AN2466

Using Atmel-ICE for AVR® Programming In Mass

Production

Introduction
For mass production, it is recommended to use dedicated production programmers that are designed to
operate in production environments and which have software intended for volume production. The
®
application note “AT06015: Production Programming of Microchip AVR and SAM microcontrollers” lists
rd
3 party production programming tools for both Microchip AVR and SAM microcontrollers.
® ®
The Atmel-ICE is a powerful development tool for debugging and programming AVR and ARM Cortex -
M-based SAM microcontrollers. Though the Atmel-ICE is not intended for production programming, some
users choose to use it for small-scale production programming because it is very affordable, and because
it is already well known from the development phase of the product. To speed up the development of the
user's production programming tool, this application note gives a detailed introduction to the Atmel-ICE
setup, driver installation, user guide of the Atmel-Studio command line utility (atprogram.exe), and a PC
programming tool project written in C#. The Visual C# example project can be downloaded along with this
application note and run with the ATmega328PB Xplained Mini kit.

Features
• Atmel-ICE introduction
• “atprogram” utility user guide
• Example mass production programming tool development

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Table of Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................1

Features.......................................................................................................................... 1

1. Atmel-ICE Introduction.............................................................................................. 3
1.1. Atmel-ICE Features......................................................................................................................3
1.2. Atmel-ICE System Requirements.................................................................................................3
1.3. Atmel-ICE Kit Contents................................................................................................................ 4
1.4. Assemble Atmel-ICE.................................................................................................................... 4
1.5. Connecting to the Host Computer and USB Driver Installation....................................................6
1.6. Software Integration in Atmel Studio............................................................................................ 6

2. Atprogram Utility User Guide.....................................................................................7

2.1. Atprogram Application Usage.......................................................................................................7
2.2. Chiperase Command Usage........................................................................................................ 8
2.3. Program Command Usage...........................................................................................................9
2.4. Memory Writing Command Usage............................................................................................... 9

3. Program Software Example..................................................................................... 11

3.1. Prerequisites...............................................................................................................................11
3.2. Features..................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3. User Guide................................................................................................................................. 12
3.4. Source Overview........................................................................................................................ 15
3.4.1. Example Software Flow............................................................................................... 16
3.4.2. Atprogram Commands Calling Code Review.............................................................. 16

4. References.............................................................................................................. 18

5. Revision History.......................................................................................................19

The Microchip Web Site................................................................................................ 20

Customer Change Notification Service..........................................................................20

Customer Support......................................................................................................... 20

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature................................................................. 20

Legal Notice...................................................................................................................21

Trademarks................................................................................................................... 21

Quality Management System Certified by DNV.............................................................22

Worldwide Sales and Service........................................................................................23

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Atmel-ICE Introduction

1. Atmel-ICE Introduction
Atmel-ICE is a powerful developing and programming tool for the ARM Cortex-M-based SAM and AVR
microcontrollers. It supports:
®
• Programming (TPI) of all tinyAVR 8-bit microcontrollers with support for this interface
®
• Programming and on-chip debugging of all AVR XMEGA family devices on both JTAG and PDI 2-
wire interfaces
• Programming and on-chip debugging of all AVR UC3 microcontrollers on both JTAG and aWire
interfaces
• Programming (JTAG and SPI) and debugging of all AVR 8-bit microcontrollers on both JTAG and
debugWIRE interfaces
• Programming and debugging of all SAM ARM Cortex-M-based microcontrollers on both SWD and
JTAG interfaces

1.1 Atmel-ICE Features

• Fully compatible with Atmel Studio
• Supports programming and debugging of all AVR UC3 32-bit microcontrollers
• Supports programming and debugging of all AVR XMEGA 8-bit devices
®
• Supports programming and debugging of all megaAVR and tinyAVR 8-bit devices with OCD
• Supports programming and debugging of all SAM ARM Cortex-M-based microcontrollers
• Target operating voltage range of 1.62 to 5.5V
• Draws less than 3 mA from target VTref when using debugWIRE interface and less than 1 mA for
all other interfaces
• Supports JTAG clock frequencies from 32 kHz to 7.5 MHz
• Supports PDI clock frequencies from 32 kHz to 7.5 MHz
• Supports debugWIRE baud rates from 4 kbit/s to 0.5 Mbit/s
• Supports aWire baud rates from 7.5 kbit/s to 7 Mbit/s
• Supports SPI clock frequencies from 8 kHz to 5 MHz
• Supports SWD clock frequencies from 32 kHz to 10 MHz
• USB 2.0 high-speed host interface
• ITM serial trace capture up to 3 MB/s
• Supports DGI SPI and USART interfaces when not debugging or programming
• Supports 10-pin 50-mil JTAG connector with both AVR and Cortex pin-outs. The standard probe
cable supports AVR 6-pin ISP/PDI/TPI 100-mil headers as well as 10-pin 50-mil. An adapter is
available to support 6-pin 50-mil, 10-pin 100-mil, and 20-pin 100-mil headers. Several kit options
are available with different cabling and adapters.

1.2 Atmel-ICE System Requirements

The Atmel-ICE unit requires that the front-end debugging environment Atmel Studio version 6.2 or later is
installed on your computer and needs to connect to the host computer using the USB cable provided, or a
certified Micro-USB cable.

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Atmel-ICE Introduction

1.3 Atmel-ICE Kit Contents

The Atmel-ICE full kit contains these items (also shown in the figure below):
• One Atmel-ICE unit
• One USB cable (1.8m, high-speed, Micro-B)
• One adapter board containing 50-mil AVR, 100-mil AVR/SAM, and 100-mil 20-pin SAM adapters
• One IDC flat cable with 10-pin 50-mil connector and 6-pin 100-mil connector
• One 50-mil 10-pin mini squid cable with 10 x 100-mil sockets
Figure 1-1. Atmel-ICE Full Kit Contents

1.4 Assemble Atmel-ICE

There are two kinds of cables, which can be used to connect the Atmel-ICE kit to AVR or SAM chip
programming interface pins, as shown in the figure below, provided in the full kit:
• One 50-mil 10-pin IDC flat cable with 6-pin ISP and 10-pin connectors
• One 50-mil 10-pin mini squid cable with 10 x 100-mil sockets
Figure 1-2. Atmel-ICE Cables

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Atmel-ICE Introduction

For most purposes, the 50-mil 10-pin IDC flat cable can be used, connecting either natively to its 10-pin
or 6-pin connectors, or connecting via the adapter board, as shown in the figure below. Three adapters
are provided on one small PCBA. The following adapters are included:
• One 100-mil 10-pin JTAG/SWD adapter
• One 100-mil 20-pin SAM JTAG/SWD adapter
• One 50-mil 6-pin SPI/debugWIRE/PDI/aWire adapter
Figure 1-3. Atmel-ICE Adapter

To assemble your Atmel-ICE into its default configuration, connect the 10-pin 50-mil IDC cable to the unit,
as shown in the figures below. Be sure to orient the cable so that the red wire (pin 1) on the cable aligns
with the triangular indicator on the blue belt of the enclosure. The cable should connect upwards from the
unit. Be sure to connect to the port corresponding to the pinout of your target, AVR or SAM.
Figure 1-4. Atmel-ICE AVR Probe Connection

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Atmel-ICE Introduction

Figure 1-5. Atmel-ICE SAM Probe Connection

1.5 Connecting to the Host Computer and USB Driver Installation

The Atmel-ICE communicates primarily using a standard HID interface and does not require a special
driver on the host computer. To use the advanced Data Gateway functionality of the Atmel-ICE, be sure to
install the USB driver on the host computer. This is automatically done when installing the front-end
software, which is provided free by Microchip. See http://www.microchip.com/ for further information and
to download the latest front-end software.
The Atmel-ICE must be connected to an available USB port on the host computer by using the USB cable
provided, or a suitable and certified Micro-USB cable. The Atmel-ICE contains a USB 2.0 compliant
controller and can operate in both full-speed and high-speed modes. For best results, connect the Atmel-
ICE directly to a USB 2.0 compliant high-speed hub on the host computer using the cable provided.
The Atmel-ICE is powered by the USB bus voltage. It requires less than 100 mA to operate, and can,
therefore, be powered by a USB hub. The power LED will illuminate when the unit is plugged in. When
not connected in an active programming or debugging session, the unit will enter low-power consumption
mode to preserve your computer's battery. The Atmel-ICE cannot be powered down. It should be
unplugged when not in use.

1.6 Software Integration in Atmel Studio

Atmel Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for programming and debugging AVR and
®
SAM applications with JTAG, aWire, SPI, PDI, TPI, and SWD interface selected in Windows
environments.
For AVR or SAM devices programmed with Atmel-ICE, use the "Device programming" option integrated in
the Atmel Studio IDE or the command line utility called atprogram provided by Atmel Studio. During the
Atmel Studio installation a shortcut called Atmel Studio 7.0 (version number depending on the specific
Atmel Studio version installed) Command Prompt was created in the Atmel folder on the Start menu. By
double clicking this shortcut a command prompt will be opened and programming commands can be
entered. The command line utility is installed in the Atmel Studio installation path in the folder Atmel/
Atmel Studio 7.0/atbackend.

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Atprogram Utility User Guide

2. Atprogram Utility User Guide

During the Atmel Studio installation, a shortcut called Atmel Studio xx (xx is the Atmel Studio version
number) Command Prompt is created in the Atmel folder on the Start menu, as shown in the figure below.
The users can run the atprogram.exe directly by clicking the shortcut or calling the atprogram from other
applications to perform the device programming function, but unfortunately, we haven't a standalone
installer for the "atprogram.exe" and the users must, therefore, install Atmel Studio first before using it.

With atprogram.exe, it can be used to:

• Program a .bin, .hex, or .elf file to the device
• Verify that programming was correct
• Read, write, and erase the device memories
• Program fuses, lock bits, security bits, user page, and user signature
• Program a production file to a device
• List out all connected tools
• Set interface and interface clock speed
In the later sections, the command usage of the atprogram utility is introduced, including commands of
chip erasing, image file programming, and fuse lockbit set. To know more about atprogram utility, type the
command: atprogram --help.

2.1 Atprogram Application Usage

For atprogram application usage, refer to the following description:
Usage: atprogram [options] <command> [arguments] [<command> [arguments] ...]
Options:
• -t --tool <arg>: Tool name: Atmel-ICE, AVR Dragon, AVR ISP mkII, AVR ONE, JTAG ICE3, JTAG
™
ICE mkII, QT600, STK500, STK600, SAM-ICE , EDBG, MEDBG, Power Debugger, Mega DFU or
FLIP.
• -s --serialnumber <arg>: The programmer/debugger serial number. Must be specified when more
than one debugger is connected.
• -i --interface <arg>: Physical interface: aWire, DebugWIRE, HVPP, HVSP, ISP, JTAG, PDI, UPDI,
TPI, or SWD.
• -d --device <arg>: Device name. E.g. ATxmega128A1 or AT32UC3A0256.
• -l --logfile <arg>: Log file for atpbackend output.

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Atprogram Utility User Guide

• -f --force: Force command even if the firmware is not up to date.

• -cl --clock <arg>: The frequency to use for communication with a device (Hz, kHz, MHz, default Hz).
E.g. -cl 10 MHz.
• -mb --max-baudrate <arg>: The maximum baud rate for communication on aWire (bps).
• -xr --external reset: Apply external reset when starting a session.
• -tv --target-voltage <arg>: Set the STK600, STK500, or Power debugger target voltage (float value).
• -a0 --aref0 <arg>: Set the STK600 AREF0 or STK500 AREF generator voltage (float value).
• -a1 --aref1 <arg>: Set the STK600 Aref1 generator voltage (float value).
• -cg --clock-generator <arg>: Set the STK600 or STK500 clock generator frequency (Hz, kHz, MHz,
default Hz); --timeout <arg>: Set the timeout value in seconds for commands. The default is 180
seconds. Set to 0 for no timeout.
• -? --help: Display help information.
• -V --version: Display version information.
Commands:
• calibrate: Performs the oscillator calibration procedure.
• chiperase: Full erase of chip.
• dwdisable: Disable DebugWIRE interface.
• erase: Erase the specified memory.
• help: Display help for a specific command.
• info: Display information about a device.
• program: Program device with data from <file>.
• read: Read the contents of the memory on the device.
• reset: Reset all domains and jump to the reset vector.
• secure: Set the security bit on UC3 and ARM devices.
• selftest: Performs the self-test procedure on Atmel-ICE.
• verify: Verify content of memory based on a file.
• write: Write to the memory with values entered on the command line.
Arguments or more command specific help:
• Use atprogram help <command> to get more command usage information.
Example:
• atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d ATmega328PB program -f file.elf
Program file.elf image to ATmega328PB flash with Atmel-ICE tool, ISP interface.
• atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d ATmega328PB chiperase
Full erase ATmega328PB chip with Atmel-ICE tool, ISP interface.

2.2 Chiperase Command Usage

Usage: atprogram [options] chiperase.
Information: Full erase of the chip.
Note:  Different behavior on different device architectures, see the data sheet for your architecture.
Options: Execute the atprogram without arguments to list available options.

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Atprogram Utility User Guide

Examples:
• atprogram -t samice -i jtag -d atsam3s4c chiperase
Perform chiperase on ATSAM3S4C.
• atprogram -t atmelice-i ISP -d atmega328pb chiperase
Perform chiperase on ATmega328PB.

2.3 Program Command Usage

Usage: atprogram [options] program <arguments>
Options: Execute the atprogram without arguments to list the available options.
Arguments:
-fl --flash: Program flash address space. tinyAVR, megaAVR, and AVR XMEGA only.
-ee --eeprom: Program EEPROM address space.
-us --usersignature: Program user signature.
-up --userpage: Program user page.
-fs --fuses: Program fuses.
-lb --lockbits: Program lockbits.
®
-f --file (file): File to be programmed. Intel .hex, .elf, or binary.
-o --offset (offset): Input file contents will be written to this offset. Default offset is 0. Only valid for binary
file format.
--format (format): Specify the file format. Supported input formats are 'elf', 'hex', and 'bin'.
-c --chiperase: Perform a chip erase before programming.
-e --erase: Erase only affected pages before programming. AVR UC3 and AVR XMEGA only. SAM
devices will always do this.
--verify: Verify memory after programming.
Examples:
• atprogram -t atmelice -i jtag -d atmega2560 program -c -fl -f source.elf
Perform chip erase and program only the segments of source.elf that maps to the flash.
• atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d atmega328pb program -f d:\GCCBoard1.hex --verify
Program firmware image file d:\GCCBoard1.hex to the ATmega328PB chip and verify after
programming.

2.4 Memory Writing Command Usage

Usage: atprogram [options] write <arguments>.
Information: Write to the memory with values entered on the command line. The values provided will be
written to all selected address spaces. At least one address space must be provided.
Options: Execute the atprogram without arguments to list the available options.
Arguments: -fl --flash: Write to flash. tinyAVR, megaAVR, and AVR XMEGA only.

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Atprogram Utility User Guide

-ee --eeprom: Write to EEPROM. tinyAVR, megaAVR, and AVR XMEGA only.
-us --usersignature: Write to user signature.
-fs --fuses: Write to fuses.
-lb --lockbits: Write to lockbits.
--values (value): Hex encoded values to write, e.g.: 0102040A0F.
-o --offset (offset): Values are written from this offset.
-v --verify: Verify memory contents after write.
Examples:
• atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d atmega328pb write -lb --values c0
Write value 0xc0 to ATmega328PB chip fuse lockbits.

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Program Software Example

3. Program Software Example

Together with this application note there is a .zip-file with a C# example project that shows how to
develop programming software based on the Atmel Studio command line utility "atprogram". The example
project source code can be downloaded along with this application note and run with the ATmega328PB
Xplained Mini kit.

3.1 Prerequisites
The programming tool example discussed in this document requires:
• Atmel Studio 7.0 or later
• The example AVR_massproduction_programming_tool_with_atmelice.zip file downloaded from the
Microchip website
®
• .Net framework 4, which can be downloaded from the Microsoft website
• Microsoft Visual C# 2010 Express or later
• 1 set of Atmel-ICE full kit
• 1 set of ATmega328PB Xplained Mini kit, as shown in the figure below
Figure 3-1. ATmega328PB Xplained Mini Kit

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Program Software Example

3.2 Features
• One button click to start the chiperase. The firmware image will then be programmed and verified,
and the fuse lock bit will automatically be written.
• Output programming result information - pass or fail
• Real-time display programming output information
• Image and atprogram.exe file path selection

3.3 User Guide

This application note provides an example ATmega328PB production programming software tool as
shown in the figure below. When the users click the "Program" button in the programming tool GUI
window, it will perform the device programming and output success or fail information after the
programming operation has finished. Once the programming is successful, LED0 will switch ON when the
users press the SW0 button of the ATmega328PB Xplained Mini Kit and OFF when the SW0 button is
released.
Figure 3-2. ATmega328PB Mass Production Programming Tool with Atmel-ICE

The detailed steps on how to use this tool are listed below:
• Step 1: Download the AVR_massproduction_programming_tool_with_atmelice.zip file from the
Microchip website and unzip it. After unzipping, it will have two folders; one is the
Mass_production_programming_tool and the other is atprogram_example_application_project. In
the mass_production_programming_tool directory, you will find the tool application and example
firmware image file Button_led.hex, which can run on the ATmega328PB Xplained Mini Kit. The
atprogram_example_application_project directory contains the source project developed with
Visual C# 2010 Express.

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Program Software Example

• Step 2: Connect the Atmel-ICE kit to the ISP programming port of the ATmega328PB Xplained Mini
Kit with a 6-pin 100-mil IDC flat cable as shown in the figure below.
Figure 3-3. ATmega328PB Xplained Mini Kit's ISP Connection with Atmel-ICE

• Step 3: Plug the Atmel-ICE kit's USB cable into the PC and launch the
mass_production_programming \Atprogram_application_example.exe application from the directory
where you unzip the AVR_massproduction_programming_tool_with_Atmelice.zip file.
• Step 4: Click the "Atprogram selection" button in the programming GUI window and choose the
Studio command line utility "atprogram.exe" file path. The atprogram.exe is located in the Atmel
Studio installation directory \atbackend.
• Step 5: Click the "FW file selection" button in the programming GUI window and choose the
"Button_Led.hex" file from the directory where you unzip the
AVR_massprodcution_programming_tool_with_Atmelice.zip file.
• Step 6: Click the "Program" button. The "programming" string in program_status textbox will show
up, as shown in the figure below.
Figure 3-4. ATmega328PB Chip In-programming Status Display

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Program Software Example

• Step 7: Once programming is finished, it will show either the "success" string, as shown in figure
ATmega328PB chip programming success info display, or the "fail" string, as shown in figure
ATmega328PB chip programming failure info display, in the program_status textbox. If device
programming fails, the users must first check the connection between Atmel-ICE and
ATmega328PB Xplained Mini Kit's ISP programming connector; secondly, the users must check the
ATmega328PB chip in the ISP programming mode because the kit programming mode may be
changed from default ISP mode to debugWire mode. For ATmega328PB chip programming mode
selection, refer to the AN42469: ATmega328PB Xplained Mini kit user guide.
Figure 3-5. ATmega328PB Chip Programming Success Info Display

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Program Software Example

Figure 3-6. ATmega328PB Chip Programming Failure Info Display

• Step 8: Verify if the example firmware image Button_led.hex is programmed successfully into the
ATmega328PB Xplained Mini kit. Once successfully programmed, LED0 will be ON when the SW0
mechanical button is pressed and OFF when the SW0 button is released.

3.4 Source Overview

To help the users to better understand the program software development, this chapter introduces
example software flow, atprogram commands calling code in example project file, and how to modify
them for the users’ own programming tool creation.

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Program Software Example

3.4.1 Example Software Flow

Figure 3-7. Example Programming Tool Software Flow

3.4.2 Atprogram Commands Calling Code Review

When clicking the "program" button of the example software GUI, the example software project will
execute the program_Click function in Form1.cs file. As shown below, in part of the program_Click
function source code there are three atprogram commands: chiperase, program, and write.

private void program_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
StreamReader reader;
.................

// Full erase of the chip

reader = RunProgram_atprogram("cmd.exe", "atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d atmega328pb
chiperase", textBox1.Text);
.................

// Program firmware image file assigned by text of textBox2 to flash and verify after
programming
reader = RunProgram_atprogram("cmd.exe", "atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d atmega328pb
program -f "+textBox2.Text+" --verify",textBox1.Text);
.................

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Program Software Example

// Writing fuse lock bits value-0xc0(The fuse lock bits value need refer to specific device
datasheet, 0xc0 just for ATmega328PB device )
reader = RunProgram_atprogram("cmd.exe", "atprogram -t atmelice -i ISP -d atmega328pb write -
lb --values c0 ", textBox1.Text);
.................

As the example software tool is developed for ATmega328PB device programming with ISP interface, the
user must replace the device name (ATmega328PB) and programming interface name (ISP) with those
on the user's platform. After modification and project rebuilding, a customized mass production
programming tool with Atmel-ICE will be generated.

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References

4. References
• ATmega328PB datasheet (http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/atmega328pb)
• ATmega328PB Xplained Mini kit (http://www.microchip.com/developmenttools/productdetails.aspx?
partno=atmega328pb-xmini)

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Revision History

5. Revision History
Doc. Rev. Date Comments
B 12/2017 Introduction updated to
recommend professional
production programmers than
Atmel-ICE.
A 07/2017 Initial document release.

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The Microchip Web Site

Microchip provides online support via our web site at http://www.microchip.com/. This web site is used as
a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite
Internet browser, the web site contains the following information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design
resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived
software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), technical support requests,
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representatives

Customer Change Notification Service

Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products.
Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata
related to a specified product family or development tool of interest.
To register, access the Microchip web site at http://www.microchip.com/. Under “Support”, click on
“Customer Change Notification” and follow the registration instructions.

Customer Support
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
• Distributor or Representative
• Local Sales Office
• Field Application Engineer (FAE)
• Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or Field Application Engineer (FAE) for support.
Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included
in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://www.microchip.com/support

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the
market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.
• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of
these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the
operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is
engaged in theft of intellectual property.
• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

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• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their
code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the
code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a
violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software
or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

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Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for
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Adjacent Key Suppression, AKS, Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Any Capacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, BodyCom,
chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, CryptoAuthentication, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, Dynamic Average Matching, DAM, ECAN, EtherGREEN, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Inter-Chip Connectivity, JitterBlocker, KleerNet, KleerNet logo, Mindi, MiWi,
motorBench, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, Omniscient
Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, PureSilicon, QMatrix, RightTouch logo, REAL
ICE, Ripple Blocker, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, SMART-I.S., SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Total
Endurance, TSHARC, USBCheck, VariSense, ViewSpan, WiperLock, Wireless DNA, and ZENA are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.
GestIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of
Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002466B-page 21

 AN2466

© 2017, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-5224-2476-5

Quality Management System Certified by DNV

ISO/TS 16949
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer
fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
® ®
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC MCUs and dsPIC
®
DSCs, KEELOQ code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development
systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002466B-page 22

 Worldwide Sales and Service

AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC ASIA/PACIFIC EUROPE

Corporate Office Australia - Sydney India - Bangalore Austria - Wels
2355 West Chandler Blvd. Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 Tel: 43-7242-2244-39
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 China - Beijing India - New Delhi Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
Tel: 480-792-7200 Tel: 86-10-8569-7000 Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Denmark - Copenhagen
Fax: 480-792-7277 China - Chengdu India - Pune Tel: 45-4450-2828
Technical Support: Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 Tel: 91-20-4121-0141 Fax: 45-4485-2829
http://www.microchip.com/ China - Chongqing Japan - Osaka Finland - Espoo
support Tel: 86-23-8980-9588 Tel: 81-6-6152-7160 Tel: 358-9-4520-820
Web Address: China - Dongguan Japan - Tokyo France - Paris
www.microchip.com Tel: 86-769-8702-9880 Tel: 81-3-6880- 3770 Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Atlanta China - Guangzhou Korea - Daegu Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Duluth, GA Tel: 86-20-8755-8029 Tel: 82-53-744-4301 Germany - Garching
Tel: 678-957-9614 China - Hangzhou Korea - Seoul Tel: 49-8931-9700
Fax: 678-957-1455 Tel: 86-571-8792-8115 Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Germany - Haan
Austin, TX China - Hong Kong SAR Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: 49-2129-3766400
Tel: 512-257-3370 Tel: 852-2943-5100 Tel: 60-3-7651-7906 Germany - Heilbronn
Boston China - Nanjing Malaysia - Penang Tel: 49-7131-67-3636
Westborough, MA Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 Tel: 60-4-227-8870 Germany - Karlsruhe
Tel: 774-760-0087 China - Qingdao Philippines - Manila Tel: 49-721-625370
Fax: 774-760-0088 Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Germany - Munich
Chicago China - Shanghai Singapore Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Itasca, IL Tel: 86-21-3326-8000 Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Tel: 630-285-0071 China - Shenyang Taiwan - Hsin Chu Germany - Rosenheim
Fax: 630-285-0075 Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 Tel: 886-3-577-8366 Tel: 49-8031-354-560
Dallas China - Shenzhen Taiwan - Kaohsiung Israel - Ra’anana
Addison, TX Tel: 86-755-8864-2200 Tel: 886-7-213-7830 Tel: 972-9-744-7705
Tel: 972-818-7423 China - Suzhou Taiwan - Taipei Italy - Milan
Tel: 86-186-6233-1526
Fax: 972-818-2924 Tel: 886-2-2508-8600 Tel: 39-0331-742611
China - Wuhan
Detroit Thailand - Bangkok Fax: 39-0331-466781
Tel: 86-27-5980-5300
Novi, MI Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Italy - Padova
China - Xian
Tel: 248-848-4000 Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh Tel: 39-049-7625286
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Tel: 84-28-5448-2100
Houston, TX Netherlands - Drunen
China - Xiamen
Tel: 281-894-5983 Tel: 31-416-690399
Tel: 86-592-2388138
Indianapolis Fax: 31-416-690340
China - Zhuhai
Noblesville, IN Norway - Trondheim
Tel: 86-756-3210040
Tel: 317-773-8323 Tel: 47-7289-7561
Fax: 317-773-5453 Poland - Warsaw
Tel: 317-536-2380 Tel: 48-22-3325737
Los Angeles Romania - Bucharest
Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 40-21-407-87-50
Tel: 949-462-9523 Spain - Madrid
Fax: 949-462-9608 Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Tel: 951-273-7800 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
Raleigh, NC Sweden - Gothenberg
Tel: 919-844-7510 Tel: 46-31-704-60-40
New York, NY Sweden - Stockholm
Tel: 631-435-6000 Tel: 46-8-5090-4654
San Jose, CA UK - Wokingham
Tel: 408-735-9110 Tel: 44-118-921-5800
Tel: 408-436-4270 Fax: 44-118-921-5820
Canada - Toronto
Tel: 905-695-1980
Fax: 905-695-2078

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002466B-page 23