GW 3-Well Hydraulics-2

Subject: HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
MUET Section: Groundwater Hydrology
Presentation #: 03 (1 hr)
 Interference among the wells: Multiple Well System

 Partially Penetrating Artesian Wells
 Spherical Flow Towards a Well
 Combined Artesian Gravity Well
 Specific Capacity
IN ST R U C TOR: PR O F. D R . A SH FA Q U E A . MEMO N
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

Interference among the wells: Multiple Well System
When drawdown curve of neighboring wells intersect each other: Total discharge increases but
discharge of individual wells decrease
h h
For two wells distance B apart, applying method of complex variables, Q1  Q2  2KH o 2 w
lnro rw B 
ho  hw ro2 ro
For a single well Q  2KH ; Since, ro  B,  ; Hence Q > Q1
lnro rw  rw B rw
2
Example
Two tube wells, each of 20 cm diameter are spaced at 100 m distance. Both the
wells penetrate fully a confined aquifer of 12 m thickness. Taking radius of
circle of influence for each well equal to 250 m, and coefficient of permeability
of the aquifer as 60 m/day, calculate:
(i) discharge if only one well is discharging under a depression head of 3 m; and
sw
Q  2KH
lnR rw 
(ii) percentage decrease in discharge of the well if both the wells are
discharging under depression head of 3 m.
sw
Q1  Q2  2KH
lnro2 rw B 
Q - Q1 (or Q 2 )
% decrease in discharge  100
Q
3
Partially Penetrating Artesian Wells
For a fully penetrating Artesian Aquifer, we
have the relationship
2kbH  h 
Q
lnR rw 
But the discharge for a partially penetrating

artesian well is given as
2kbH  h 
Qp  .G
lnR rw 
or Q p  Q .G
b1  rw  b1 
where G  1  7 . cos 
b 2b1  2b 
G = Correction factor for partial penetration
and is estimated by Konzy formula.
4
Spherical Flow Towards a Well
For a fully penetrating artesian well, we have
the relationship
2kbH  h 
Q
lnR rw 
But when a well just touches the top surface of
an artesian aquifer, the discharge can be
computed using the formula,
Qs  2krw H  h 
Now,
Qs 2krw H  h 

Q 2bk H  h 
lnR rw 
 lnR rw 
Qs rw

Q b
5
Combined Artesian Gravity Well
 When water level within an artesian well is lowered below top of aquifer,
the well is named as Combined Artesian Gravity Well.
 Flow pattern close to the well is similar to the gravity aquifer.
 At further distance flow pattern is similar to that of an artesian aquifer.
 Discharge formula for such a well was developed by Muskat, as given

below
k 2bH  b 2  h 2 
Q
lnR rw 
6
Specific Capacity of a Well
It is measure of the effectiveness of the well, and is defined as,
Specific capacity = Q / s
According to Jacob, for a confined aquifer
Drawdown = Aquifer loss + Well loss
i.e. s  B f Q  C f Qn
where
Bf = formation loss coefficient
Cf = entry loss coefficient
n = turbulence loss coefficient
Bf , Cf and n are called Well hydraulic parameters.
Hence, SpecificCapacity 
Q
B f Q  C f Qn
1
or SpecificCapacity 
B f  C f Q n 1
Specific capacity is not constant but is inversely proportional to

discharge.
7
Example
A gravity well has a diameter of 60 cm. Depth of water in the well is 40 m before start of pumping.
During pumping at the rate of 2000 lit/min, the drawdown in a well 10 m away is 4 m and in another
well 20 m away is 2 m. Radius of zero drawdown of the well is 41.6 m, drawdown in the well is 16.5 m
and coefficient of permeability of the soil is 4.3 m/day.
Determine: (i) Specific capacity of the well;
Specific capacity = Sc = Q / s ----- (1)
Since, Qs
and also Q  ro or we can write Q  C  ro ----- (2) where C is constant of proportionality

Q 2
Now from (2), for the given data C
  0.048
ro 41.6
Q Q
Using Eq. (2) again, we get ro   -------- (3)
C 0.048
For s = 1 m, from (1) we get Q = Sc
Sc
Putting Q = Sc in Eq. (3) we get, ro  --------- (4)
0.048
When s = 0 m, h = ho = 40 m but, for s =1 m, h = 39 m
ho2  h 2
Now substituting Eq.(4) and above values of ho and h in the expression Q  K
lnro r 
and solving by trial & error, we get Sc = 0.266 m3/min/m
8
(b) Also determine, maximum rate at which water can be pumped from the well.
Maximum drawdown will be obtained when, s = ho = 40 m
ho2  hmin
2
Now substituting Eq. (3), ho = 40 m and hmin = 0 m, in the expression Qmax  K
lnro rw 
and we get Qmax = 2.85 m3/min

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Subject: HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING

MUET Section: Groundwater Hydrology

 Interference among the wells: Multiple Well System

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

But the discharge for a partially penetrating

 Flow pattern close to the well is similar to the gravity aquifer.

 At further distance flow pattern is similar to that of an artesian aquifer.

 Discharge formula for such a well was developed by Muskat, as given

Specific capacity is not constant but is inversely proportional to

Specific capacity = Sc = Q / s ----- (1)

and also Q  ro or we can write Q  C  ro ----- (2) where C is constant of proportionality

Maximum drawdown will be obtained when, s = ho = 40 m

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