacemebis gadacemis dros (gadamcemi)

(nax. 3.13).

nax. 3.13. SFC 15 LED enaze

parametri LADDER (ix. nax. 3.13) TeqvsmetobT formatSi miuTiTebs

ares sawyis misamarTs (Sualeduri mexsiereba) sadac unda Caiweros
monacemebi gagzavnisaTvis, mag, w#16#64.
parametri RECORD miuTiTebs, Tu saidan unda iyos aRebuli
informacia, romelic unda iqnas gadacemuli, mag, P#M80.0 BYTE8.
parametri RET_VAL miuTiTebs mexsierebis im misamarTs, sadac
Caweril iqneba Secdomis kodi informaciis gadacemis SeSfoTebis
dros, mag. MW70.

59
 nax. 3.14 – ze sqematuradaa warmodgenili Master – sa da I-Slave – s
Soris informaciis gadacvla SFC14 da SFC 15 funqciebis gamoyenebiT.

nax. 3.14. Sesasvlel/gamosasvleli monacemebis gadacvla SFC14 da

SFC 15 funqciebis gamoyenebiT

nax. 3.15 – ze warmodgenili programebi kontrolerebisaTvis

iseTivea, rogorc nax. 3.11 – zea warmodgenili, magram aq es programa
Sesrulebulia SFC14 da SFC 15 funqciebis gamoyenebiT.
programebi gviCveneben, rom SFC14 da SFC 15 funqciebis gamoyenebiT
SeiZleba informaciis gdacema oTxze naklebi baitebis ricxviT.
ET 200M Master – i ganawilebuli periferiis Slave – ebs ise
eqceva rogorc Seyvana/gamoyvanis ”sakuTar” modulebs da iyenebs
imave damisamarTebas, rac garkveulia qselis konfiguraciisas.
amasTan yuradReba ar eqceva Sualedur maZlierebel –
gammeorebel elementebs, gamtarul Tu optikur gadacemaTa garemos.
Tu ki aucilebelia informaciis gamoyeneba I-Slave – s mqone
ganawilebuli periferiis modulidan programirebad kontrolerze,
Cvens SemTxvevaSi SIMATIC S7-300/CPU-2DP – ze, maSin aucilebelia misi
miReba an gadacema Master –is gavliT.
qselSi I-Slave – is Setanis dros programul kontrolerSi
yovelTvis, rogorc Master –is programaSi ise I-Slave – is programaSi

60
gaTvalisinebul unda iqnas OB82 organizaviuli blokisa
(diagnostikuri signalebi) da OB86 blokis (modulTa matareblis
mwyobridan gamosvla) Seyvana. am blokebis gareSi Master – sa da I-Slave
– s Soris informaciis gadacvla SeuZlebelia.
3.2.6. nebismier kontrolerSi programis CatvirTvis win
aucilebelia misi CPU - s mexsierebis waSla. amisaTvis aucilebelia
ramdenime operaciis Tanmimdevrobis Sesruleba, CPU - s wina
panelze ganlagebuli reJimebis gadamrTvelis daxmarebiT:
- gadarTeT gadamrTveli CTOP reJimSi;
- gadarTeT gadamrTveli MRES reJimSi. daikaveT gadamrTveli am
mdgomareobaSi, manam Suqdiodi CTOP ar ainTeba meore jerze. amis
Semdeg gauSviT gadamrTveli. igi dabrundeba CTOP mdgomareobaSi;
- 3 wamis ganmavlobaSi aucilebelia gadamrTvelis isev gadarTva
MRES mdgomareobaSi da davayovnoT manam, sanam Suqdoidi CTOP
cimcimebs Cqara (2 hercis sixSiriT). amis Semdeg gadamrTvelze SeiZleba
gauSvaT xeli. roca CPU morCeba saerTo waSlas, Suqdiodi CT
Sewyvets cimcims da ainTeba Tanabari SuqiT.
miTiTebuli operaciebi, reJimebis gadamrTvelis gamoyenebiT
aucilebelia mxolod maSin, rodesac momxmarebeli TviTonaa
mowadinebuli Seaasrulos saerTo waSla CPU – dan moTxovnis gareSe
(CTOP Suqdiodis neli cimcimi). Tu ki CPU TviTon iTxovs saerTo
waSlas, maSin sakmarisia reJimebis gadamrTveli mokle xniT
gadavrToT MRES mdgomareobaSi, raTa gavuSvaT CPU–s saerTo waSlis
procesi. Tu ki CPU misi warmatebuli waSlis Semdeg isev iTxovs
saerTo waSlas, maSin garkveul SemTxvevebSi aucilebeli xdeba misi
Secvladi platis SIMATIC (MMC) mikromexsierebis formatireba.
MMC platis formatirebisaTvis aucilebelia:
- muSaobis reJimebis gadamrTveli gadaviyvanoT MRES mdgomareobaSi
da davayovnoT am mdgomareobaSi daaxloebiT 9 wami, vidre CTOP
Suqdiodi ar ainTeba Tanabari naTebiT;

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nax. 3.15. kontrolerebs Soris informaciis gadacemis magaliTi
SFC 14 da SFC 15 funqciebis gamoyenebiT

62
- Semdegi 3 wamis ganmavlobaSi aucilebelia gdamrTvelis gaSveba da
isev gadayvana MRES mdgomareobaSi. axla CTOP Suqdiodi cimcimebs
mxolod formatirebis dros.
yovelTvis SeasruleT operaciebis es Tanmimdevroba
miTiTebuli drois ganmavlobaSi, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
MMC ar daformatirdeba da daubrundeba saerTo waSlis
mdgomareobas.
qselSi nebismieri kontrolerisaTvis gind Master-isaTvis gind
Slave-saTvis arsebobs Tavisi momxmareblis programa.
laboratorul danadgarSi gamoiyeneba Master kontroleri da
erTi I-Sleve. amitom SIMATIC Manager- is fanjris marcxena nawilSi,
romelic Seicavs proeqtis struqturas, aris ori proeqti “DP-
Master” da ”DR-Slave”. isini CatvirTul unda iqnan TviToeuli Tavis
kontrolerSi.
programebis Cawera kontrolerebSi, rogorc ukve miTiTebul
iyo zemoT xorcieldeba qseliT.
CawerisaTvis aucilebelia, rom:
- kompiuteri adapteris gavliT mierTebul iyos “DP-Master”–is
gasarTs DP CPU;
- qselis yvela komponents unda hqondeT sxvadasxva qseluri
misamarTebi da arsebuli struqtura unda Seesabamebodes realur
struqturas;
- konfiguracia SeiZleba CatvirTul iqnas mxolod
SeTanxmebulobiT da Secdomebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
Caweris Tanmimdevroba Semdegia:
- ekranis marcxena fanjaraSi gadainacvleT ”Master S7-300”, CPU 315-
2DP, S7 Program (1) gavliT, da daawkapeT simvoloze “Blocks” [blokebi].
kontroleris reJimis gasaRebi daayeneT mdgomareobaSi CTOP;

63
- meniudan “PLC” [plk] SearCieT brZaneba “Download” [CatvirTveT],
CPU–Si programisa da aparaturis konfiguraciis gadacemisaTvis;
daawkapeT Yes - ze yvela gamonaTebul fanjrebSi, riTac moxdeba
konfiguraciisa da Master–is momxmareblis programis Cawera
kontrolerSi;
- analogiurad unda moviqceT ”Slave S7-300” proeqtis SemTxvevaSi,
anu ”Slave S7-300”, CPU 315-2DP, S7 Program (2) gavliT da a.S.
qselis gaSvebisaTvis aucilebelia muSaobis reJimis gadamrTvelis
dayeneba “Run” mdgomareobaSi.
programis muSaobis dros kompiuteris monitoris ekranze
SeiZleba davakvirdeT misi Sesrulebis mimdevrobas. amisaTvis,
muSaobis reJimis gadamrTvelis “Run” mdgomareobaSi, arsebobis dros
saWiroa monitoris instrumentebis panelze davaWiroT Rilaks
saTvaleebis gamosaxulebiT ”Monitor (on/off)” [monitori
(CarTva/gamorTva)]. am dros feris cvlilebiT aisaxeba kontaqtebisa
da gragnilebis mdgomareobebi, aseve mTvlelebisa da taimerebis
mniSvnelobebi realur droSi.

3.3. sazidaris marTvis programis magaliTi PROFIBUS-DP

qselSi
qvemoT ganxilulia sazidaris marTvis programirebis magaliTi,
romelic gadaadgildeba sworxazovani gziT g1 mdgomareobidan g2
mdgomareobisaken (nax. 3.16).
sazidaris sawyisi mdgomareobaa g1, muSaobis avtomatur reJimSi
“avt” “gaSveba” Rilakis daWerisas aRiZvreba sazidaris win
gadaadgilebis brZaneba “w”. sazidari miaRwevs g2 mdgomareobas, rac
iwvevs “w” brZanebis gamorTvas. warmoiSveba ukan moZraobis brZaneba “u”,
sazidfari miaRwevs g1 mdgomareobas, riTac gamoirTveba brZaneba “u”.
isev warmoiSveba brZaneba “w”, sazidari moZraobs g2 mdgomareobamde. isev
CairTveba brZaneba “u” da a.S.S. sazidari uwyvetad gadaadgildeba g1

64
mdgomareobidan g2 mdgomareobamde da ukan. avtomatur reJimSi
muSaobisas CarTulia Suqis indikacia “naTura”

nax. 3.16. amocanis pirobisaTvis: a) meqanizmis konstruqciuli sqema, B

b) uu marTvis mowyobilobis Sesasvlel/gamosasvleli signalebi

“Camoyra” Rilakze TiTis daWerisas, imisda damoukideblad Tu sad

mdebareobs sazidari, is dauyovnebliu unda dabrundes g1 mdgomareobaSi
da “naTura” unda Caqres.
xeliT muSaobis reJimSi “xeliT” brZanebebi “w” da “u”
formirdebian xeliT marTvis Rilakebis daWerisas Sesabamisad “wx”, “ux”.
xeliT reJimSi muSaobisas sazidaris gaCereba xdeba – “gaCereba” Rilakze
daWerisas.
sazidaris marTvisaTvis Semotanilia mexsiereba avtomaturi reJimis
CarTvis Sesaxeb “ma”. igi warmoiSoba g1 mdgomareobaSi Rilakze “gaSveba”
daWeris dros da Seinaxeba mexsierebis signal “mC” warmoSobamde
Rilakze “Camoyra” daWeris dros.

ma = avt. × (g1 × gaSveba + ma) ×

mexsiereba “mC” warmoiSveba avtomatur reJimSi sazidaris nebismieri
mdgomareobis dros “Camoyra” Rilakis daWerisas da Seinaxeba Rilakze
“gaSveba” daWeramde:

65
 mC = avt × (Camoyra + mC) ×
brZaneba “w” moZraobaze warmoiSveba avtonomiur reJimSi g1
mdgomareobis dros da Seinaxeba manam vidre sazidari ar miaRwevs g2
mdgomareobas. xelis reJimSi is warmoiSoba sazidaris nebismier
mdgomareobaSi Rilakze “wx”-s daWeramde da Seinaxeba “gaCereba” Rilakze
TiTis daWeramde, anda g2 mdgomareobamde miRwevamde. amas Seesabameba
logikuri gantoleba:

w = [ma × (g1 + w) + xeliT × (wx + w) × ] ×

brZaneba sazidaris ukan moZraobaze “u” warmoiSveba avtonomiur
reJimSi g2 mdgomareobis dros da Seinaxeba vidre sazidari ar miaRwevs
mdgomareobas g1. is warmoiSoba aseve sazidaris nebismier mdgomareobaSi
Camogdebis sigm\nalis arsebobis dros, Tu ki win moZraoba ar aris.
xeliT reJimSi brZaneba “u” warmoiSveba sazidaris nebismieri
mdgomareobis dros “ux” Rilakis daWeris dros da Seinaxeba “gaCereba”
Rilakis daWeramde an g1 mdgomareobamde miRwevamde. amas Seesabameba
logikuri gantoleba:

u = [ma × (g2 + u) + mC × + xeliT × (ux + u) × ] ×

“w” da “u” brZanebebis erTdroulad moxdomis Tavidan acilebis

mizniT am brZanebebis marTvaSi Semotanilia urTierT blokireba. maSin:

w = [ma × (g2 + u) + mC × + xeliT × (ux + u) × ] × ×

u = [ma × (g2 + u) + mC × + xeliT × (ux + u) × ] × ×

naTura CairTveba signaliT “ma”, anu logikuri gantolebiT:

naTura = ma

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 amocanis pirobis Tanaxmad “avt”, “xeliT” reJimis arCevis brZaneba
da aseve avtomaturi reJimis gaSveba/gaCerebis arCevis brZaneba miewodeba
Master S7-300 kontroleridan, xolo xeliT marTvis brZanebebi “wx”, “ux”
da “Stop” ET200M Slave-dan. meqanizms marTavs Slave S7-300. (ix. nax. 3.17).

nax. 3.17. Sesaval/gamosavali signalebis SeerTeba qselis komponentebTan

gansaxilveli qselis konfigurirebis Semdeg avtomaturad iqna

mikuTnebuli misamarTebi qselis komponentebis I Sesasvlelebis baitebs
da Q gamosasvlelebis baitebs. es misamarTebi miTiTebulia qselis
kormponentebis SigniT nax. 3.17-ze.
aq yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom ET200M Slave-is
Sesasvlel/gamosasvlelebTan Master S7-300 kontroleri moqmedebs ise
rogorc Tavisi sakuTari mwkrivis Sesasvlel/gamosasvlelebTan, magram
ganlagebuls moWorebul manZilze am mwkrividan (kabelis daxmarebiT
gadadrexili wyviliT, optikuri salturi terminaliT, optikurboCkovani
kabeliT da ET200M sadguris IM153-2 – iT).
momxmareblis programis proeqtirebisas saWiroa gansaxilveli
magaliTis SemTxvevaSi miniWebul iqnas fizikuri misamarTebi. magaliTSi
miRebulia, rom Master-is yvela Sesasvleli mierTebulia I0 baitTan, xolo
gamosasvlelebi Q4 baitTan. ET200M Slave-is xeliT marTvis yvela
Sesasvleli mierTebulia I1 baitTan. Slave S7-300-is signalebi g1 da g2

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mdgomareobis gadamwodebidan mierTebilia I0 baitTan, xolo W da U
gamosasvlelebi ki gamosasvleli signalebis Q4 baitTan.
gamoviyenoT Simatic kontroleris SesaZlebloba, rac iTvaliswinebs
misamarTebis warmodgenas simvoloebis saxiT. signalebsa da brZanebebs
mivaniWebT, romlebic gamoiyeneba logikur gantolebebSi. cxril 3.2. - Si
warmodgenilia Master S7-300 kontroleris signalebis da brZanebebis
damisamarTeba.
cxrili 3.2.
Master S7-300 kontroleris cvladebis damisamarTeba
brZanebis,
signalis av xeliT gaSveba Camogdeba wx ux gaCereba naTura
simvolo t
Ffizikuri I0. I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I1.0 I1.1 I1.2 Q4.0
misamarTi 0

vinaidan obieqts marTavs Slave S7-300, xolo marTvisa da muSaobis

reJimebis indikacias uzrunvelyofs Master S7-300, amitom Slave S7-300-Si
gamoiyofa mexsierebis are Master S7-300-sTan informaciis gacvlis
gulisTvis. visargebloT samisamarTo ariT, rac ganxilulia cxril 3.1-
Si, sadac Master-isa da Slave-isTvis mikuTvnebulia orori baiti
misamarTebiT IB100 da QB100.
maSin programa Master S7-300-isaTvis iRebs saxes, rac gamosaxulia
nax. 3.18-ze. marTvis brZanebebi, romlebic gamomdinareobs Master S7-300-
isagan, ganlagdebian Slave S7-300-is IB100 da IB101 baitebSi. gamomdinare
Slave S7-300-isgan signali “naTura” gadacemul iqneba Slave S7-300-is QB10
baitis SemadgenlobaSi Master S7-300-is IB100-s Sesasvlelze.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT Slave S7-300-isaTvis signalebisa da brZanebebis
damisamarTeba miiReba Semdegi saxis. (ix. cxrili 3.3). xazgasma da aso “m”

68
simvoloebis aRniSvnaSi mag. “avt_m” uCvenebs, rom es signali an brZaneba
miRebul anda gagzavnil iqna qselis gavliT Master-Tan kavSiris dros.

nax. 3.18 programa Master S7-300-isaTvis

cxrili 3.3
Slave S7-300-is cvladebis damisamarTeba
signalis,
brZanebis avt_m xeliT_m gaSveba_m Camogdeba_m wx_m ux_m gaCereba_m
simvolo
fizikuri M0.0 M0.1 M0.2 M0.3 M1.0 M1.1 M1.2
misamarTi

69
signalis,
brZanebis naTura_m Gg1 Gg2 w u ma mC
simvolo
fizikuri M2.0 I0.0 M0.2 Q4.0 M4.1 M3.0 M3.1
misamarTi

cxril 3.3-dan Cans, rom Slave S7-300-is programaSi brZanebebi,

romlebic miiRebian Master S7-300-isagan, Setanilni unda iqnan markerebis
baitebSi Sesabamisad MB0 da MB1-Si, xolo signalebi naTuris CarTvaze
Caiwereba markerebis baitSi MB2-Si, Master-isTvis gadasacemad.
nax. 3.19-ze warmodgenilia programa Slave S7-300-isTvis kibis enis
gamoyenebiT (LED).
ganxiluli magaliTidan Cans, rom programirebis dros ar miiReba
mxedvelobaSi arc kabelis tipi, arc optikuri salturi terminali, anu
TiTqosda mTeli qseli erTgvarovania.

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nax. 3.19. programa Slave S7-300-isaTvis (dasawyisi)

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nax. 3.19. programa Slave S7-300-isaTvis (damTavreba)

72
 Tavi IV – samrewvelo qseli PROFIBUS-PA
4.1. zogadi cnebebi da ZiriTadi komponentebi
PROFIBUS-PA warmoadgens DP protokolis gafarToebas gadacemis
teqnologiis kuTxiT, rac dafuZnebulia ara RS485-ze, aramed IEC 61158-2
standartis realizaciaze afeTqebadsaSiS areebSi gadacemis
teqnologiis organizaciisaTvis. komutaciisaTvis sakmarisia mxolod
erTi xveuli wyvili, romelic gamoiyeneba mowyobilobebisTvis rogorc
kvebis miwodebisTvis aseve informaciuli gacvlis erTdrouli
realizaciisaTvis maT Soris.
PROFIBUS-PA-s salturi sistema SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs
davamyaroT kavSiri programul logikur kontrolerebsa da gamzom
gadamwods Soris anda Semsrulebel mowyobilobas Soris, romlebic
ganlagebulni arian potencialurad afeTqebadsaSiS zonebSi didui
manzilis daSorebiT kontroleridan.
PROFIBUS-PA - sa da PROFIBUS-DP – s Soris SeTanxmeba Seizleba
sruldebodes ori gziT:
- sistemebisTvis, signalebis mcire raodenobiTa da monacemTa
gadacemis siCqareebze naklebi moTxovnebis dros gamoiyeneba
DP/PA coupler - is calkeuli modulebi;
- sistemebisTvis, signalebis didi raodenobiTa da monacemTa
gadacemis siCqareebze maRali moTxovnebis dros gamoiyeneba DP/PA
link - is blokebi (SemaerTeblebi).
DP/PA coupler - is modulebi gamodis ori SesrulebiT: Cveulebrivi
(standartuli) SesrulebiT ZabviT 31 v da gamosasvleli deniT 1000 ma-
mde da DP/PA Ex [i] – SesrulebiT ZabviT 13,5 v da gamosasvleli deniT 100
ma-mde. (aso i DP/PA Ex [i] – CanawerSi aRniSvnavs naperwkalusafrTxos).
naperwkalusafrTxoeba, rogorc aalebisagan Tavdacvis erTerTi
saxe, dafuZnebulia maszed, rom afeTqebadsaSiSi garemos aalebisaTvis
moiTxoveba energiis raRac minimaluri done. es minimaluri done ar unda

73
iqnas gadaWarbebuli arc muSaobis normaluri pirobebis dros da arc
SeSfoTebebis dros.
PROFIBUS-PA – s qselebSi naperwkliT aaleba Tavidan aris
acilebuli naperwklis warmoSobis ZiriTadi mizezebis aRmofxvriT, rac
Cveulebriv xdeba eleqtruli kontaqtebis Sekvrisa da gaxsnis
SemTxvevebSi, rogorc Cveulebrivi muSaobis dros, aseve miwasTan
CarTvisa da gaTiSvis dros. naperwklianobis aRmofxvrisaTvis zRudaven
denebisa da Zabvebis doneebs, aseve zRudaven didi induqtivobebis
warmoSobis SesaZleblobas.
aaleba, rac SeiZleba elementebis gadaxurebam gamoiwvios,
naperwkalusafrTxo wredebSi SeuZlebelia rogorc normaluri muSaobis
aseve SeSfoTebebis dros, radgan elementebis gadaxureba
naperwkalusafrTxo wredebSi SeuZlebelia moxdes.
DP/PA modulebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen eleqtrul
ganmxoloebas PROFIBUS-PA - sa da PROFIBUS-DP - s Soris, agreTve RS485
da IEC 1158-2 Soris da piruku gadacemis konvertaciis teqnikas aqvT
Tavis SemadgenlbaSi CaSenebuli kvebis bloki da CaSenebuli salturi
terminatori. PROFIBUS-PA qselis muSaobisaTvis PROFIBUS-DP – s
gadacemis siCqare unda iyos 45,45 kbit/wm. gadacemis siCqare PROFIBUS-PA –
sTvis – 31,25 kbiw/wm.
DP/PA modulebs SeiZleba miuerTdes 31-mde velis xelsawyo.
DP/PA modulebis damontaJeba xdeba S7-300-s profilur salteze
datvirTvis 24 voltian kvebis blokebTan erTad da SeiZleba
gam,oyenebul iqnas rogorc Ceeulebriv pirobebSi samuSaod aseve iseT
pirobebSi, romlebic Seesabameba mometebuli safrTxis zonebs.
DP/PA modulebis gamoyeneba SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs gamoviyenoT
PROFIBUS-DP qselSi mxolod 45,45 kbit/wm monacemTa gadacemis siCqare.
PROFIBUS-PA – qselis xelsawyoebis damisamarTeba uSualod wamyvani
mowyobilobisagan PROFIBUS-DP.

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 nax. 4.1 –ze naCvenebia qselis komponentebis SeetrTeba rogorc
afeTqebadsSiS garemoSi, aseve normalur pirobebSi muSaobisaTvis.

nax. 4.1. DP/PA kavSirebis modulebis mierTeba PROFIBUS-DP qselTan

monacemTa gacvlis TvalsazrisiT DP/PA kavSirebis moduli

“gamWirvale” mowyobilobaa, romelic ar saWiroebs parametrebis awyobas.
PROFIBUS-PA – qselis xelsawyoebis damisamarTeba xdeba uSualod
PROFIBUS-DP wamyvani mowyobilobisagan. gamonakliss Seadgens moduli
FDC 157-0, romelis SeZenac xdeba qarxnuli awyobebiT.

DP/PA link bloki (nax. 4.2) asrulebs standartuli mimdevni mowyobilobis

funqcias PROFIBUS-DP qselSi (12 mgbit/wm-mde) da wamyvani mowyobilobis
funqcias PROFIBUS-PA qselSi. PROFIBUS-DP wamyvani mowyobilobis
TvalsazrisiT DP/PA kavSiris bloki warmodgenilia moduluri mimdevni
mowyobilobis saxiT, romlis modulebis funqciebs asruleben

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PROFIBUS-PA qselTan mierTebuli xelsawyoebi. PROFIBUS-DP qselSi
DP/PA kavSiris blokis mieniWeba mxolod erTi misamarTi. PROFIBUS-PA
qselTan mierTebuli xelsawyoebis damisamarTebisaTvis gamoiyeneba iribi
meTodebi. am meqanizms aqvs sruli analogia PROFIBUS-DP – s safuZvelze
agebuli ganawilebuli Seyvana/gamoyvanis moduluri sadguris sistemis
momsaxurebasTan.

nax. 4.2. DP/PA link blokis mierTeba PROFIBUS-DP qselTan

DP/PA coupler modulebi arian DP/PA link-is Semadgeneli nawilebi. IM

153-2 interfeisul modulze SeiZleba dayenebul iqnas 5 modulamde
DP/PA, romlebTanac SeiZleba mierTebul iqnas 64 xelsawyomde.
PROFIBUS-PA da PROFIBUS-DP qselebis uSualo SeerTeba DP/PA modulis
gavliT amcirebs monacemTa gavliT siCqares PROFIBUS-DP qselSi 45,45
kbit/wm-mde. amave modulebis gamoyenebisas ki DP/PA link-is
SemadgenelobaSi monacemTa gacvlis siCqare PROFIBUS-DP qselSi rCeba
ucvleli.

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 unda aRiniSnos, rom aRwerili modulebis DP/PA coupler-ebisa da
SemaerTebeli blokebis DP/PA link-is garda arsebobs agreTve SekavSirebis
bloki (sopriaJenie) Y, romelic warmoadgens Sluzs S7-300-s bazaze
arsebul rezervirebul DP sistemasa da wamyvan DP sistemas Soris,
romelic am saxelmZRvaneloSi ar ganixileba.

4.2. informaciis gadacema PROFIBUS PA -PA qselSi

PROFIBUS PA qselSi gadacemis garemod gamoiyeneba orwvera

ekranirebuli kabeli gamtaris ganikveTiT 0,8 mm^2. SesaZlebelia
araekranirebuli gamtaris gamoyenebac. kabeli orTave mxares
SeerTebuli unda iyos pasiur terminatorebTan, romelic Sedgeba
mimdevrobiT SeerTebuli R-C elementebisagan,sadac R=100om da C=1 mkf.
(ix. nax. 4.3).

nax. 4.3 PA-s salturi segmentis struqtura

monacemTa gadacemisaTvis gamoiyeneba biti sinqronizebuli

gadacemis manCesteris kodiT. manCesteris kodis gadacemis dros
logikuri “0” gadaecema rogorc frontis cvlileba 0-dan 1-ze, xolo
logikuri “1” –rogorc frontis cvlileba 1 dan 0 ze. monacemebi

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gadaecema moduliaciis daxmarebiT plius/minus 9 ma salturi sistemis
ZiriTad denTan mimarTebaSi IBO (nax. 4.4).

nax. 4.4 monacemTa gadcema PROFIBUS PA-Si denis moduliaciis

daxmarebiT

4.3. PROFIBUS PA -PA qselis konfiguracia

rogorc ukve zeviT iyo naCvenebi, DP/PA modulebi gamodian ori

SesrulebiT:

- Cveulebriv zonebSi gamoyenebisaTvis gamosasvleli ZabviT

31 v da datvirTvis deniT 1000ma. kavSiris xazis sigrZem
SeiZleba miaRwios 1900 m-mde;

- Ex zonebSi gamoyenebisaTvis gamomavali ZabviT 13,5 v da

datvirTvis deniT 100 ma. kavSiris xazis sigrZem SeiZleba
miaRwios 1000 metrs.

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 nax. 4.5 PROFIBUS PA qselis topologia

TviToeul moduls SeiZleba SeuerTdes 31-mde PA mowyobiloba

usafrTxo zonaSi da 10 xelsawyomde Ex zonaSi. amasTan jamurma denma,
romlebic am xelsawyoebis mier aris moTxovnili ar unda gadaaWarbos
DP/PA coupler modulis dasaSveb datvirTvis SesaZleblobas (nax. 4.5).
rogorc naxazidan Cans, PROFIBUS PA qselSi gamoiyeneba xazuri da
varskvlavuri topología. zemot miTitebuli SezRudvebi saltis sigrZis
Sesaxeb uCveneben mTavari xazis (magistralis) da ganStoebebis sigrZes.
Qqselis monawileebis mierTeba PROFIBUS PA saltesTan xdeba T-s
magvari ganStoebiT Splitconnect (nax.4.6).

nax. 4.6. Splitconnect –is ganmStoebeli: a) konstruqciuli sqema;

b) kabelebis SeerTebis principi

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 Splitconnect ganmStoeblebs aqvT plastikuri korpusebi IP65 xarisxiani
dacviT. kabelebis wverebis SeerTeba xdeba izoliaciis gavarvarebis
gziT. ekranireba uzrunvelyofilia CaSenebuli metaluri korpusiT.
uzrunvelyofilia ekranebis saimedo SeerTeba yvela SemaerTebeli
qselebisaTvis. yvela CamoTvlili SeerTebebi iqmneba kontaqtisSemqmneli
elementis Caxraxvnis procesSi danispirul kontaqtebTan ganmStoeblis
korpusze (nax. 4.6.b). ganmStoeblis korpusi aRWurvilia damiwebis
wredTan mierTebis WanWikiT. Tu ki SevcvliT kontaqtismagvar elements
Splitconect terminatoriT, maSin is SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc
saltis damamTavrebeli weinaaRmdegoba.

4.4. PROFIBUS PA qselis Sesaswavli stendis varianti

nax. 4.7-ze warmodgenili laboratoruli stendi Siecavs zeviT

aRwerili komponentebis garda, agreTve raRac damatebiT elementebs.
sqemaSi warmodgenilia ori kvebis wyaro. erTerti maTgani 13,5 v
gamomaval Zabvaze mowyobilobis kvebisTvis, romelic muSaobs
afeTqebadsaSis Ex areSi, xolo me-2, gamosasvleli ZabviT 24 v –
standartul areSi momuSave mowyobilobisTvis.

gamoiyeneba DP/PA coupler modulebi FDC 157-0. DP/PA link Seicavs

interfeisul moduls IM 153-2 da kavSiris or moduls DP/PA coupler FDC
157-0. maTTan damatebuli aqtiuri velis gamanawileblebi uzrunvelyofen
muSaobas wriuli rezervirebis reJimSi. am SemTxvevaSi kavSiris DP/PA
coupler or moduls SeiZleba SeuerTdes maqsimum 8 aqtiuri velis
gamanawilebeli (AFD) PA velis mowyobilobebiT. erT aqtiur velis
gamanawilebels (AFD) SeiZleba miuerTdes 4 PA velis mowyobiloba. PA
velis mowyobilobis saerTo raodenoba eqvipotencialur arxSi Seadgens
31 maqsimaluri denis SezRudviT 1 amperamde.
konstruqciulad (AFD) gamanawilebels aqvs 2 sakabelo qura
ZiriTadi PA arxisTvis da 4 sakabelo qura 4 veli PA

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mowyobilobisaTvis. aqtiur velis gamanawilebels SeiZleba mierTebul
iqnas sxvadsxva PA mowyobiloba, mag, gadamwodebi da amZravebi. 4.7
naxazze maTi imitacia xdeba Sesabamisi tumblerebiTa da SuqdiodebiT.
SA1 da SA2 tumblerebis daniSnulebaa laboratoriuli samuSaoebis
Catarebis dros rezervirebis realizaciis Semowmeba, qselis saltis
garRvevis imitirebiT an SA1 tumbleriT an SA2 tumbleriT.
laboratoruli stendis damuSavebis dros gairkva, rom dReisaTvis
mowyobilobaTa raodenoba, romlebic SeiZleba SeerTdes PROFIBUS PA
qselTan SezRudulia. es ZiriTadaT ZviradRirebuli wneis gadamwodebi,
siTxeTa xarJebi da sxva xelsawyoebia. laboratorul stendSi
gamoyenebulia pnevmatiuri sarqvelis modulebi FDO-VC-Ex4.PA.
stendze gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi saxis laboratoriuli samuSaoebis
Catareba:
1. qselis Semadgenlobisa qselis makompleqtelebis maxasiaTeblebis
Seswavla;
2. qselSi informaciis gadacemis principis Seswavla: gadacemis kadri,
signalebis forma, signalebis done, swrafqmedeba;
3. qselis konfigurireba;
4. Sesasvlel/gamosasvleli signalebis programireba;
5. avtomatizaciis obieqtis marTva PROFIBUS PA qseliT.

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nax. 4.7. PROFIBUS PA -PA qselis Seswavlis laboratoriuli stendi

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 Tavi V - AS-i interfeisi
5.1. saerTo cnebebi da ZiriTadi sistemuri komponentebi
AS-Interface (AS-i, Aktuator-Sensor-Interface – Semsrulebeli
mowyobilobebisa da gadamwodebis interfeisi) –es qseluri gadawyvetebis
saerTaSoriso standartia, romelic gamoiyeneba teqnologiuri
procesebis avtomatizaciis yvelaze dabal doneze. es interfeisi
gadamwodebis, Semsrulebeli meqanizmebis, Semyvan-gamomyvani modulebis,
qselTa Soris interfeisebis erTian qselSi gaerTianebis yvelaze
martivi gadawyvetilebaa.
AS-Interface Seesabameba EN 50295 saerTaSoriso standarts, aris gaxsnili
teqnologia da ganirCeva Zalzed maRali daculobiT xelSeSlebis mimarT,
martivi montaJiT da aparaturis siiafiT.

nax. 5.1. AS-Interface interfeisi

sistemis muSaobis principi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: specialur

mowybilobaze (kontrolerze) mierTebulia xelsawyoebi da amsrulebeli

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meqanizmebi. kontroleri amowmebs xelsawyoebis, amsrulebeli
meqanizmebis mdgomareobas da masSi Cawerili daprogramirebuli
algoriTmis Sesabamisad gascems brZanebebs amsrulebel meqanizmebs
CarTva/gamorTvaze. sistemis SemadgenlobaSi gamoiyeneba specialurad
damzadebuli mowyobilobebi, romelTac SesaZlebloba aqvs imuSaon AS-
Interface-ze.
kontroleri mudmivad axdens xelsawyoebisa da amsrulebel
meqanizmebs muSaobisa da mdgomareobebis diagnostikas. erT
kontrolerze SeiZleba 31-amde mowyobilobis SeerTeba (AS-I 2 – sTvis 62-
made). SeerTebisaTvis ki gamoiyeneba specialuri bipoliaruli kabeli.
(ix. nax. 5.2. ).

nax. 5.2. Aktuator-Sensor-Interface (Semsrulebeli meqanizmi - gadamwodis

interfeisi)

kontrlerma SeiZleba imuSaos avtonomiurad anda ufro maRali

donis sistemis SemadgenlobaSi, sadac mas SeuZlia informaciis gadacema
da signalebis miReba. aRniSnuli sistemis Rirsebaa maRali saimedooba,
informaciis swrafi gadacema, sistemaSi Secdomebis swrafi aRmoCena,

84
sistemis montaJisa da gawyobis simartive, da ufro maRali donis
sistemebSi muSaobis unari.

nax. 5.3. bipoliaruli kabeli

amrigad, EN 50295 standarti axdens monacemTa gacvlis realizacias

Semdegnairad:
Tu sistema Seicavs mxolod erT wamyvan mowyobilobas
(kontrolers), maSin es mowyobiloba dahkiTxavs morigeobiT yvela
mimdevn mowyobilobas, (gadamwidebi da amsrulebeli meqanizmebi) da
elodeba saTiTaod pasuxs. dakiTxvis ciklia – 5 mwm;
wamyvani moqwyobilobis misamarTi aris igive misi identifikatori;
danarCeni mowyobilobebis damisamarTebas axdens an specialuri
qseluri damisamarTebis micemis moduli anda wamyvani mowyobiloba;
wamyvani mowyobiloba akontrolebs signalebs kavSirebis xazebSi,
agreTve monacemebs, romelTa gadacemac xdeba mocemul momentSi,
aaSkarevebs gadacemis Secdomebsa an mimyolebis mwyobridan
gamosvlas;
romelime mimyoli mowyobilobis Secvla an maTi damateba ar
moqmedebs monacemTa gacvlaze sxva mimyol mowyobilobebTan.

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 brtyeli yviTeli kabeli gaxda AS-Interface- is Taviseburi sabazro
niSan. mas aqvs kveTis mkacrad gansazRvruli geometriuli forma,
trapeciuli saxis SveriliT, rac uzrunvelyofs kabelis calsaxa
mdgomareobas SemaerTebel modulebTan da rogorc Sedegi
gamoricxavs polusebis arevas orpolusa xazebSi. kabelis
trapeciismagvari kveTa (nax. 5.4) amsubuqebs miWeras da mTlianad
Seavsebs kabelis Sesvlis adgils modulSi, gadamsvlel
mowyobilobaSi, SemaerTebelSi da sxvagan, sadac igi gamoiyeneba. amiT
igi uzrunvelyofs IP67 dacvis xarisxis Sesabamis hermetiulobas.

nax. 5.4. AS-Interface- is brtyeli kabelis forma da zomebi

interfeisis fizikuri maxasiaTeblebia:

gamoiyeneba 2-wvera kabeli rogorc kvebis miwodebisaTvis, aseve
signalebis gadacemisaTvis. kabeli iseTnairadaa damzadebuli,
rom Tavidanaa acilebuli araswori poliarobiT mierTeba da
amasTanave igi iZleva SesaZleblobas SeerTebul iqnas
momxmareblis modulebTan kabelis garsacmis gavarvarebiT;
wreds aqvs xismagvari topologia kabelis sigrZiT 100 metramde.
xismagvari topologia SesaZleblobas iZleva kabelis segmentis
nebismieri wertili gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc axali totis

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 dasawyisi. magram, yvela segmentis sigrZeebis jami ar unda
aRematebodes 100 metrs;
fizikuri donis signalebi gadaecma RS485 protokoliT
siCqariT 31,25 kbt/w.
aq gamoyenebulia mudmivi sigrZis Styobinebebi. ar aris
aucilebloba gadacemis, sigrZis dayenebis anda monacemTa formatis
marTvis rTuli procedurebis gamoyenebisa. es saSualebas aZlevs wamyvan
mowyobilobas TandaTanobiT miakiTxos yvela mimyol mowyobilobas 5
mwm–is ganmavlobaSi da ganaaxlos monacemebi rogorc wamyvan aseve
momyol mowyobilobebze am ciklis ganmavlobaSi.
mimedevni mowyobilobebi warmoadgenen Semyvan/gamomyvan arxebs da
isini gaaqtiurdebian mxolod maSin rodesac maT gamoiZaxebs wamyvani
mowyobiloba. aseT SemTxvevaSi isini an Seasruleben garkveul moqmedebas
anda gadascemen pasuxebs wamyvan mowyobilobas mis brZanebis safuZvelze.
yovelma standartulma wamyvanma mowyobilobam SeiZleba miiRos an
gadasces mxolod 4 biti informacia.
SIMATIC-is sistemaSi wamyvani mowyobilobebis rols asrulebs
komunikaciuri procesorebi (CP), romlebic marTaven an monacemTa
gacvlas an Seyvana/gamoyvanis ganawilebul sistemas (Sluzebi, romlebic
uzrunvelyofen amsrulebel meqanizmebTan da gadamwodebTan wvdomas, mag.
PROFIBUS DP-sgan).

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 nax. 5.5. qseluri doneebi

AS-I interfeisis produqciis SemadgenlobaSi Simens-is firma uSvebs

samrewvelo daniSnulebis personaluri kompiuterebisa da logikuri
kontrolerebis, agreTve yvela wamyvani mowyobilobisaTvis gankuTvnil
sainterfeiso modulebs, romelTa nomenklatura ganuwyvetliv izrdeba.
Semdegi sqema (ix. nax. 5.5.) gviCvenebs im adgils, romelsac ikavebs
AS-I interfeisi avtomatizirebuli marTvis sistemebSi. AS- i interfeisis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnanTvisebaa is, rom:
AS-i mimdevni mowyobilobebis saxiT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas an
CaSenebuli AS-i interfeisis mqone gadamwodi/amsrulebuli
meqanizmebi anda AS-i modulebi, romelTanac Tavis mxriv SeiZleba
SeerTebul iqnas oTxamde Cveulebrivi binaruli
gadamwodi/amsrulebuli meqanizmebi;
standartuli AS-i modulebis gamoyenebisas AS-I kabelze SeiZleba
mietebul iqnas 124-mde amsrulebeli meqanizmi/gadamwodi;
Tu gamoiyeneba AS-i modulebi damisamarTebis gafarToebuli
reWimiT, maSin erT kabelze SeuZliaT imuSaon 186 amsrulebel
meqanizmsa da 248 gadamwods;

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AS-i interfeisis gafarToebuli wamyvani mowyobilobebi SIMATIC
NET uzrunvelyofen Zalzed martiv wvdomas analogur
gadamwod/amsrulebel meqanizmebTan anda modulebTan.

5.2. AS-i sistemis komponentebis mimoxilva

sistemis komponentebi AS-i qselis interfeisisaTvis (ix. nax. 5.6.):

nax. 5.6. AS interfeisis elementebi

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 AS interfeisis wamyvani mowyobiloba;
AS interfeisis mimyoli mowyobilobebi, romlebic konstruqciidan
gamomdinare iyofa Semdeg mowyobilobad:
- AS interfeisis modulebi;
- AS gadamwodebi da amsrulebeli meqanizmebi CaSenebuli AS
interfeisiT;
AS interfeisis kabeli;
AS interfeisis kvebis bloki;
AS interfeisis programa SCOPE.

nax. 5.7 AS Interface interfeisuli modulebis pirobiTi aRniSvna

nax. 5.8.-ze naCvenebia Tu interfeisis komponentebi rogor SeiZleba

iyos SeerTebuli erTmaneTTan xismagvari struqturis gamoyenebiT.

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5.3. laboratoriuli stendi As- Interface qselis SeswavlisaTvis
qvemoT warmodgenilia laboratoruli stendi, romelic moicavs
AS-Interface - is qselTan kavSiris mowyobilobebis ZiriTad komponentebs.
yvela ZiriTadi komponenti warmoadgens simensis nakeTobas,
romelic aris AS- Interface - is qselis dammuSavebeli da populizatori.
mxolod Rilakebi, tumblerebi, indikatorebi da sxva saxis damxmare
aparatura warmoadgenen sxva firmis nakeTobebs.

nax. 5.9 stendis gare saxe

stendis konstruqcia (nax. 5.9) warmoadgens dafas 1 ZiriT, romelic

dayenebulia laboratorul magidaze 2, dafa Sesrulebulia moZravi –
gadatanis SesaZleblobiT, rac iZleva misi dayenebis saSualebas
laboratoriis nebismier mosaxerxebel magidaze. dafis ZirSi magadaze

91
damagrebis TvalsazrisiT gaTvaliswinebulia Ssabamisi naxvretebi.
magidaze ganlagebulia noutbuki 3 adapteriT. rac stendis aucilebeli
da Seucvleli nawilia, aqve aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnas qselis modulebis damisamarTebisa da diagnostikis
xelsawyo, multimetri da oscilografi.
dafis wina mxareze mimagrebulia metalis paneli 4, romelzec
magrebulia saswavlo stendis aparatura. panelze ganlagebulia:
- bloki 5 programirebadi kontroleri SIMATIC S7-300, romelic
Tavis mxriv Seicavs kontroleris kvebis bloks – PS-300-s,
procesorul moduls CPU314C-2DP diskretuli da analoguri
signalebis Seyvana/gamoyvanis modulebs, agreTve komunikaciur
procesors CP343-2 AS-Interface-sis qselTan kavSirisaTvis;
- moduli 6, DP/AS-I Link PROFIBUS-DP da AS-Inerface-s qselebis
dakavSirebisaTvis erTmaneTTan;
- moduli 7, F90 tipis (brtyeli) AS-Interface-sis qselSi diskretuli
signalebis Seyvana/gamoyvanisaTvis (4 Sesasvleli/4 gamosasvleli);
- blokebi 8 da 10, kvebis blokebi 220v/=30v AS-Interface qselis
kvebisaTvis;
- induqciuri gadamwodi 9, AS-Interface-sis qselTan kavSiris
CaSenebuli mokrosqemiT;
- moduli 11, K60 tipis, AS-Interface interfeisis qselidan analoguri
signalebis gamoyvanisTvis (2 gamosasvleli);
- moduli 12, K60 tipis, AS-Interface interfeisis qselSi analoguri
signalebis SeyvanisaTvis (2 Sesasvleli);
- veli 13, moduli 12-is gamosasvleli signalebis indikaciisaTvis (2
cifruli voltmetri);
- veli 14, modul 12-is Sesasvleli signalebis dayenebisaTvis (2
potenciometri);
- moduli 15, AS-Interface-sis gammeorebel gamaZlierebeli;

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 - veli 16, Sesasvleli (Rilakebi da tumblerebi) da indikaciis
(Suqdiodebi) davalebis micemis veli modulze 7;
- moduli 17, K75 tipis, AS-Interface-sis qselSi diskretuli
signalebis Seyvana/gamoyvanisaTvis (2 Sesasvleli/2 gamosasvleli);
- veli 18, Sesasvleli (Rilakebi da tumblerebi) da indikaciis
(Suqdiodebi) davalebis micemis veli modulze 17;
- kabeli 19, yviTeli specialuri (kodirebuli formiT), romelic
ganmsWvalavs mTel rig modulebs, romelTa mierTebac kabelTan
warmoebs gavrvarebis meTodiT (prokalivnie);
- gadamrTveli 20, AS-Interface-sis qselis mierTebisaTvis an PROFIBUS-
DP qselTan, an komunikaciur procesorTan CP343-2;
- veli 21, Sesasvleli signalebis (Rilakebi, tumblerebi,
potenciometrebi) da gamosasvleli signalebis (Suqdiodebi
voltmetrebi) davalebis micemisaTvis SIMATIC S7-300
programirebadi kontrolerisTvis (bloki 5);
- gamomrTveli 22, kvebis gamorTvisaTvis.
dafaze dayenebulia gamosawevi ujra 23, klitiT, noutbukis,
damisamarTebisa da diagnostikis xelsawyos, multimetris da teqnikuri
dokumentaciis SenaxvisaTvis, garda amisa gaTvaliswineblia nakveTuri 24
TaroTi qaRaldebis, literaturisa da sxva nivTebis SenaxvisaTvis;
- avtomati 25, J7MN seriis Zaluri avtomaturi amomrTveli
(gamTiSveli);
- invertori 26, sixSiruli gardamqmneli VLT_Avtomation Drive;
- xelsawyo 27, damisamarTebisa da diagnostikis xelsawyo (3RK1904-
2AB01);
- Zravi 28, 1LA tipis mokled SerTul rotoriani asinqronuli Zravi
inkrimentaluri enkoderiT;
- 29 inkrimentaluri enkoderi;
- 30 adapteri, USB/MPI adapteri.

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 nax. 5.10-ze gamosaxulia stendis eleqtruli funqcionaluri sqema.
am sqemaze warmodgenilia sqemis TviToeuli elementis funqcionaluri
daniSnulebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera da amitom damatebiTi axsna
ganmarteba sqemisTvis aRar aris saWiro. saWiroa mxolod naCveneb iqnas,
rom PC1 ...PC5 – es programirebadi kontrolerisa da qselis Sesabamisi
modulebis Sesasvleli signalebis dayenebisa da gamosasvleli
signalebis indikaciis velebia.
literaturuli wyaroebidan gamomdinareobs, rom AS-Interface-sis
aparatura Zalian popularulia avtomatizaciis evropis specialistebSi,
magram misiT naklebad dainteresebulni arian Cven qveyanaSi da cota
specialistebma ician mis Sesaxeb. warmodgenili stendi raRac doziT
aRmofxvris am nakls.
5.4. obieqtis marTvis magaliTi qsel AS-Interface qseliT
magaliTis saxiT ganvixiloT laboratorul stendze warmodgenili
sazidris moZraobisa marTva AS-Interface-iT.

nax. 5.10. laboratoruli stendis principuli funqcionaluri sqema

94
5.4. SIMATIC S7-300 – is wamyvani mowyobilobebi AS-i interfeisiT
S7-300 kontrolerebisaTvis gamoiyeneba procesori CP 342-2 (ix. nax.
5.8.), romelic aris AS-i interfeisis standartuli wamyvani mowyobiloba.
mas ukavia 16 Sesasvleli da 16 gamosasvleli baiti kontroleris
analogur areSi, romelTa daxmarebiTac xdeba mimdevni mowyobilobebis
Sesasvleli signalebisa wakiTxva da amsrulebeli meqanizmebisaTvis
gamosasvleli signalebis dayeneba.

nax. 5.8. komponentebis SeerTeba erTmaneTTan xismagvari struqturiT

CP 343-2 AS-i interfeisis gafarToebuli wamyvani mowyobilobaa

damisamarTebis gafarToebuli reJimiT. mas ukavia 16 Sesasvleli da 16
gamosasvleli baiti kontroleris analogur areSi, romelTa

95
daxmarebiTac SeiZleba mimarTva AS-i interfeisis standartul mimdevn
mowyobilobebTan an A tipis mimdevn mowyobilobebTan. AS-i interfeisis B
tipis mowyobilobebTan kavSirisaTvis ki gamoyofilia Seyvana/gamoyvanis
damatebiTi are, romelTanac wvdoma organizebulia SFC-s gavliT.

nax. 5.9. Simens -is AS-i interfeisis standartuli wamyvani mowyobiloba CP

342-2

96
 Tavi VI – samrewvelo qseli Industrial Ethernet
6.1. saerTo cnobebi da ZiriTadi sistemuri komponentebi
Industrial Ethernet – es Msamrewvelo gamoyenebis maRali donis marTvis
mZlavri komunikaciuri qselia, romelic Seesabameba IEEE 802.3 (Industrial
Ethernet) da IEEE 802.3u (Fast Industrial Ethernet) saerTaSoriso standartebs.
Ethernet-i ikavebs msoflio lokaluri qselebis 80%-s.
Industrial Ethernet-ma SeiZleba imuSaos 10 mbit/wm-is siCqariT, Tu
gamoiyeneba triaqsialuri kabeli, minis optikurboCkovani kabeli, anda
ekranirebuli xveuli wyvili.
Fast Industrial Ethernet-ma SeiZleba imuSaos 100 mbit/wm-is siCqariT, Tu
gamoiyeneba minis optikurboCkovani kabeli, anda ekranirebuli xveuli
wyvili.
1997 wels gamoCnda versia 1000 mbit/wm-is siCqariT (Gigabit Ethernet,
IEEE 802.3z standartiT).
qselTan xelwvdomis marTva uzrunvelyofilia Carrier Sens Multiple
Access With/Collision Detection (CSMD/CD). protokolis daxmarebiT.
CSMD/CD protokoli (qselTaSorisi xelwvdoma matareblis
mokiTxviTa da koliziebis aRmoCeniT) aseve cnobilia rogorc LWT (Listen
While Talk sityvasityviT moismine sanam laparakoben). xelwvdomis aseTi
meTodi aris decentralizebuli, radgan yvela terminalur
mowyobilobas, romlebic qselTanaa mierTebuli aqvs Tanabari uflebebi.
Tu terminaluri mowyobiloba apirebs monacemTa gadacemas, is jer
usmens, xom ar gadaicema arxSi monacemebi sxva terminaluri
mowyobilobebis mier. Tu ki sxva sxva terminaluri mowyobilobebi ar
gadasceven monacemebs, maSin mas SeuZlia daiwyos gadacema. Tu ki
terminaluri mowyobiloba aRmoaCens, rom gadacemis garemo ukve
gamoiyeneba sxva mowyobilobis mier, maSin igi unda daelodos arxis
ganTavisuflebas. yvela terminaluri mowyobiloba usmenen monacemebs,
romlebic gadaecema. informacia daniSnulebis misamarTze, romelic

97
monacemebSia ganTavsebuli, SesaZleblobas aZlevs terminalur
mowyobilobas gamoicnos is, rom unda miiRos es informacia TviTon Tu
ara.
Tu ki ramdenime terminaluri mowyobiloba apirebs monacemTa
gtadacemas erTdroulad, da maT aRmoaCines, rom kavSiris arxi
Tavisufalia, maSin isini iwyeben gadacemas. mokle drois Semdeg moxdeba
gadasacemi monacemebis Sejaxeba (kolizia).
terminaluri mowyobilobebi aRWurvilia meqaniziT, romelic
saSualebas aZlevs maT aRmoaCinon aseTi koliziebi. yvela terminali,
romlebic aRmoCndnen koliziis Tanamonawileni wyveten gadacemas, da
raRac drois ganmavlobaSi TviToeuli terminalisTvis moxdeba qselTan
mikiTxvis dayovnebis sididis gamoTvla. dayovnebis sididis SemTxveviTi
xasiaTi maRali albaTobiT iZleva garantias, rom yvela terminalisTvis,
romlebic konfliqtSi iRebdnen monawileobas, dayovnebebi iqneba
sxvadasxva. amis Semdeg gadacemis mcdeloba meordeba Tavidan. terminali,
romlis gamoangariSebuli dayovneba iqneba naklebi, daiwyebs gadacemas
pirvelad da daablokirebs yvela sxva gadacemebs. sxva terminalebi ki
elodebian kavSiris arxis ganTavisuflebas.EB
CSMA/SD–s xelmiwvdomis (daSveba) teqnika funqcionirebs
Secdomebis gareSe Ethernet qselSi, romlis sigrZec SezRudulia
monacemTa paketis gavrcelebis maqsimaluri dasaSvebi droiT. manZili,
romlis sazRvrebSic A CSMA/SD protokoli muSaobs koreqtulad,
ewodeba koliziis aRmoCenis domenad an “ koliziumur domenad”. Ethernet –
is klasikur qselebSi (10 mbit/wm) koliziis aRmoCenis domens aqvs 4520 m
sigrZe. informaciis gadacemis siCqaris gazrdiT, romelic daSvebis igive
CSMA/SD meTodzea damyarebuli, iseve, rogorc mag. Industrial Ethernet-
qselSi, koliziis domenis aRmoCenis maqsimaluri manZili mcirdeba
gadacemis siCqaris gazrdis proporciulad.
Industrial Ethernet-is da Fast Industrial Ethernet-is ZiriTadi
maxasiaTeblebis urTierTSedareba warmodgenilia cxril 6.1. - Si. am

98
cxrilidan gamomdinareobs, rom isini gansxvavdebian ara marto
swrafqmedebiT, aramed informaciis gadacemis sxvadasxva garemos
gamoyenebiT da sxvadasxva komponentebis gamoyenebiT.
cxrili 6.1.
Industrial Ethernet-is da Fast Industrial Ethernet-is Sedareba
Ethernet Fast Ethernet
IEEE standarti 802.3 802.3u
gadacemis siCqare 10 mbit/wm 100 mbit/wm
impulsis sigrZe 10 nwm 10 nwm
(bitis)
daSvebis meTodi CSMA/SD
paketis maqs. sigrZe 1518 baiti
paketis min. sigrZe 64 baiti
misamar. velis sigrZe 48 baiti
topologia varskvlavi, xe, salte
gadacemis koaqs: 10BASE5
mxardaWerili garemo xveuli wyvili: 10BASE-T xveuli wyvili: 10BASE-TX
BO: 10BASE-FL BO: 10BASE-FX
qseluri transiverebi OSM
komponentebi OLM ESM
ELM
ASGE
Mini UTGE
Mini OTDE
segmentis maqs. sigrZe 100 m 100 m
xveuli wyvilis
segmentis maqs. sigrZe mravalmodemuri opto- mravalmodemuri opto-
optikurboCkuri boCko 3000 m boCko 3000 m
erTmodemuri: - 26 km.

99
 6.2. Industrial Ethernet – qselis standartuli segmenti da
komponentebi
Industrial Ethernet orientirebulia sami standartuli segmentis
gamoyenebaze: 10BASE5, 10BASE-T da 10BASE-FL.
segmentis dasaxeleba Seicavs Tavis TavSi sam elements: cifra “10”
aRniSnavs gadacemis siCqares 10 mbt/wm-Si, sityva BASE- es gadacemaa
sixSireebis ZiriTad zolSi, xolo bolo elementi aRniSnavs segmentis
dasaSveb sigrZes “5” – 500 metrs, an kavSiris xazis tips: “T”-xveul
wyvils (inglisuridan “twisted pair”), “F” – optoboCkovan kabels
(inglisuridan “fiber optic”).
standarti 10BASE5 gansazRvravs Ethernet segments msxvili
koaqsialuri kabelis safuZvelze da topologiiT “Sina” sigrZiT 500
metramde. aseTi kabelis gavrceleba SezRudulia, rac dakavSirebulia
aseTi kabelis montaJis siZneleebTan da siZviresTan. Msxvili kabeli – es
yvelaze ZviradRirebuli gadacemis garemoa (daaxloebiT 3-jer Zviri
vidre sxva tipebi). Miuxedavad amisa is gamoirCeva ukeTesi medegobiT
xelSeSlebis mimarT da maRali meqanikuri gamZleobiT.

nax. 6.1. adaptereis mierTeba msxvil kabelTan

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 kompiuteris mierTeba magaliTad qselTan (nax. 6.1) transiveriTaa
(MAU, Medium Attachment Unit – garemosTan mierTebis mowyobiloba)
uzrunvelyofili, romelic yendeba msxvil kabelze da ukavSirdeba
adapters transiveruli kabeliT.
kabelTan mierTebisaTvis gamoiyeneba AMP korporaciis mier
SemoTavazebuli mowyobilobebi. isini ar iTxoven kabelis gadaWras
SeerTebis wertilSi, aramed ubralod CaCxvlitaven kabels izoliaciasa
da garsacms, riTac uzrunvelyofen meqanikur da eleqtrul mierTebas
rogorc wnulTan aseve kabecis centralur wverTan. am mowyobilobebs
uwodeben “vampirebs).
aq “Adapter Ethernet” uzrunvelyofs obieqtTis mierTebulobas, mag
kompiuterisa wselTan, anu informaciis gacvlas obieqtsa da kavSirebis
arxs Soris informaciis miRebuli gacvlis wesebis Sesabamisad.
adapteri, rogorc aseTi, mzaddeba platis saxiT, romelis idgmeba mag.
kompiuteris gafarToebis slotebSi.
standarti 10BASE-T gansazRvravs Ethernet segments samrewvelo
xveuli wyvilis safuZvelze. samrewveli xveuli wyvili (10BASE-T)
uzrunvelyofs monacemTa gadacemas 10 mbit/wm-is siCqariT.
gadacemis are warmoadgens ekranirebul kabels ori xveuli
wyviliT talRuri winaaRmdegobiT 100 om. TviToeuli xveuli wyvili
gadascems informacias mxolod erTi mimarTulebiT(erti wyvili
gadamcemia, meore ki mimRebi). urTierT sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli xveuli
wyvilebis gamoyeneba amcirebs koliziis deteqtirebis amocanas. kolizia
deteqtirdeba maSin, rodesac aris Semomavali signali signalis
gadacemis dros.
kabelis boloSi, 10BASE-T standartis Sesabamisad, ganlagebulni
arian RJ-45 gasarTebi. SIMATEC NET produqciis CarCoebSi alternativis
saxiT aseve SesaZlebelia sum-D gasarTebis gamoyeneba.
xveuli wyvili SesaZleblobas iZleva “wertili-wertilTan” tipis
SeerTebisa or aqtiur komponentebs Soris. es niSnavs, rom qseluri

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komponentis terminalsa da ports Soris yovelTvis dgindeba pirdapiri
kavSiri (pirdapiri arxi). qseluri komponenti axorcialebs miRebuli
signalebis gaZlierebas da maT Semdeg gadacemas Tavisi gamomavali
portebis gavliT. SIMATEC NET-is ojaxis Industrial Ethernet qselebSi es
amocanebi wydeba iseTi qseluri komponentebiT, rogorc OLM, ELM, OSM
da ESM. arxis maqsimaluri sigrZe (rac cnobilia rogorc segmentis
sigrZe), romelic akavSirebs terminalsa da qselur komponents ar
SeiZleba iyos 100 metrze meti.
kabeliT, romelic Seicavs xveul wyvilebs, qselis TviToeuli
abonenti miuerTdeba koncentrators (ganmStoebels), romlis gamoyenebac
aucilebelia (nax. 6.2).

nax. 6.2. 10BASE-T abonentebis kavSiri qselTan xveulwyviliani kabelebiT:

a) mierTeba, b) RJ-45 gasarTis konstruqcia

nax. 6.2-ze warmodgenili gasarTis (Stekeri, SemaerTebeli) RJ-45 ar

SeiZleba calke iyos ASekveTili. misi SeZena SeiZleba mxolod mza
kabelebTan erTad (TP kordebi).
standarti 10BASE-FL gansazRvravs Ethernet segments optikur
boCkovani kavSiris arxiT.
gadacemis ared aq gamoiyeneba mravalmoduri optikur-boCkovani
kabeli minis 62.5/125 mkm an 50/125 mkm tipis boCkoebiT.

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 optikur-boCkovani SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs davamyaroT “wertili-
wertili” tipis SeerTeba or aqtiur komponentebs Soris (nax. 6.3). es
niSnavs, rom qselis komponentebsa da qselis sxva kompiuteris ports
Soris yovelTvis myardeba pirdapiri kavSiri. qseluri komponentebi (nax.
6.3- ze FOMAU transiverebi) asruleben misaRebi signalebis pirobebs da
monacemTa Semdgom gadacemas gamosasvleli portebis gavliT. Industrial
Ethernet -is SIMATEC NET qselebSi am amocanas wyveten OLM modulebi.

nax. 6.3. 10BASE-T-s abonentebis mierTeba optikur-boCkovani kabeliT

transiverebis an mimReb-gadamcemebis daniSnulebaa informaciis

gadacema adaptersa da kavSiris kabels Soris, an or segments (nawilebs)
Soris. transiverebi aZliereben signalebs, gardaqmnian maT doneebs an
gardaqmnian signalebs sxva formebSi, (mag. eleqtrulidan sxva formaSi
da piruku).

103
 pptikurboCkovani transiveri FOMAU (Fiber Optic MAU) asrulebs
Cveulebrivi MAU transiveris yvela funqcias, magrm garda amisa
gardaqmnis eleqtrul signals optikurSi gadacemis dros da piruku-
miRebis dros. FOMAU aseve aformirebs da akontrolebs kavSiris
signalis mTlianobas, rasac gadascevs pauzebs Soris.
nax. 6.4-ze warmodgenilia MINI UTDE (RJ-45) transiveri xveuli
wyvilisTvis, romels daniSnulebacaa c (optikuri interfeisis) mqone
terminaluri mowyobilobis mierTeba qselTan, romelic Sesrulebulia
xveuli wyviliT, agreTve kavSiris damyarebisaTvis xviara wyviliT, or
terminalur mowyobilobas Soris portebiT AUI.

nax. 6.4. eleqtruli transiveri MINI UTDE (RJ-45)

nax. optikuri transiveri MINI OTDE: a) saerTo xedi, b) arxi “wertili-

wertili”
nax. 6.5-ze gamosaxulia MINI OTDE transiveri, romlis
daniSnulebacaa AUI portis mqone terminaluri mowyobilobis dakavSireba

104
optikur qselTan, agreTve or teminalur mowyobilobebs Soris optikuri
arxis organizacia. MINI OTDE uzrunvelyofs eleqtrul ganmxoloebas
optikur-boCkovan kabelTan. Sedagad maRldeba eleqtromagnitur
xelSeSlebis mimarT daculoba.
cxril 6.1 –Tan gamomdinareobs, rom Industrial Ethernet –qselis aqtiur
komponentebs warmoadgenen kavSiris modulebi OLM da ELM (nax. 6.6).
am modulebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebloba xdeba Ethernet –qselis
moqnili konfigurireba IFFF 802.3 standartis Sesabamisad, optikur-
boCkovani anda spilenZis kabelebis gamoyenebiT monacemTa gadacemis
arxebSi gamosayeneblad.

nax. 6.6. Industrial Ethernet –qselis kavSiris modulebi:

a) optikuri OLM; b) eleqtruli ELM

kavSiris optikuri modulebs (OLM) aqvT sami porti samrewvelo

xveuli wyvilis (ITR) mierTebisaTvis da ori porti (BFOC) optikuri
kabelis mierTebisaTvis. ITR portTan SeiZleba mierTebul iqnas sam
terminalur mowyobilobamde an amdenive optikuri qseluri komponentebi
(OLM, varskvlavismagvari ganmStoebeli an sxv.).

105
 kavSiris eleqtruli moduli (ELM) ukve naxsenebi 3 portis garda,
romelic gankuTvnilia samrewvelo xveuli wyvilis ( ITR) mierTebisaTvis,
aRWurvilia aseve (AUI) portiT. am portTan, SemaerTebeli kabelis 727.1-s
da transiveris gavliT SeiZleba mierTebul iqnas Ethernet qselis segmenti,
romelic Sesrulebulia triaqsialur kabelze.
qselis aqtiuri varskvlavismsgvsi ganmStoeblebis daxmarebiT,
romelic iyenebs SCMA/CD protokols formirdeba ganStoebis wertilebi
(nax. 6.7). moduluri konstruqciidan gamomdinare miiRweva qselis moqnili
konfigurireba, romelSic SeiZleba erToblivad gamoyenebul iqnas
gadacemis sxvadasxva areebi, mag. triaqsialuri kabeli, samrewvelo
xveuli wyvili, da optikur-boCkovani kabeli. sxvadasxva gadacemis
areebisa da gamoyenebebisaTvis SemoTavazebulia interfeisuli platebis
wyoba (nax. 6.7b).

nax. 6.7. aqtiuri varskvlavismsgavsi ganmStoebeli ASGE:

a) saerTo xedi; b) interfeisuli platebi

6.3. Fast Ethernet qselis standartuli segmentebi da qseluri

komponentebi
Tu ki SevadarebT Ethernet da Fast Ethernet qselebis standartuli
segmentebis jgufebs, davinaxavT rom Fast Ethernet qselebSi sruliad
uaryofilia koaqsialuri kabeli. darCenilia mxolod segmentebi xveul
wyvilze da optikur-boCkovani segmentebi.
standarti 100BASE-TX gansazRvravs qsels pasiuri varskvlevis
topologiiTa da gaormagebuli xveuli wyvilis gamoyenebiT. magram, am

106
SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia araekranirebuli xveuli wyviliT (UTR)
kabelebis gamoyeneba me-5 kategoriisa da ufro zeviT mdgomis, rac
dakavSirebulia kabelis moTxovnili gatarebis SesaZleblobebiT.
dReisaTvis es Fast Ethernet qselis yvelaze popularuli tipia.
standarti 100BASE-FX gansazRvravs aparaturas, romelic Zalian axlos
dgas 100BASE-FL aparaturasTan. ZusTad iseve, aqac gamoiyeneba pasiuri
“varskvlavis” topologia, romelzedac mierTebulia mag. kompiuterebi
ganmStoeblebTan ori sxvadasxauflebiani optikurboCkuri kabelebis
daxmarebiT. (nax. 6.3).
cxril 6.1-is Tanaxmad Fast Ethernet qselis aqtiuri qseluri
komponentebi arian me-2 versiis OSM da ESM (nax. 6.8). isini iafi da
efeqturi saSualebaa komutirebuli qselis asagebaT, romelic muSaobs
monacemebis gadacemis siCqariT 100 mbt/wm. calkeuli segmentebis Seqmna
(qselis dayofa qveqselebad/segmentebaT) da am segmentebis mierTeba OSM
da ESM modulebTan SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs SevzRudoT arsebuli
qselebis datvirTva da gavzardoT misi mwarmoebloba.

nax. 6.8. Fast Ethernet qselis kavSiris modulebi: a) OSM moduli; b) ESM
moduli

komutirebis teqnologiis gamoyenebiT OSM da ESM modulebi

SesaZleblobas gvaZleven SevqmnaT rezervirebuli rgoluri

107
 struqturebi mcire gadarTvis droiT (gadarTvis dro ar aRemateba 0.3
wm-s).
optikuri rgolis SeqmnisaTvis gamoiyeneba OSM modulebi ori
optikur-boCkovani portebiT.
eleqtruli rgolis SeqmnisaTvis ESM modulebi erTmaneTs
uerTdebian ITP kabelebiT Tavisi me-7 da me-8 portebiT.
rgolSi monacemTa gadacemis siCqare Seadgens 100 mbt/wm-s. garda
ori portisa, rgolis agebisaTvis OSM modulebs aqvT kidev 6 porti,
rasac SeiZleba SeuerTdes rogorc terminaluri mowyobilobebi aseve
qselis segmentebi. ramdenime rgoli SeiZleba gaerTiandes rzervirebis
TvalsazrisiT, risTvisac SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rezervirebis
CaSenebuli funqcia.

6.4. Ethernet qselis konfiguraciis magaliTi

Nnax. 6.9-ze moyvanilia Industrial Ethernet sxvadasxva teqnololgiebisa
da nakeTobrebis kombinirebis magaliTi erT qselSi.
Qqseli 1
maralsiCqariani qseli 1-is oTxi moduli OSM warmoqmnian
rezervirebul rgols, romlebic mxars uWeren 100 mgb/wm-iT gadacemis
siCqares. Tu ki misaerTebel terminalur mowyobilobas an qselur
komponents aqvT saTanado Sesruleba, maSin OSM modulebmac, romlebsac
aqvT xveuli wyvilis SemaerTebeli portebi, SeuZlia imuSaos 100 mgb/wm-i
siCqariT. OSM asrulebs komutatoris funqcias da konfigurirebis
SemTxvevaSi saWiroa mxedvelobaSi iqnas miRebuli kavSirebis arxebis
mxolod maqsimaluri sigrZeebi, romlebic uerTdebian calkeul portebs.
(100 m xveuli wyvilisTvis, 3000 m – optikuri boCkosTvis).
qseli 2
qsel 2-s aseve aqvs rezervirebuli rgolis topologia. Qseluri
komponentebi OLM da varskvlavismagvari ganmStoebeli ASGF muSaoben 10
mbt/wm siCqariT da iyeneben garemosTan wvdomis xerxs CSMA/SD.

108
 Nnax. 6.9. qselis struqtura Industrial Ethernet qseluri komponentebis
gamoyenebiT
kavSirebis arxebis maqsimaluri sigrZe arwevs 100 m-s (OLM
portTancalke terminaluri mowyobilobis moerTebiT) da 3000 m
optikuri boCkosTvis ( or OLM moduls Soris). Aaseve SeiZleba
mxedvelobaSi iqnas miRebuli domenebns Soris koliziis aRmoCenis

109
sazRvrebi (or sxvadasxva kvanZs Soris signalis gavrcelebis
maqsimaluri dasaSvebi dro).
qseli 3
qseli 3 warmoadgens mcire sistemas triaqsialuri kabeliT,
romelmac iarseba mravali weli. ELM modeli SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs
miuerToT es sistema Tanamedrove farTomasStabian qsels, romelSic
gamoiyeneba komutirebuli teqnika.

6.5. Ethernet qselebi komutirebuli qselis teqnologiis

gamoyenebiT
Tanamedrove Ethernet qselebSi farTod gamoiyeneba komutirebuli
qselebis teqnika. Ees teqnologia SesaZleblobasa iZleva gaizardos
qselis mwarmoebloba da gatareblobis unari, Sesruldes misi
SeuzRudavi gafarToeba, gadawydes konfliqturi situaciebi domenebsa da
qveqselebs Soris, Sesruldes qselis komponentebis moxerxebuli
konfigurireba das xv. Sakomunikacio komponentebis axali seria
SCALANCE X (nax. 6.10) Tavis TavSi aerTianebs ramodenime SeTanxmebul
komutators, romlebic optimizirebulia Tavisi funqcionaluri
SesaZleblobebiT, riTac SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva sirTulis
komunikaciuri amocanebis Sesruleba da riTac iqmneba agreTve
komutirebuli teqnologiis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba ara marto Industrial
Ethernet-Si, aramed PROFINET-Sic.
aramarTvadi komutatorebi SCALANCE X500/XB000/X100 – es Industrial
Ethernet-is metnaklebad martivi komutatorebia, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva
Seiqmnas xazuri da varskvlaviseburi struqturebi monacemTa gacvliT
10/100 mbt/wm, xolo XB000G-s daxmarebiT ki 1000 mbt/wm-mde.
X500, XB000G da X108 aRWurvilia mxolod eleqtruli RJ-45-ebiT,
X004-1, XB106-1 da X104-2 - eleqtruli RJ-45-ebiT da Industrial Ethernet-is
optikuri BFOC/SC portebiT.

110
 SCALANCE X200/X200ITR/XF200/XF200IRT marTvadi komutatorebi
SesaZleblobas iZleva Seiqmnas Industrial Ethernet da PROFINET qselebis
xazuri, varskvlavismagvari da rgoluri struqturebi 10/100 mbt/wm
siCqariT monacemTa gacvlis SesaZleblobiT. X200/XF200 komutatorebi
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas im qselebSi, sadac monacemTa gacvla xdeba
drois realur masStabSi (RT – Real Time), garda amisa isini mxar uWeren
diagnostikuri funqciis farTo speqtrs.

nax. 6.10 SCALANCE-X seriis Industrial Ethernet qselis komutatorebi

X200/XF200 komutatorebi SeiZleba CarTul iqnas qselis rgolur

topologiaSi da mxars uWeren rekonfigurebis funqciebs (RM – Roaming
Management) rgolis gawyvetis momentSi (garda X208PRO), magram ver uWeren
mxars Standby funqciebs, romlebic aucilebelia orrgoliani
rezervirebuli struqturis asagebaT. Ees funqciebi SeuZliaT
Seasrulon mxolod X200IRT komutatorebma. Qqselis rekonfigurebis dro
ar aWarbebs 0,3 wams. damatebiT kidev X200IRT/XF200IRT uxrunvelyofen
aseve monacemTa gacvlis SesaZleblobas realur droSi, taqturi
sinxronizaciis (Isochronous Real Time – IRT) gamoyenebiT.

111
 X200/ X200IRT/XF200/XF200IRT SCALANCE komutatorebis IP misamarTebi
SeiZleba dayenebul iqnas DNCP (Dinamic Host Configuration Protokol) – is
daxmarebiT, TandarTuli programuli uzrunvelyofiT anda STEP 7 – is
daxmarebiT. Gawyobis parametrebi SeiZleba Senaxul iyos C-PLUG moxsnad
modulSi, romelic aucilebelia calke iqnas SekveTili.
marTvadi komutatorebi SCALANCE X300 aerTianebs SCALANCE X300
seriis zogierT programul da aparatul SesaZleblobebsa da SCALANCE
X200 seriis kompaqtur serias.
SCALANCE X300 komutatoreebi SesaZleblobas iZlevian Seiqmnas
Industrial Ethernet qselis xazuri, rgoluri da varskvlaviseburi
struqturebi 10/100/1000 mbt/wm siCqariT informaciis gacvlis
SesaZleblobiT. isini SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas iseT qselebSi sadac
infoirmaciis gacvla warmoebs drois realur reJimSi (RT-Real Time), da
SeuZliaT diagnostikuri funqciis farTo speqtris mxardaWera.
SCALANCE X300 komutatorebi SeiZleba CairTos qselis rgolur
topologiaSi, SeuZliaT Seasrulon RM – is rekonfigurirebis funqciis
mxardaWera rgolis gawyvetis SemTxvevaSi, aseve Standby funqciis
mxardaWera, rac aucilebelia rezervirebuli ori rgolis struqturis
asagebad.
fasis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT SCALANCE X300 seriis
komutatorebis zogierTi modeli damuSavebul iqna Fast Ethernet qselebSi
gamosayeneblad, siCqariT (10/100 mbt/wm) da am seriis komutatorebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli yvela ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblis SenarCunebiT. aseTi
komutatorebi Seicavs Tavis markirebaSi asoebs FF (Fast Ethernet). FF
SCALANCE X308-2M komutatori aRWurvilia 10/100/1000 mbt/wm
siCqariani oTxi CaSenebuli RJ-45 portiT da ori slotiT MM991 da MM992
makonvertirebeli modulebis Casayeneblad. am modulebis daxmarebiT
X308-2M CaSenebuli portebi SeiZleba Sevsebul iyos Fast Ethernet anda
gigabaituri Ethernet - is 4 eleqtruli an optikuri portiT.

112
 SCALANCE X308-2M PoE komutatorSi CaSenebuli portebi mxars
uWeren Ethernet gavliT kvebis funqcias. Gawyobis parametrebi Seinaxeba C-
PLUG moxsnad modulSi, rac CarTulia SeZenis kompleqtSi.
marTvadi komutatorebi SCALANCE X300 iwarmoeba gamZle metalis
korpusebSi IP30 dacvis xarisxiT, romlebic oroentirebulia marTvis 19’’
karadebSi CayenebisaTvis. Yyvela xelsawyos aqvs versia =24v kvebis
Zabvvaze muSaobisaTvis. Kvebis kabelebisa da qselis kabelebis mierTeba
xelsawyoTa sxvadasxva versiebSi SeiZleba Sesruldes korpusis rogorc
frontaluri aseve zurgis mxaridan.
komutatorebs aqvT moduluri konstruqcia da SesaZleblobas
iZleva Cayendes 12-mde makonvertirebeli modulebi MM991 da/an MM992.
maTi daxmarebiT SeiZleba miRebul iqnas 24-mde eleqtruli da/an
optikuri Fast Ethernet anda gigabaituri Ethernet porti.
uzrunvelyofilia magistraluri, rgoluri da varskvlavismsgavsi
topologiebis, agreTve erTeulovani anda dublirebuli rgoluri
qseluri struqturebis mxardaWera. Gawyobis parametrebi Seinaxeba C-
PLUG modulSi.
marTvad komutatorebs SCALANCE XR300ProE – s aqvT 16 CaSenebuli
eleqtruli porti RJ-45 gigabaituri Ethernet-isTvis da 4 sloti
makonvertirebeli modulebis MM991 da/an MM992 CayenebisaTvis. 8
CaSenebuli porti uzrunvelyofen kvebis funqciis mxardaWeras Ethernet-is
gavliT.
SCALANCE X300EEC marTvadi komutatorebi damuSavebulia mZime
samrewvelo pirobebSi eqspluataciisaTvis. SCALANCE X300EEC (Enhancd
Envroment Condition- garemomcveli garemos gafarToebuli pirobebi)
komutatorebi pasuxoben IEC 61850-3 da IEEE 1613 standartebis moTxovnebs,
SesaZleblobas gvaZleven SevasruloT drois sinxronizaciis operacia 1
mkw sizustiT, rac moTxovnilia IEEE 1588 V2 standartiT da
uzrunvelyofen SCALANCE X300 komutatorebis yvela funqciis
mxardaWeras.

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 maRali gamZleoba eleqtromagnituri velebis zemoqmedebis mimarT,
muSa temperaturis farTo diapazoni, kvebis wredebis rezervirebuli
variantis arseboba SesaZleblobas iZleva gamoyenebul iqnas SCALANCE
X300EEC komutatorebi informaciis saimedo gacvlisaTvis marTvis
sistemebSi:
- saSualo da maRali Zabvis qvesadgurebSi;
- gazisa da navTobis magistralur gamtarebSi;
- samTo warmoebis sawarmoebSi da sxv.
SCALANCE X400 moduluri komutatorebi warmoadgenen
makonvertirebel modulebs da gafarToebis modulebs. Ees komutatorebi
uzrunvelyofen informaciis gacvlis mxardaWeras 10/100/1000 mbt/wm
siSqariT, optikuri da boCkovani Ethernet da PROFINET kavSirebis arxebis
saSualebiT. Moduluri konstruqcia da ofisuri standartebis
mxardaWera SesaZleblobas iZlevian marTivad mivusadagoT komutatori
amosaxsneli amosaxsneli amocanebis moTxovnilebebTan da agreTve
SevZloT monacemebis gadacvla samrewvelo da saofiso qselebs Soris.
Aam komutatorebis gamoyenebis mTavari area saqarxno donis
maRalmwarmoebuli qselebi.
SCALANCE X400 komutatorebi SesaZleblobas iZleva Seiqmnas
qselebis xazuri, varskvlavismagvari da rgoluri konfiguraciebi, aseve
uzrunvelyofen RM da Standby funqciebis mxardaWeras.
SCALANCE X414-3E aRWurvilia gigabituri Ethernet - is ori TP
(10/100/1000 mbt/wm. RJ-45) da 12 TP Fast Ethernet (100/1000 mbt/wm. RJ-45) portebiT.
Mme-5 slotSi SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnas makonvertirebeli moduli MM492,
romelic gardaqmnis CaSenebul eleqtrul gigabaitur Ethernet portebs
optikur portebSi. me-6 da me-7 slotebSi SeiZleba Cauenebul iqnas
makonvertirebeli modulebi MM491, romelTaganac TviToeuli
aRWurvilia ori optikuri interfeisiT Fast Ethernet. Mmodulis marjvniv
SeiZleba Cayenebul iyos gafarToebis moduli EM495-8 Fast Ethernet – is
(10/100 mbt/wm) 8 TR portiT (bude RJ-45) an gafarToebis moduli EM496-4

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4 slotiT makonvertirebeli MM491 modulebis Casayeneblad da 8
damatebiTi Fast Ethernet optikuri portis misaRebaT.
rezervirebis marTvis CaSenebuli sistema uzrunvelyofs gadacemis
arxebis Cqarosnuli arCevis SesaZleblobas did qselebSi rogorc
gigabaituri Y Ethernet- isTvis (SCALANCE X400 rgolur struqturaSi), aseve
Fast Ethernet interfeisebisTvis (SCALANCE X400, SCALANCE X200 da OSM/ESM
erT rgolSi).
optikuri kabelebis mierTeba MM491 modulebTan sruldeba BFOC
SemaerTeblebis saSualebiT, MM492 modulebTan – SC SemaerTeblebiT.
komutatoris maqsimaluri konfiguracia SesaZleblobas iZleva mxari
dauWiros gigabaituri Ethernet-is 2 eleqtrul an optikur ports, 24 Fast
Ethernet TR ports da 12 optikur Fast Ethernet ports. X414-3E-s samontaJo
sigane mierTebuli gafarToebis moduliT SesaZleblobas iZleva
damontaJdes komutatori 19” marTvis karadaSi.

nax. 6.11. SCALANCE X400 modulis gamoyenebis magaliTebi a)

momxmareblis aparaturis mierTeba, b) samrewvelo umavTulo kavSiris
komponentis mierTeba.

komutatoris gawyobis parametrebi Seinaxeba C-PLUG mosaxsnel

modulSi, romelic Sesulia mowodebis kompleqtSi.

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 nax. 6.11 - ze magaliTis saxiT warmodgenilia momxmareblis
aparaturis, rogoricaa: programirebadi kontroleris SIMATIC S7-300-s,
Eganawilebuli Seyvana-gamoyvanis sadguris T 200S-is (nax. 6.10°), agreTve
samrewvelo umavTuli kavSiris komponentis IWLAN (Industrial Wireless Local
Area Network) SCALANCE W788-IPRO – is mierTebis sqemebi modulur
komutatorTan SCALANCE X400.
SCALANCE X500 moduluri komutatorebi - es Industrial Y Ethernet
qselis me-3 donea, romelic uzrunvelyofs rogorc saofise ise
samrewvelo standartebis mxardaWeras. isini SesaZleblobas iZlevian
xazuri, varskvlavismsgavsi da rgoluri struqturebis qselebis
formirebisa eleqtruli da optikuri kavSirebis arxebis meSveobiT da
aqvT unari mxari dauWiron monacemTa gacvlis siCqares 10 gbit/w-mde.
Komutatorebi aRWurvilia Ethernet 10 gbiT-amde siCqaris mqone oTxi
optikuri interfeisiT da SeuZliaT qondeT 12 slotamde sxvadasxva
tipis makonvertirebeli modulis Casayeneblad. Aam tipisagan
damokidebulebiT TviToeuli makonvertirebeli moduli aRWurvilia 4
Ethernet 10/100/1000 mbt/wm siCqariani eleqtruli an optikuri portiT.
gabituri Ethernet komutatoris eleqtruli da/an optikuri interfeisis
sdaerTo raodenobam SeiZleba miaRwios 48. maTgan 12 eleqtruli
interfeisi mxars uWers qselidan kvebis funqcias. Uzrunvelyofilia
agreTve makonvertirebeli modulebis “cxeli” Secvlis mxardaWera.
rezervirebis CaSenebuli menejeri SesaZleblobas iZleva
gamoyenebul iqnas SCALANCE X500 komutatorebi dazianebuli rgoluri
qselebis swrafi rekonfigurebisaTvis. isini SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
agreTve rezervirebuli SeerTebebis dayenebisaTvis rgolebs Soris im
qselebSi, romlebTac aqvT prmagi rgolis topologia. MSTP/STP/RSTP
protokolebis mxardaWera SesaZleblobas iZleva Sesruldes
komutatorebis darezervirebuli mierTeba ufro maRali donis saofise
qselebTan.

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 gawyobis parametrebis Senaxva xdeba CPLUG/KEY-PLUG mosaxsnel
modulSi.
SCALANCE X101 moduli TamaSobs umarTavi konvertorebis rols,
romelic asrulebs gamtaruli 10/100/1000 BASE-T/TX Ethernet-is gardaqmnas
optikurboCkovan 100BASE-FX da 100BASE-FX Ethernet-Si. Mmedia-
konvertorebis sxvadasxva modelebi damzadebulia saofise anda
samrewvelo SesrulebiT da daniSnulia temperaturis standartul anda
gafarToebul diapazonSi samuSaod. Eeleqtrul portebTan kavSirebis
arxebis mierTeba xorcieldeba IE FC TP kabelebiT 2x2 ze IE FC RJ-45 –is
tipis Cayenebul StekerebTan kabelis RerZuli gamomyvaniT. Optikur
portebTan mierTeba ki xdeba minis anda plastikuri (X101-1POF)
optikurboCkuri kabelebiT BFOC an SC Stekerebis gamoyenebiT.
usadeno kavSiris komponentebi IWLAN uzrunvelyofen monacemTa
gacvlis organizebis saSualebas Industrial Ethernet-is kavSiris umavTulo
arxebis gamoyenebiT, romelic muSaobs 2,4 da 5,0 gghc sixSireTa
diapazonSi:
- SCALANCE W780 seriis IWLAN wvdomis wertilebi;
- SCALANCE W740 seriis Ethernet-klientebis IWLAN modulebi;
- sxvadasxva daniSnulebis wriuli da mimarTuli IWLAN antenebi;
- SINEMA E programuli uzrunvelyofa IWLAN qselebis
proeqtirebisa da momsaxurebisaTvis.
maTi funqcionireba dafuZnebulia IEEEE saerTaSoriso standartebze,
rogoricaa 802.11°/b/g/h, GSM, GPRS, xolo momavalSi – UMTS. monacemTa
gacvlis siCqare aRwevs 54 mbit/wm-s, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva
gamoyenebul iqnas IWLAN komponentebi realur droSi monacemTa
gacvlisTvis, integrigebul iqnas misi arxebi PROFINET IO
ganawilebuli Seyvana-gamoyvanis sistemebSi da uzrunvelyofil iyos
PROFIsafe profilis mxardaWera.
Tavisi funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebiT SCALANCE W modulebi
iyofa wvdomis wertilis modulebaT da Ethernet klientis modulebaT.

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 wvdomis wertilebi uerTdebian Ethernet-is stacionalur qselebs da
mxars uWeren mobilur sadgurebTan monacemTa usadeno gacvlas IWLAN
– is gavliT. TviToeuli mobiluri sadguri anda daSorebuli
stacionaluri obieqti kompleqtirdeba Ethernet klientis modulebiT
(nax. 6.12).

nax. 6.12. usadeno kavSiris komponentebis gamoyenebis magaliTi Industrial Y

Ethernet qselSi

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 CaSenebuli interfeisis Ethernet-is gavliT aseT moduls ukavSirdeba
erTidan 8 xelsawyomde. romlebsac SeuZliaT monacemTa gacvlis
mxardaWera IWLAN kavSirebis arxebis gavliT. TviToeuli wvdomis
werTili aformirebs radio vels, romlis sazRvrebSic xdeba monavemTa
umavTulo gacvla. am velis formirebis xasiaTi damokidebulia
gamoyenebuli antenebis tipze.
mimarTuli antenebi axdenen radio velis koncentracias mimarTuli
sxivis saxiT. aseTi kavSiris arxis sigrZem SeiZleba miaRwios ramdenime
aseul metrs. mimarTuli radiovelis gadaxra Tavis sazRvrebidan iwvevs
kavSiris dakargvas.
aesTi antenebi Zalzed mosaxerxebelia “wserili wertilTan” tipis
SeerTebis damyarebisaTvis stacionalur obieqtebs Soris, romlebic
SeiZleba ganlagebul iyvnensarkinigzo da saavtomobilo gzebis
sxvadasxva mxareebze, mdinareebis, wyalsacavebisa sxvadasxva napirebze da
sxv.
wriuli antenebi aformireben radiotalRebs Tavisi RerZis garSemo. am
velis daZabuleba yvelaze metia antenis RerZTan da mcirdeba misgan
moSorebis Sesabamisad. SenobebSi saimedo kavSiri wvdomis wertilTan
uzrunvelyofilia 30 m radiusSi antenidan. Ria sivrceebze ki -200 m-is
radiusSi.
did manZilebze umavTulo kavSiris mxardaWeris aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi formirdeba radioqselis infrastruqtura wvdomis
wertilebis saWiro raodenobiT, romlebic aformireben radiodaWeris
uwyvet zonas. damuSavebulia operatorebis moZravi(gadasatani) panelebi.
operatoris gadaadgilebis dros aseTi paneliT, mag avtomaturi xazis
gaswvriv, paneli avtomaturad gadairTveba wvdomis erTi wertilidan
meore wertilze.
integrirebuli sistemis struqtura, ris rekomendaciasac firma
Siemens-i iZleva, riTac iqmneba kompleqsuri avtomatizaciis amocanebis
gadawyvetilebebis universaluri platforma samrewvelo warmoebis

119
sxvadasxva dargSi gamoyenebisaTvis da riTac miiRweva yvela saxis
samrewvelo procesebis marTvis ekonomiuri, farTomasStabiani
integracia warmoebis marTvis erTian sistemaSi (ix. nax. 6.13).

nax. 6.13. integrirebuli marTvis sistmis magaliTi SIMATIC NET

SCALANCE X სერიის საkomunikaciო komponentebis gamoyenebiT

120
 marTvis ierarxiis zemoTa sarTulze warmodgenilia operatorebis
sadgurebi (OS). es fanjrebi da Sluzebia procesebSi. isini mTeli
teqnologiuri procesis safexurebis. dakvirebisa da marTvis
SesaZleblobas iZlevian. operatoris sadgurebi OS (Operator Station)
warmoadgenen personalur kompiuterebs. klient-serveruli arqiteqturis
CarCoebSi isini asruleben monacemTa gacvlas serverTan da ara pirdapir
kontrolerTan. amasTan operatorebis sadgurebi SeiZleba iyos
ramodenime aTeuli.
SIMATIC IT – maRalintegrirebuli komponentebis jgufia, romlebic
damuSavebulia sistemebis koordinaciisaTvis nebismier sawarmoSi,
warmoebis standartizaciisa da samrewvelo procesebis SenaxvisaTvis
mTeli sawarmos masStabiT. isini CaSenebulia SIMATIC PSC 7 mwkrivSi
(sruli dasaxelebaa: SIMENS SIMATIC Process Control System 7). Ees programebis
nakrebia teqnologiuri procesebis marTvis avtomatizirebuli sistemebis
SeqmnisaTvis, romlebic pasuxoben “srulad integrirebuli
avtomatizaciis” koncefcias (inglisurad: Totally Integrated Automation),
romelic damuSavebulia da inergeba SIEMENS kompaniis mier.
SIMATIC Batch uzrunvelyofs angariSebis Seqmnas (kerZoT, ramdenime
winaswar gansazRvrul paketur angariSebs) da aseve audituri angariSisa
eleqtronuli xelmoweris srul marTvas.
xSirad sistemaSi gamoyofilia inJinruli sadguri ES (Engining
Station). Mmaszed dayenebulia damuSavebis programuli saSualebebi,
romelTa daxmarebiTac teqnikur specialists SeuZlia centralizebulad
Seitanos cvlilebebi da damatebebi qselis konfiguraciaSi. xSirad ES –
ss amzadeben sistemis mdgomareobis diagnostikis gafarToebuli
saSualebebiT.
mtyunebaTa mimarT maRali medegoba miiRweva sistemis aparaturuli
da programuli komponentebis rezervirebis gziT (rogorc wesi
dublirebiT), mometebuli saimedoobis mqone komponentebis gamoyenebiT,
diagnostikis ganviTarebuli saSualebebis danergviT. 6. 13-ze

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warmodgenili aris ori darezervirebuli rgoli: terminalebis qseli
gamtarul kabelze da qseli saqarxno doneze optikurboCkovani kabelis
gamoyenebiT.
qveda doneze imyofebian programerebadi logikuri kontrolerebi-
pirobiTad Tu vityviT – sistemis tvinebi. maTi amocanaa –
Seyvana/gamoyvanis qvesistemidan mowodebuli informaciis damuSaveba da
ukan mmarTveli zemoqmedebis gacema. es damuSaveba xorcieldeba masSi
Cadebuli marTvis algoriTmis Sesabamisad da meordeba ciklurad. Ufro
rtuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad kontrolerebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTs
Soris informaciis gadacvla, risTvisac gamoiyeneben cifrul
sakomunikacio qselebs.
ganawilebul periferiasTan kavSirisaTvis (ganawilebuli
Seyvana/gamoyvanis sadgurebTan ET 200S, ET 200M da sx.) gamoiteneba velis
donis samrewvelo qselebi PROFIBUS).
“ganawilebuli periferiis” TviTon saxelwodebidan TvalnaTelia,
rom msgavma sistemebma SeiZleba moicvan mravali teritoriulad
gafantuli obieqtebi. sinamdvileSi manZilma teqnologiur danadgarebs
Soris, romlebic gaerTianebulia marTvis erTian sistemaSi SeiZleba
miaRwios ramdenime kilometrsac ki. sistemis mier SeiZleba dafarul
iyos didi farTobebi, amasTan SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc
spilenZis marTulebi aseve optikurboCkovani gamtarebi. Cifrul qsels
SeuZlia gaaerTianos sistemis mocilebuli komponentebi erTian
programul-aparatul kompleqsSi.
qveda doneze, Seyvana/gamoyvanis doneze ganalageben velis
xelsawyoebs (gadamwodebi, sensorebi, Semsrulebeli mowyobilobebi),
romlebic eleqtruli kabelebis daxmartebiT miuerTdebian
Seyvana/gamoyvanis sadgurebs.

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 6.6. Industrial Eternet qselis Seswavlis laboratoriuli
stendis varianti N
Nnax. 6.14 –ze warmodgenilia laboratoruli qselis struqtura
Seswavlisa da gamokvlevebisaTvis.
stendSi warmodgenilia Industrial Ethernet qselis ZiriTadi
komponentebi. Ees qseli marTvis ierarqiis zeda donea da amitom aq
gaTvaliswinebulia sadeniani kavSiri sakomunikacioo procesoris CP343-1
gavliT PROFIBUS-PA qselTan da usadeno kavSiri IWLAN modulis gavliT
AS-Interfase-is qselTan.
stendze gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc sadeniani (xveuli wyvili) ise
optikuri kavSirebis arxebi (plastikur anda minis optikurboCkovani)
kabelebis daxmarebiT.
stendze realizebulia sami rezervirebuli rgoluri segmenti.
Ppirveli maTgani Seicavs sam optikur komutirebul (gadamrTvelur)
moduls OSM TR22, romlebsac aqvT optikuri da eleqtruli portebi.
principSi aseT rgolSi SeiZleba CarTul iyos 50-mde OSM moduli.
optikurboCkuri kabelis saerTo sigrZe or moduls Soris Seadgens 3 km-
s da 50 OSM modulisagan Seqmnilma rgolma SeiZleba Seadginos 150 km.
Mxolod erTma mowyobilobam rgolidan SeiZleba miiRos monawileoba
rezervirebis marTvaSi.
Semdegi segmenti TavisTavSi Seicavs sam optikuri kavSiris moduls.
moduli X20-4-2 (marTuli komutatori) uzrunvelyofs kavSirs X104-2
tipis or umarTav komutatorTan. principSi gadacemis maqsimaluri
siSore (segmentis sigrZe) SuSis optikurboCkuri kabeliT Seadgens 3 km.
CarTuli modulebis raodenoba SeizRudeba paketuri monacemebis
gavrcelebis dasaSvebi droiT.
mesame segmenti TavisTavSi Seicavs ESM TR40 tipis sam eleqtrul
komutators. es rgoli uSualod dakavSirebulia Simatic S7-300
programirebad kontrolerTan, romelic iRebs mmarTvel brZanebebs (maTi
imitacia swarmoebs tumblerebiT) avtomatizaciis obieqtisagan da

123
nax. 4.7. laboratoriuli stendis struturuli sqema

124
gamoscems informacias Suqdiodis CarTvis/gamorTvis Sesaxeb, rac
uCvenebs informacias avtomatizaciis obieqtis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv es
avtomatizaciis obieqti SeiZleba mierTebul iyos Industrial Ethernet,
PROFIBUS-DP an AS-Interfase-is qselebis modulebTan. principSi gadacemis
maqsimaluri siSore (segmentis sigrZe) eleqtruli kabeliT Seadgens 5 km-
s. CasarTveli modulebis raodenoba SeizRudeba paketuri monacemebis
gavrcelebis droiT.
laboratoriul stendSi CarTulia serveri serveruli programuli
uzrunvelyofiT informaciis Segrovebisa da SenaxvisaTvis. igi
noutbukia STEP7 V5.4 programuli uzrunvelyofiT, riTac xdeba qselis
konfigurireba, kontrolerisa da TR 177B tipis operatoris panelis
programireba (sensoruli monitori).

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 Tavi VII – PROFINET standarti
Eternet qseli aris sayovelTaod aRiarebuli lideri komunikaciuri
teqnologiebis areSi. mas gaaCnia gatarebis maRali SesaZlebloba, ara
aqvs SezRudvebi misaerTebel sadgurTa raodenobaze, gamoiyeneba
rogorc saofise ise samrewvelo pirobebSi samuSaod da gaaCnia mravali
sxva upiratesobebi. miuxedavad amisa Eternet qsels aqvs mniSvnelovani
xarvezi-Setyobinebebis determinirebuli (kanonzomieri) gadagzavnis dro,
rac zRudavs am qselis gamoyenebis sferoebs avtomatizaciis sistemebSi
monacemTa gacvlis organizirebisaTvis.
axali Ria komunikaciuri standartSi PROFINET (IEC 61158)
Tavidanaa acilebuli es xarvezebi, da mniSvnelovnadaa gafarTovebuli
monacemTa gacvlis funqcionaluri SesaZleblobani Eternet-is
gamoyenebisas avtomatizaciis sistemebSi.
Eternet qseli orientirebulia monacemTa farTo gacvlisTvis
warmoebis marTvis yvela ierarqiul dones Soris. igi mniSvnelovnad
amartivebs samrewvelo kavSirebis sistemebis proeqtirebas, avrcelebs IT
(sainformacio teqnologiebi) standartebs marTvis savele doneze,
SesaZleblobas iZleva gamoyenebul iqnas arsebuli kavSirebis arxebi da
Eternet qseluri komponenti, aseve damatebul iqnas am qselebze
specializirebuli komponentebi. PROFINET uzrunvelyofs monacemTa
gacvlis yvela saxis arsebuli standartuli meqanizmebis mxardaWeras
Eternet-is gavliT avtomatizirebul sistemebs Soris monacemTa
gacvlasTan erTad paralelurad drois realur reJimSi.
PROFINET-is daxmarebiT SeiZleba Seqmnil iqnas ganawilebuli
Seyvana/gamoyvanis sistemebi, sadac savele donis xelsawyoebi miuerTdeba
pirdapir Industrial Eternet qsels da romelTa momsaxureba moxdeba
Seyvana/gamoyvanis PROFINET-is kontroleriT. aseTi sistemis awyoba xdeba
STEP 7 garemodan. mxardaWerilia agreTve savele donis arsebuli
aparaturis Semdgomi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba mag. PROFIBUS-is

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aparaturisa. PROFINET-i warmoadgens standarts yvela saxis gamoyenebiTi
xasiaTis areebis avtomatizaciaSi. P PROFIBUS-is qselebTan integraciis
xarjze igi vrceldeba agreTve afeTqebasaSiS da xanZarsaSiS zonebSi
ganTavsebuli aparaturis avtomatizaciaze.
kavSirebis arxi da qselis topologia
PROFINET qselSi avtomatzaciis sistemebs Soris monacemTa gacvlis
organizebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas Eternet-is eleqtruli
(xveuli wyvilebi), optikuri da ugamtaro kavSirebis arxebi. imisgan
damokidebulebiT, Tu ra saxis arxebia gamoyenebuli qselis agebisaTvis
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas qseluri komponentebis sxvadasxva anawyobebi.
uzrunvelyofilia Industrial Eternet qselisTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela saxis
topologiis mxardaWera:Lxazovani, wriuli, xismagvari.
qseluri komponentebi
PROFINET qselis agebisaTvis SIEMENS-is koncerni gvTavazobs
aqtiuri da pasiuri qseluri komponentebis farTo gammas, agreTve
sakomunikacio programul uzrunvelyofas da damuSavebis
instrumentalur saSualebebs. Tavis mxriv PROFINET qselis komponentebis
umetesoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas Industrial Eternet qselSi samuSaod.
qseluri pasiuri komponentebi
PROFINET qselis pasiuri komponentabi Seicaven Tavis
SemadgenlobaSi eleqtrul (xveuli wyvili 2x2) da optikur kabelebs,
agreTve sxvadasxva daniSnulebis SemaerTebel mowyobilobebs,
eleqtruli pasiuri elementebis umravlesobisaTvis mxardaWerilia
FastConect teqnologia, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva Sesruldes qselis
swrafi da uSecdomo montaJi. yvela SemaerTebeli mowyobiloba
Sesrulebulia PROFINET standartis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
qseluri aqtiuri komponentebi
PROFINET qselis aqtiuri komponentebi warmodgenilia SCALANCE
X200/X200IRT/X300/X400 komutatorebis farTo speqteriT. SCALANCE X
seriis modulebi iZleva Industrial Ethernet/PROFINET xazuri,

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varskvlavismagvari da wriuli qselebis konfigurirebis
SesaZleblobas da monacemTa gadacemisaTvis SeuZliaT gamoiyenon
optikuri da eleqtruli kavSirebis arxebi. isini agreTve mxars uWeren
komutirebuli qselebis teqnologias, iZlevian komutirebuli qselebis
teqnologiebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, monacemTa gacvlis
SesaZleblobas realur droSi, maT ricxvSi taqturi sinqronizaciiT.
teqnologiuri komponentebi
PROFINET-isTvis teqnologiuri komponentebi warmodgenilia EERTEC
200 da 400 sapecializirebuli mikrosqemebiT, agreTve damuSavebis
kompleqtebiT, rac SesaZleblobas aZlevs sxvadasxva firmis
specialistebs Seasrulon PROFINET qselSi muSaobisaTvis gankuTvnili
sakuTari marTvis aparaturis interfeisuli nawilis proeqtireba,
maketireba da gawyoba.
PROFINET-is safuZvelze arsebuli gadawyvetilebebi
dReisaTvis mkveTrad gamoxatulia PROFINET qselebis gamoyenebis
ori mimarTuleba:
- (PROFINET IO) ganawilebuli Seyvana/gamoyvanis sistemis ageba;
- PROFINET CBA (Component Based Automation) ganawilebuli inteleqtis
mqone marTvis moduluri sistemis ageba.
PROFINET IO
PROFINET IO sistemebSi savele donis xelsawyoebi uerTdebian
uSualod Industrial Ethernet qsels da moimsaxurebian PROFINET Seyvana-
gamoyvanis kontroleriT. monacemTa Cqarosnuli gacvlas aqvs cikluri
xasiaTi da sruldeba 100mbt/w siCqareze.
gamoyenebuli komponentebisagan damokidebulebiT aseT qselSi
uzrunvelyofilia monacemTa gacvla drois realur masStabSi (Teal Time-
RT) da (Isochronous RT-IER)-is taqturi sinxronizaciis gamoyeneba (Isochronous
RT-IER). amasTan RT reJimis mxardaWerisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
SCALANCE X100/X200/X300/X400 komutatorebis ojaxi, IER reJimis

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mxardaWerisaTvis ki SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas mxolod SCALANCE X200
IRT /XF200 IRT komutatorebis ojaxi.
mxardaWerilia PROFIBUS DP-s integraciis SesaZlebloba P PROFINET
IO sistemaSi. amasTan wamyvani mowyobiloba miuerTdeba PROFINET qsels
da amyarebs kavSirs mimdevn PROFIBUS DP mowyobilobebTan PROFINET
Proxsi-s gavliT.
inglisuri sityva Proxsi-s mravalricxovani mniSvnelobisa am
konteqstSi marTebulia iseTebi rogoricaa: “ndobiT aRWurvili piri”,
“sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli”. Aanu, vinme is, romelic moqmedebs
Tqveni saxeliT tqvens magivrad Tqveni TanxmobiTa da davalebiT. Mmag.
kompiuterebSi proqsi – es programaa, romelic gadascevs Tqveni
programebis moTxovnebs (brauzerebis an sxvebis) internetSi, iRebs
pasuxebs, da gadascems maT ukan. aucilebloba aseT programaze
warmoiSveba, maSin rodesac momxmareblis kompiuters ar SeuZlia
uSualod imuSaos internetTan pirdapir, imitom rom mas ara aqvs
pirdapiri SeeTrTeba internetTan (modemiT mag.), magram aqvs sxva
kompiuters mis qselSi.N maSin am sxva komiuterze ayeneben programa
proqsis, xolo yvela sxva kompiuters am lokalur qselSi awyoben ise,
rom muSaoba xdebodes proqsis gavliT. Ees niSnavs, rom lokaluri
qselis yvela momxmarebels SeuZlia miiRos srulyofili xelwvdoma
internetSi, Tu ki Tundac erT maTgans es xelwvdoma ukve aqvs. PROFINET
IO sistemis konfigurireba xdeba STEP 7 garemoSi da arafriT ar
gansxvavdeba msgavsi operaciebisgan PROFIBUS DP-qselebis msgavsi
operaciebisgan.
Seyvana-gamoyvanis PROFINET kontrolerebis funqciebi SeuZliaT
Seasrulon:
- S7-300 programirebadma logikurma kontrolerebma centraluri
procesorebiT CPU 31x-2PN/DP an CPU31xF-2 PN/DP. TviToeuli
procesori aRWurvilia CaSenebuli kombinirebuli interfeisiT
MPI/DP, agreTve CaSenebuli interfeisiT Industrial Ethernet/PROFINET.

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 - ET200S sadgurebma IM151-8PN CPU interfeisuli moduliT da ET200Pro
sadgurebma IM154-8PN CPU interfeisuli moduliT;
- S7-300 programirebadma logikurma kontrolerebma komunikaciuri
procesorebiT CPU 343-1 an CPU343-1 Advansd;
- S7-400 programirebadma logikurma kontrolerebma centraluri
procesorebiT CPU 41x-3PN/DP an CPU416F-3 PN/DP. TviToeuli
procesori aRWurvilia CaSenebuli kombinirebuli interfeisiT
MPI/DP, interfeisiT DP agreTve CaSenebuli interfeisiT Industrial
Ethernet/PROFINET;
- S7-300 programirebadma logikurma kontrolerebma komunikaciuri
procesorebiT CPU 443-1 an CPU443-1 Advansd;
- samrewvelo da saofise kompiuterebma CP1616 komunikaciuri
procesorebiTa da SIMATIC MicriBox PC427B PC104 PSeTavsebadi
kompiuterebiT, CP1604 komunikaciuri procesorebiT;
- samrewvelo da saofise kompiuterebma standartuli qseluri
adapterebiTa da SOFTNET PN IO programuli uzrunvelyofiT.
Mmimdevn mowyobilobebad PROFINET IO sistemebSi SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnas:
- S7-300 sadguri CP343-1 Lean, CP343-1 an CP343-1 Advanced modulebTan
EerTad;
- ET200M sadguri IM153-4PN interfeisul modulTan erTad;
- ET200S sadguri IM151-3PN interfeisul modulTan erTad;
- ET200pro sadguri IM154-4PN HF interfeisul modulTan erTad;
- 2D kodebis vizualizaciis analizis gadamwodebi SIMATIC VS 130-2.
- PROFIBUS DP-mimdevni mowyobilobebi, romlebic miuerTdebian
PROFINET-s PROFINET Proxy-s gavliT;
- kompiuterebi CP 1616/1604 komunikaciur procesorebTan erTad.
PROFIBUS DP-s safuZvelze arsebuli sistemebis integraciisaTvis
PROFINET sistemebSi gamoiyeneba PROFINET IO Proxy da specialuri
SemTanxmebeli modulebi.

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 PROFINET IO Proxy-s funqciebi SeuZliaT Seasrulon:
- S7-300 programirebadma logikurma kontrolerebma
centraluri procesorebiT CPUI31x-2 PN/DP, CPU 31xF-2 PN/DP;
- komunikaciurma modulebma IE/PB Link PN IO;
- komunikaciurma modulebma IWLAN/RB Link PN IO.
A aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi PROFINET IO sistemebs SeiZleba daematos
Basic Line seriis TP 177B DP/PN MP377, OP 177B DP/PN 177/277 DP/Pn da OP/TP/Mp
277 Mobile Panel, MP377 tipis operatoris panelebi, romlebic aRWurvilia
CaSenebuli interfeisiT PROFINET.
magaliTis saxiT nax. 7.1-ze warmodgenilia savele donis
komponentebis mierTeba, iseTebis, rogoricaa ET 200S, ET 200MN, SIMATIC
S7-300 programirebadi kontroleris, interfeisuli modulis RF170C RFID
(romlis daniSnulebaa Siemens firmis RFID “Radio Frequency Identification
radiosixSiruli identifikacia” sistemebis mierTeba decentralizebuli
periferiis sistemasTan ET 200pro) da PROFIBUS, da AS-Interface qselebisa
Industrial Ethernet/PROFINET qselTan.

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 nax. 7.1. savele donis xelsawyoebis mierTeba PROFINET/Industrial Ethernet
qselTan

P PROFINET CBA
CBA teqnologia mowodebulia gaamartivos samrewvelo kavSirebi P
PROFINET-is gavliT sxvadasxva mwaroeblebis aparaturas Soris. amasTan
erTad kavSiris sistemis Sromatevadi prograqmireba icvleba aseTi
sistemebis grafikuli programirebis operaciebiT.
ZiriTad samrewvelo erTeulad CBA sistemaSi aris teqnologiuri
komponenti, romelic warmoadgens konkretuli manqanis anda danadgaris

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meqanikuri, eleqtruli da eleqtronuli nawilebis erTianobas, agreTve
Sesabamisi gamoyenebiTi programuli uzrunvelyofa.
TviToeul teqnologiur komponents urCeven SesabamisobaSi
Sesabamis programul moduls, romelic Seicavs am elementis
interfeisis srul aRweras PROFINET-standartis moTxovnilebebTan
SesabamisobaSi. SemdgomSi es programuli modulebi gamoiyeneba
komunikaciuri SeerTebebis proeqtirebisaTvis.

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