Week4HW2 2
Week4HW2 2
Week4HW2 2
Section
2.2,
page
64
#
3,
4,
6,
8,
9,
11,
13
3.
Prove
(2),
|
y
–
x
|
≤
y
–
x
where
x,
y
∈
X,
a
normed
space.
Proof:
x
=
x
–
y
+
y
≤
x
–
y
+
y
.
y
=
y
–
x
+
x
≤
y
–
x
+
x
.
Thus,
|
x
–
y
|
≤
x
–
y
.
4.
(a)
Show
that
we
may
replace
(N2),
x
=
0
⇔
x
=
0,
by
x
=
0
⇒
x
=
0
without
altering
the
concept
of
a
norm.
(b)
Show
that
nonegativity
of
a
norm
also
follows
from
(N3)
and
(N4).
Proof:
(a)
If
x
=
Θ,
then
x
=
0x.
So
then
x
=
0x
=
|0|
x
=
0,
hence
x
=
Θ
⇒
x
=
0.
Thus
the
reverse
implication
of
(N2)
follows
from
(N3).
(b)
0
=
x
–
x
=
x
+
x
–
x
–
x
≤
x
+
x
+
x
–
x
=
2
x
⇒
0
≤
x
.
So
then
x
≥
0
follows
from
(N4).
6.
Let
X
be
the
vector
space
of
all
ordered
pairs
x
=
(ξ1,
ξ2),
y
=
(η1,
η2),
...
of
real
numbers.
Show
that
norms
of
X
are
defined
by
(a)
x1
=
|ξ1|
+
|ξ2|
(b)
x2
=
(ξ12
+
ξ22)1/2
(c)
x∞
=
max
{|ξ1|,
|ξ2|}
Proof:
(a)
(N1)
x1
=
|ξ1|
+
|ξ2|
≥
0
is
evident.
(N2)
|ξ1|
+
|ξ2|
=
0
⇒
|ξ1|
=
0
=
|ξ2|.
So
then
x
=
(0,
0)
=
Θ.
(N3)
Let
α
∈
K.
Then
αx1
=
|αξ1|
+
|αξ2|
=
|α||ξ1|
+
|α||ξ2|
=|α|(|ξ1|
+
|ξ2|
)
=
|α|x1.
(N4)
Let
x,
y
∈
X.
Then
x
+
y1
=
|ξ1
+
η1|
+
|ξ2
+
η2|
≤
|ξ1
|
+
|
ξ2|
+
|
η1
|+
|
η2|
=
x1
+
y1.
(b)
(N1)
x2
=
(ξ12
+
ξ22)1/2≥
0
is
evident.
(N2)
(ξ12
+
ξ22)1/2
=
0
⇒
ξ12
=
0
=
ξ22.
So
then
ξ1
=
0
=
ξ2,
hence
x
=
(0,
0)
=
Θ.
(N3)
Let
α
∈
K.
Then
αx2
=
((αξ1)2
+
(αξ2)2)1/2
=
(α2
(ξ12
+
ξ22))1/2
=
|α|(ξ12
+
ξ22)1/2
=
|α|x2.
(N4)
Let
x,
y
∈
X.
Then,
since
Minkowski
gives
us
that
1/ p 1/ p 1/ p
⎛ n p ⎞
⎛ n p ⎞
⎛ n p ⎞
⎜∑ x i + y i ⎟ ≤ ⎜∑ x i ⎟ + ⎜∑ y i ⎟ ,
then
for
p
=
2,
we
have
⎝ i=1 ⎠ ⎝ i=1 ⎠ ⎝ i=1 ⎠
x
+
y2
=
[(ξ1
+
η1)2
+
(ξ2+
η2)2]1/2
≤
(ξ12
+
ξ22)1/2
+
(η12
+
η22)1/2
=
x2
+
y2.
€ € €
Week
4
Homework,
Section
2.2
Assigned
9/20/11