llEPIEXOMENA

flPOAOfO:Z: ......................................................... LEA. 9

KE<I>AAAIO lo
ALTPONOMIA- A:Z:TPOTATPIKH-
A2:TPOrENNETIKH
A:Z:TPOBIOAOriA KAI EAAHNIKO D.N.A ....... >> 19

KE<I>AAAIO 2o
OI E\l-'IAON :Z:TEANOYN MHNYMA ...
MH <POBA:Z:TE EAAHNE:Z: AIIAA MHN
EIIANAIIAYE:Z:TE ................................................. » 51

KE<I> AAAIO 3o
E\l-'IAON. H OAIKH EIIANA<POPA
DNA EAAHNQN- YIIEPOIIAA>> ........................ >> 85

KE<I>AAAIO 4o
TO 2011 ME THN ENEPfOIIOIH:Z:H TOY DNA
OI :Z:YNEibHTOIIOIHMENOI EAAHNE:Z:
E>A riNOYN 100.000.000 ...................................... » 153
0 auyyQacp£a~ amou wu ~L~ACou i'l11f!iiTQ11~ fL6A~a~ aE
JTELG[!a twv "a11f!ELWV twv IWLQWV" 6rrou 6AoL md~1110Uv
111V 611[!00LOT11TU tlEAEL va bLaT11Qll0fL Ta qJCina 111~ ll11[!0-
0LOT11Ta~ [!alt(!LU LOU, JTWTEUOVTa~ 6n automwrr6~ bEV
ELVaL 11 JTQO~OAll TOU, aU6. 11 EV11f!EQW011 TUJV
EA-AHNQN yLa am6. rrou EQXOVTm!!!
~TO ~L~A(o am6 yw JTQWT11 <JlOQ6. arroxal.umnm yLm( m
EWIAON UJTUQXOUV. ME TOV JTAEOV EJTW111[t0VLXO TQOJTO
rrwTorroL£Ctm TO yLmC J.Cyo f!ET6. TO 2011 m EAAHNE~
E>A MEr AAOYPfH~OYN.
MLa GELQ6. arr6 a6L6.aaata atmxECa JTUQUTLtlEvTm xm o
auyy(!UqJEa~ JTQOXUAEL 6rrmov ta Uf!<JlLG~11TEL va ta EAEy-
l;EL yLa va OEL 6n m EWIAON 6vto~ EQXOVTm TO 2011
aav EA (<PQ~) m11v AA~ (fH) yLa va TLfLWQiiaouv 10
~KOTO~!!!
To 20 II oL EA-AHNE~ 8a £(vaL rr6.vw arr6
100.000.000 XUL 8a UQXLGEL 11 avaTOAll LOU EAA11VLXOU
rroAmartou f!E 111v ~oii8aa twv "EWIAON". IIQ~;
MABA~TE A YTO TO BIBAIO KAI E>A A Y~ETE
OAE~ TI~ AIIOPIE~ ~A~!!!
01 00131£R01309S: AlLlO 1JJX DJDV 1,>0X1p~ Alt10 '5aorl;l''(Oil
51J-OX1ADX'(DS: 5aow 1Z81 01 011Al,l~rrs: ow 5aOA90X
5aOJDXilD 5rrow 5D~99 53<;>)'(30 Jr\tDOA;J aou 50"-8tL o.r,
·5nilgJX 51!1 OJ\J 9x111v_ou mx
9X1riOAOX10 i\01 A(l0i\1}8fl31DX 1DX MOXA;J'(3 53J030l!1£it 5;JX
-110arlmx 53)3\-)0301£ 53"-;J~ 'Joooov_ox JOX1"-83fl'(01£ 5C)l8DX
'OA.3ri9X31031£ i\O;J'(lf MOX;J A3Q DJXOD10fl)l ~X1A83 1DX
DJOltlOD~3AV ~X111.eg 1009 10 'QQO"Z it01 DQI,l'('(g Alt1&
"5;J101A
-3<;>ltrl 51)-oxmrlxnilnu mx 5aool!'(X91£D 13~Jrlae DA Sa01 ~,>il
-od:l1031£rlao 3({ l! '513~9'( '5?X1'(AAD l!ol!rlJ1001£ l,llDX '53A;J~
31i Sa01x13rl'&JAD 'SaoA.9'(D1Q SaoA;JrlonecbJODl£ AIJ-01ouorl
-10lt0X Di\ l,l'('(D '5gJ1£301£0Alt'('(3 1D1i\OO?d:l1031£rlrto Di\ 1DX
AIJ-0"(1rlo DA Srro;JA Sa01 513DIJ-OXD ne AJ'\7 ·vuH Suo 5(1)1£9
'D1Dril!A0(l0100AD D01.3nD 1DX D1i\31A3rl101 3rJ D1Dri(1)01X3
; ; ; ;

'&JX1riOQ03'(01£ l,l'('(D '~X1A01X311XOD ~X1Al!'('(3 3rl D10

-)1X AO;J'(lf 5130~1i\DMD n 8 i\3({ QQQ"Z it01 D({l,l'('(3 Al!1&
···ttoUX'&JADAD l!mxJ<;> mx ~031 mrl 5D1A.C)l'(
-nxoou '5D)A(1)013 S~x1AD01 51!1 mo9 m MtO~JAAD DJOlfO
D1 'DA3~l,l0Dl£ l,l'('(Ol£ MOAJD\-)rlao D03rl~o '&VVV3 1Dl
-J3'(DX DOC)J1 53Jl31'(1X aou oilgJX 91aD 9X1cbDilk(1)3A O:L&

I.
:IOJOVOdU

6 llOZ O.L VdO<lJVNVU3 H)[!VO ,.3, VVVWO

 1'-HMHTPHL f!Oi\BAL OMAC.A "E" Oi\IKH EITANA<I>OPA TO 2011 11
10

1940, TO 'E8voc:; Jto1J /'JYj[UOllQYTJOE TT]V monm(a T11C:: va xmu.SELx8eC 6n to xa8eotwc:;, nou x<itw an6 .St<icpogec:;
EOKA, xat~VTTJOE O~f-lEQC! EQf-laLO nov .Sta8toewv tT]c:; XO[-l[tanxec:; nagunayec:;, tugavv6. wv EAA11VLO[t6, xm
~evoxgmCac:;, xat~Vt110E unoxeCgw tou XQ11[-latWTTJQL01J, e(vm ~u8a6. Av8en11v1x6;
tUJV XO[-l[-lC!tLXWV btacp80QELUJV XaL TUJV Jt<lOTJC:: cpUOEWc:; c£gw 6TL xm o~wgu un<igxouv "Lwxg<itT]bec:;",
XC!Jt~AWV LbEWV xm TUXObLUJXTCDV. "A\E~av.Sgm", "N LX11cp6got <l>mx<i.Sec:;", "~guyoli[-l11bEc:;",
'H8oc:;, Tt[-l~, <l>t\onatgCa, Auto8uoCa eCvm £vvmec:; ''ftuVVOJt01JAULOt" XUI "Aygec:;", UVCt[-lEOa OTouc:;
ayvmotec; yta touc:; N wena.SC tee; otouc:; nagux[-ttaxoi"Jc; NwenT]vec:;, nou .SeCxvouv emMof.lovec:; xm uyvw[-lovec:;!
amove; xmgolic:; touc:; onoCouc:; bLEQXOf-lUOtE. ~EV YVCOQLt,UJ JtOOOI UJtO TOUC:: U[-lEQIXUVOXQUtoll[tEVOliC::
L~f-lEQU, ot11v En<ibu tou 2.000, .StxuCm[-ta \6you xm ~ t.Sw\oyoacpTJQTJf-lEvouc:; '\jiEUToxou\tougt<iQ11bEc:; XELf-laQ-
a:n:ai:t:TJIHJ Uf~UIJ!!OU E1;01.1V 01 :ltQUXTOQE<;, 01 O!!Oifll.l· QOXUV11Y11tEc:; XUL U~QWtEc:; TUJV LbC!VLXWV Xal TWV 8EOJtE-
J.6qJtl.ot, ot r~t:n:oqot vaqxwnxwv, OL unmecilvec;, ot [-lJttWV naga.S6oEctJV [-lac;, an68Q110XOL xm a:n:<itgt.Sec:;,
fLWEnT]vec:;, .StxuCcu[W EHyxou tmv n<ivtmv EXEL cmoxt~­ xou~a\oliv ux6[La f-lEOa touc:; En TJVLxolic:; xga.Sao[-lolic:;
OEL xa8E u\A6tQLOc:;, xa8E uv8EnT]VLXO OtOLXELO, 1tA11V xm mo8<ivovtm gC YTJ ouyx\ovLOf-lWV one; avacpog£c:; tmv
umwv nou uyanoliv tT]V IlmgCbu touc:; xm 8uot<it,ovtm unag~tax(uv [We; .Sec)Of-lEVWV ~ av mo8<ivovtm x<in OTTJV
ytu tT]V E\\a.Su. LTO Jt1JQ TO E~ctJTEQO T] EV01JVELb11T11 av6.XQ01J011 TOU E8VtXOll [-lac; 'Y [-lV01J ~ T11V EJtaQOT] TOU
[-lOQcp~ JtatQLultLO[-lOll, Oto JtUQ to E~WTEQO x<iee yevvu(u E8vtxoli [-lac; L1![-l~6\ou, tT]c:; fa\av6\euxT]c:;, t11V o:n:oCa
xm 8UQQUAEU cpUlV~ Jt01J JtLOT~ one; UJtUYOQEUOELc:; TT]c; XC!TCtVTT]OaV XOUQEAOJtaVO.
ouvet.S~oewc:; o[Lt\eC negC A\mgwtwv IlatgCbwv yw ~EV [-lJtOQW va qJaVta08W tov'En11va ax8ocp6go XC!I
E8vtx<i l.Savtx<i ytu EIIAN-EA-AHNILH. OJtOUbaot~ tou OXOtabLO[-lOi) tT]c:; AEJtQOcpEQt11c:; ~ll011C:: XC!I
Evw tt,u[-lt<i emoxeu<it,ovtm xm o1!Vuymyec:; mavu\et- EQaOt~ t11c:; OTEIQOTT]tac:; 1{C!I t01J f-l11bEVLO[-l0ll. Kt' aut6,
tougyoliv, agxaCm vaoC xmuggeouv eyxutEAEL[tEvm. Evw ytatC ~tav xm dvm n<ivta \a[-tJtabt.SQ6[-loc:;, f-lJtQOOTCtQTJc:;,
o ~~floc; A8TJvuCwv n[-t<i touc:; e~guCouc:;, we; ngoc:; touc:; :n:\oT]y6c:; xm tegocp<ivtTJc:;. Muyefa! To EA-AHN! H Agx~
'En11 vec:; uoe~ec xm uox11f-loveC. Evw oL ~evoL et.eyxouv, xm to TE\oc:;!. .. 0 LU[-l:rtavnx6c:; excpogeuc:;. Ta n<ivw "e~
nuvtoLotQ6nwc:;, o\o[va xm negwo6tego t11V nmgwa Y11, auToli xm .St' auToli". H 0ECa u:n:egoum6T11Ta, ELTE to
11 XUQWQXLU tUJV En ~VWV OE um6v TOV TOJtO, bWQXWC::
eet.ouv EL TE OXL LbE0\6yot XC!lQOOXOJtOL xm 8EWQ11TIXOL
OUQQLXVWVEtaL. '\jJE1!toX011A T01JQIUQ110Ec:;. fLat( JtlOTEllW axga.Savta nmc; 11
Ilmu flfYUAUTEQTJ un6.Set~TJ XQEL<it,nm ytu va xuta.SEL- aECt,woc; 8ECa En T]Vtx~ M~tga .Sev otEQE'\jJE xm .Sev :n:go-
xeeC Otl to ~EVOb01JAO XUTEOT11[-lEVO EXJtOLEL UJtQOXcXA1JJttu oB\~811xE t6oo, 6oo cpaCvnm.
tT]V Ilm:gCba; Ilmu f-lEyu\litEQ11 un60EL~11 XQEL<it,nm ytu 'EqzrTUilJ wqa :n:l.tJUtO:l;n o zq6vo<; n:ou Oa ava:n:tt-
9J.CD l)'('(D O~O(,ll)ODJ.C '9X101A3XX3 ADA'} :DOD<)J'(A UcDOOri91(,l1 ' 51fOX101A3XOAlt'{"t3 .. A30\tll5rro1 5(t01r1D Srro·eg 'Srotig
11
D1ri SitOl (1)0)1C ADDUcDl) 13AI}JcD rtOJ.C DA<)J1D rtOl 108A101}£)D'( 0031\)DD103ll ·Srtol S13~JYOll 10 531Q) 10 ArtO~)cDDOAOl<Odl
10 'l')UJ;JJUI lt01 1DX SUOD093'(Ul S~X100cbrtOO(,l SUl 'M)llO Srto..L :Jo111D 1llAJ3 J010li ·n.oA)YiU1031DX r101 S3J01Dcb Suo
-1AO'(OJ.Crt A(1)1 UOrt3'('} AUl 9 J.CD DD)ri 3XUG~cbDOAD1XD DA<)J1D oJD)ll 1'(191£ SrnAX'}.1A3 Sn.o1 51)1A005JcDDAD1£3 31)3 'Sr101 SJYJ.A
rtO I'Z: rtOl DJrimAA01DrtaJ U 'DJ11DDOX13 D)Dlrt3'(31 AU..L -o!f3luokoun 31 J3 'D<?9'i'i3 DJAm1v AU1 sool£ AOlAJriom3ow
. "S3'(1}J.COri038 1DX A(l)A5JriUl030DDrtQ Am1 D~JYri Ul A<\O~A)'(3 XJ,\ D1A '501
MoXOl)J.Crt A3(,l S31 '(1)1cb3 SJomX.. 'uo~o ~x).D'/ u -mi~lD<lO rt01 DlDTI(__DXDAD l)X113XDDAD 1llX UDD1DJY1DX01£rt
1305JcbDAD 9cboo SuJJ.C9 '1191v ·ifoJ.Cnihv SnJDl!OA\f Su1 J1C3 JYX1lrt3(,l1kD1£ Aif0'{3101!D DlU19X11D1iAD01C AUlD 'OQ31£)1£3
1D1AOI}3001C rtOJ.C S31 '(1)1cD3 10AOOXkrJD 10 1DA J3 'DAAD'(l)cD D1D\J?\'J OA9ri 9X11DDOdJ 3D 'M)J<,?(1)3(,l1 MJlXlAU '('(3 A(1)1 53 X
UlJ.Cri?U mri Aif01D1MD '10'(UJ.Cl)XO(,l101DJ.C 10 JOlrtD 10'(0- -rril~x 101DI}01£D1Q Sal 1D1AO~JADcb1i3 mx AD 'S)3iloecbo1'(09
·Slu. 5\t~om.c(t Slu Am 'A<;l1D30UJ.Cil A<)JX110ilri A<)JlCD<,?O'('(D 1llX A<ll)OmX,\.3 10ri1dl901
-a~pqoun mx A<01l';Jtir1Alnl l';J013D 3'{131D~ nihti\tD mx 'ilOA'}llU1031DX I}OX1AU'('(3HAD i\01 )010\7 'I}OliD1AU'('(3
Sro;1 119 ArlO~~oroAA. <!>A3 Slu \t~O»ll(t Alu 1D1A(tOAOV rw1 mmi~l'(goou mAok}'(dl m mk .. sooHX1 ~,\.1o" '19xuu'(x
·S!t1 A<!>1Xr1111C3 A<01 1nx N0VIth3 3:0\lVWO -ooJ.C ArJOOUl <SJA3 'S3JDU801Drt3 lDX S3JXrtDUAD 55JX1k0'(0'(1dl
5lt1 OJ3'{DA3ti D1A AllOD\t'{1ti ))A Ar10A(t3ib01CV . "1l)X S'}X100(1)'(k . "SD1AODDJY1001£ 'A(l)A~ '('(3 A(l)JDUAk
·SoA83,01 mx ~'(rt¢ AUl SooJ.C Sn01 ~ouAOl) AU1 MO£lifOX Am1 S13~91 Suo owo 9xuukuqoHDX AI}OX1<,?X319 lOJOllO 10
'DJ301D'(O(,l101Dl£ U1DD'(l£)1C3 1DX ~X1A0101Crt D1ri 91CD (YJD)li 'A<ll1A9~1icO'(O'(ldJ A(Y)AUJdJ9AU'('(3 AOJJ. 91iDJ A01 911\D A0'(9
· .. o'(DXX9X 010 10JDXDri" 01 'DA3ri9A3'( Sc__nA10x m l)lDX mlc 1Dl13X90U · .. u1<)J101DU" i\01 mx .. <)OX101A3XOAU'('(3 ..
'MO'(JY£) DA MOAif3dJ01£D '" UD<DA3, ~X).D1CUJ0rt3" A38~(,l n.m ~1A03'/ u1 9 oodm n.oJ.C A91nn 'owo919D '9oeX3 9x
Ali.l mx DJMDOru ~X).O.l VN AU1 Soou Sm '51301)0(/11£3 -103llYJD3 01'(99 DA? lDX 130)1£(1)131i11AD ))A 13X) S9ri01AU '('{3
S3A5J~ 511 Soou 5m 'DJ1DOXOA33 AUl 5001! Srn UD)8 i\110\:)1)'( 0 'JYA13<,/ Dl JYlrl.D D'(9 5mri9 ADADQdJ'} AlLYl DA D&
DA 'D)Drl.G 13DJ91£ 'Art0AI}3m01!\{ 'rtOA)riUlOJlDX "r10A'}riU101! iVXON3 OD911DAJ3JY'('(D D<)JGD 1DlAO•\)DcD
-01rioox,\.nu, 11.01 Srt01'}HDXA3 Sifoxuminox MO'('(l)~joo:u rtol£ l)lrtD D'/9 ,o 31DDTI9X3101lAD DA &VW H)liJOV U1
51}001DX JYlDX 119 59AOA3A 01 \l01rtD )031C U~13991£D ~11£\f 3lli}0101£0li1DUOX DA 3rirlODJXOD DA Jri<)01dl3XD DA 131£'}0U
'r101100\)ll101/0Ar1D 1DAJ3 500'1;1~ l';J1DX ~lll1A 'gtiD1A<013: ·urJqxo uuoo19AU'('(J AUlD uo3fl91£f\OO:u UlU1JDOD1£D 1DAJ3
A01 Ar10Dl';JX11/D1DX DA 'D~Dr10 13Dl';Jll 'Ar10A(t3ibOllV .. nA)X DOJ3X mx l)AU8V Arto .. 01 i\0'('(1)~3 ·Snri 91rtm A01
'(\OtiD1Alt'{'{3 r101 ltD<0~~1ll3 Alt1 A(\0'{13l.cD r10J.c 3lii10D~8UO£) DA S)3ri3 1DX J3XOD JOicmOD AI}OflDlO D8 lDX
D1Dti\t1lt~ DlAoA.nlb 1DX lti/<!>1Dr10 D1 DlA ltD;JO DlD UO'Z: 01 Aaooo\1 no 1o~OJ.cO 10 NOVIm3 A<01 nuo\to~
-gtil.tq ArlO~l';J'{ DA Sr101 \tArlibOJ.c)) lt 1311!(\'{DXOJHJ 5r101 Alt1 ati 5nXl';J1D Su gun DD\Jrl Srolb \)X1Alt'{'{3 01 13D\tll

£1 llOZ OL VdO<PVNVIE! H)!IVO ,a, VVVWO :;:vavou &HdJ,HWHV Zl

DOildlj!A. H ·SolAO'('{Trl S01AOj!dJD1QA3 UQ<01Ll)l 30l)lX 91LD DM)l1D 0 1(; A01 l)llDX A'J.OlDD1DilOOD1L DE) nOlL S3XAl)lAD
mx rrodJomiJAD1L S9A3 norrdlJI- u1 J3'(3101LD mu19X11Drl 10 1DX S13DJOX 531Xrl3dJ91LDAD 10 '513Dl)l1DD1DX 10 1191\1
-AD01! DD<J.OOD1! U Sam 01D\Jj!\J 1DAJ3 OD910LJ "MD1~10ADX1 :nAJri(tOI-UOOlC D1 9lLD AilOOj!dJD1Q l)ll3ri 1DX 5;66 [ 01 91CD
M)JX11D\J031L<1 Mnj!A SuD1Al)ldlrl3 OA3ri9X1QA3 ow SmJOilX 1D1A'J.01M31- rro11 l)l1Q1DlL D'(il01C9AU'('(3 m 5cmi9 J1D1J
1DX 'OlDDliJXOQD 01 1DX OlDCl1AAl)l OlD 11ADA;J1LD O~j9dJ "UDCllJ3'(31 AUlD l,HAOX 011!
Olitdlrlj! AOl 3ri 1DX 5<;JODX UDUQJ3AilD UA11L<;JOOAD AUlD mi~g DA? 'Stu l)l013D lu Jri '13D~A.uqo 5mi Dfl rro:t: Sl)l1A3A
5~00011!3 SD1A90)I 5U1 59AOI-3A. 01 91LD DD]rl )3\)UAU~3 ))A 5D:_JA Su1 '(JdJoOJL OA3ri91L3'(~joo1! 01 1rl TrlrJ.oou '(OXrm DO
)3001!11 il01L 11l)lX 1DAJ3 91ilV "513Dl)l1011AD J3I-O<l01riuq DA 91rlD miUA91L m:r ")30Xil3111L3 D(i 'J31DlJ130X AD 1X 901DX
~ 13~)001031! ))A J30il0'(0XD~3 'DO)DdJD ~Xl'(il AUl 91LD 13A OD9 '5o'(;Jl ow Smll mAp oorroA.JD 01 'S;JOO:t 5}'('(01! 1DAJ3
-').3dJ3~ 3101!~(/110 3D '9X11D1iil3A1L 3101!~(/110 3D 11ADA;J1LD AD 1DX O'(OXD'J.(/ OD9 1D)I ·oX910 AOl A91rlD AnO},l)l001L
DJ1D11!Drl9 ltAooXA.'J.D H ·Snu19ADX1 5:)11LU'(11AD 9'(Dmi DA 31D<)J 1D1A0~9riODD001lO'(U'('(D l)l1A3/, 3(ll)lX mx ~X01L3
5nrl 9x19 01 mA. 531DD11Ll)l mx 531D10~MDD 3rl Su~OD1L'J. 3\)l)l)f ·oJQ31l 9x1'(n ow 5Dllt191lCnOOAD 5ltl <10'(90 rro1
OQ31LJ1C3 Oj!A DA} MODl)l1DrlOOD1L DA 5DJ131'(1X 5D)A 5ul ),!1(/ UDCnO~L'(XO'(O il1llX Ul~L,\ll'(ll 1101 UDUJ01COWlil13A1L U DlAl)lll
-1))1! ))10 ArlOl)1,:_J0111l3 DO rlOJL Sj!dJDOAD1(/001! 53X101DJ1AD mAp 5DJ01lO 5ltl 5oX91D 501D1D<J. 'A<;JXrrrt< MnAJri01XODDA3
511 1DX DJ3X101D DA31i<).01 1DJ.CD D1 D'(9 AilOD(__ll01A3XAilD DO mx S~Xom 'J.~D13ri UDDO(!J1l3'(lt'('(D 5UQ<)J10U1Drlri mx UlX
501AO'('(j!rl rlOl 5}00011!3 Sj!X11UAD'(1L 10 5crm A'J.OOrllOmJ -U00l)l1QD mli nXOl)lllil 5cn1! 3'riDA:_!'( DA ADl~ no 91DCnD 011!
'So1A90D1L rrm Scnri9 D03:L9X1(!13 'SDJ13DDOX13 5DJD1il3'(Jl -~XOJL3 AUl AilOAl)lX il01L 101!Cl100Al)l10 31'}0 'SilOll<;JOOAD
0.1
5Ul ACl11l)lrimD ACl1JADOrlO ACl1110'(X'J.X 1010~1Arl0rl31DX 1Q Snm 13Al)lX rro11 ~tXom u 1DAJ3 A3\l ·Smli9 31DD'ri91'(3l- Auli
"M.3IA sv "1003193A 10 3A)'( ' .. A<;J3A3A ACl1A31i'}OAit001L A(l)l Surt<JXD
;)I.LSA.W 9X1Q0103JL ow rl0AAJ1L:r UOAl)lDrlOX u 3QtDOk< 501!901 0 13JD1c!>" "JOX1031i 3A5J'( ' .. m01jll ~X01!3 U ADlH,
5mlL9 D1A9oX DA3ri91L3 SmD:_JriD m A'J.O\)UM31- DA m1nn ·nw'riA.l)l01L mx 5rl01L<;JOOAD 3D Srrm
-9011 l)l1(/1DlL DD9 1DX 1D1AOAl)l\JriD'(1031L DJ01LO AUlD 'l)llAJ/. 501D9X 01 ADXJ3 5DA<;J1D S9100X11 o rl01 mOJll 3DUdll)l nolL
' ·~nr
D;JA u1 ~lrlD l)llAOX 911D 3ri'J.09 5D '91rrD 9A.uqo 3W 55)13(/00 5DJAO'(OAX31 5~'(ltrtcit '55JX11XU'{l!X3 10 119 3'rirlOOJO
-11010U1XDODX D1 l)llrlD MO~JADdJrl3 D1A90X DJD1rl3'(31 lll -mAl-DAD DA 13JL;J01L DO D1380901L11l3 ·SolAO'('(:_Jli noA1'(l)lilA.
1D1A'J.01M3A. rroJL l)l1Q1D1L m UQH. · Am3Dl)l1D103JL Aml Sort\,' 't}OOXIlilc 59A3 591iA.1A1D1Lil o 3XUO~I-Orl011iUQ '5mli9 'u'('(l)l
OlD A'J.OOOD DA ArlOD:_JOOJLri DO 'J.OX1AOADX ilOl AD0jl1L 53111 1 AU1 91lV ·LtDUA'J.303~3 ~x1Aoliuwm3 5rroqJ3 30l)lX 'uouAJX
-9ADX1 mx mmiDJODX l)lX1Xnrt< '5UA'J.DorluoA U1XJ39 9'(lul\,, ~X1QOAD ~XODl(/ 'U11L3'(\.J901LD mli 31i 301Al)lOdJO 'l)lX11iDAil(/
ArlOX;J DO ~913J.C3 rro11 mio1v; "A'J.01D1013X Su DA UD}il 30il3A1L:_! <toll 5nJA.O'(OAX31 5u1 Soli3Al)l S010'}0 0 ·5uoltA
3D 1DA )3 DE) DriOll)l DA;JriD1X100lL 0A9ri nOlL S3101}1 m,\ I I -').303~3 Sulm13'(J1D o1io9x 9X110D1LODMD Snrt<911D 5;!'('(01!

>I l!OZ O.L VdO<PVNVU3. H)IIVO ,a, VVVI<'Jt• :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWHV vl

·SLl03(1'(l19 mx SLlr!t;)XO nol!9ch I}OX1ALl '('(3 no1 Llo1Al!l}dm 9TI(Jfl0 S1101 9X1Dflci:l 9X1TI01D A01D 1D1AOA~ci:lD DA 131lJ01C
ALll D1A 'D1A9'( "0'('(9 Jri '1Dl13X90U ·noA 9X11DOOA3 AOl '3/c3'() 'l)1Q1D1l DJ, "91'("01C 01 91l"O DO}li 3101Al)l.C 1"0131}9
13A<)J'(Ll901m DJODlADrb Ll~?'t Ll 'LlomilJ!19 SLl1 DJA Lll:<:: -DAD OlOI}OA1DX OJ, · .,il0101}0A1DX., fl01 D10AAJ Ll 13XOljl.CCl
"DJDDlA"OJJ :Ll~J'( ~X19DAOTI 1DX D11i Ll10 Ail0k9,\D A3Q ~x1J..mJ..ngm1C l!AooXIcl}o Ll1o Smll 'SLlr~;JXD S~x1ALl'('(3 Sn
Snri Jlmi S3'(9 nol.C mx AO'('(}ri ow Smi Llr!t]Xil ALl1 M\Oil -JnXon SLl1 DJQ1 t.Lll SmAOO;JrbmJri Cl01'(JTI1\f no1 ~/ceo!. \f H
-~'(OXDDl.CD D() nol.C J!1913'(X SlJ"i?'t Su 91LD S]X1031i 1XlAJ3 oleO] OlD flOl 5130~()101C31C S11 1DX S13rlt91CXl 511 130<)ll.CCUD19
"'(1X Llrlt}XD ~X1AO'('(ilil 'm3f)l)l.C0001C ~X1AO'('(I10 'min09 3XJ3 D1t.90X oos <\101£ SOJOl.CO 0 '90Cl0d xnz ADZ I}OX11fl3Q
'LloLlM)ADAD '4Xnrj\ 'S9ri01Xncll 'LlOOD()ljY. 'S9ri01AOOX -1Dl.CX3 1DX ClOci:lljOA01ri1X09 'noci:l9D0'(1rb I}OX1l3~'(3-0'('(DJ
-/ci\0 'Ll0Ll9J3MO 'LlOM()l)~jliJ 'LlOllA99 'LlOIJ09A3 'l101l0919 fl01 1()1}TIDOD1C 9X1t.OOXD1Q OlD 3TII}Oci:lD01D DA J3XO\f
'LlDLl80JD1'1,7 "lllAOlJOO AOlD ljAD"i J3ADdl 13X} SIWD1D91CI1 :SnJ131'(1X SDJA 5Ll1 A<;J191Dl.C Am1 ~1ClD mx A91C10'(
5LlA11C<)JO()AD SLl1 J)Ofl3'(1C ~X11,\Drillo S(1J0}1D191 mx 4x1o 1X9 JlD1A -5nri S~mS, 5Ll1 DJ3001C ~~10XD t.Ll1 Sn01 D'(O~rii}D
-3lmDJ S<)l'(31AJ nni 119 13~JD001C Dfl - OOW}fl 'LloD093'{Lll Dl 3ri 13rltl)OAD1DX S3A<)l1D 1DX <;J93 Ll9~1 MOX} I}OADOClO fl01
'nJicmlcnXrlrlt 'llJ't~Jl\J - SpAnx 1J"ilf110X AD m 310E~({•l01CQ 10'(xr;x 10 mx moJlDD m '10()I}r11o Sorrln ·oo13A9 owml.Clf
"DJ391Dl.C ~!X1All'('(3 DJDXOXJ ALllO 31illOcl.lJ01il1l£3 'O"i099101D031C(l DA;J 3TI 135,J,>10TI DA J3001CTI 91fl"O 51}0'(
i lj1"{Dl! n1o 31i ,·wdlJOW1ll3 11o1C 'A91C10'( 'n N -'(Ol.C 33:: · .,HXA!h., ~xlA.O'('(ClD 5m l)'('(D '.,l)J3., 9X1AO'(
· .,S~!X1kmlcmi1DU -'(rtO Sm 1X9 ArtoXOJ!llCl DEJ A.nJJL<)JO(JAD D9J03ri Llil311}'(Dic3ri
Sin li.DD10lj.\Dl.C3., 91flll mi1iXJ<lk9<ll.C 01 Ano~ Ll O)Ol.CO AOlD 9TI0111'(01C OA3TI9•"l9DAD AD<\} m/c 1Dl13X90U
-l)liOt.O '1101)1!\l D'(J01XJ S9/cmlcnqm1C l1 mx oXDt.91!\l Olll "DOJ?lXD'( J3'(DX001C 'SDJ00101 S~X11AD1CTifl0 Sl11 OQOJ031C
NCI3HIVOCI3GNDI N300H S'1303 SH:JICIG3IC!d DJA mri 30 5nri 990DJ3 ALll mJ.. 10ri101? 1DAJ3 Smri9 Snoo9
OJ31cCn/cm1CLl,\ 010 fl01 S}10fl3Al.C1i3 1Q "DJOJ.ll,\J)(Jl 33:: "9'(Dflri 9X11LlOLl1Mlil fJt.) 3D ~rbOOlDOl.CD 1DX 0£19dl
Ll1 OJ3'(nA.oJ 9x1Xoxnmih S<n Sn1M)J1ol.Coriwlli'IX s.1o.t J3'(DX001C 5m"i9QDOD1l rtOl.C Ll"i1'tJ"l3 mri mJ.. 1D113X90U
S;ull19,\DX1 SJX1Xnrll S11 Alw"ir}11CDAD DA 130~()LlO~ m DA . "S01i09X SOJA S910D1i11 D(J" 0 J310D'(l.C D(J DJ Ol.CO ALl1
13CJ3Xmo 'DOJ(-)1}3'(3 1D1AI}OA1X nt. l)1({11ll.C DlD SmAoic;ilt 91lXl Ll'(<} Ll1<)l01C ALl1 Afl00J'(3101CD Xl(J rtOl.C<)JO(JAXl fl01 531
-11£3 'oJol.Co 01 mirlnolc901C DA} mlc 1D113X90ll ·nJAmioJ. 1 -l119AXlX1 S}xulleom1q mx S5Jx1mricno 'SJXllLloA 53;JA 10
LllO DJ3A.in/cml.CLlA ljX1031i 30 Ll9~ 1Dl3l91iODci:l3 'A(ll)l.Clt.\ "ClOAAJl.C:<:: ")! Ll J30LllDOXll.C nXOlDI}3 Sm1C9 XllXJrii}Allriool.C
A(lll 5mLll9X1AOt1oniLlq 5Lu Ll"icul.ClfAD t.Ll1 mlc milino/ XllAJ,>OrtO Xl1 ArtOll.C(} '(DXOl.CXl SXJri 9HlD 'l)X110Xl0(/ ArtO~
-901£ 9X11D1i03'(3l01LD l)'('(D Olll1191(1J01: DA} 'D03ri~:<:: -l)'('(Xl Xl(J ~nJlUA11C<;JO()AXl l1 mx SLl"iOXll.CI} 0(/31CJ1C3 OJA 01
"A9li\!) 'uXJrii..J,>OU ·SnO<;JJ3 rtOA ll.C<)JO()AXl rtOA;Jrilcrt11C3AD 011£ Llri9XXJ
,o 1D135,91iOD0001C YJ,\ 13EJ1ll.C S<101 ~Ofl39JD1LX3 Ll llll' S9A3 Llorl3'(SJ ALl1 mJ.. 5orbXJq} o1 13A JD13'(001l "9\l.CD ~lrtXJ

Ll I lOZ O.L VdO<IlVNVUIT H)[JVO ,a, V'VVIA!t > 3:VliVOIJ 3:Hd.LHWHV 91

-?ThQJQArlO lJlXltOO"&J 1DAJ3 UJA0'(01(j0010\f ~X101D),0010\f
UJriOAOOlO\f lt S(Dll9 S3rl~1011l3 91lU "&J0130 D1W 'M)llltAU'(ll
MDl llO?(l Alll 3rl ltolt10"&J~3 30 1DX ltAOlA? 1DAJ3 UA ltDUOQ
-Jll3 lt ~1rlU A91l10'( 1DAJ3 9X1AO'( %0L 91DOD01l 30 903A
91lU 1D1J3'(3101lU rlOJOllO rl01 59riD1AUA00 0 'Oll(DO(lA"&J
A01 S<,;Jll3Arto mx (moilil)'(Ull mx ltlmllri"&J) 903A 01 13~"9
-Joltm SoAlt'(?DAUll lt 119 uil11iLw S3Aori~1D11l3 10 10'(9 mlA
-OX?Q rlOll 11"&JX 3~13Q?llU 1DX uriltl~~ 01 3li '\)X11D1A3 3Xlt(l
-~'(OXou Srt0,\90X Sr].OX1All'('(3 SrtOJUXilu SrtOlD 5U09AU(ll<ll
0 U0319X1Q13 OllmO(lA'\) A01D A<,;JlllAU'(ll Am3D~A 1X
Aml ltDUOQJll3 All1 AU~10<,;JAA A<,;J1131'(1X 91lU S3Alt'('(3)Q
iiiOOXOdVA. A010
~3A.8XI Srtol 9l.CU ltoug'\)13rl ltw S<,;J)j1ilxu I IO'Z 01 '\)13rl
OAJ'( Srt01 lt~1cD'\) Alll Af\O~J001QD001l NQV!rh3 10 J1D1/c
31J3(lcDlt'(11AU UA 3rlrtOD~(lltO(j Suo U(l 1013, 'rlOl!<,;JO(lAU
rl01 S?AU'('(U 53'('('9 1DX 5?X11Urilt(lD1DM\D 511 '\{' N'Q
01 Jri lto9XD nX9 UJriOAOOlD\f lt 119 mmi~013X11l3 "&JX1A
-orlltwun Jri Jrirto~pgouu Suo ue 01D'('9cDJX 01 911m .~

·v·N·a 0)1JNHVV3: JV)I

VLIOVOUIOd.L::IV- H)IU3:NN3:JOd.L::IV
- H)lld.LV~Od.L::IV- VIWONOd.L::IV ~
jDlA'\)ll D1 Arl0~'9'('(U UA 110Z 011D1AOX0? rlOll NOVIrh3
"S300.L'\)llOOll, Srtol mx VV A.OllONHV-V3 D1
1JD~(llio(j Dfl ~xniDAnQ lt ~lrtXJ SC)1ll ·SnJH1'(1X SU)A Slt1 '91\1
OJ OIVVV<I-~DI -1Xllllll '9X1mdJ mx So1AO'('()rl n01 ~1iog lt113~Jilltw ue lio
-1Alfi}dJD li ~lllD Jlml, 01 mx Sgm 01 JrliWD().3AX1AU Su mx
AmJilliwmi MDl DlrlQ"&J mo UO<,;J1 Sm1i9 3linorlt?Q1~1ll Sy

61 I JOZ O.L VdO<PVNVUt! H">IIVO ,a, V'VV!"'n ::<: V 8 V0 LI ::<: Hd.LHl"'H'V 81

20 t.HMHTPHI f!OABAI 'IMAi\A ''E" OAIKH ETIANA<f>OPA TO 2011 21

ve~ fLE n~ rrA.av11nx£~ XLvijon~ T11V rroA.moruxij rroA.mon- Mu811[LC!TLXO~, f1EAET110E Tl~ O.XO.VOVWTE~ 8£oct~ TWV
xij C!AA6. XC!l T11V \VUXLXij OuJ[lC!TLXij JtO(!ELCl TOU av8gciJJtOU. ;( OA UClQl8f(WV JtO.(lCl8UQWV TOl! XUXALXOU TOLXOll, flE T11V
0L'EAA11VE~, ywtC 8£0JtOLY]OCl[LE TOU~ JtAC!VijTE~ xm l;oij8na Yrroicoywtij, xat bterr(otwoc 6tt 11 Casa
'(LC!TL TOU~ JtE(!L~6.ACl[lE [LE OUyXEX(!L[LEVE~ LClLOT11TE~, TC!11T0- Ricognata ijmv £va~ Aotgovorux6~ Yrroicoywtij~ Exrr),11-
011[LE~ fLE aut[~ twv OA.iirtmwv [togcporrmijoHiJv tou~; lmxij~ axgtr'leCa~!
EQrtii~, o wxulig6rw~! AcpgoliCT11, 11 rr6tvw 8e6. TOll YrrcA.6ytl,e n~ H£oa~, n~ XLvijoa~ xm n~ cpa a a~ -rwv
'Egona! AQ11~, o tQDfLEQ6~ Oe6; tou rroA.£rwu fLE 1011~ 1\iio I D,av11tcilv ax6rt11 xm amcov (0l'(_lClv6~, IIoOELOciJv,
ouvoooii~ tou, tov ~eCrw xm tov <f>6~o! Kg6vo~, o rrav- 11.1\out(J)V) JtOl! XClVOVLXii Oa EJtQEJTE va TO\J~ ijtav ayvw-
6art6.twg! Ougav6~, 0 ELQ11VOJtOL6~! KaL r)£~ma 0 ~(a~, 0 <rrot! ECvm r1£r1ata 6n o 1c6yo~ JtOll m Avaooai:,L (~o118o{J­
JtC!VTObiJVCl[LO~ ~C!OLAEU~! ILEVOL C!JtO tal!<; O.QXClLOu<;'EAA.11VE~) Cl0XDA11811XO.V t6oo [LE
Me £vav 6yxo 1.300 cpog€~ f<Eyaic{mgo T11~ Y11~, [LE TOU~ IIicavijn~. eCvm yw.tC cxvn1cijcp(111XO.V 6n rrona
€vav rrugijva arr6 ictoJfLEVo oC011QD, [LE rua rt6.sa l1YQD1J yeyov6-ra Jt0\1 rrgcxyrwrorrotii811xav 0111v f11, 6rrcoc;
uogoy6vou XC!L [U(( cmcp6.vew OO[l0li[LEV11 arr6 scilvE~ LEW[toC, KamxicuorwC, EXQijt;w; HcpmotCwv, Ol'YXQOVC~
vecpwv (Zeii~ - NccpEA11YEQEn]; xm Zeu~ - KeA.mvcii~;) t,ovtav [tE ouyxcxgt[tEvc; ITico.v11nx£~ ouoxnCoa;. EC vm
uligoy6vou XC!l 11ALOU, xm liovoU[LEV11 cm6 Ol!V£XEL~ 11AE- ;n0av6 6n eCxav r)QEL (ij f(ijrrw~ TOU~ ELXE Oo8eC;) EVC!V
XTQLXE~ Dtxevwou; (Ze11~ - Kegauvw~;), [tE E1;mgenx6 l:iivc'icorto, avartwa o-rcx nicav11nxa ourtr-lavm xm ow.
TClXUtC!T11 JtEQVlTQOcpij, [LE EVCl TEQ(WHO [LCl'(V11tLXO JtEiiLO, fijL vo. ycyov6ta.
60% TOU Ol!VOALXOU OAWV t(!)V JtAC1V11TWV TOU llALClXOU 2:iirtega rroAA.o( £motiif!ovc~ mote1Jouv 6n urragxct
[lCl~ OUOTij[LC!TO~, 0 ~(Cl~ EJT11QEClSEL 6, Tt XL VEL TC!L [LEO <X o' TETOlO~ 2:uvliEO[LO<; XC!l EQ£\JVOUV EL<'\tx£~ Cll!ClXETLOEl~ tWV
Cll!TO XC!L ELVC!L 0 QU(1[LLOtij~ 111~ LOOQQOJtLCl~ TOU. IIAC!V11tcDV, QJt(l)~ ELVC!L Ol l:iivoom. ITWTEUOUV 6n xarrmec;
'Eva arr6 ta mo aouvij\hota egeCmcx nov Avaoo6st, arr6 ClutE<;, Ol!OOUJQEliOVtCl~ Cl8QOWTLXU fLEYUAE~ fLClYV11tlXE~
A.tyetat Casa Ricognata. OL Avcwo6st x6totxot T11~ 0\JVCl[LEL~, 8a [L1tOQOUOClV VCl lit£YELQO\JV fllCl JTCl'(XOClf(ta;
A[Le(_nxij; arr6 cxgxmot6tcov xg6vwv liev EXOliV xcxrtCa XALfLClXCl<; XC!TClOTQO<:pij. ECVCl( O[LW~ liuvm6v xan TETOW;
avOgcorroicoyLxij ox£011 [LE tOll~ egu8g6bcgrwu~ xm Tou~ ElVCll Ol!VC!TOV rricavijte<;, EXCltOf(fLUQlCl XlALO~lEtQC! [lClXQLCl,
I8cxycvcC~ t11~ B. xm N. ArtEQtxii~- Mey6A.ot ArtEQLxavoC va aoxouv tEtote~ ouvaf!ct~; To rroliJto rrou 8a rro£rra va
~ '
EQEUV11TE~ rtemt;ii autciJv xm o avOQw:n:oJ.oyor; Paul EQEl!VijOO\J[LE, yta VCl ClJtClVtijOOl!fLE OTO EQWT11f1Cl, ElVCll
Smith tovr; 0£wQouv EA-AHNE:E! To xux1ctx6 oxiirw rrm6~ e( vm o II1caviit11~ f!Cl~ xm rrm6 eCvm ta cuaCoA11m
111~ £xave et; agxii~ TOll<; AgxmoA.6you; va uJTo\Vt6sovtm O\JOt1'jf!at6 wu, rrou 8a ~trrogouoav va E1t11QW08ouv.
6n XQ110LfLOJtmoiivtav oav AotegooxorreCo. 0 mwtiirtwv H rll TQEXEL ClTO ~lUOT11[LCl fLE 30 XlALO[LETQCl TO 1\nm-
T11~ NALA, Morris Tsatelain, AotgocpuoLx6; xm QOAEJttO XC!l tO.UTOXQDVCl 1tEQlOTQECfJETCll yugw arr6 tov
lwqn:u lt 5m:U9 '5lt1iDAI}(/ 5~xronm~J 5ltyl)A31i 5nni Ltoltxo9 - 9wx Ltw1il9 oD91 10 'AmA9ilX "m991'(1X ~I -o I SnJX1'(lt
Lt 319.1 ·5Lt1 591\0~9 r101 ~dJOOlD111\Xl mx Ltri91-m ~ ltD11C91 '8I}OriDW Dl\] OAl):U AOlD DO]ri 3Klt8]0~j 'DJOlt£J1I l\lt1I
-Xll31i 3ri '5lt1 ~:UOOWI\D l\lt113D]'(DX001! Xll\ 1DX 'ltj lt 1DI\)3 ·nil
rlOl.C 5DOJDrDO 5lt1 D)l£000001 Alt1 130930lt1!3 Dl\ A91DM(/ -Jri~D 91ID ltDArl81}31(/ ~X11300rDD1(/ S<;J'(311\3 3D 1\))1~ Sl)OOS:
1DI\)3 ao:u 5oo9£J 0101511 91xo:un 'rto,\.91£ 5oxA9 591rlD So11o 0 'D1A90X S3Ql)1'(1X 5]'('(01! A101£ '5D£Jl)'( Slt1 5~1(\)) I}OriD
- 9 011 o 'ml\ 9 oX S1q 9 1'(1X ~T-O pe 9 x 119 1D13~JA0'(01I}.. -11nriltXD C\01 ~tXOl£3 Alt1 119 miODO]liliC\D 010 3~lt '(]1DX
"DO]ri 3EJ9X SrlOI\91 D10I}riri01DX3 Z/l z
91DK 131\ '5mA09rD1'(D)[ Slt1 uilSid OlD 'SD£)9'( nri<;JOlD 30 C\OO~Q1D
-9~'1D SoA9:u o S91r1\f ·~x11KOD11\\f 1\ltlD 'aoA9:u ~dlilori 30 AmJilori Am1 Sl}orio11miltXo Sam SmA<;J13'(3ri WOJlSJMO'l
1Dl3KOJO£J Sltj Slt1 1}0031\ I}OKil'(A (101 %06 01 D0311~:r JlB:J SoA9'(m3A 0 ·1019 D!Al):U Am~ A3Q 119 1D13AJD<P
·Slt(/J1i3'(311\D ll SD(/1\C)ll\13riD1£3 jD(/J~m: Lt 13AXJ3q r<OlL J3XJ D1A91I 1\Dl~ Sl)OOS: o 119 m
o dVWH NOINVVV3 91(/01031! ow JrltnoA] Snm9 10,\.9:u 9009: 1\01 Dll\l)l! 13AX)3q DQJ~mr lt 119 3rirl.OI}31D11I 10'(0,
10 I\1}0()011DliltXo 1\ lOlL 'ltoltdl9ilAmilnX ~lK1Xiln Ain 31\DK) .M)lXD'(lJ J\(1)1 iWltl\JX AltlD
50101!9)[ ·Ltolt,\.~~3 ~K1AO'( DJri OA9ri 't)l(/3 IK 13X091IJ.. j530(/ S1301\I}QDil£)1m ~ 51JOAI}XD111I3 J1i 'Sltj Slt1 ~dJ001D1031!
-9onX mx nnirpo:u Sum9 '5313o]rio11C3'( 5]K1dmill,o:um Aluo mx 53X~8AC\O 5;JK1ilmx Suo J)0(/11L3 mx D13I.O;JA31(/Dd
5310ri9 31i '01!91 01(/J 1\01 St)l£)10XD 13~)1\0X131LD 'DM)llD mx D1(/J1D1im:r D0319001031I 13mi;J:UK3 501'(H, o 31l).L ·SLto
rw~ I ll01 S19d 1om 5Lt1il9X o Sani9 1)[ ·nAnl-09 1JK1dmill, -iln~] 5~XD1'(H Srl0(/91031! 30 1\C\01\ JD~jriao 'l\tllJ10mdllt 513~
-oriono 3ri 'DM)JlD 1\01 A9H1D S1'(9ri 3A1A5J 'M0015J1i Am(/l)1A -~ilxJ mx Sam9 'JOri013& 10'(l)A3ri 119 J3EJltoltmilnl.C 11X3,
-01DX3 1\f!l'('(O:U SltOXJj:u 'SaoA91C Srw1 91ID OllljK 1D13XP ·5jil13oooo 530lt'(K9'(0
-Jil£! ao:u Slj1031D Slt1 ltDI!d19ilA01ilDX H "0'(9ll 0119N ,\ow 13~JlmiltXo mx 910'(cb OJ\ 1~1, 1\01 13M)Jcbilo·rlniln:u 'Srw1
00131CH, m1i 31\DlDJOD:U mx 'SOA<;JlD rlO~] rto1 S]Xiln Sun M)l31il)A11Q Mll 59riOD11QAllO 0 "J01i013I 10 1ll11\I}OA0110
3Klt10l)1(/3XD 'rwmXil9AD1I l10'('(9 oamili,J1AD 1\Dl~l 'nm -11iltq 1019 mx Srto1 r}~Dl3Ji 1D11\Dr)OilxA11I ·ml\ J3 53ri3o~
x
Lwtn'(L"C! 9 mx rw:u ·snd 1il1u am SLt1a 9 S91Dl1li\A o l)OD:u O'('(l) 3()9X 51101 5no~A1X 10 ·5rlOOJ31IH S11 S1101
j,\(Yl'(9lJ 1\Ull SltD11I9W131i Slt '(l)A3ri Sm1i SDJllD ~3 ,OAl)li (YJI\1)1!3 l\110tl]cbD131i 1DX 59JX3MO 1D1M)OI\1X 53)01!0 10 '53X
9X1AO'( 1\Dl~ ll(l 0101}111'))[ ·Smmi)'(X rl01 ~AD'('(D ltri1Al)ll ·l)'(lL S~x1A01XJ.L 1Dli\OA3'( (tolL mmi~1h Zl 10 1D1J301D1(/
nni mx rWJD'(3X M)J1i(ln£) S3(/9XJ(/ S]11xilv l)1DK 'SllJ<> Sltj Slt1 S910'(r!J 0 ·LtoltAJK DJ(/1 30 SltoJm m13KDJil£J Sltj
-nr'lxoriil3EJ Slt1 ltO<;J11I '530()1 53101Xl)'(3 30 'ltri01l)1ID l)'J' Slt1 D13Al)cb1m H ·rwl ~oltAJX Alt1 MOl£~19 rtol£ 'Mmil)AC\Q
-11301D~3 I\JJ11i l\rlOAXJ3(/ D'(Q_ jDlD1iJ'(K l)1i038 1DX l)K11!0<.ll 53AJ1iD1011\110 1D1AI}OXOD '5011\D:U1i')I 1101 1}01C\D 0)3rilto
3D 1D1M)l1MJWJ (101£ l)1rlcb l)liD A<;J1Qf10'(110'( 1DX 1\C0'('('-''1' 3(ll)X JI jS01AD:Urii}I Snm Sy'(owmq Slt1 LtoltAJX Alt1
mmiliJ3'(01If\ 1\DXltt)}iJ£) fl01 mil)lD OlD lll) lDI\ )3 9X11KIV(" J3EJI10'(0XD S91nD 1X f101! 'Snri DJ~D'(DJ 1\010 DD~ri 1D1)31\1X
-DlDX 911£ 0.1 jJ38XrHI\DlDX '3XJ3 5T•(9ri mx 53'( rlOl.C ltDJJJ" nriltWI}I l)KD1'(H 01 0'(9 mx <;JA3 '01'(H,A01 mx Slt1 9111m

£Z llOZ OJ, Vd0ct>VNVU3 H)I!VO """ VV\11\<' :<:VHYOIJ :<:HdLHWHV zz

24 L'.HMHTPH2 riOABA2 <IMAL'.A "E" Oi\lKH EllANA<I>OPA TO 20ll 25

EVO£ ftETEWQL T11 ~ xm EVCl£ ~lfYUAO£ LElOf\0£, T11V xmaA- q),LCXXCtlV X11Atr'iwv, JtOU VE TT] OELQU TOll~ <'>TJllLOliQYOUV
ATJA11 WQCl xm OTOV XClTUAA11AO t6rro, fJ,ITOQOUV va sEXLV~­ UVUlftlXALE~ OTL£ XLV~OEL~ TUJV TEXTOVLXQJV JtAClXQJV, JtOll 11
oouv TTJV OAT] ow6Lxaoia! o(r·;xgouo~ TOuc; rrgoxcxAEL roue; OELOVOU£. OL cmot~ftOVE£
In£ 5 Matou tou 2000, o'HALO£, o ll.ia£, o Kg6vo£, r'lEXOVTat OTL OL blro Jl:E(lLObOL (tollll.tcx xm TWV XT]ALbwv)
xL o EQ~t~£, dxav axgLfl~ L:i'rvooo (0 ~LO(QE£). I1oAii xovr6 llOV II X(lOVlOV, OEV ELVat OU[lJTHWlCXTLXE£ XL 6n T] rcCa
BQtOXOVTClL 0 AQT]£ (16 [LOLQE£), T] AcpQOii( TT] (I 0 llOLQE~) r)T]~lLOliQYd TT]V UAAT]. Ot TEQ6.atLE<; WlYVTJTLXE~ xm Bngu-
XL n LEA~VTJ. Mta r6oo llEyaAT] ouyxf.vtQWOYJ rrAavnnxwv XEVT(lLXEc; bllV6ltELc; TOll LlLCl, EJTLO(JOUV OTT]V XLVT]OT] TWV
rmt;wv Eivm rroAu orr6.vLa. H rrqJLo6Lx6Tnt(1 TTJ~ Eivm UE(lt<'Dv TT]c; 11Atexx~~ ErrtrpexvECcxc;. A liT~ Tl]V cpoga 6rrroc;
aftcptlcEy6wvn. Karrowt ~tL),oi'rv yw WQLXE~ cxaTOvTa<~E<; one; <'lllvawt~ amf.c;, rrgoottrlfvTm xc cx£iVE~ wJv 6:\.Awv
xg6vLa. Et;agratm o.rr6 nc; <J.vox£~ nov ftOLQr!Jv. A Hat ID,exvT]triJv. Tu exrrotEHovma bEv ElVCXL arcwex ogma. H
f'\Ef)mwvouv 6n n L:uvo6o£ ftE tauT6onrcn axoif)Etn rrnga- nbgavELO. TT]~ TEQlXOTLCX~ rcat;exc; TOll HALOll, u;wAoyit;ETm
TTJQeirm ftOVO xa!:le 6 XlALUr'i£~ XQOVLG! To cpmv6[l£VO 6n Ocx XQEtexoOE( I 0 JtEQtJtOll v~vE~, yLu vex cx6n),ciJo£L nc;
yivnm nx6ftn mo orravw, yLmi 11 f11 rrmr Bgioxnm OTTJV 6rrmcc; rxvnbgcw£tc; rnc;.
i<'\La ElJ!:JEtG ~lE OAOU~ ClliTOll~ TOll£ Jl:AlXV~TE£, £ivm ~l0V11 11m£~ Oex ELVCXL cxuTf.~; Kav£vu~ r'lcv yvwgCt;a! M6vo
rn~ o£ £vn r61;o 270° ucpou xm arr6 TOlle; urr6Aomouc; 3 nxaoC£~ btmurrwvovnu! Kan mCvovE~ cp~ftE~ xm xan
rrAuv~rec;, o Ougav6c; XL o I1oow'lriJv f-lgCoxovtm OTOV JtEQLEQYEC: OWlrrtlOOEL~ El VCXL (l)(lTOOO, ClVT]OUXTJTLXE~. AEVE
Ybgox6o xm OliVErrroc; <'lEv urri'xow rrrxgcmavrJI un6 90°. 6n TO Hw.gol,6yto Twv Mayw OTuvcmi OTO 2000. ITo
LX£cptdTE TO ),tyaxL. '0AOL OX£66v OL JtAClV~TE~ (0 2000, AEVE 6n tEAttciJVEL XL T] XQOVOA6yT]011 rrou rrgoxu-
I1Aoiirwv rrou fogCoxnm mov L:xogm6, EXEL JTOAU ftLXQ~ rrtEL urr6 n~ <'lwoTaocL~ rwv c'iLar'ig6vmv T11~ MEyUATJ~
Mat;n xm aftEAT]tf.a ~myv11nx~ mir'lgaon) xm 6AEc; oL I1ugurcC6a~ OT11V fxCt;a! T6oo oL MayLa~ 6oo xm oL
JW'(VT]TLXE~ buVUfJ,Et<; TOll T]ALGXOll OUOT~fJ,atOc;, OTQLf\UJY- Aty1mnoL r'ldxvouv tvu "vnaBexnx6 ota<'ito" 10 nwv
[lEOL OE EVCl t61;o 90° (1/4 TOll XUXAOU), 0 ~ALO<; XUL OL 7 wot£ vex EQOEL to rrA~Qwvex wu xg6vou 6rrw~ xaQuxtgt-
UiiO UliTOll£ OE [lLCl OXE66v £118£Cu (tO 90% TWV foaQUTL- onxa uvmpEQOllv ora LEQU ~tBACu touc;. A ut6 rrou EQXETat
XlllV bliVU~lEWV) XClL 11 fT], [10VT] tT]c; OE EVUV ClXClV~ OXETLX6 ELVUL TO "0E"Cx6" exut6 JtOU (-)ex cpE(lEL TO 8ETLXO TO XUAO, Ol
xwgo 270° (3/4 tou xuxAou). LE £va ouoTT]~ta LOOQQOrr(a~ MayLex~ ft6Atota fUAoiiv ytex exutou~ rrou 8u cp£gouv rraAL
6uv6.llEWV, ClVClAOyLOTELTE JtOOl] UVLOOQQOJtta r'iT]llLOUQYEL- to <l>Ql: ytati dvat <l>Ql:. Av 8uvn8ouf1E n OTJftULVEL
TaL! H OliXVOTT]TCl lXUTOU TOll cpGLVOfJ,EVOll UJtOAOyCt;nm OE EA rotE o(yougu OL EIJ.IIAON dvm mi lh)Qat~! Av OL
14.000 XQOVLa! liJtOAOYLOftOL ELVCll OWOTOL, 11 Jt(l01]YOU[LEV1], rrexg6[10Lex
0 ll.Ccxc; XUVEL flLCl T]ALUX~ JtEQLcpoga xa8£ 11 XQOVLCX ouvoboc; E'(LV£ JtQLV 14 XLALME~ XQOVta. T6tE JtEQLJtOll
mgcrroll. 11 xgovLa ecvm xm 11 rrEgCor'lo~ r.r;a 0 o11~ rwv XUTex\jluX811XE TO Mu[LOU8 TT]~ LLfJTJ(lLCl~ ftE ta tgomxa
-D'(U(/ 13AIJlChA3X1ll3 '9X11UAD'(ll 1DAJ3 119 1D13EJJ10llit AD1iD rtOlL 1).01i01ADA00 (\01 UOrtXOJA3 lt 1DX DJ3llD03Q lt '31Dl0'('(\i
-1'(1)>1 01 4 91XD'(rti!J 01 1'(1)lll S;JOOi!J 53'('(\i "(,,roo4wcnoon ·So109x 01 r;>x11Amilto 13~r;>~J3lnx rtoll '51108)'( Srtorl
Allri nA mA. 9X'(DX roryooi!J DA 13ll)Oll nor;> 'Soili}D.L 1miJ3..) -1li}'(01L Srtm mlc SmJ0111( 'Aanr;>wnmxmw r;ono ltolt'(x
Sr101 SDJJA.n. Slt1 ltomorymx Alll 13~JOOEJDX OA91i mx 91rtD -9'(0 mrl 13X01;)llll 51)1QDX 'ltD!}'( J3Q30tJ DA )300llli 9111ll ,1A
119 D;JC/1 lt 1D13'('(r;>~Jollrt ml01ry ow mx 01(/IJ.l~ 9XD1'(lt 01 1DX 'Sinrln '"llOl UlL)Dl lt 13AIJlXUD 01 AD 1DA)3 DlXl£1)\J ml
1DA )3 0104110x 01 C!JC/3 :mll191tJooxmi 1DX D)3Art lXJlAOXO -Ul!Jl03 O.L . A1;)1A11Jl£1i 3n ',\91/JAil(/ 1DAJ3 All 1DX 9D110X 9llD
-9llrt rtoll '01(/IJ.l~ 3EJr;>X mA. DA;J '·llyx mmirynirt8 'mA.rym Solt-J4Ano - mllt1in9X oko'(r,>An 01 13D)OOi!J DA poomi '01'(R
'mmi4rioox r;>X1(/13 'r;>1Xn'(rti!J m/, 13(! 313X;J A3(/ S130JrlltdJ OAj)liOUA3QOD~3 AlJA) 13J,lJ10ilOOD1L Ori011;) 01 nrl/m(/lJODll
-Dl(! 5309U 'D}lcOX00(/03X Altl 31i 1DX - Dl01'(r;>rl D031 JDl(/1 mlc ',\V ·rto)(/3ll I}OXUllAkmi mx Sxmko),\3 S9.\0JAD 1DAJ3
- l)l'('(D 'D13EJ1)>1inilt AU1 3ri OA9ri 1X9 UO)XO ltmrlry SIJl'(Di!JOn I}Oi!JD T~XUUAOD 4 l)X113(-) Olll1lO(-JAl) AOl MlOJ,lJ30UJI3 D'(Dl)rl
13XJ rtoll 'uooqx 9 su1 uA 3n,nx)_n'(x3 AU1 :ryort3'(ll 4xnx D1 119 13i\)D1ilto 9hl \{ 'DliO)(/ OlD AIJ.O:U:1i<10XD Dr\ 13:U:)01L
mrl mx 13Xjl 'Sol1i9 'I}Orl01ADA00 rt01 ltortXOJA3 Altl mx lll!t l!DDO(/Jll3 A110X) DA m!. 'Snni9 '11011: 'A(l)ll)liltrloox sti!Joorl
-U'(90ll Altl 'DJ3llD03EJ Ul D1A UDlAA)OOOJI (lJAl)ll:D<lDll H lt1 Jli 1D1Ai}OlOllOli1oltoX SilJ()YAIW 108)'( 10 mx D'('(Dl)li
'"OA90)[ AOl J3X10l011AD ltoll SO(/\Jrt'(91i o mx Sm:u9 D.L 'll'(X r\(l)1l)1i lll)c3 dJ D 'r\l)l:L'ilnx 'MJA 1)10\) A(l)09•i!J D1 (/
'0Art(/AJX11:3 D031JD1(/1 1DAJ3 'SoortAOr;>O(/rt o '09XOO(!X mx ,\lllQ)'( AIDl 'A(1J'('(f,l131l AOll nno4o~J lt1 31i SrtOl 4Dll:U:
A010 J3X101011AD rtOll O'('(D1)1i 01 119 'DnA 13(/r;>ODll -900001~3 lt 1Dl)3013X1ll3 'rtori9m 1101 npX1010 DlDM}(/D
DlA '31J31i!J3XO - 10Ail(/AJX1ll3 lJX11301D~p MlOtJOllD Dr\ m A,:o 8Amiltmll3 IJ.o·mv :u 811o'( 9 xn u s9nnDilA. s3x1A3A.
ADDI}OOOl!li D(-J J01iOUD1iD013ll 10 '9X1(/13 A010lllJX 3D 13/, 30 1DA)3 ltn1AA]D001l ltn3rl'l,l H ·Ltmkk;JOOO:u: ltmrllijl m1i
-l}i!JDlDX DA 1DAJ3 Oll311}'(DX 01 91<1D ,1A 'DO)li D'(U'('(1;)1DX mx Lwollil) xmi I}Drim,\nkoo no1 llOitXD)A3 Alll mx ltljtlt '(901£
D1 13~)'(1ll3 DA 1DX 9X1lll3XO Ol 9111D 13D4(Jrt0'(0XDOD1: Aln 'llJ3:u:nil30 lu mk J310ll01iJOltoX Y,x1aw)_oowv H
DA 911\D Dnj!EJ 01 Jn 50A)li(l)JJX10~3 1DA)3 A3(/ !lOll AOAJ3Xl ::s: O,LO )[:S: m Mwo4a(l)1iu
D1A O'(OXOI}(/ lJ13XOD 1DAJ3 'DD;Jli D1(/) D1 3li D1D\JJtJ 1llAlJL' lJ,\ mi. .. V3, 10 AI}Of)X1rJm D() AYJ19 A0lllC)la()AD A0l1 50A)k
'" 1Dl3'('(9tJ.. rtOl ll14AD'(ll rt01 ltortXOJA3 Altl 3rl Jj(-JU1LOi1 OlD UOi}'( AU11300lQ :S:VNHVV3 0 NLJIVV)[X3'V 0 1'(l)ll
-0001~3 DA J300l!ri 011}01 'rtO)ll0'1(000(1) C\O)'(f)3A3A rt01 liJ mx Sam4w ·u,ft9A3 mAJ3 S91ion'(xnwx o mx .. 11oA9ax
-4AD'(1L 59A3 1DX U14AD'(1L D1AOAI}D'(31(/ 59A3 I}~D13n 4 Oll' 1101 minJ04'(ll, 01 no;rA xJ m13XilJ l)Xl'(31 S(l)l!4W :m1
-9X00011J 01'(mA3Ic 010 Al)llUAll'(l£ 01}(/ I}~Xl131i DJAnJA 4xm -3Al)\:J1iD'(DAD:t:J DJaOlOJ lt 5(1)1L4JA.! i50AOJJ'(DXit3'V 1101 lDX
30 1Dl3'()3dJO SD13A)EJOD Sltl OA3rl9X3(/A3 01 1'(1)>1£ AV ilOI.I}Ic(J ll01 'ilOAl)QODV llO.L '53Altn3, 10 AI100)dJDAD r\Oll
'4XUll1i03'(3101£ll 110DJ~3 '53AOn4(/13 10 ArlO ' Si)OliOI\ '{XDlDX Si\O'(l)k31i SllOl A110JAO'(Ollrt S)lUAI1303 JO'(
-10ll100llrt S<Dl£0 'mx lt~Wl£D" llX11iOAOx1o OllD lt11D001£
/ / / "'
/
Oil' -'(o:u 'iWllJ03:t: 119.1 iS4xuxamAV Slt1 SoA.r;>ll Soongo;r:u:11
(l '(01£ 1DA)3 S)dJ001 5j)X11rtdJ Su mx DAD19\J n10 1Dl3~JOlu" o mx 1XllJ3kanoniltq-m(l)Oll nA JmXol) 319.1 iXllC/1}0'(<10'(

a llOZ Ol VdO<I>VNVU3 H)[!VO ,a, VVVLA!r r ZVHVO!l Zl-IdlHWHV 9l

 .. ,.OTID9X 01A90it0,. i\010 D1D\:J;Jfj 1D1AOA9AD 53JO:UO 10 '~X
mx ~lD).(l}A3 '9x1XOD10rlX 13Ayx i\01 rlO:U '~00011L3 D131A
-DOD1Xl1Q lu AI}010QOOit:U itO:U i\(l}301}3'{31Q i\(l}1 513090Q11L3
-93'{ mx ~Xm'{lt ~ilnXm yx1'{ot)il3:Url mri nX;J So1o:uyx 5(l}:u
Su mx Sluo9X So1'{fl;JA3A o 13AXJ3Q rw:u 513D;!8Xl1QOO:u Suo
'DriA.11qyilxm mA. '3rinoo;~eo:un Sy ·r1o1 SDJ3A.n Sll1 mmi~'{g
mx 'orio9x 9X1'{r1 AOW nm ~(l}~ lt1 mx ori019 01 90odm
-OO:U D1 91itD 91LD DD}TI 130~01\DlDX DA 1DX '1101 S5J1lt191
no:u 'Sm3ka;JA3 SltA;JriA.Dommq Slt1 Soqp ow DD31i9AD DJA
-DAn<,? Sumx y'{'{D 'r101 53J1iDArl<,?D 51113<,? DA '011L9XDOO(l}
-O'{DAD 13Xo9:un '5o1AD:urir,w mx no:ugJOflAD 5mlt19A3 Slt1
01 91LD DD;Jri 1101 91rlD3 i\01 D0311} '{DX 1JD)OUJAA DA orimy
5~XoD 5lt1 lto9g 1191!0 ·~XDommq ~xm3ka3A3 mri mA J3
01 yeltog ~x101Xl).oilwv lt 'CJlQ3 ·stwomilyoA3 SllA3ri
Xl13A;JflDD 3fl9X lton '{9AD D)Xllr\3'{31 3D 119 D03TI~D AI}OO
-10X3XA.no Slt1 ,.l}o:uoxo .. nm ~ ,.r101i9oc;,. no1 Slton3AXJAll
-(l}38 JO'{'{OIJ ·5nOQ983ri 55JX11il3:UD038 5;JKl'{OWAYJ mx 009
DD;!TI D1 9:Ull DA;J 1DAJ3 DJAO'{OOlDll lt 'D0319X1A3A 1DX D'{'{D
'ltmA!c;JDOO:LC ~X11D1'{D\:J\Jnx Alt1 0091 5mi noA 010 '5lto):t:3
'~1rlD ltD(l}l:t:J03:U Alt13: ·Sow,oooy 1DAJ3 DA SoA.9'{ m:u
'MOAO;Jcb DA00X91nm C)JA3 '5~K10m1Xnrjc mx SDJAO'{oXrcrlc
11Xily:ur1 Dfl 3Q '13AYX 01 AV ·m1J3'{DXO:UD Sl}oilmx ymx
5ltAooXA.I}D Slt1 SnOQ983ri 53X101DJ1AD 511 3ri DJ3X101D
SgJ1'{'{D 5(l}:U9 ~ 1101 591r1Xl3 S003l()lAD 0 'SrlOl 5~~1'{;!~3
9A10X 9'{'{0:U MOX;J 10(/0fl;!TI (l},\91LDOD:U 10 'A(l}3TIYMCI
Slu 01Q;JXD 01 131}300AD:Un rl01 S(l}:U9 101;! 13A JA llA ilOA;!ri
A()lX1lllAD'{l: i\(l}A]1iltA3(iDD~3 Afl}1 ltoaXDJA3 AlllD 1D1,\
-13xoo:LC 'yilocb1il3:urir1o D13:U5JMD ywx mx llD91D 13~9'{'{ll
··0~91103 D(i <10:U '59riD1AO'{Xl1(/ 0 mx 591iD11DTIDOO 59X1138 DA 1D1 )3'{DX S~A38DD 0 'll)D(l}AA01(ll) ll0311} '{DA31i 3D o:u
0 Ml.OD~8ltO~) DA '5ltDJ1L3 'MJ-OOO:UTI r;JC/3 . AUJA910f! ~ A(l}fj)'{
-OJ08AY i\01 130~1-l.tQO llA m.\ 1ll13AgJ'{ltQX3 rlO:U ~XDOD1Xl1Q
'M1l'{'{9131i ltolt JO:umi1oltoX lt1 S'o:u9 DD;Jri yxmooqnoD:u m
mri ~QD'{llQ 1D1)300l3(] '01D)Xl'{:U 00319X1A3A llA;J 30 DD]li
mx 13J3'{XO:UD DA D1D\J;J£) S)O(l}X 'Syoodl103:Urino D:Ul1190:U
1D1 J31380:U01 Xl13A)t)Dll lt 1)lQ3 'ltD1l..klDOOl! ~X1lil3:UXJ03t)
mx S313fl~Mw 13~9'{'{D DA 11o~elto\:) A01 D8 'r1.01 S11091 53A
lt.oJriti\1 ll mx 'Sani9 '11Xoy1m ~x1o1XJ)_oowv Alt:t:;:
-9A.oooA Su o:u9ih 9X1A.onmriltq 1ri 13Dr;JA01X3 DA mx y'{'{fl
'13£)9'{
'13D~:UOOOOD1~3 DA Xl1A DD;Jli 13A )3100:U n01 D8 ·milllDi)ll
Df) itOlC AgJ'{rlO~)TirlD i\Ull ll)llJ1:U01~D All1 DlA J38(l)1D£)3£)
1101 9XD13AAXJ1<,/(JXJX OlD 00319A1'{ 1DX l101 S~(l}~ lt0910 ltw
DA 13:UJ0lf Dfl '~X101D),001DV All1D 13.\l}dJDllJX DA 13~
00319DD103:U 1D113XA;J milt'{fJ901L 01 119 13\:JY'(XllDX DA 1DJ<
-;J'{11L3 So1o:Uyx AD '9111XJ ,1J '53A11QAJX1:U3 ll031JD1Q1 MJ08X
ltoltey:u ltA;Jri1ox3xl,no ltw 1ollA.~qo A01 no:u yoocb1o3:u1in"
-13<,/0:UD llA AI}OOO:Uri '5(0TI9 'lt0119013X ltw '~'{ogo:unenD
lt '{lt '{'{91DXD Altl 1DX DJ11D ~x1Xr1rjc All1 13(/ DA 13AYX AO I
lJ. 130;JdJDOO:U DA 13D)001£ri 11'9 9lfD 591X3 'DTID3'{;!10lfll
DA 13D~emwoo:u D8 ~X10W)_oowv H ·nriA.nildJ1i? ow ,, .. 9X1lil3:UD038 lJ,\;JADX MOX;J Dt) 3Q ltD(Dllf)Chl! lt0311}'{DX
-~'{mDx Dfl S(l}DJ mx mmi~'{goil:u yxm1Umqilnx 'SoX/d'
Alt1o 5nol}nono'{:unoJ:un 10 S5J111n S3'{n ·,101 ~(l}~ lt1 mx
13D~1XO:UD Xl8 'S3)Xrl10:UD 9:UD yo13D mri - AgJAO'{U
01i01y OA5J1i10X3x.\rw 01 ml- S9111n Sll1~AXJ'{:U o 13~JD:U ao:u
I

AOJA;ni'{DdJD3 rl01 A()JX1<,/ 1DX ~ - A(l}301}3'{31<,? AgJX11ltAil

0'{90 OlD llJDDlilto D)TillX 'OD91D(D '5D1AOAJQ llri - ltl~AD'{:U
>•

5DJ11D~3 SmAOAr;J1\J 'orimy OA;Jri10X3XArlD o~ ·o~OCI9Y' 1,

aoX10lDJAD no1 531ll191Q1 5;~xu3A03113 Su orimy ow ~q
6Z llOZ Ol Vd0<l>VNVU3 H)!!VO ,.3:, V'VVf~' >
:l:VHVOIJ :l:HdlHWH'\7 8Z
Lt1~AD'{:U: ao1 SltD(l)cD09'rlmq DJDDX1qmg Lt1 "&llDX Sam ~oo o 5o1(,>J o 'A(1)1J?TI(1)1~n mx AgJXon ltolto<;J38DAD ~xomq
-011!3 AltlAIJOXDD 'D031J0(l)l\ J38lt/.Oa01Tilt(,' 1\aOX;J ao:u: 'A<;J1 Lt1 91rn D05Jll 'Sam S1311t9:u:n S313(J)1i\D "9X1013'rlmq 51}oomx
-ltAD'{:U: 1\(1)1 "9X11D10lt1XDODX Dl mx S31lt19191 10 '~(,>D'{lt'\7 "9lDX Su mx 53)1\(l)d:Jmq Sam l}~n13'rl Su 91LD DO?Il ·SLt.t
·Lto(l)X0"9DA3 ltAmr)l08AD Jl0109X3 Alt1 mx S<;J8llX 'A0'{'{9~) S0'{?1 010 A0'{'{9TI 9'{'{D 'A<;J1lt.tlt~nAn 1\(1)1 Sni.I.D'{J?cb Slt1
-1031! 01\1~/. 01 mx 13DJI.llOcDD 13X5J '513D9dl 3D 1Dl)3'{3111!3 ~Xon Alt10 1D11\0XOJOtJ 3(,> '00910(1) 'S9'rl3 91ID 5DA5J(JllX 0
ao:u: 'lt '{I} AltlD Sogo99X H · )011\D:U:liiJD 59A3 SJXOn Su mx JlD(l)'{'{J? S(1)1r9 'mJ(J~'{ll Alt1 Soou A9QO ,9nx S<;:~xomq
a01 no:,ni 130?cb 'OTI01"9 38"9X 1DX "9'{'{ll 'Sltl~Ml'{:U: 389)[,. Lt'rl9xD 1DAJ3 S3Ao'rl~lD11£3 10 119 3'rlaooJ'rla8A3lla Sn '91nn
·Sao11}~D13TI13X0"9:U:a rtoll ,.m3A;JI.I.ao,. lt ~1an Sc;J\J OJ3TiltO 013: ···Ltl\1}8a3 ~X113XO 38J?X r101 (l)AJ?ll 9llll 130)30
-10XD 1DAJ3 lt~Olllll} ltA11ll}l08AD Altl Aa0~"930ltll3 Dl\ - aOTID -oun DA mi. mx S(l)OJ - 5(l)OJ ·~xon A38UlAJ? m'rl Jo ao1 ~en~
-OX90XDTI am Saoo;J'rl Sen - OA9'rl1X9 mx 1\0l)(,'(l)~ 1\0ll '1\<;:11 lt10 MOl\JD(j'rino D09 13/.9/.DI\D Dl\ a01 DJTI1l(J13 ~DXD1(,' lt1
-lti\D'{:U: A(l)l 'A(l)lJ?TI(l)D 1\0lJADOao 1\(1)1 mlt191DAil(,' lt1 )31. mx aO:U:<;J08AD aoAooXI.<J-o ao1 SoX/.9 01 91rn 9om.r 1\ilo~
-lt~J ao:u: ~gn'{Ltq Ltx~8Aao H ·Anxlt8~/.oao1'rlltq ao:u: o:u:901 -J?I.ltu A3(,' mx 5?X1i\o'rllt1Dm31li\D 1DAJ3 S~X101DJ.001DV
A01 9:u:n 13900o:u:n ao:u: n'rl/.90:u: 'mo'rl9on:u: 1DAJ3 Sao1 Slt1 Am3ll5JMO J?lDx mx SnJI.O'{OOlD\f Slt1 51Jift91ID 10
,.~DD101}D,. lt 1DX C:JI\3 '101i9A 101(/J 10 MOi_tXD1 0<}9 Sr1010 '53AOTI~Q13 10'{'{9 10 1DX JOX10ad:J001DD 10 MOi\)D03ll1illO
mx 9't'tll 'So'rlox9oxn'rl o So'rlo9x o <;Ji\3 '501ioox9oxni 'S(l)i\?TIOlltf ·S;JOX1TI '}'{Oll llOJ?ll 1DAJ3 - ltA~'{33: lt1 5(l)OJ
0 1DAJ3 501!(1)0 81\9 0 '~XOll ltA?TI10X3X/.ao lt1 3TI DI\OlcDTI'}:I ltD30Jll~3 3TI - 1\'}0XOll !lOll 513TIJ?A11(,' S5JX1lll0ll(j 10 I}OcDD
·~X11300cDD1(,' 1DAJ3 lll\ J3001!li ltD(l):U:I}1D1Q lt 1DX AD 'Sltl SllOXJOlDX Sam mx ltJ Lt1 J?X11Amilto MOOJ?30ltli3
'mmi/.9(/ "9X1031(l)D1 DAO~J3TI Dl D'{9 30 "9'{'{D '<J-OTIOUltTIOtf DA A<J-000111i A3(,> mmicpo lllAJ?Oao ll'{'{J? m mx S31~AD'{li
ao1 DXlll\ Jll 011\;)(,>I.DODTI:I 910(1)1\/. OlD OA9TI 1ll1"91Alll!D 10 ScnJL Ltiltoll9 ~X1A01ilt1D1ll3 Lt 13X? ltD5J8 ltXODJOax 'AllXlt8
1\3(,' ao:u: ~XOD ',.(1)1"9X 1DX 1Dly 'UlAJ?:U: 5(1)1!9" ~XOD AltlD -gJll13 1DX ADXlt1cb90/. D!l9 D'{9 33: "lt!lltl~~a!l ltA?TI10X3XI.Il!l
1D13~J<lltlil SnJI.OaoniltV 5lt1 Ltolt0c)l38 ~X103l(l)D3 H Lt 1'{J?li mx 3XllfJ<;JOilli(l)~DAD 'OOOZ am lt~10A9 Alu A<;Jllt,,
"J?lllD D'{9 v
-D'{ll 1\(1)1 O(,>OAI}D Ollt9£J103ll Altl mx 666 I llOlDIJOI.a ll01
m/. ltdlO:U:J? a01 ~X1(,' lu 501(/J 0 130J1D1iltXO lll\ lt10C:JAI.llAD ,.90<1lll!l O'{J?I.3TI,. Am ~TIOodm 31i J?X1(,>1R "lllOAI.J? Alt1 91LD
1\010 1D113X9:U:DA3 "1\1}100011!3 AC:JX101DD 1X9 ~ lt~Ollll<} l\ll0~9/.llll aoll S;!'{O\J03lla 003191.1'{ 01 ~ 53JAOTI1DQ1D13(,>
Altl m/. ltljtO:U:9 ~X1031(l)D3 Alt1 Ol1"9X 011! 3Tia01J(JDOllil 1DAJ3 91an Xl'{9 Sum 1DA J3 AD:U:TIIJD m 31i 1D1M_tO'{OXDll aou
:aoO.tA?(,' 59A3 9'rloox 1\010 ltA?TIIt'{'{OY. A(l)A9'rlltw1m A<;JX1l3H A(1)0?100D103ll 1\(1)1 ltl!tou9 H ·ao1
no1 ltl'}TI Lt1 13Xy C)ll\3 '50099 01 oOlt'{X9'{0 13:U:;J'{\J DA ]10J.: 91DAJ?() 01 mx - SOlDJ - mx ll11D<;JOOll Alu 'am DOJO'rl lt1
303cD"91DX 501011 ·Ltolt0gl3(l ~X101Dd:JO D1TI m/. - MOI\9Y. 'OlinlO()AJ? Amo CDAJ?:U: ltDllOQJ1!3 ltD91 MOX;J Dl\ 1\I}OOOliTI
AIU AD - 5ito1 J?13fl"9ll0001! Altl DJXalOllD 30 13~9X1QlllllX 'Sn'riJ?MQ S5Jx1'rloox 10 'Anll'rli}D 01 Smu mJ8~'tll A~Xon
noAJTI13X11AD 5no1 IJOXUO(l),\/. ao1 S9'rloun'rloJxD1DX ,lDX 1DAJ3 i\D J38ltlnJOllAD lll\ SJ3AllX 3!li}0001ITI DG

]£ l!OZ OJ, VdO<PVN\'113 H)IIVO "3" VVVWC J :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWH'\7 0£

H · ,.SIL rhJAI} v SDJ38 .. SlLko'(OJl!lt Smri lLon\Jri]ODl! AUlD 3TIIl0~)0(1)A/, DA 131CJ01C D8 'SDJkOrt011ilLV 5111 DlDOJlC mo
"9X1Drlib I}'(Ol! AD19<;nqol!n 'ooqA~q 3D rwo9:t:D nm. ~1C001 3TII10D~1ll~DAD Alil DA ilOA]n13XOOU 'S3JdlOOn01q1 Soj13XOD
-D13ri lL ~ I}01(/1D1C S9A3 lwlLM]k lL 'Sowri~wno I}OX1kO'( 5(1)TI9 13~"91DI100Dl! 'J3(Jil '{ DA 1DX J38U13'{31i DA J3Cl01C1i
-01\J S9A3 ~rioq 111 Anoo~OAD1DX DA mlL191DAfl(/ 111 ADXJ3 ilOl! milL1~~ DAJ 1XJA)3 'AD1!TI1}3;: OW ~IYJ~ 13X091!11 AD 0~
A3(/ 10:J.C(1)08A"9 10 ll01C 3191 'S;!X01C3 S303191D'(D1C S113: ·s~x1chm s~x11xn't
'1DAJ3 Sl))t)loxD 11mx Sl)):J.C 13~JO(l)AJ, A3(/ no:J.C 11"9X nog DA -'{DA3 S}dlilori 53AooXkl}o 53ri810"9,1'{Dl! 0091 Suo DDJli"9AD
13AX"9rJt DA D1U190311D1(/1 Alu13X] DJOlCO lL 'DJk0'(01\J001DV ILDJ8 mri 13A)<,/ Sl11 11o:u mik"90l! 'D)31!1J03(J IL1 mx IL~tlt '{901!
lL 'S0(/"9'(X S9X1A01iU1011C3 SO;!A SDAJ 1301}'( DA J38 AUlD mx 009 'llocoAk91C? ILw 0091 SJ)X,u1l!3 '13~)3\,'11!3 DA
-D:J.Cooo:J.C nrilL'(ti901C 911tD O'(OXDI}C/ o~ ·SILJ SlL1lLAJ3X3 91CD 13X;! ~X1ChD).OOlDV lL '91rtn D'{9 9:UD 'OD91D(l) 'DO?[J 'DJ3Ail
~X1130ocbmq "9X1k0'(01t) 1DAJ3 DA ~(1)~ ILA1~ka1~3 UA3TII}OllL~ ILA 1:~: 9 1o8AD Auw Srtol ~oDoq 1 m AlLl 31inoosulL\JmillnD DA
-DAD U 9AD811C I}'(OlC 119 1D1AOX;!(/01CD i\O;l'(lC 10'(9 A009 ,cb3 'SllDJ1!3 '3nl}ooomi A3(/ 1191 'SIL1 SrtoXJowx S1101 mx ILJ
'0138AI}D 011C 1D1)30(1)38 D03n~o nrilL'(\J901C 01 'Sl))1C3Afl3: luo sl00011!3 1lD1iA"90l! 1\i)OXOD 531AOI,9ilrll! JOXlliDOX 10
·nwri 119 31ii}01X3q AYJ 'Sc;J'{Ddloy '1DA9'{DOlDD 10 mx 9't'(D 101i
-~11D03 D.1 91CD "9'('(0l! 30 S13D~1AD.1CD 13A JC? llO'(fl01C9ADN -9ADOHm 10 Ar)Dl3'{31i Su So11.:9 'M;ulL,\D'{l! A(l)l 51301)3'{31<,1
·x llOl OJ'(\J1\J 01 A(l)A 1~/,(1)~3 i\101 DTI;!8 OJ.3;: . ,.A(1)1"9TIU1Dil0 10 1DX Ai)Olll1AI10 I}OliUJ ilOA]liDAHJdJ 1101 llrJt9 Il1W '5]'{0\J
A(l)XO'(lCI} '(OlC D.'(JlAOri "9x111L ri910n mo OA;lriD18lLAno -n13ri 53X101DJ1Au Su MOOJdl1l!3 no:u 'S11ri9M9 S3kD'(9AYJ
I}'(OlC OA3TI9A1D.ill D.A;l 'So"9X OJ.D DDJTI (SIL~"91) SILO(l)A"9k00 01!(1)08M} A01 0191 Aow mx ILJ luo mY. 1D1AI}01o:uol.o3A3
UD1A"9dln3 ~X11\dJD~ mri HlAJ3 ~(1)~ lL A(1)1"9TIU1DilD MJlX 531~1\D'{l! 10 ·l11o9X 01'{8JA3k 01 'D1U19X1l!(l)D001! AU1
-1ririnok uri AOU DDD())'(k D.AOJ1A01i 1113;:,. 'SOX"9'(S: S"9XIlOV '~1i0<,1 111 UX"9ADri "9ilodm A39 ~111D ~00011!3 lL 1D)[ ',.Allll!
SILXJAO'(DD03EJ 5111 01TI~101l!JADU 010 S~X1DildJ001DV -I_D08AU A(l)l DJdllldto13'{l! 1\Ul mtl UXO'{l!J03l! 1}'{01! S(1)1i9
S~11LklL8nx S~1(1JOU'(1CDAD o (L66l nonnor oz)
rtm. oo9o"9 1DAJ3 'SD)AD'{oihop SILl 590il3'{l! SlLil31ll]\J10XU SILl UD"9\J lL
30 130]dlDAD S(1)1C9 '310(1)'('('i 'D01JTI DA 1~k DlD SOAJTI001i S(l)J011X 1DAJ3 ~11ty ·S13D"90Q11AD 1DlAI}OI.ononilL9 mx IL"{'{9
-OD.DOOlC "9X110D.1Dil0 1DA J3 A(l)JOOn i\lll138Ai}D 011C A(1)'('("9 AUlD D)li lL AI}Ok03A31!3 53JDilO 01}(/ 10 'Ul~AD'{l! il0"{"{9
mx Al))AJ.J1(1)0l! 'A(l)]~O MJ1X1AJ.J'(XflOA O'(OAI}D D.AJ S(l) 1101Dl!9X SDJD110 SlLX10lDJ1AD SILl mx SlLj SILl Al))1DI10 A(l)A
'5~(1)~ SILA1~k SIL1 S91i0100 S9x1rilLX01\J o 'nrii.13C?"90D1C D1J -31imoo I}~IJ131i S9rim9 SUA? mmwJdlrt UA J3(JI10'(0XU~3 ..
:A~1ilD. 91CD. (l)A"91C mx D.D]ri '0'('("9 1l"9X mx nX0"91Cil ~ SIL'(I} '1013, '13~JXDD1<,/ rw:u 53ClJDdlo Su 91!D 119x mx rtDl J~mi
lLolLk9'(0TI0Di\ilD UY.O'(lCI}'(Ol! n11i ~(1)~ lL 1DA)t[ :oJ(/31! OA1~k "900dJ 3()"9X 13ACJ)U1! SYJ0~8A11!D o ~ D(/9AOli lL 'SlLocl309:UX3
010 mx (1)10;! '~(1)~ 13AJDnlLo 11 S(l)ri9 3nllO~J0(1)Aj ·SlLj 53AJ1XD ~ Sno"{XI}X Snoood191C? Snm 91!D DD]li SmA())A03:u
SILl A~1ilD. 3n mori9 "9X1k0'(01\J 1D.AJ3 DA 131C;!01C D8 119 3TID1 mx SmAOAJYl\J31D)[ ·Su~OYJl!l} SllA11!1,_ll0(JAD 3(J9X SIL1 lLomdl
-;!801Cil "9X1Xoy ·S~(l)~ ~cboori lL ~1rtD lLA]rilLrioq 1DAJ3 Sl))lC -o9rimq 111 mx DJ30o:u Alil 9wx ADJAO'{DAD ,wx mx Smi

:l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHVIIHV'
ss TJOZ: O.L Vd0<!>VNVU3 H)iiVO ,.3,, VV'VVIIO lS
-umillXD DO rt01! ( 0A(DA1;>0131) o06 DJMOA lllgJOl! Alll 91!D 1D1J3A.ilnmrill9 <10JI 'ilOJQ31! SnoggJ13X10w 59A3 llonodlx;J
5llAJriOA3A. 5~Xon 'r;>Bri 9omx 913xon r;>'('(D 5lll ry13xory19 ll l;>OD1J: 1DAJ3 A3(/ ',ll'(i). ll\,'(}l13X101D, 3rt<10~r;>riOAO il01!
ll1 rywx 1DlAO~JADibri3 A39 Sllr\t13'(X} 5~xm'(ll 5lll mmiD}'( 91rtD 119 13r\ti).'(DX01!D MOX? 5~X1ADXllri01ii.D\J)[ Sll1 513r\t
-3101!D ryxullAOD D1 119 1DAJ3 100319001031! 10 ArtO~JOm,\A -'}'(DXDi\.D 5JAooXA.iJ.o 10 rtO'('(r;>~ti ·s~m~ 5lll mll19191 i\.ll1
A39 rtou 91rt v ·Ltrft 13'(Y,} All1 5m1i9 Jlirto~qowmJ Sy 13AJ9 Slll Di\. mx J3AOrtonillg ll1 Di\. mll191DM\,' ll1 13X? rtou
·S13~l9 SJ3A3riDrt9 '.,ll'(r_t Ali.1 91!D ill~? .. rtO'('(J! uryx 5ll~ODJI'} mll191DArt9 ll1
D03l JD191 1D1Ai).00(1)30 OAm/;9ih31 01 1DX 009 llD30JlAD ll 3riiJ.OOli.AOD DA 3rli.J0001!1i i\.39 '001 li.Di}dl ll1 31r_LO ~1ioq li.1
0091, "AgJ010ri 06 DJAmA ~9D'(ll9 'oAmkr;>0131 rtOl r;>AD'(1!1\,' 31'}0 31i<10~)0(1)AA DA UD}(1 30 3lDDrt)3 i\.3(/ Dri9XD rtOl! 'A<D3~
D1 31i 13~J1DriltXD A9lilD 3D 13X}131i1irtD ilOl! mil)JD 01Al;>Oi10 -~'{JIX3 AgJX1DrtdJ A<,llXOD1(/ i\.Dl!riiJ.& Di\.} ,D DO}VI[ "UDi).'( rt01
301;>X ~9131!3 '.,rtOA()JA.DOBJ, rtDJ,., mx 1lll3~ryrioAO S9on.ms: ~X1'(31 i\.Ul 130\J 13X;J i\.3({ s~(l)~ Slll Smri9 Drill'(\J901! OJ,
So'(ry/,JW o ·oA90)[ Ao.t 11i llD30J1AD 10 Jxllo?o~J Sllilv .i\.Dl!rii.J&
0 - DAO~l;> AOl A9l<lD 5001! 5m D130J!X - 1DX 9ADOrt0 AOl OlD 5)31i3 Sill1!9 D1A9 D'('(X) 1D)( MO~ Xli\. 539)1!'(3 53'(l;>A3ri
3ri llD30JlAD 30 llAJ3X3 D0}1i lll ADOO~ llA~'{33: ll 1DX 501'(H- ArtOXOX)l!rt '9X1'(11 01(/) 01 9J:D OA}riAD11dJ m,\)3 AD1!1i1}3: 01
0 ·.,90ilD13: O'(l;>A3V\[., OAJri9A3'( AOl :OA31i9A1DdJ 9X11 iJ.Odm 119 mllwm\J3~j ll 1rl13AJJ1i\.3 'Sllr\tou9 Sll1 S~1rtn S;JlX
-lli\.D'(l! '01Al;>l!D 00319DD1031! 'llri9xD DAJ 31iDXJ3 Slt~tn'(l9 -1ollwoun Sn013: · .vnri9w mx AOJ)ilori 5:pioq ryonu 1DAJ3
S~X1'(0 Sll1 591X3 <101Di}OArt V l [ Suo 119 3rii10~JriitEJ A39 nuni~w.1o ryx1Ao'(o1t1 m 119 llr\toury ll 5odmg5J 13~)9
·miu9umOf)Ml -OJX Di\. 1'(X)1! 3D1XOX) mx 3XlllDJil31iDOD1! Sll1iDAi}\,' S~X'Ilm~
Alll ArtODJAO'(XA<\0 ll(.) 1101! (r;>X1lllAOD D0319DD1031! Dl) A0J1 Sll1 5ll~<lD1!i} ll '5DJA0'(01t[ S~xmilow Sll1 ll~i111!1;>i\.D All1
-9AOA3A ryil13D mri 13DJXiln no mx 3191!0 OOOZ: 1101 01l;>W 3rt 'D0319AO\f "A(}JTID1ADXli.ri AgJX1Drtib A<;JlDmAA i\.(l)101!1;>X
AOl Al)llllAD'(l! Afl)l lloniriJ!OArt(:lrt3 Alll OJ3rillo 01i1DJOX (l)D;J1i i\.i).Olil3AUTI03 DA A9lllMll{ Alll~ i\.3({ lli\.3TI9i\.1DdJ
11i ' [ TOZ: 01 J3(:lmOll'(XO'(O DA 1D13A;JriDAD DJOl!O ll 'Allnoc;n 1;>X1A0'(01~j Dl ll01! l;>OOdJ JOX)X ll1iDi\.i).\,' ~lilD Ul01i\.)0Xrt3
-monAD MflX11llAXJ'(:t: <10991031! Sll'(r;>A.Jri Smri - rt0\,'91031! -1(/D i\.lll i\.D1Ai).O'(DX11!3 53ii.Ori~1D11!3 10 ·(srpll!A S!A) ,Sll1i
mll191!mOOAD All11DX l!J ll1 mA. Sll1illoJOX Smri ll~ODA} ,\lll -DAiJ.9 S~X1WJ~" SrtoggJ1<1llwmi Smri ll~ODl!iJ. i\.ll.t MOO~OA
3AD1i~D 119 i\.DDll)Ol!Olll913AilD 10'(9 '5mdJ 9XD1'(ll OlD i101 -1m Di\. 5;lllli\.11303 Sn01 3DllXAJ!ii.D rtOl! 59ii.OA3A '9riD1i\.DXl!n
l!O}(:l lll l;>AD~ 3DllOgJXDOD1! llJL(_;lOiltf ~X101A3)( Alll Jllt<1'f9X 010l;Jl i\.DA;J n<lti} '(llXlli\.ll lli\. ~ADX1 3XllOr;>lD "-39 Sm1i9
n.ou 1\lr;>wxo 011!3'( 9 ;,1'(0 o1 S1'( 9 ri 'oo 9 w 0 ·o1'(H,AOl w DMJO;J H ·Si).o1iD1il.llXllri Si).OXD1AO'(OO<n Snoxo'{l!i} '(01!
-D1LJXD llA~'(33: ll ilOl.C uo;pi lll 'rtOlDi).OAil\f ll[[ Alll 9X111Jli J!Olll! Ai).0'(3101!D i\.3({ JOTI01i\.DAoo 101\JTI;J 10 119 llr\tOl!X)
-D09 111;>X )3\JrirtD DA ADA31iJ031! rtOl! )01rtD ADl~ JO'('(Oil Alll 13oc;Juaw1 9 nA Ltn~wm1 i\.lll 3oll 8 C9 s~x1AnXllw
·n1191imo llqc;mX101D 5lo S}lll(:lD1D 1DlAOAJi SmAryorto Sll1 ll~rtll!X)i\.ll ll AD19 'SlloD1DX)i\.D1!3 S~X1i\.DXllri
53)01!0 10 '513D(}JAX111!riiW S;JXD13A03A3 5rt00}1i11!3 9l.C" -01\J Slll Xl13XOJ!1(/ lll J!lD)( J!X1~10 3~D'('(9 ~lrtD llr\tll'()li\.D

>E l !OZ O.L Vd0<f>VNV!l31D!IVO ,.3, VVVv\1' ::;:vavou 3:Hd.LHWHv

vE
 · (Slto'i o mx So11.90)l -3'{090lf i\.ltl 31i 1lllii.QO'(OXDD 1009 'I}Ori0130 llO'(J;lA31i ILOJ•'-
o DX101DJ1ii.D ii.DXO~J.rrt I}OOILDl:S: .CO'(J;JA3W .COl ltD(1)11fJ031f S9!1.3 Ltorl3'(J 11.lt1 mA. 1Dlil.l}ogocb Di\. SrtOA9'(0riono Sam 3ri
il.ltl:S:) ·SLtil'i 0 1D)( SDJ'V 0 'SOi\.90)! 0 'S9ii.DOILQ 0 Sllllf9 'oQOJ03J.r ltii.)JiA.Dom D031JD1Q1 mri 31i.COI}ii.D1Q SI}JfJD)l
S31~ii.D'(lf MOXOJ;Jlfrt 1}011f00X:S: rt011D)( rtOOI}Dl, rtOl D1(/C))~ '0i\.(1)AJ;l013111ilt 01'{H_i\.01 Jri 301}0A0rt011iltq lti1.~'(3:S: lt
DlD ii.D D031JD1(/J 'D1(/l,ll~ J;l03flDlD DlD S3l~i\.D'(lf JO'('(Olf ltii.J3X3 DO<)J il.ltJ, ·ri·ri zo:s
Suo '666! rw)ilgri311f3:S: Sl Suo
MOXOJ;Jlfrt ii.D19 1)))( i\.(lJ30tJ3'{X3 i\.(lll ))130~].[3 il.ltl 91fD 1))111. 'o31XJd s·
9 i\.{1)1 9 1ionon11ri 01 Jrinxp 'Sm3 9 ~nox1N SLt1
-I}O'(DXOOJ.r JOriD13D 10 S(1)1f J3fjltOlt1DODlf 13XJ J;JXUD11Dl:S: 9riono 01 J;l13ri S30)1i (( '1013. '(Sr) 0i\.(11AJ;l013111ilt 01
·(So9Xooq_,x. 'S9milox:s: '11.(\)JV 'Soili}DJ,) I}OOILDl:S: 1Dii.J3 Lt0t9 ~X11!1.Drilto lt'('{J;l D11i 'rt0ii.C))AD0131 rtOl S91X3
I}OP}8Dl:S: am D1(/<)l~ DlD 3Xltfj~101f01DriA.nilu ILOlDI}OArtV '(Slt'(J;JA.A3H Sltl OJ.r'(9X i\.010 31cb31C) OJC?Dil. 01 c;JA3
rw1 S-90rtmo SOJD010r1 o 119 3riJ;J!I.X3~ Di\. 13J.r?O 11.3'1,7 'milt!I.J;Jdrtomri 010 J;llii.OX ii.Dli\.OXOJOg DJXOrtOJ, ~X111l(/O
'OJ(/Dil. OlD 1DX Drilt!I.J;l0110D3ri OlD 'ltDI}(/ lt10 -130og lt mx D1ii.J;lX'{llH m 'rtolDI}OAilV Slt [ [ Slt1 Slt0t13'(X)
'- SDill))X Sltl ltlOJ;JX OlD - 1Dii.J3 S31~i\.D'(lf 10101Jl ILOJ.r9 Slt1 ltO(l)11fJ03:U t~.ltl:S:) 'OJ(/Dil. 010 ~ nrill!I.J;JOrtooJri 010
ll01i09X .COl ltOJ1i D1 Dil. J3X3 ,0 J01i0130 •'-I}OI:jJiao D(1 3191, 131cb)J.r LtrtJ 13'(X) lt ll01f9 S3!1. )3X3 S30c;JX S11 J;llflllX mx Sltrtt
i S130J8 S3!1.)1110X3XA.rto 30 JO'('{Olf Dii.OOX911lD1 MOX0"91fl1 -13'(XJ Slt1 J;JOrtO Altl S(llEJ~MD J3(JI10'(0XD SO(/D'{JXA3 0
11.m9 1D13!1. J3111f3 rtOQD'{JXA3 rt01 llJADri H ·Su\t!I.»'HI • '(tL-SL 'S 'IT So'(\:)18J;JOBJ,)
· 0!1.(1JI,J;J01311rilt mx 011.(\)A. 90131 lti1.~'(3:S: lt1 lt1~t\OJ0ax 5(1) BXJ ILOJ.r rtO!I.JXOD)l
Sam I}~D13ri il.rtO~J:LDriltXo ii.DlQ, 'llA\t'P::I - 501'{H, • 1101 01QCSJ~ 01 91fD 1ll1Jlf)19 'rJ.oriono 1101 0013XJ1f3
'(666 [ rtO)O\:]OllXQ [ l Suo 1D13~JmriltXo Lt0t9 D101Jl 01 'm3Q~110X1N Lt mx I\Olf9 'SD1MfJ1H Slt1 ~X01031f Lt ('X'1i
mw) 'OAClJ),J;J0131 Srt01 l}~lll3ri tUlO~JlDriltXo 'SD!I.(9\?13DOU 8L r-oon oJmi3'{olu 01\/IJD't)l SmLt19mXon SLt1 ocb 11 oA.
o mx SllJ'V o '" Snopoorioox .. ortq 10 /\IJ SltDJ1!1 SC))fJDX -mJA. mx ori911.0010D 11.01 31i nvncb1ii}O 119 J3EJ(l)13rilto JJ!I.
'011.90)! 11.01 ~ DJ'V 11.01 31i ltO'i rt01 S3JA.rt~rt0 10 ltri9XD S(l)li\.l)lf 13~J~V 'Sltl)'{Jri Slt0311}8D8 OA31i)3XUi\.D J3'(3101fll
1D•'-J3 9rio1:-Jo 0<1.31i9X031f3 mk S)XUX13<,JA3 '513r\tQ, • ~rit\110 LlA)Ji0(/3(/ ill SOJ.r91 0 S91itD ltA.iJ.'{lf3 J1D1A OJ,
'(1)03X9A1'\,f rt011llX 'llJXOilOJ.IJ.X1i\.0113A lt10 031XJd ~· L i\.(1)1 9riD
IJ.OI,rtz rtm 'aoii.JXOJJ)l no1 'I}010)lrto1 S30Jori S31c;JOJ.r Suo -no 9X1cb001DllWX 11.01 ·1i·u zo:s
Suo 3riDXJ3 'rtOlOIJ.OA.ay
Ac;JlllAJJ'{lf S91iOU0(1)M\O nXOJ;Jlfrt 11.11 J3fjX3000lf lli\. Ltri9xD L[ Suo rt01'(H,I101 mx SltA~'{J:S: Slt1 I}~Dl31i 3Xlt1DJ1Dri
13J.r?i3J.r DEJ 'Snoc;JX Ltom7~3 9J.Cn Slt1 LtloJ;JX m:s: ·mqtpz • -LtXo llOJ.r o06 D)ii.OJA. Sll'{91X ltlc;JOJ.r AltlO '1013, ·Lto3fJJlii.D
'.COXJO rt010ll1Jl rtOl ~riXD 11.lt10 1Dli\.OXOJO\:) m1i mx Dil.(lJA.J;Ji"hn 0119 01'{H,ii.Ol J1i pA.ono1riltq ltii.IJ.'(3:S:
JOlrtD S31~i\.ll'(lf 10 ,,}) 1JJ)( - Slti1.~'(3:S: Sltl SltOJ;Jcb ~AD'('{D lt D)OlfO D1 J;llDX D03ri~Dllf3 JJOJ00)1 31i110X) 'D0300)1 01
11.lt1 J;l1DX !1.(91ltii.D'{lf 11.(1)1 S130)() S11, 'ltil.\t'{3:J: »\IN • 31i ii.C))Cbrilt ll01fJ031f 6Z 11.(1)1 O'{XI}X 9XD1il.lt '{30 11.01 31irtOO)O
:MOX]DOOJ.r Dil. 131C)01C ll() 'M)Trl0130 i\.(1)1 ltrtJ -1D1\/ i\.D J1D1J 'i\.(l)ll)Ji(l)O MflJ!I.DOrtO OrtQ i\.(lJl 1).~D131i )310

LS TIOZ O.L \ldO<!>VNVUtl H)!IVO ,a, \IV\IWO ~VllYOIJ ~Hd.LHWHV 9S

 38 1\HMHTPHl: f!OABA2: OMAI\A "E" OAJKH EIIANA~>OPA TO 2011 39

0 OLaoTJ~W£ ~OOLOTQO£ IIaxo Pa~rrav, 6wv QWT~OTJXE To TcA.Cxex, evex arr6 rex rrA.eov EVEQya TJ<paCotctcx TTJ<;
UVU(jl?QLXU ~E TT] OliOOLWVT] JtQO[)AEliJ~ TOU TT]£ 11 T]~ r!J~, exv~XEL OTOV JtEQLCpY]~O "OexXTUALO TY]£ (jJWTL6~" JtOU
Auyouo:ou yLa To I1aQioL, <mavTTJOE 6n ax6~TJ ocv £xou- JtEQtf3aA.AEL TOY EtQT]VLXO, [LE el;t TOUA.axtoTOV xuxA.ouc;
~E OEL ,TLrr~t£. IIQay~an, xm oc ox£oTJ ~£ Tov MeyaA.o EXQ~i;EWV exuT6 TOY CXLUJVCI. 0 YEO£ xuxA.o~ i;ExLVYJOE wv
:l:tau~o, xaOc qJOQa rrou o AQYI£ Oa OX!J~tati~a arr6 cOtiJ IouvLo wu 1999. AvtC8cm w LEQO Neyxgo cbur xm noA.u
xm JtEQa T~TQ,ayw;o ~ 0~ EQXET<XL oc avTL0EOTJ w KQ6vo XULQO f}QLOXOTexV OE A.~OexQyO. ftcx JTQWTY] <pOQa EVE(Jyo-
Xat 0UQ~VO, T] UXO~T] XL OTUV OXTJ~UTL~EL [LE TOU£ JTAUV~­ JtOt~OT]XE OTOV atuJVex ~exc; TO 1992, UOTEQex exrr6 125 XQO-
TE£ auTOll~ ~~LTETQaywvo, fJ fT] Oa txa rrgof)A.~wna. VLex. HrcA.cumCex £xQYJsTJ oe auT6 cCxc owf3cC TO 1867.
fL<: rraQaOEL wa, oc A.L y6t£QO arr6 ~Lex cf36o~aila ftET6 IIcgvwvTex~ TO 2000, YJ oxu'J6v f3£[)atYJ ma exCoOTJOYJ 6n
TTJv E:'QTJsfJ Tou TJ<patonCou :l:£Qo N eyxQo oTT] "xan Oa ou~tf3cC" 6A.o xm buvartwvcL. Km 6cv Eivm rt6vo
NLXexQ_ayoua, TO XOVTLVO OE exl'TO ll(jlexLOTELO TEA.(xa EVEQ- ot OQYJOXEUTtx~c; JtQOEAEUOTJ~ 8HOQLE£ nou T!JV (jJOQTCt;ouv,
YOJTOL11,01l~E, EXTOi;EUOVTex~ OTT]V CXT~tOO(jlatQU JTUXV~ ll(jlat- xatl<iJc; "JtQO<pY]TELE~" cx;t6 ( aUou~) TOU<; A.exou~ -
OTELCXl;l] TE<pQa. H EXQ'Ilsll ryLvc TY]V TQLTY] 10 A11youorou, Aty{JmtoL, Ef)QexCot, ftEXQL MayLexc; ... - wrroOnouv ow
~Lex ~c?ex JTQLV TYJV IJALexx~ £xA.cLliJYJ. H EVEQYOJTO(YJOYJ CXlJT~
XQ6vtu yiJQw an6 TYJV a1cA.exy~ TYJ<; xtA.tnCa~ fLU~, xarroLo
ESCHQETLXa OY]~aVTLXO ycyov6c;. Err( JtAEOV OL XOLVWVLXE~
Ocv JTQ:JTEL va, arro6o?cC ~TYJV £xA.cLljJYJ, exA.M owv McyaA.o
ouv0~XE~ OTT] ~UOY] EXOUV OQL[taOEL "mtXLVOuva" ytcx ...
:l:texUQO, xexOw~ exuTO£ ELXE exQXLOEL vex OXY]~exT(~EL rroA.\J
mo JTQLV, ex~6 Texy~oex IouHou. LTYJV JtQexyrtanx6T!JTex ot
xan aA.A.o EYQCXlPE 0 r.KaowatY]c; OTO TQLTO Man.
Ita LOLa nA.aCma cvtaooovwt xm ot yvwoTE£ <p~~E£
mo exxQLf}EL~, exrro ~JtOljJIJ ywvLwv 6lj!EL~ OXYJ~exT(OTY]xexv
JTEQL EJtLXEL[tEVT]<; macp~~ ~E ESWY~LVOU£, JtOll TL£ TEAEU-
OTL£? A uyouo;ov. Exowtc <'lY]A.exo~ iiuo <pmv6~cva, Tov
TaLE£ ocxanic£ yvwQtoav rtEYa"-TJ iiYJ~ooLoti]Ta. MaA.toTex
McyexA.o :l:texuQo xm TY]v £xA.ELliJYJ tou HA.Cov, w orro(ex 1\cv
TWQU TEAEUTa(a - ~ETa WV OXETLXO XCXTCXL yLO[tO JTAY]QO<pO-
ITQEJTEL vex texmCt;ovTm XQOvtxa.
QY]OT]£ (f) A.. P6t;youcA., "M£Qa avci;exQTYJOCa~", A.6you£
T~ uwo~ 1060 ~ETQWV TcA.Lxex Ei;EQQayY] OTt~ 6:00 WQex
IIQo€6Qwv, EJtLOll~E£ avaxot vwoa~ ncgC unaQsYJ£ t;w~£
f~QY]VOULT~YE ~La LOXl'Q~ OELO~LX~ DOVI]OY], EXTOi;EUOVTCX~
owv AQTJ, xA.n, xA.n), no1cA.oC e<pTaoexv va motrlj!ouv 6n TJ
acQLex xm TE<pQ~. To I€Qo NryxQo, rrou f3Qfoxnm 20 xA.~.
xOLV~ YVW[LY] JtQOETOL[tal;ETcxt ma OUOTY]~UTLXa yta TT]V
;ono<:vmoA.txa tou Y]<patoTECou TcA.Lxex, rrexQouo(exoc TY]V
~tyaA. Y] OUVaVTI]OY]!
Liitex ~EQex ox:nx~ U<pEOY]. To :l:exf3f3cxtOXUQLexxo, 6~w~, 14
IIQOO<pata exnoxaA.u<pTY]XE OTt xaTL "ngay~anx6" OU[t-
xm 15 AuyouoTOu TQexvText;6mv ouvcxw~, ~E arroTeA.w~ex
f}a(va! K6.n nou ~JtOQEL va ouvo£nm JtEQL<pYJ~a xm va
OL 2.?00 EVexJto~:(vexVTEc; XaTOLXOL OTI]V JTEQLOX~ vex cyxex-
EVLOXUEL 6A.ex 6oa OL EJtLOOi;ot JtQO<p~TE£ eA.cyav yta TO
TexAELljJOUV ta orrmex wu~.
TEAO£ TOU mwva ~a£: Ebw Xat A.Cyou£ [t~VE£ ~La <p~~Y]
 ,.,
-lt!iJ(_\01riltg OA9ri 1X9 'A1DlJ:S: i\01 'Q1DX 'J01ilV "11<'\)AflOMV il "0 lOZ llOl ilOJlODW DO;Jri
SltOJl.C3 1D1A(_\O"(DX01CD OJOl.CO 10 'S(_\OADIW011Cri1N Dw ,.1101 S1~9g Suo,. 1llAJ3 Dt) mx Driltw'}o Smi 9XD1"(lt
5fl01 3ri 'ltOD1X~l.C3 ,1DX 1DX 'AOlJ03riflO:S: 11.(1)1 9ri011 010 131Cri DQ flOl.C ltl~riox O;JA DA;J D1.\ A91C10"( 1D113X90ll
-1"(01£ OJDXOD i\01 31i 1D1AO~Qil.fl0 (_\003ll OlD OX'QADflOXD1.L
:SDJ00101 Slt1 5~11lD Slt"(9 001A;JX
fl01 D11CJ303 'QX11Dri.\ 1A1D D1 1DX ':}1A3XAfl091:S: fl01 01!.9"( 010 1D13XOJotJ aou DJ11D - ~x1mrii.Dou 9
sco1A
- Altw 'Q11Dri
-0031ilt OXO"(l.C(_\"(Ol.C 01119 1DAJ3 fl01 SetOri010flXD1 S(_\01<110
mri A91C10"( 1rii10~JO sv ·noz 0:1 1oX;ni J3910X MlOX;t »o
-1AO"(XI-fl0 011£ Slto1 91CD 5DAt=L"AC!JA;!ri13X i\(l))DXOD i\(1)1 Jl.C3 »"{0, ·l!oltJOliooocbmg mri nXO'Qlifl 'QOOcb ll1 ~111D 'Q"("(V
rro1 53J3Altri03 5;JX11Xlt"(l.CX3 Su3ri orio9x 9X1Aorilt1D11C3 A01 ·~,\D"("(D ~X1001D).OriOOX D11i 3riDA:Jri103li - "li"(X 110Q9103li
130C)llD10DAD 13X:J SOJOl.CO o 5300()1"(1- 53JDXOD Suo 59X1Q13 S~X1AooX Sm1i DrirnO~"(lirillo 01 'OA3ri9A1Dcb 01A'QOI1o DA:J-
SDA;J 'A1D1J:S: SDJODXDz o 3ADX5J rrou Ltoltcb'QoA.oll.CrroxouD 0101Q~MOD 11'\)X 30 'QlDOOliri 31DDri9X01og 1101£ 'QOOdJ 3t)'QX
Alt1 91CD i\11011C(_\X001C 5130q>"(ltg 5;JX11Xlt"(l.CX3 10 5:)1ilV 119 'Smltl9umilt)AD Slt1 DJ00101 Altw D13Q~"(D 1DAJ3
. AO"("(;Jri 9 A11AOX (_\ "(Ol.C OlD ltOV.: i\01 1DX .. "ri"(Jcb 'QX1A001X3"(lt DlD Dri"('QciJO 1DA)3 ... l!omdJ
SltJ Slt1 S:J1Xoih Su 11i J3t)milrrmomg DA 1D113X90l.C mx -09riDODli ~1<111£0 ~"(l.CD 1DAJ3 ···o10"(li91iltwmg 0110'\)031
'Somri~wrro Smi (_\OXD1"(lt 1to1 (ltA~"(3:S: Alt1 mx 01"(H.A01 W.\)3 ···Slt1~AD"(l.C 1llA)J ... 9X1"(''(Dl3ri 1DAJ3 :D03190D103li
Sm,\o':)Ji.O"(ourr) SLt1~AD"(1C Sozl o 1DAJ3 eto611Cri1N o 13t)~ni DA J300liri DA 5J3ADX SJOITJX '}01ADli 1D1AC)1AD"(li
i i i llOZ So19 010 m1 J313t) 53ri~cb H ·somri~w.1o 5Dri •:J.OXD1"(lt ~to1 mo9 DlD c-··Lt"("('Q
-01£01 Sl\01 ~~1cb'Q flO;JA 1<3 H "D1A90X 009"£ 3t)'QX DriltlD\_\0 '\)101£) VSVN lt1 91£D 3Xlt1'}3AX1AD 0A3riJ3X11AD O.L
Smi 9XD1"(lt 01 1D1311C;JXD11C3 SoJOl.CO o 'I).0011Cri1N Lt1~AD"(1£
···Sq>X
AOlD i\110':) JOADI\0011Iri1N 10 A1D1J:S: DJODXDZ i\01 'Q1D)I -DlO"(O 13':)'Q1Dlt"(1i 5Dri 11'\)X ,.(1)~:) )31<3,. 119 1DAJ3 D13Q~"(D
"DA3ri)JX11AD 'QOQflriD IJ"(Ol.C 1DX ltri9XD lt ''Q11lD D"(9 1D1A0!.<).0XD AD 11< 'QX11DriAD01£(1)~3 000. :Slto
,.13Q,. DA 011C9X03"(lt100X1ri DA;J AflOAl)X 1101£ 'SitOlltt)O -fl3"(;Joolf s~x11ltAD"(li1Q mAp DG SDJooJw ···o :11oA9ilx
-)Dil3 'QX11301D~3 'Q;);} 1101£\_\1 5311C~"(OAOX13 130;JdJOO(J:L: ll01 50"(')1 01 D1A 5D1A'QW 10 01X)g ADXJ3 :A3X1A1'Q1N
DJI-O"(OAX31 ~X1A001X3"(lt Lt SltOJl.C3 jDAC)11D IWA;J1iOD03:L: 0 1D13AC)l1DX1Q 1DX ,.)03t),. ""10 5110"(')111£3 i\91£10"(
1101 'QX11Dri"(3UD1C3 D1 91CD D031(_\"(DX SJOOdJ S;JX103ri 1DAJ3 1D1AoXotr. :o10191 11'QX 13AJDrilto DA 30i).0001£1i DG 0.1
D11C9X03"(lt1 5fl01 "'QX1AX311DD03,. Dl 'll1D\J;!\J JJ03ri~:S:
jltJ lt:1 5q>Xli:10"{0 13~"1/ID
·rrg'\)Og 3t)'QX (""(11< Dlllriq>"( -U"{li 'OA31iJ3X1:1All \)X1"{"{ll:131i O:lDil>.\.\."1/ 53qq>10U:1DilW
-Jcb3A '53J~D"(DI-) lJlDriq>o D1A'Q0110 D1 AIJ.OOltlDODl.C - Slw :9X11D1AO"(xArro J31X13QOliD SmoJ llOli O;JA 01 AllOA'QgriD"(DA
-)3t)OQ 5DJ01DXI13 - 1DX mim;J0310 01 3ri Jl1(1)0;! 9X11Drii,DOJJ -Dl£3 10"(9 '10"("('\) 90(1)0 DA;J 1llX DJ3XOitOt) lt1 3ri 10A3rii).O"(
AllOX;J ltOl.C JOlltll 1DA )3 5JAX;!110D03 10 i Sll01i9A001llJ> -OXOD '5;J1D1AD1003W '10A9"(0JJ1 '53AOri~1D1lit[ "5110"(Xi).X
53AX;J110D03 91CD 1D1A0'}3AX1AD Smt)~AflO S11~riox 10 SrJO"("(Oli 30 llr/tD~;J Alt1 SmAq>"(DXOOli 1Dl'QAD"(li103li

It TTOZ O.L VdO<PVNVII3 H)!IVO .a .. V'VV!AI< J :IVHVOIJ 3:Hd.LHWH'V

Ot
Stu ool-.9'{ AI10DJc;>ih::>I:Jrlog DA 10rl1189ihm Am~ JOADX1o3rlV 01 ·5~y_rtell Slt'{'{"9 Su1 5~111"0 U~ODlCI,t AU1 Al,t0101C01D11C uov.:
10 D)Ol.CO Altl 'D(/)riDOI11C ~100(/lriQD\J D)DXOD Dlri AOlD DJ3rlUAn "9X1Q1'{DA3n DJ. :A101J~ 0 13X;J 01XJ(/ OD9IJ
10 AD19~J11ox 119 mAJ3 So1oo'{"9rlXm 3Xlt1D"911L A3</ A~.Jo11ox ·SrtOOc;Jd mx 5i,tOADX1o3rly 91LD UOit 1101 5~X01o3J.C mo~,tA.
rl"9lAD~ o 110l.C Sol-.9'{ o 119 1D13A'l'{ DOI)ll mx I}01A103 5lt1 DArt3o? Auw ADXltQI)Jlmumq rtou mxni~y_goou 9uu
AD19A3'{ 3101C"9X JOADI10o11Cri1 N 10 AD1AO~Jclm<;>3ooou 11ou9 J3ooomg3\J1J.C3 13X? 11ou u"9x - ltl~AD'{u OA1xx9x A01 Soilu
Soo]rl OJ. 'A101J~ 1101 DA3ri9A3'{ Dl D1A AOo]ellD1(/A3 AD~ UJ Ul 9 uu S;J'{01D01CD 511 13~J</Ol.Cn3 uov.: A01 9 11"0 ooo~,tl-.
-13(/] 1101C Dn01"9 D1 91CD 011(/ 1DA)3 '1101C'{9)J:I}OX1D03IJ 1101 "91Xoo1 3D S9ri8D1D 5DA;J 119 1D13DDJA1mm A101J:r o 5ooliO,
orl3'{9IJ A01D 53o~,tol-.1ell S]XUADrluo 'elluox~1o"9g~ ADrlo9 N ·~X01C3 ~X1nU1DD1(/ ~lA103liUD U1D ArtOD"9lell DA ml-. ADX
o 1DX '{3110"9IJ A1'{9)! JOAU1D01D JOADX103rl\f 10 -uoX~_t1liDAD 1011mooA"9 10 AD£lDO<J11 11011 53J131'{1X 511~
'NOJd3 '51101 JOAcl1101rlU(/ 10 ADXJ3 ilOlC DJDDA
NONHVV3 ~3V'IWVdAII ~3)J:Vll.IIAJIV UOJq'ilpg -nou AU1 ArtOX} DA n~,to 'SitOl )Ol-.orto11iuq 10 Soou9 D01D"9
]JU)l 0)'{\Jl\J 01 31D~ri11001C A00(/JnDOI11C A001 Dri?8 01 D1J DlD D1(/J~Dl i\rtOA"9X DA ADOI,tOOOl.Cn A3(/ 101COOOQA"9 10H!l01C
·rro1u~,tJ.1y Su1 S3<;>Jrluorru S11 3Do}\?3Xo 59D'\ soon9mXou 10 J01ilV '51101 10A9rl DO)l.C All0'{"9A\J D1 DA SrtOl.CgJOQAD
50'{'{"9 SDA] 119 A101J~ il01 S13clti}'{DXDAD Su 13~JOU1D01CI1 Srto1 Al1oo~dm DA mx UJ Ul~tAD'{l£ A01 Artoclt)3y_muxk3
91rt V 'D03191'{Dl.C 013~JriOA3 11'9 , J.CD lt03191DXOD D1A90X DA 51,tOADI10011£rilN S1to1 ADDDXA"9AD 53(/10] 5]X113'{rtellO(/A3
QQQ"(: "91DX 1DAJ3 Di-AJell~ U 119 Urlt01C"9 U 3XU1D"9101100Dl.C 5]18D\J 'l,t0011Crl1N Ul~All'{J.C A01 9J.Cll "9'{'{ll 'UJ U1 91CD 1ll1A
Sui-A Jell~ Su1 mo~1D11W OJ. 0'{1 )1 A01 3rl £66 T rtO)O~jrl30N -oXo)OOl£ A3(/ MOJ03nilOI A001 10AOA90J.C 10 ~(/131C3 13A JD\J
Suo T Su1 ;}HN IW1 DrlliDoA901C 01~ ·Sil0111Ci,t/, 1\f Srt01 -1irto 91rtD 119 13)'{ A101 J~ 0 :10JDXon 10 AD~10SDAA 01 SCJliJ
91CD )31DD1(/3XO ADXJ3 A3(/ 53(/)liDOrtl.C 531(}l01C 10 119 )31010 'DA(l)11_tO'{U A01 9J.Cll SD1AgJo13rl '5U1lJAll'{lC "90130 "911))(
-rtXm suoJm 13X? A101J~ o ·SuJ Su1 uomello91iw AUlD ADO Smioq\Jrl? o 1DAJ3 UJ u 119 13AC}J'{U<? 'llJAmi03J AUlD 1Dl3XD
-y_~on 110l.C ~r11.11o u1 91LD S~_tOADrtoomrl1N S1101 mJ. miuo -Jo~J 1101C '01X"9ri31 lJA] D<l31JD1</l 'OriD9X AOl "9AD D)3Drtorl
-9oo "9X1ellD(/3 Sen ADrt3rlJoltilX 119 13Ac;J'{UQOJ.CI1 Aooc;>JrlDilrtu 30 W1AOXDJO\J mx 'X'l.C OQQ'j? OlD 1D1AI_t0AO'{OAOOX rtOlC
A001 Al)lli1D UDU1JQ01C01 u 119 3ADO]lLrirtD A1D1)~ 0 OJ.C'{9)! 9X1003Ll i\01 91Cll 53(/)ADOciJD S]X10(/A1'{rtX 53A1'{~J.C
'rt011CI}A1\f Su1 S]XmoJu oooi}A Suo MO(/JliDortu AOll 000 ·z 9un rnA"9J.CDonu noyellnol.oou11oxoun nX9 A101J:r o
mx Sui-AJell~ Su1 S1JD"91D01CD Su Jrl urllto9111m "9XlAO'{ jll~1dJ"9 110)A xa AU1 mx .. Srt01 ~A.<nl-.mux, UA1~J.m~3 Aluo
-DAD mAp uo 9xo ~x1onrloo3J. u '"91wx px3 138ellity_uxuAn 1mAol1;elluAn DA 31DC)J uolloc;J 3om<;>? S1101 yooo1J.Ca u ~1n v
Artox3 rrou s 3rr3xomnx s 9x1q1rluorru 53'{'{"9 9uu 1101 ~omo 'AOJA~'{'{tf AOJ1 ~0001J.C3 ~X1n0111'{0J.C AU1 Al,t01X3(/ DA 01
-9uu AU1 Soou Soo J381ilxl-.rto uov.: 1101 ouooo9ilii o1 AV ·u1 91LD 0'{'{"9 3101CJ1 ADADXjl A3(/ 1010)rlrto:r 10 119 OAJTIA13(/
-~.~uy_u oA mYJ?X Ao1o SDJAroc;>rt)! Su1 ~xmo3u Aula ~rt3xo -1youn 1JJ,~J3 mngm ·no31i~o J1il1o~JooJAA m Soou9 D1A9
-DlDX U ' .. uov.: 1101 01COOD 9 0IJ, 01 1DAJ3 9 xuuy_\J11C3 011' DA1J.Cgl0QAD D1 1DX "9'{'{D '9TID111'{01C 9XD1031i<10:r A01 ADD

£t l!OZ O.L VdO<I>VNVU3 H)!IVO ..3, VVVWl I :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWHV

z:t
 'OA9rl1X9 1DX
'llOZ
Dllt19A 10X IJ,X1AOlilt1D11!3 AltlD 9X1AXlll 3DltAOI}01rlltq 1DX 01 D1ilt101J.D SnrJ 9XXl1 '(lt OlD J3101ADdlrl3 DA 1Xll3A5JrlDAD
rl0J10D]i\[ 866I rl01 DDJrl DlD 3A1AJ ltOmAJOXDAD IJ,X113XD rlOll 'lt11J,A-D'(ll rlOZ[ rlOl ltDrl3'(5J Altl 3rl 13lll)ll1irlD 'A1Dl J:S:
H ·n(h?rl 009'I 1DAJ3 rro1 S9il11rlJ!1Q Lt 119 AD~13QJ 'IJ,Q13 A01 J!lDX 'Ar;.noodloillt'(ll A-GJ1 A<)llrlXJ LtorDOJOI'l3'(3ll3 H
-0031DD rlOl 5083AJrl 01 m,l. JOrl01AO'(Ollrl 101<)J01l 10 ·SLto '"-DllrirJ.D 01 mx [J,mS, Lt1 m,i. 51J<)odloolt'(ll 53?JA MlO<,!JQD13rl
-rroilxAI}D Slt1 OA3rl9X3QA3 01 "ID13)3'(XOllD DA SJOcrJX '(SDO<)J Smi 'ltA~rlo J!X101DD Xl'('("f) 9llD mx S<;Jt)DX 'J3X3 9llD ArlO
S[J,mrl ···J!oodlmq 3rl ,.3rln,i.,pdn~ .. rro1 119 'I}'(Oll 311}0 -;JOOOllD !'lOll 5J1ltl9A-Xrw S;JX1MJdJ01QDO 10 rl0ll9 DJ~D'(DJ
o,i.n 311}0 ~J-qn'(LtQ) LtJ Lt1 911n Amil1Jrio1'(1X ooo·z-v S1'(9rl Smi I}OX101A3X rro1 Soil?rl DA-J 10 no~n1 31DDrl9XD10S:
A{1]1 ,.SIJ,OAllDAD,. ltDD1D91lD AltlD 13djldJ i\01 DO rl01 J!1X 'D)'(O\JOA11XXJ IJ,X1ChDD A-lt1 9llD 1D1AOJ,J!30ltll3 ADlA-9
-001 Lt Smll ADA3'(? '1191 Sno[J,rlux3 531<)J01l1Q ·[J,AUA3AOV XJAorl[J,oA SaJ 31il}okorro113'( XJA- 13J!Oltog Smi noll S91io
AltlD Amrl9A001DD D<,JJ!1io mrl 91lD 'L66I rro1 rlOJOt)ri3X3\7 -1A-DXltrl 59X110<,!01lllll o 310lXtL 'XJX1'(J 1}0'(1!1Q DQI}0~3'(ll
9 Suo 3Xlt1DJl!OlA3 "II dX LL6I" (:) S[J,q13o031DD 0 mri 10 ltA5Jrlmomil3ll Am[J, Smi VNG r101 ~rloq ~xroDtl
·SmilJDXA3 31 J38lt101lO(,l13 lt '3rlXJxlJ,oLt,l.r)rtoniltg Sprl3 "-D10, ·S~dJDm D'(r,torlwx [J,xuma
no ',.SJ!1A0113A,. mx 5DJAltrloil3rilt SIJ,AD'('(D Ltom11lJ031l -38rl3'(3llDOAoilX nni •\XlD 1DAJ3 VNG 5XJrlr,tOX1<,! 1101 ~ll3XD
3:S: ·Smi J!1A0113A [J,xniltwmg Ltw ·ri"li m::8 DO~l) '(SOOJ!'( -DlXJX Lt ltrJlt'(X9'(0 'ltD5JXD IJ,X1A0'(01\J D10llJ!X 1DX SltDJll3
ArlOAJ!X D1D\JJtJ <)l<,/3) 8ZQZ rl01 IWJOfJm1XQ 9Z :ADXltlD 13AJOXXl1\7 ·Sa01 Al}lArJI1011iltQ Am1 9rl0XrJ1 AOl Al'lOI\tjl'(g
-J?X3~ 5rlOD9 30 I}O\J31ADO 01 3JirrOS,Jrlll0A31l,\ ·rrorlD9X rl01 -OrJll XJA- mk A-XJDltAOr_l01liltQ 5)3031-101i9A001DXJ 10)XJXOD 10
D11}0111DA1 J!X1A0'(0010D Dl D'(9 30 S<;JQC0130rlll 1ll131hJ!O 1 il.OllUJ!X AXlllJ, "rlOA-9rJX rl0)3E), rl01 Xl10MJ lt 119 XJ1D1'(J!1i
'''AOI}jdJD1<,!A3 D03l)Xl1<,!1 ,.010J!A30,. 0~ '9X100AD1iODlAD:Jl 131}3l01U 'XJAXJArJ9 DAOrJXAI}D 011! D1 mx Drl9XXl 13J!A-03ll3~
mAp DO nrlDJO o~ ···<;JQ3 10'(9 310)3 DN 'A990 ,onx 1m1xo rlOll Xl13\JJrJXXJ 11i C<01'(H,rl01 mx SltA-~'(33: Sin AID3DI}<,! Am1
-Jilt) "ll dX LL6I" (:) SIJ,Q130031DJJ o (:) Ov Ltg[J, ,.Joltl!l}lX,. 1XJX AIJl'(OlXJMJ Allll 5130~013rl ArlOA-f)X DA A-DDI}OOOllli 1DX
D<,/l/'('(3 AltlO - rtorlD9X (lOl 53DrlO(.J)D S)X1dJJJo/,mmiltA11{ 019N A01 Soilll 9liD1'(01llAXJDOrJll ADXJ3 Xl)3ll0XD0031DXJ
511 D1XA3'()~3AJJ ,.nJ,J<,!ODt)rlotJ.. ,.A<)l<,!3All1ioy,. o <)JA3 1)! DJDXOD Xll Xl'(9 119 OJDXru 1DA-J3 A3<,! A1DlJ:S: AOlJ!lXl)I 'I}OA-
oz
iii II 011D1AOXO) (lOll A0'(11\tg, -DOrlO rl01 Xljill01 A-01 A9lllXJ , 1A A005JdlD1<,!A3 OA5Jlim3A-XJAXJ
10 1DAJ3 <)JA3 8ZOZ 01 Sl}oc,moonon A3t)IJ-Q rrm Lt~1dly DAJ 13A-r).l03AJJdJ DA HJ13A-JDdJ S[J,'(1X Slt1 mx 5~AUA-3AOV
Altl ADD38Jl31i rl0'(9Q X3 ADrttDOAJ 01 rlOll J01rlD JW1A Xl13() Slt1 MlJllOXDJ'(ltl Mn ltoltJ01LOA03A3A-Dll3 Ltw:Jlo9all Lt mx
-[J,'(D [J,mrl Altl 3Drl3JDOrlltQDAD 130)~ 01 JJA SJClmX rtolli}1A3 9AD0110 0119N A010 0A-31IJ3XUAXJ OOI}DrlDA?J 13D)ll01A-3 13XJ
(lOA)~ OOOOJ! 5DlA01}31DOrlltgDAD IJ,Arl<,!DOS: AltlD ltXJ!'(3~)3S: V:S:VN H ·o10JDdlorrllt OIAJ!ono 0119N 01 91LD 1DAJ3 Lto
D)'(DrlV lt D1D\J5JS: '010l)M3D \)A19lt'{1l "'Ol. ~OQI -lt1A-J!llD H :JOA-Xlrl001llrl1N 10 A-DOOIJ- 'A9ll10'( '!'lOll 91LV
:SIJ-~3 m 31\tJJOAJ 86/6/Sl Suo [J,Mgnog H ·SDJ~D Slt1 SIJ,X100101 Slt1ltrlJ1X3AXJ

<;j? llOZ O.L Vd0<1>VNVI13 H)I!YO ,a, VVVWO zvavou :l:Hd.LHWH\7 j?j?
l·•j
s·91aD .. s~XDommq,. 10 ao:u: 'Smmi\J,wa:s: Smi I}OKD1'tH AO'{l)ri \J, 9111.)) S\J,Ql30031DD 1DA )3 11.3\1 119 MO~J00Ji\./. 101\IJ
ao1 SltDltA,q!. Slt1 D1Ql)1D l)K1XOD m:s: ·Smi ,.l)111.0113A,. 10 1DK I}OdJD OJICDO(lil.l) 11.01 MODJ'{OWII.DDOO:U:OJID Dil. .\<)0()
lt1D D1KA3'{9~3ii.D 1D1ii.OXOJD13 mx (DJV' a01 ltriDII.I}\1 \J,K11 -DlCDOOlC 5?101QD10KD JOlDCIJi\.A 10 1'{l)1C 1D13ii.JDCIJ S(l]JIO~
-rtoD~) lt1 g:u:D SmJoax) ,.1Dlii.OOI}DDOD:U:,. '91Xoo1 l)11D'{:U: l)l :5\J,Q1300310)) S(l)rig 1Di\. J3 i S\J,(,l110031DYJ 0 3A YJMlJ:U: D()
-3KOD mri MtOdll)o!.mq S<;J()DK '10'{'{'9 JOK1o3ri '(ltJ lt1 g:u:D rto:u: oprillD ow 110:U:J03:u: Amgxmof) ltJ Lt 11o:u: \J,tikuD lu
l)lii.OK I}'{O:U: AI}OAoJ:u: Sam ao:u: o:u:go1 0101~1 9mx) 01'tH. \J,(,lD'{LlQ "'13Dl)1Dll'{:U: SDri A10:U: 530~1) 011.91i 511J3DDJWK3V
11.01 Soo:u: AaOII.OJdl Sam Sr..womx l)WK 1w:u: S;nXoih 11.1WX9 "'1?66! <101 n.OJOfJli3K3V 6 511D
S)3qnoo31DD Sao1 gJID 1010JIY))I :l)K1'{1t m l)laD SDri 'lOX:S: 5ri1J~l origAOOlDD OM)X1031l\f 11.01 91CD 3Klt(1dli)'{DK
lt1\J,ii.D'{JI il.mD MODl)ldl ))II. AaOII.OJdlDlDK S(l]rig S<;JIJ -DAD SOJOlLO o 'il.(l]ch;pi Ol oil13ril)19 :ni 'Jxlu'(nioAo Snmg
'lt1\J,ii.D'{JI i\.010Jil)K i\.aO~l)11dJ ))II. i\.DDOJ(1 'TWX 1?66 I \J,(,l130031DD 11.01 m/. 1Xl113xgr1u ·Smi ln\J,II.D'{:U:
-ogwx 11.3\1 l)'{'{D 'miltlDI):S: 9KD1'{H 01 ii.DDllAOI}01rillq aoJI 11.01 91LD 'li'{X 000'00 [ i\.0Jl 09X30 iWD1D9lLD ii.IllO 3Klt[i
ii.<;JK1'{a i\.(l]i1.)3X3 ii.<;JK1XOD1(l)OJI 11.(1)1 D10l)A nrimm 11.1}0'{31 -JOB 'ltJ Llw 00319DD103L: 13Dl)1Dll'{lL nX9 1101£ 5\J,qnoil:tlDD
-mm ,11. 1DAJ3 oongADtJm 01 Snl:u: AaOAXJ39 Smi 'S(l]tig '5311. o D03ri\J,o 10XJ1i 5(l)JI '5(1)11\l)lL '3rii10D\J,1ia(i Dil. 13~)~\/
-a30J S303193A 1Q ·m,\goX tJ101)1l1lOWK3D1Q 91ID ,\10JI 3XlttJ ". L!A
-I}'{D1(,? ao:u: Ll1\J,ii.D'{JI aOlOJil)K A(l]ll)liDaDO(l 11.(01 mmiri)3'{ -01iOlLI1 3191 10XJW · IOOZ m 5rl01l9ii.001DD 5t101D )3[jOQ
-o:u:a m Am\! SJ3q13oo3wD 10 s(l]JI 3riD1)31D11C •9 x1Xov Dfl "T I dX LL6!" rto1 LlDLlo\J,wilnlL 11.Ll1 mk DJilmxn3 Ll11.3ri
·somri\J,waD Smi I}OKm'{Ll ao1 Ll1\J,AD'{:U: aov mx aot: ao1 -g:u:3 H '31ii10I}3Ml(,li1.1X oogJI mx Al)3 m3fJJOKD Ll111'{9JID 3ri
I}~D13ri 13Xol):U:it aoJI ,.ltii.<;J~ Llo31JQ110,. LlA3rig!.3'{ LllD 'Llov; 31l<10~JOmA/. Dil. ltD?() 3D 31DD1iJ3 Dt) 'D111.90X Di,J'{ Di\.31l91L3
11.01 mx DJV 11.010 DD3ril)AD ,.13~)KD'{adl,. Sam 51101 l)1X001 DlD DDJli MO~JI.O'{OlL<l 5crmg 5CJl()DK '(mo9X l'J11.91imor,>1 31i)
H ·Srwl grimooooJI 11.01 ADDDX? mx ,.ll)AOI101rillq,. Llw DJ1imoX110t '"AI}OlD1Mo 5311.ori\J,w1JI3 10 'o1QlJlD 9K1XoD
ADXl11Dl)X3~ llOlC ,.I)OK1'{11 I}OK1rill1DD1\I,. 10XA9 1011Dl)03J. 30 1l'J1ii.OKDJilfJ 'rlOJ. l)1X001 1\Ll1 m!. mx OD9 \J,Q130031Dl'J
'0013Jil) OlD DJIOKl)1QD i\.aOI}:l\11~Dl '5)3C,l130031D\f 1101 50()3A?ri OJ. m/. 0091 531J'{31i 5JK113XD 10 mx 11. V
:SrJ.OK1(,?13 S1101 l)WK S\J,Q130031Dll 5rmig 1Dii.J3 1J, I. i\.DODJI0JD
~ 3101K3~ p.r
A '(' "ii.DD
... IVVlO)I:;: -DX<).D11()DK 5Dri) )')(l3lJOCIJA 53rJ~ll 0[ llOlLJ03lL ltj Ll ll'JK
O:L 5ao:L ~U<I> O:L 3TI "Ai\001XD, no NOVIm~l 313KDJOf) D(j 1101£ OJ31lllD 01 91LYJ \J,QD'{UQ "'(Llii.\J,'{3:S: Ul 91ID
10 I)Odm 51lO:LI,JXD 1\0:L 5o'{:p O:L '»O<;.J:L 13~1,>1Dh'{ll Smi \J,omDgmJ 11.LlJ. 5~<Jodl ~·z rtolLJ031L) 5mi Ll1\J,11.nyJI 11.01
11.1,1 5rorli,J AllO~JOroAJ 'M)lQ3ADrioy o SrnJig 53)\ICDom: 91LD i\.0J(hJri01'{1X 000'096 110JI)rJ3lL LlomoglLD 3D 130~dJ
- 53JA1Dl 3ri AaO~l)ri101300:U: 5Dri mx 9111D , 1A ori3'{9JI Xli\1 11.01 D(i \J,Q130rJ3J.DD 1101 l)1X001 Ll 119 11.))~13\19 JOriD1AO'{OlLit
MOAl)K Dil. 1D1i\.O~l)1h013 gum , 1A :S:QlQ)I:S: 01 i\.1\0DI)H • mx 5130\J,Ol31i 530319311. "'5mJI il.aOD<;J()rJ01Q Dil. i\.DDI13JID~
-Ll'{JI DA mk 1m11.0X09 119 MO~)O(l)AJ '1DlAOXOJ 110JI )Oli\1 • V:S:VN Sll1 5JII.Ori~101JI3 10 'nilJJ.gkon S309rilt 5130l

Lv l!OZ Ol VdO<PVNVll3 H)!!VO ,,3, V'VVf~i I :l:VHVOIJ :l:HdlHW!W

917
 48 L'>HMHTPHL: f!OABAL: 49
nMAL'lA "E" OA!KH ETIANA<POPA TO 2011

~tav mo EVTOVE£ XUL OL aOTE(lOEL<)EL£ JTOAU JTE(JLOOOTE(JOL, To ~~Tll!J.a dvm 6n OL row xuBEQVWVTEc; tou ;rlcav~Tll
BovBaQiit~av ouvExwc; roue; wwtE(ltxouc; nA.av~rrc; xm nvrCflETOL m 11 v EAA11VLX~ ox£1/Jll xm rt;ouma~ovwc; we;
roue; lio(lucp6(louc; roue;, li11~uou(lycilvmc; or11v rmcpavna GLWVLOn'c; rt£oco TWV EA£YXOrLEVWV (0LE8vwc;) M.M.E. 8a
wuc; TE(laonouc; X(laT~(lE£. Ot mwt~~wvrc; moTEuouv OllflLOUQY~OOUV Ol1YXL011 rctlccilvrac; yta APMAfEL'.QN
nwc; rua r£wwu ECiiouc; JTQOOXQouoll, rt;acpavwr rta~txa TOU JTP.<IV~Tll ovwc; 1J.6.tma ytcnC 0 APMAfEL'.QN JTA11-
TOU£ OELVOOaUQOU£ an6 Tll f11 Jt(JLV an6 65 EXaTOflflUQLa ota~£t rc6vo yw -roue; .LKOT AL'.ILTE2: acpou m
X(JOVW. E'IIIAON roxovtm yw va Balcm1v T A3H EAAHNIKH
Km cpuotxa am~ llEv ~wv 11 Jt(lWTll cpo(la nou o nlca- ~c£oa OTllV a~at;Ca nou rmXQaTEL E<'lw xm XtA.trtCrc;.
v~Tll£ vac; BQE811XE OTO "mil Co BoA. ~c;" t(J)V lltaOTlliJ.LXWV
II(.?. -' II
1,OUVWV .. ,
Mi'XQL o~rtE(la £xow mCo11fla avayvco(JWTEC navw owv
JtAaV~Tll [lac; 102 TOJT08EOLE£ OUYXQOUOEWV, OL OJTOLE£
litaX(lLVOVTUL a(lXETa xatla(la an6 1/JllAa (ECtr an6 UEQO-
nlcavo EL TE aJTO i)O(lUcpO(lOU£), fl£ Tll flO(lcp~ TE(laOTLWV
XQUT~(JWV. To rLEyaAUTE(lO, ana xm mo "avaylcucpo"
tETOtou ECilouc; "Oll!J.allt" nou EXOUflE avayVCO(JLOEL IJ.EXQL
O~flEQa EC vm o XQUT~(lac; "Kouv Mnwl't" ~ "Mn£Qtyxrv"
JTOU avaxa)cucp811XE TO 1891 XOVta OTO fOULVOAOOU, OTll
06QELa A(lt~6va twv HilA. H lltaflETQO£ wu X(lUT~(la
auwu ECvm 1.265 rtET(la xm TO Ba8oc; TOU O~flE(la - Jta(la
nc; llta0(lwo£Lc; - cptavEL om 175 flET(la . .Li'l!J.cpwva flE nc;
flEAETE£ JTOU EXOUV yCvEL OTllV JTEQLOX~, UJTOAOYL~ETUL ncoc;
0111J.LOU(ly~811XE Jl:E(JLJTOU TO 25.000 Jt.x., an6 [\La "Es
ou(lavou" rta~a vtxclcwuxou otli~Qou IJ.E lltavnQo 61-79
IJ.ET(JWV xm Ba(louc; 2.000.000 t6vwv!
An6 w naQanavw nou na(lat£811xav we; mtotllflOVLX~
£1TES~Y11011 yta TO TL Oll[la(vEL aotE(lOELO~c; YLVETUL EUXOAa
avnA11Jtt6 6n aur6 nou anoxalcouv amcQOEtli~ m oxota-
llwt£c; OEV ELVUL aut6 JTOU 8£A.ouv va AEVE ana xan
6.no!!!
OMAAA "E" OAIKH EIIANA<l'>OPA TO 2011 51

KE~AAAIO 2o

Ol EWIAON I:TEANOYN MHNYMA ...

MH q,QBAI:TE EAAHNEI:
AUAA MHN EUANAUAYEI:TE ...

l:1a rrgorlYOUf!EVct xe<jJciA.ma arro<SECI;a~LE xm EJtW11[!U-

vctf!E f!E em0111f!OVLX6 1g6rro 6n: a) Ot rrA.av11nx£<; xtv~­
on<; E1t11QEUs011V TOV av8gwrro, B) 0 11Jt01L8E[!EVO£
Ag[!aye<Swv 6ev EL vm 1LJtOTE ano rraga 11 rrgoorra8ELC(
ctJtOJtQOOC!VcttOALO[!OU 1WV ctVOQWJtWV, y) 'QA.m OL ct01QO-
VO[!OL 6£xovtm 6n [!Eta w 2010 £gxnm "xan" rrgo<; 111v
Y11, 6) Ilegvci[!E oe [!Let v[a mg£o6o 1011 Y L'l.POXOOY. l:e
err6[!EVO XE<JlUAmo Oa arro6e£1;o11f!E 6n TO DNA 1wv
EAA.~vwv e(vm 6Lct(jJOQE1LXO xm av8exnx61EQO arr' 1wv
11rroA.o£rrwv avOgwrrwv et<Stxci yw 10 D.N.A. 010 3o xm
4o XE(jJUAULO 111tUQXEL 11 EJtL0111[!0VLX~ avaA 11011 Jt011
"O(jJQClYLsEL" 111V aA.~Oew yta 111V 6tct(jJOQE1LX01111Cl 1011
EAA11Vtxou D.N.A.!!! E<Sw Oa aa<; "6e£1;o11f!E" 6n mE
m£A.vo11v 10 6tx6 1011<; f!~V11f!ct rrgot; 6A.o11<;!!!
l:uf!<JlWVa f!E 111v eAA. 11vtx~ rraga6oo11 ot A811va£ot
xa<ayovtm arr6 10 orrEQf!ct H<JlctLOT011 xm arr6 111v Oea
A011va, 11 orro(a 10 rrE<cti;e rravw 0111v Y11· Ex 1011 orrEQ~La-
10c; a1110u rrgo~A.Oe o Egtx06vwt;, o orro£ot; f!EyaA.woe
 OMALl.A "E" OAIKH EITANAcDOPA TO 2011 53
52 Ll.HMHTPHL f!OABAL

ftEOa OE ~ua /..~xv8o xm an' avt6Y o EQEX8Eii~ 0 Bam- AY<iyYW011 OT11Y YEOEAAllYLXi\ xungwx~~ myaxCOa~ TOU
f..Ei'J~ noy En~YwY. ' IISa/..(ou, f'E ouf..Aaf3€<; Tunou Chadwick:
Ea,Y El;na~ollfLE n~ JtA11QOcpoQfE~ avtf:~, ByafYEL 10 n
Ef..Eii8EQ11 aJt6b0011 (UQXil an6 TO Ollf'ELO 1) 1.
Ef..Ao( T11C: AoCac;, nou cuQfoxwElc oTo Bao(f..ELO wu
Ollf~JtEQUO~a OTL E~Y 11 0£a A811YU UYTLJtQOOUJJTEUEL TOY
LELQL?, OJt<u<; 11 Iotc;, 1WL an6 mn~y ngo~/..8c 0 AQ<ix. 0 8E6c; aJtaYnx: 2. YwC K6wY, ExeC 6nou E(Ym 11
EQtx8oYwc; xm et; avTOu xmayoYnn OL A811Yafot t6T£ n6/..n nm1 Bamf..EliEL om 1~6/..a, f:la YLxijoouY TOY una(no.
UJt?OELXYUETat OTL JtQOEQXOYTaL OL 'Ef..A11YE<; an6 TOY 3. LTOY XLtlQO EYT6c; LXTQUXTOll ~W. 4. Toy XLXYOYLX TOU
2:ELQLO, 011/..ao~ E:xouY "rt;wy~LY11" ngo£t..r1,011 . aQY(ou ay£/..aBE ya :rwC/;11 on)Y Yll o 2:dJ, TO TEAWYLOY. 5.
LTOU<; ijmou~ Jta(ISEc; Owu, OE ewu TOJtO, 0 Kg6Yoc; EJtEOE
To nagan<iYw OUftJtEQUOfta ['ac; ro EmBef3mwYEL 11
n<iYw touc; f'E 86QuBo. 6. Ot TouQoii, t..a6c; y£oc;, Es AoCac;
a~OXQl!JtTOY,Q<icp11011 JtL Yax(/ioc;, ftEOOXl!JtQO['LYUJ'Lx~c; yga-
unnoijf..f:lc oTa f'EQ11 ouc;. 7. LT11Y Y11 Tot' N Eff..ou aYETQE-
'P11<;, no~ BQwxeTm ?TO Ioaf..toY t11c; Kun 0ov, 6nwc; £yQa-
\jJE 11 Ef..EY11 ZwyQacpt<'lov ~<iywu. cpno omaY<ic;. 8 .'Eyac; Ex TWY xa11QWY f'E ~xouc; o~CxQUYE
H mYaxU)a UQXL~EL f'E ~ua b£11011 oToY rle6'Hf..to _ T11Y X11ftaTL~OlJOa OUQCt TOU. 9.'HTUY 11 8fif3a 11 0UALXOOLY~,
OtllY Agu~a(a, o yfoc; oou oCxoc;. 10. 'Eyuc, <if..Aoc, Bouc;
2:EfQLO xm anmcf..r(n:n an6 ouo 61jJEL<;, one; onofec; £ytYE •j

aYTLYOYQa<jJ(a, yta ya f'JtOQOUY Ya EQft11YEl!0o{JY. OT11Y JtEQLOX~ t11c; Eyxw~~c; €moE. 11. TiatEQLX, TllC: XLJJQLXC:
H .S€11011 rfYm 11 et;~c;: ·I oou tm1c; yaoiic; cyfoxuou. 12. 2:t11Y 2:ax6.Qa ~LE f3o~ ryxa-
"I: !' O'EYa
' ~ '
0. n ' "'!'tQLE '
ow,..m. I:u 1tUYTa 0'!' ULO "' TEOTY)GE tllY xuTotxCu TOll TO TEAWYLO. 13. AuT6c; 11011
(arro) 1tUTfQU Qf!'IS !'IS TOY LliLXO O'OU VUO TOU JtEQLYQ6.cpnm oTa EJtll ~E ~UXQL6. uutL6. xut<i TWY
I:,EtQ LOU T.ou, UO'l]l-lfVLOU. 1:!' o£va 1tQf1t!'l 1-lE~UA l] A811YufwY YLX11GE xa8e wxwY6. 14. TwY Ouf3aCwY OT11Y
KEYEEY6. nc; otxCrc; EOELGE TO TEAWYLO. 15. TwY ya·c66.QoJV
lio!;a, yunL X~Ql] 0'1' orva, ALOyEY~, o ~J.w;; QEI'I".
TO Buo(f..ELO TO YEO ea TO YLX~011 0 JtLXTEQUc; ['etc;. 16. 8a
"·UQUTl]QO~I!!' OTL 0 aezaioc; UI!VWOOS arroxal.d
11tt11Elil (aut6) otoY wxwY6. 17. Ot yaoC, 611011 o acpt/..6-
To; HI.LO-;-l:!'LQLO, AwyEv~. AI.Al] I!LU arrolin!;l] OTL l]
Om AOl]va. ou,..~oi.H;n Tov I:EiQLO, lJ orroia ovo 11 ul;E- sEYoc; aY8QW 1tOC: OTOY sEYO 8EO T(( 11UL6ta 0011, TOlle;
TO ALOY!'VlJS· Mui.LO'Ta AEVE OTL YI'YY~Ol]XE arro TO 'JWYEc;, xat6. GUQQO~Y fhJO(UGE, 8u JtLXUOOUY. 18. TOll<;
X!'CjiUAL TOU ALo;;. "etQYUQoiic;" y£ouc; an6 tou TmYagou toY xwgo Yet yxQE-
TIUQ~8£no. JtUQUXatw TO UQXCtLO x£f~LEYO xm T11 Y YEO- ftL~Etc;, 11mbC ftOU. 19. To 11mbC T11C: ~ij/..ou e(Ym afit11TO
EAA11YLX11 anoboo11, 111~ ognx<ihtY11<; mYaxfooc; an6 TOY ot11Y 86./..aooa. 20. ExrC 6nou r(Ym oL BwC oou, YLX nmilc;
roue; tacpouc; oou. 21. H A811Y6. 8a f'LA11011, 6TLXY i:f..B11 11
KaA/..(ftaxo ~toyi:Youc; xa8wc; xat Ta ox6t..w tou
wQLX. 22. 0 MCvwc; 8a f3aotf..EU011 tnc; er·cxijc; unomof..ijc;
fEwQy(ou TIETQ6Jtouf..ou ( 111 b11f'OOLEU011 mntobtx6
"~au'1\0c;
' ") . " ot11v 8~f3a. 23. 'Eyuc; 8nf3aCoc; ijgwuc; 8a 8uYLXT<D011 roue;
 54 I'.HMHTPH2: f!OABA2: OMAI'.A "E'" OAIKH ETIANA<!>OPA TO 20 II 55

vavou::; JtOU xguBonm (JTa GUVVECjJC!. 24. To IoaA.LOV vao[ c[ym xmawwgm (Es EB£you). 49. To T6BE dvm o
fLEXQL ouv6gwv [LE TTJV Kw Etvm rrEQLOXfi TTJV orro(a ll Sea o(xo::; Tll<; umva<;. 50. LTOU~ BaCJLAEUOVTE~ OTllV rll Ao[a
Sa llEQLA.<iBTJ GTTJV axt(va twv BEA.wv TrJ£. 25. LTTJV Ao(a EJtLXQC!TEl Esll rrgoc; TOY (JtJtO. 51. LTO 0CBL GE UQYl'Q6
Sa rrgooxwgijoouv OL Ouba(m TTJ£ KEvvEva. 26. 0 6cpL£ racpo nJgCoxnm o vEo~ f"lE6<; (m6::; Toll 2:£8). 52. 2:wv
on:; GUXE£ TTJ£ JlEQLOXfi£ oou Sa T]LTTJSfi [tE BEAll. 27. Tov Iav6 fLETacpsg8!1XE o v£o~ o(xo<; tou Pa. 53. 0 Kg6vo<;
Sc6 2:ES Sa tov aA.wo11 11 avwo11. 28. 0 O(xo::; tou Bou owu<; Owi)<; Twv AtA.avnov Oa BamA.euoT]. 54. 2:tT]V f11
XUTC!VOEL 6n C!UTa JtOU ayarra<; 0011 J1C!QOU<JLaGS!lXC!Y SEA.- croll oe arromoA.ij EXEL EA.8EL o 0E6<; fa"ibago<;. 55. ME
XTLXWTEQC! UJ16 XaJlOLOU£, 6mu~ GU[Lf)a( VEL [tE TllY EVTUJ1(1)- ;\.6yLa TOU<; Kaoo[ TE<; TT]<; Ao(ac; f11<; /;EOijXUJCJE EVUVTLOY
Gll arr6 to aMTLG[La. 29. 'OtaY BA.Errll~ rrEg[cgya mma, va 0011. 56. <PuyE CJTT]V Yll TCOV ULUJY oou. 57. Ot moe T(JJV
xataA.aBatvll~ 6n rrg6xcnm yLa t01J~ ya"ic'\Ctgou::;. 30. H ScciJv f)umA.euollv oe Ocwv 8g6Yo. 58. 2:n<; umvE<; Su OTJ<;
SE<Jll Tll~ K urrgou £L vm fLE TOY natEga !ta~. 31. 0 Bou~
' I
6n m umta w11c; dvm A.crrga. 59. Ot liLOL tou Kg6Yoll
cyxmaBtciJVEL [L6vo GE T6rro T]Stx6. 32. 0 ;wtEQa~ fLU~, ll ELVUL OV!lTOL 60. LE aHoll~ 11LOU~ TOV Pu Sa eyxmuotij-
OLXC!L(J)<JT], GTllY aLWVL6tllTa sTJ, EYUJ GTOU~ ELQWVE~ uwuc; (J(\). 61. 0 Ouvo~ an:6 v£a rr1 ECJEYa Su xamA.aB11. 62. 0

[LC!~ TT]~ haA.[a<; XUQLUQXEL T] LW<Jll (;) 33. LTOU i'1(a TllV Kaoa( 11]~, TO TEAUJVLO, EXEL ta mma TOll OTQU[L[LEVCl EXEL
rr6A.TJ YEa A.urr11 fLU~ rragouotaoS!JXE. 34. Ot v£oL EYEiiwoav 6rroll OTJ!LLOliQYfiOT]xav ta btT] twv ll[llOUJV. 63. IIutEQCl
GE Bou i;Evo, m6 l:coou. 35.'Ec'\uoE o o[xo<; tou 1'1t6<; GTTJV fLU~ 0!1[3a(E! 2:tllV KEYEEVa mavw CJTQOYYl'A.oxaOT]OE £vue;
Aota. 36. H ijna TOU LJ1J10U xm TOU xarrgou JtOU Sa y(x"iougo~. 64. 2:wu<; OliBaCou~ on]Y Ktvan EliQt<JxETm TJ
EJtEA.S11 otou~ Yaou::; rrou Ecpnal;av JtQEJtEL Ya Etvm c'itttfi. mx(u toll tEA.wvtoll. 65. KllxEwYuc; EtYm w T]A.Co11 vEo
37. IImv£~ GE 6A.ou~ rou~ Agouoa(oll<; g[mc SEE. 38. 0 ETO~. 66. LTT]V fT] TO\J 'OGL[ll XLVllt6 ELVaL TO t(!)V SEWV
2:£8 XaL OL Es AGLC!£ XaJtQOL GTT]V C!JtOGTOAij GOll TllV £we;. 67. LU JtaTEQU, VU VLXij<JT]~ [LE tu JWTQLXa GOll fiSll
1'1uocw~, GTTJY haHa, ELGE<'llloav arr6 onE~. 39. IIoLYE~ ou TOY ra·u\ago. 68. LTO Buo(A.ao Tll~ Kurrgou 11 VEC! EsT]
QLJtTE owu~ ya"ic'\Ctgouc;. 40. ME VEQ6 TO VEO tEgac; va dvm OL XO[lOL t(!)V VE(!)V. 69. ME TOll<; moue; JtOU mwgou-
VLXa~. 41. 0EE [LOU, OT!lV Yll CJOU XatijVTT]GC! OXllVLT!l<;. 42. vtm Sa urroi;cvwOij xaOE Youc; rrmowu. 70. L:llyxi'vtQWGE
0 rn6~ T01J 2:£S, o SE6<; avSgwrro<;, EXEL mo8EtllSfi arr6 ra awv 0E6 'Qgo m ij(h] TOll JtaLOLOU 0011, TOli'Iwva. 71.
JtaLOLa GOll. 43. Na [Laxwm TllY UaLYa [LE TllV tg[mva. 44. Meyaf.11 ouHoyij GtllY Yll croll rrooxaA.EOE w Ecpag[Loo8£v
0 6vo~ Es aLTLC!~ A.aSwY T(!)Y Oulia[wy EYLVE TWQC! 0 xaoa- GTllV fT] tT]c; L:uxijc; ewe; arr6 8cou. 72. Ta fi8TJ T(!)V JtC!L-
Jtll<; twY v£wv. 45.'Eya~ OuBgeo~ £tal;£ wv caut6 Tou CJE bwv TT]~ Ao(u~ XAL VOliV JtQO~ TOV CtQYliQO. 73. OL vao[
BaotA.Euouoa rou 8wu Yll mou~ TTJ~ btxij::; oou Yll~ TOll~ T011 Agyugou ecou ELVaL GE tacpou~. 74. 'Omv axou~ ytu
/;E<JijXUJGE C!UT6~. 4 7. LTC! fi811 EUQLCJXETaL TO ;\.a SO£ TUJY A.6yta wu Owu ru·ioago11, va Evvoijc; urr6xcocpo BoliT]t6.
utwv TTJ£ fll<; Ao(a~. 48. Toll Swu Kg6Yoll oro T6BE m 75. Nu UVC!VEWVllc; TT]V rll CJOll Tile; KEVE TOU<; VEOll~. 76.
'I}OD'( ll001f£)0D\:) S9A3 il03JlL Aill 91Lrl ~8DDX/,lJi\lJ i\DXJ3 10 -OlD91lD D13'(]1 il1Dllfrl11 (\01£9 'i\(1)3'(91! i\(1)1 i\(lJ'(9 DO)lilrl
-JOlLO 10 mx i\(1)9)[ ~ A(l)9W Sl}om J3'(DX01LD SrtOJOlLO Srtol '01il'(JW AillD 'lfAilf)y AillD 'DJV' '(5 iDOlJll mx lJlQ3 D11
SDJDV Sill (S3Ail '('(3) SI}0'('(3 SrtOlD 3Q 1lJ130:jdllJi\ v -9rlrlox SilAlfX DA il1 Jll1X AOl I}D3 131l)OU '(8?I nm DOJ3X
·,J~X01L3 3191 Aill) i\~X1Ail'('(3 il) O'(Dll90 3rl 3Dilll(l1X i\01 S]ooctJ S130l 'DQJDll 90DJA 3191
Aill Aodmal.:J mx AllO'(J1i(l) 119 A3rllJ18X3g DA 131L)Oll 3191 'D]'(1DD\:) oXxDLAO.L ·sam S13~9ilo 10 MOI}3iloJ.Dllrt S(l)ll9
'olllrtAJV Aill SogJXDA11L Sill S~dmoJ. Oll91 S(l) 'A3rllJ18XJg '1!!: oJ£1 MoJ.919 A(l)JD113X Mn Jom 10 A(l)JD113X ilA. 3S: ·s~;.
Alf3 'ilD]llJrlil'(£)001! Snrl Di\ S(l)OJ 3DI}0001Lri D8 (rlOJ'(il 1}0 -DlDX i\1101\lfX lJl(l)O] 01(1))3'(31V '01A9'(003rlil 9XD1'(il 01
-101L08DAD S11il191g1) A91V 1101 lfl3rl (So1'(~) Dd 1}038 1101 il~lf'('(D , i\ Dri03'(:)101lD 5(1) MOX] D8 S3JOllO 10 'S313AO)i\3
51~0Dlli}MD H 'lJlDOD<t> i\0031D)i\3AD13ri S13 311}0 ,\00310 S3i\(l)L 10 i\<101\lfX Di\ 3Xil8X]O(l) S938 SO/\]~ 0 '10JD113X
-)i\3A001L S13 311}0 ~80QOlllJ ,A 1DllJi\I}Q i\3Q ~1rllJ SJXD/\11! il 10 AI}0'(3101lD 3D Sooll DriDDJrl 'DO:JlDll - ?38 ADDilOlJlX
SlJllL3MS: 'A91DAXV S13 'il01 lfriOA9 01 3~D'('(lf '3Q So1QJ 0 -30001! rlOD lf1Q1Dll D1 '91ilA8 D)'(1DD\:) - ILOOAlfi\0 5.10'('(9
'AlJlDA A(l)l S3'(lfllJlLD Su mx i\Oli}O'(ll ilQlf8ilD i\01 'S3JDrl8 ,lDX - SDAlDI} lf11ilD 3rl i\OAJ3X3 ,I ·o109 3f)lfX mx ADD
S]OillDrim Su 'aoo~'(X ao1 S3JDD'(OXD Su 3rl SoA]1io -113A9dl3 D101lfl.C D.L 'f)JS:-11 V,: i\01 3ri 1\(l)l_li\1W i\(1)1 938 i\01
-mgilD 'A91V f\01 ,\~lf\lJ 31i 50A(l)ririV,: ilOl DJ301D'( Aill 30 1\DOillD]lDXU,\D 'llOD lf1\l1Dll D1 'DJ\l llO(l '1100 011:91 1\0lS:
-illD:j1DX11i\D gmonq, (l)A9'( i\3 o 'A91D(l),\A 11DriAlf01L 1DAJ3 ·So(l)AJW ilOl JOOf)X3 10JDAilxrtW mx 10JDI:Jil8 i\D~O~ll_A
'('X'll Z:9ST - OSST) ,\7 Soq1dJ9A3rly <;JDOD(p n01 ~Xom '(ilj /\ill ~\lD'(ilq) I\0)013S: 1101 DJX101!D AillO 'ilOJ013S:
Aluo SlJlX1i\OOX 31inoo~13801L01 Ail1 Di\ 13AlJ130X01Lil Smi rw1 ilJ. Ala 91lD A(l)9W i\Oll 5(1)3D~rloo~J S~Mox S~A
'(A91V ~) MJllV 501Dri9AO n01 AOA9ri mx 51~0D1LI} H, -110'('(D Sill Silri~Ari S13 'M)l'(lll11V i\101 i\(1)'(9 ill]Ail (l)DDlfl
·S13ilt91LD S]X100101 S3A}rl D<OAJW 1\0.L 'S(l)AJW 0 'MD9W 1\0)1 SltA. Sill Si)3'(1DD\:)
-0l031f)DX 10 1D1i\Oll]01Di\\f '(13rfl~'(1031L i\3) O'(f\OE9013U S93fl 0 lfl•\DllD 11 I\DDil1lJ10 3rl 'Dd Silk Sil'('(lY )0'('(3,
' j ,\01 91lD D\lJXDi\11! ilA1X'(lfX1300 AillD D1'(9XS: :AlJl\:)D'('(IlD ilDlf\:)ilDDOdJlf13W
. ,(l)lfllD8 i101i 91<\ i\010 'SDJ'(Dl I Sill ·soonqwJ
(:) Oli\DOlfl V i\010 '(I)~ lJlA3 ll01l9 'll1D9 ilJ. 30, :iloill!)l03 S939 0 138'() 13X) ~'(OlDOllD 30 1100 ltk AillS: 'S8 'SilOS:
Aill 303f)} I}Odm Dl!J3 AlJll V D\lJDll i\01S: '3191 lJAO'(lf Dl o ml3XDJOil3 1own i\Ol SDrl DO)lDll Ams: ·z:s ·aoi'lJoX
3rl i\01 SD1AlJ11Dll0\l01l 'ADO(l)1lfi\D8 lJ}'(1DD\-) rlOD 91f\ i\01 1101 SilO/\ o 1DAJ3 S913A3 0 'T8 'f\OXDJ'V 1101 Smll 1Di\)3
ms: rto1101l(ooe""lf 10 '(11ooJ.1fAo) solllLJ nwoX9 1rtmmAJ3 SvJoil.t Sin Smll o ·os ·x9ilv no1 013'(JDXJ\:l o1o ilDI,l3'(1DDI:J
noll 'rtO}A am 1}01\loi:J rtm A~rlu Soou 'DJDilOMD AI}0'(31 D() SnoJA 538JODV Srto1 91lD 5DA3, '6L ·oo?)[ Ailw •<os:
5319~01 531 J111X 10 'ilJ. AillO 110J'(il <101 S31:)~l8 Suo 'ill~O)[ i\01 3ri ~f)Di100XAi10 Df) DAJD_A_H '8L '01]\:)0.L 010 30(1))\:)Dl
AillO D1\l91:J D!)l~ 3W . Al_l00i101XlX Aill Di\ i\lJXil8'(lf\:) 'ilOJ'(lt -DXA3 '13f)'(] 13XJ llOll '~'(OlDOlLD il ilOXO)q i101\1Dlf01l 110.1
1101 il09X ilA]ri(l)li11 01'(~ i\01 0'(9 30 Ail.L '110J'(H il01 SO'( ·LL ·ms: o 303I:J3,""(1)1 DillJlX Ailw 13DlJl'(D 13X9 sl}oDi\ s1w.L
u; !IOZ OL VdO<I>VNVll3 H)[!VO ,a, VVVWO :s:vavou :S:HdLHWHV 9>
 58 L1HMHTPH:1: riOABA:1: OMAL1A "E" Oi\IKH EIIANA<f>OPA TO 2011 59
tcov XEtta[wv (rroA.mCJfLEVOlJ, 8£A.ouv m cyxuxA.orral<'iEt- nA.A6. xm EX8Q6 tou 8wu Ooigtbo<;, TOY orroiov q;6vEUCJE
E<;), va fLETOLX~CJouv. To GYJfLavnx6 rrou avaq;EQEL 11 mva- xm xmatErt6.xwc. Ot Atyi!JTTLOL TOY 8EUJQOUV xaxorrm6
x[lia c[vm 6n o BaCJtAEU<; tcov M6wv dvm o MCvw<; xm 8£6 xm CJUfLITEQaLVOUfLE 6n ~Tav XETTaioc; 8c6c;, TEQaT6-
6xt rt6vo twv KQYJtWv xm m[ rrA.£ov 6n ot M6E<; ~g8av fLOQqJO<;, 8Ewgourtcvoc; rrgo·c6v, (owe;, owoTaugcooEwc;
arr6 tov LELQLO xm arro[xwav GtYJV fYJ, rrou voE[ Tat av8gwrrou Xat XT~vouc; ( aq;ou CJL XEHC!LOt 01JVE1JQLCJXOVTO
arrotx[a TOlJ L:ctg[ou (litO. A.a6v TEXvoA.oytx<lJ<; rrgOYJYftE- fLE s<!Ja). Agy6TEQa ELO~A8E CJTO rr6.v8EO T(J)V AtylJJTTL(J)V,
vov) liEV arrEXEL rrOAll TO EV A6yw aCJTEQt, acpoi) ELVat 0 CJtXV 8£6<; TOU xaxoiJ". (LXOAttX, fE(J)Qy(olJ I1ETQ6JT01JA011
4o<; XaT6. CJEtQCtV arrOOTQCJE(J)c;. L'l.m1A.6c; 126).
H X1J'1Qtax~ m vaxUia rta<; q;avEgwvEL 6n o L:dgto<; Arr6 TYJV av(xyvuJGYJ TYJ<; mvaxilioc; rrgoxuma 6n rrgtv
AaTQEU8YJXE w<; 8E6<;. To Y}Atax6 YJftEQOA.6yto ~Tav Ev XQ~­ XtAt6.1iE<; XQ6VtCl ~A8E eva TEAWVtO (T£ga<;), CJTT]V [YJ, 0
CJEL GTYJV EAAYJVtx~ A[yumo xm 11 avawA.~ Tou aOTEQO<; L:£8, o 8£6<; ro.·coagoc; (6rrmc; To arroxaA.Ei), ftE CJxorr6 vn
LELQLOU CJUVEJTLJTTE ftE TYJV ErrOX~ TYJ<; ET~CJLa<; rrAYJflfLliQCl<; TYJV btmp8ELQYJ· To rrag6.1iol;o Eivm 6n TO T£gac; a1JT6 ~A.8E
TOlJ NECA.ou (yt' a1JT6 xm m mJQartUiE<; ~CJav rrgoCJavato- v' EV(XV rrg6.otvo liioxo XC!L cyxatE~LCOCJE CJTO ToB£w;
AWfLEVE<; vn 1i£xovtm n<; axrivE<; tou). (6rrmc; xagaXTYJQLOTLx6. avacp€.gn). Err( rrA.€ov, ftC!<; arroxa-
Ev tEAEt yivnm xm6..SYJAO 6n urr~QsE agxtx6. £vn<; A.{m:TEL 6n m TguJE<; cCvm rrmbt6. Tou rrg6.mvou liiCJxou
A.a6<; Ot M6E<;, Ot orro(ot yta alit£11XQtVLCJT01J<; aXOftrj (m muJVtm EX8QOL Tmv EAA.~vmv;)!
A.6ym><; 1itwrr6.grJGtXV GTYJV fYJ. Ot XnwCm urr6 TOY Bnm- To tEAWVLO cnJT6 ELX£ OXEOYJ fLE TOY Kg6vo, cm6 tov
A.t6. - TEQa<; 2.:€8, avnxatEGTYJGav To T]Atax6 YJfLEQoA.6yto orro(ov xat6. rr6.oa m8av6TT]Ta ITQOEQXOVTaV (aCJE~Eic;
ftE TO CJEAYJVtax6 xm EqJEgav TYJV xataotgotp~ tEAOUCJav .SE TtT6.vEc;) xm ~aCJLAElJCJE (6rr(J)c; vue; fLC!QTlJQEL 11 mvaxCoa)
CJlJVOUCJLa fLE ~wa. moue; AtA.uvTE<;, (Kg6voc;- Kg--6voc;).
To "w1;6n<;" urrovocC TYJV EmBoA.~ xm TYJV BCa, xm Errov£vmc; OlJfLJTEQaivoUfLE 6n JtQtV XtAt6.1icc; xg6vta
cwcpaA.w<; ~A8av w<; xmaxtT]TE<;. Err( rrA.£ov 11 xgovoA.oyCa (JlJVEBYJ rua EX8QLX~ EL<JBoA.~ OTYJV fYJ, urr6 TOY Kg6vo, fLE
(1380 - 1372 rr.X.) CJ11fLrr(rrTEL fLE TYJV QtstX~ xataCJTQO(jJ~ aQXYJY6 tva tegac;, Tov 2.:£8 (Tuq;wva). ELxE me; orraliouc;
TOlJ avaxT6Q01J TYJ<; K VW<JOll Xat fta<; x6.vEL (jlaVEQ6 6n Ot Tou wuc; Tougou-Tougou, Ouvvou<;, XEnaCouc;, m orroC-
XcnnCm w/;6TE<; EL vm urrcu8uvm yta TYJV xmaotgoq;~ OL JtOAEftoUCJav touc; 'ImvEc; ( Touc; moue; M6wv-EA.Awv)
am~ TYJV orroCa BcBaiw<; ot mgwrroulinmot wtogtxoC xm TOll<; 8uoia~av moue; vaouc; Touc;, arr6 E~EVO. 0 vu8oc;
[La<; arro/i(/iouv CJTOU<; (rrOALnOfLEVOU<;, ElJYEVEL<;'EAAYJVa<;) TT]c; "lq;LyEVEtac; EV Taugotc;" ELVat fLLa vagtugia 6n
Axmouc;!!! 8uoia~av Touc;'EAA.T]vEc;. Ax6rtu 6n ot Kg6vELot, rtasC flE
'Ooov aq;og6. tov 8E6 2.:€8, 11 rrayx6CJrtta xmEGTYJfLEVYJ TOuc; A tA.uvTE<;, £xavnv CJUfLrtaxCa EvavTiov Twv EA.A.nvwv
t<JTogia tov avaqJEQEL w<; 8£6 nov At yurrTCwv, ac'IEA.q;6 I xm TOU<; E/;ET6msnv C!Jt6 Ta flEQYJ TOuc;. EmQQLJtTEL EU8u-
II.

I
60 6HMHTPHZ f!OABAZ 61
OMA6A "E" OAIKH EJIANA<!>OPA TO 2011
vet; cn:out; Ou6a(out; xm tout; OuBgaCout; yta TTJV xam- (A.1 gaxtot;, £( vm to E<JWTEQtx6 <Jxacpout; nov Cmmm ~
atgocp~ aut~v 6t6n d; mt(at; twv Jca8wv wut;, "o 6vo<;,
rrJc£a).
"
Eytvc xa<Jarrns twv vEcov" , orrws xagaxtngwnxa avacpE-
/ / / ; /

Ax6[-ta avacp£gouv 6n ot M6rt; ~Hlav arr6 tov L:dgw,

QEL. Ana 6Cvn xm rron£t; EJcrrC6cc; yw vCxn twv EJcJc~vwv ~t£ agzny6 tov MCvwa, xm arroCxwav tTJ:V fTJ. r:mota tw_v
010 [lEJcJcov, Hyovtat; 6n "to IIat6C qc; L'.~Jcou M6wv dvat m EHoC xm ot'Iwvcc;. Agyotcga ovwc; owc-
(Arr6nwv), E(vm a~n]to <JtT)v 8aJca<J<Ja - H 8Ea A8nva BTJ flta cx8(ltX~ rwBoM twv KgovCwv, _fl£ a~xny6 tov ~£8,
ea fllA~<JT) 6tav EA8T) T) wga!- 0 MCvcos 8a Ba<JLAEU<JT) TTJ<; JL01J [cpE(lE tT)\' XaTU<JTQO(jl~ OtT)V YTJ bLOTL 6t£cp8Et?E Ta 'tl8T)
8c·cx~<; arromoJc~<; <JTTJV 8~Ba. -'Eva<; E>nBaCot; ~QWS 8a xm 1a Eetfta tow v£wv, xmEOT(.lEliJE rroU€t; rroJcnc; xm
8avanii<JT) tous vavou<; rrou xg1,Bovtat ata <Juvvccpa -Me ftEtal;u cxutc!Jv xm TTJV Kvwo6 TTJ<; KgfitTJt;. ~n~ft£vwc; ~;c
vcg6 w v[o ti'gas va vtxas". Aoyux 1tQOcplJttxa ytu to TTJV mvax(6a mn:~v arro<'>ctxvunm yta ~oto Jco~o rroJc:-
11EAI.ov. To 2011 rlvm xovta! ~tT)<Jav m'EUnvr<; flE touc; A.tlcavtcc;. H flUXTJ autn xgam:
Tnv d;6xwt; aut~v arroxaJcvrrnx~ mvaxC<'Ja [la<; cmBE- Et xtlcta6r<; xg6vta, xm owcxCt;a €wt; nc; flEQE<; flU£: ~ua
BmcovEt xat o TIJcoumgxoc;, xa8wc; avaJcu<JaflE om n8txa xat 01 arr6yovot autwv, ot Tatago~wyyoJcot
1011 "TicgCim6oc; xm 0<JCgt6oc;" A', xa86Jt:; avacpEQEL, 6n Tovgo\J-Tovgou (Tougxot) ~we; amtJcouv oVVEXE~a xm
"ot At yurrnot TTJ<; rr6Jccwc; Komou xmayxgE[lLt;ow 6vov rrgo 0 rra8ouv avcm tuzw<; va _flat; acpavtoouv
atT)V 8aJcacmav, mn6fi Jc[youv 6n o Tucpwv (L:£8), Eflota- (Tougxoxgat(a - Mtxgaotanxn xata<Jtgocp~ -
t;c flE 6vov xm ~mv EQU8g68gtl;. Km EV y£vct tov 6vov, K uJigtax~ tpayw6Ca).
bEV TOV 8EWQOUV xa8ag6v, a)c)ca XaTEXOflEVOV liJLO XUXOU
L:u~m£gao~w: . . .
OULflOVOt;". Ex twv uvwtEQW O"UI11tfQUO"flUTtxa 1tQOXU1ttH on
Ot 6£ Tiv8ay6g£tot, 6rrw<; c(rra[-t£, avacp£govv tov lJ flj O"TU 1tUVUQ)(UIU )(QOVIU •bE)(OlJXf ~lJV £1t~O"Xf1/JlJ
Tucpwva- L:€8, "wt; 66.xgu tou Kg6vov", 6nJca6~ xmay6- (AQYOVUUTWV) 1tOAITIO"flEVWV OVTWV ~1t0 TO O"~O"TlJflU
flEVO, rrgo£QXOflEVO Ex wu Kg6vou. TOU l:UQLOU, 1tOU 1tQE1tU VU 0EW~01JVTat •(O"Ufl(jlWVU
Ot Ogcptxo( rraJct Jc£yow: "Ot TQLXE£ tou Kg6vov E(vm I1E TOV llAOUTUQ)(O Xat TlJV 1tiVUXtb~) 1tQOYOVOI ~WV
flUUQE<;. Ot xax6Boulcot Tttavcs rro1J £xouv urrEg~cpavov EJ.J.tjvwv (loJvwv, EJ.i.oJv, ~rJ.aayw~-IIr~aQywv).
xag6Cav (IIg6xJcot;). H AtJcavt(t; C!lVO[la1;6tav xm EblJfttOUQYlJO"av tvuv mjJlJAO noi.ttt0"110, ~va TTJV rlJ,
"KgovE(a'Hrragot; ". ai.J.a xaOw<; 1tEQtYQUcprt xat o IIJ.atwv atov
To m6 al;t6Jcoyo an' 6Jca 6[-twc; E(vm 6n ot tEQEL£ "TtftUtO" sE0"1tUO"E 1tOAEflO<; 11Uai;u EJ.J.tjvwv 11"
(xata naoa m8av6tTJta) rrou £ygmjJav TTJV mvax(6a, UQX:lJYO tov Ala xm AtJ.avtwv-KQovrlwv, 11" «QX:lJ·
avacpEQOUV OTt XUt~VtT)OUV OXT)VL TE£, TT)V fT) TOU 0EOU yoo tov Tucpwva (:EtO). EvixiJaav ot 'EI.I.lJvr<; x~t yt'
wut; L'.t6t; xm 6n avayxa<Jnxa t;ow rvt6<; atQUXtou!!! auto brv xatwQOwaav ot 'Atl.avtr<; va xuQtUQ)(lJO"ouv
 62 L\.HMHTPH:L riOJ\BA:L OMAL\.A "E" 0!\!KH EDANA<!>OPA TO 2011 63

u' o.J.11 tl]v fl]. Mr to ntgau,_.a nov uu:Ovwv xut tou~ En( nA.£ov llJr~gxav 01 xllvlxoC <p1A.oao<pot. 0
l!ftf1tHtU 1t0AFI!OU~, t' UQ)(fLU XUtffJtQU!pl]fJUV fJtl]V AQWTOTEA!]£ avacpEQ£1 xgumoygacp1x6. on "onmo£ ~8eA.e
EAJ.alia, aJ.J.a litw<ilO!]uuv Utl]V Alyunto xm ruv lirv va JrEQIYQU'ljJ!] rvav "xuva" ~tnogo\JOE va XQ1JOif!OITot~01J
XUtffJtQF!Jlfto 11 ~~~J.toO~Xl] tl]~ AJ.r1;uvligfiu~, Ou ta "aaTgo Kuvo£".
fL)(U!!f I!F)(Ql Xat fJ~I!fQU. f1a xav£va aatgo 1\ev llnagxouv toOE£ A.mto[!EQELE£
Ev t01JtOI~ I!FfJU uno fJU!!~OAtXOU~ ,..uoou~ Xat f1tt- ava TOV XOO[!O, TOO!] BIBAioyga<p(a, TOO!] AOTQELO (OIOTI 0
YQU!JlF~ 1tUQF!!HVf XQU!!!!EV!] 11 aJ.~Oua. 2:£Lgws EAatQEU81J w£ Eleo£) rraga f!OVO y1a w aorgo TOll
2:t!]V Ivlnx~ PAMAfiAMA, <'naf3a~OUf!E yea nOAEf!OU£ Kuvo£.
n6.vw OE tJrTUf!Eva UQ[!ma, m ono(a EXt61;Euav BA.~[!ma, 'OA.a Ta IEQ6. twv EAA.~vwv, Atyum(wv, May1as ~oav
nou xateatge<pav OAOXAllQE£ JrOAEI£ xm 01 ono(ol £y1vav JrQOOOVOTOAIO[!EVO at' aOTQO aUTO, WOTE T!]V 211]
y1mC o xaxo£ PaB6.va EXAE'lj!E t!]v 2:( ra, TllV yuva(xa rou IouvColl, f!E T!]V avaTOA.~ toll LEIQLOll, 11 ITQWT!] axrCva
JrQLYX!]Jta P6.[!a. Evavr(ov LOU PaB6.v e!;EOTQUTEuoav TOll va JrECpT!] ~lEOO UTa aOUTa TWV IEQWV. M~ITWS ~TOV XI
noA.A.o( BamA.EL£ yea va nagouv T!]V agnay~ Tl]£ Qga(ac OllTO ·mxaCo; nco£ yvWQI~av TOO££ AEJTTO[!EQELE£ OL t8ay£-
EAEV!l£. " VEL£ Nt6yxov yw TOV 2:ELQIO A, yw tov 2:e(gto B, TO
MEQixo( EQEllV1JTE£ a~t!JliBaAA.ow y1a t!]v ngo£A.e1Ja!] OX~f!O TOllS T!]V JrEQI(jJOQCt TOllS, JtQLV T!]V OVOXUAU'lj!~
Ell<pllWV ovTwv ano TO OUOT!]f!O TOll 2:ag(oll xm rrgoB6.A.- TOll£ OJTO Tr]V £J[l0T~~t!];
A.ow ul£ EJTIXELQ!][!O OTI W£'HA.to£ JrOll ELVm 8a JrQEJrfl 01 Exto£ ano t!]V m vaxCoa TOll IoaA.Cou xm noAA.££ aAA.e£
8EQ[!OXQOOLE£ JrOll EmXQOTOUV va £(Vat JrOA i) ll'lj!!]AE£ xm mvax(OE£ JrOU EQ[!!]VEU81]XOV OT!]V KQ~T!], f!E T!]V [!E8000
W£ Ex TOUTOll!] unagsll ~W~£ va e( vm al\uvaT!]. Chadwick f!O£ Of!IA.ouv y1a TOU£ MOE2: noll ~A.eav an6
Ilag£A.n1j!av Of!w£ va oxe<p8ouv on x6.8£ ~AIO£, OU[!- Tov 2:£Lg1o, onws 11 nagax6.Tw: "Zeu, ZEll, xm navTE£
<pwva f!E TOll£ Ollf!JravnxoU£ VOf!Oll£, OX1Jf!OTL~EI £va Moes, nou e(vm ta T€xva JrEQatWf!EVa; EwaxollOE f!E Pa,
!]AIOXO OUOT!][!O, [!E OIU(jJOQO 0(?18[!0 JrAOV!]TWV yugw TOU BamA.£a T!]S M01J (Koll)". "H An6.A.na, xarrOT£ X~JrOS
(onw£ n.x. TO 01xo f!O£ !]Aiaxo ouaT!]f!O) 1-!11 anoxA.Eto[!E- TWV Mocov, eveBA.~81] uno TO n£A.ayo£".
V!]£ T!]£ UJTUQSEW£ ~W~£, avaicoya [!E Tl£ EJTIXQOTOlJOE£ "2:uv<pwva ve rov Hg60oto, o I1ava£ Ef!<pav(oT!]XE
auve~xE£ Emcpavda£ TOll. OT!]V fLUX!] LOU Maga8wva Xat EOJTEIQE TOV JrOVLXO OTOU£
il.Ev OJrOXAELETat, A.omov, va llJr~QSE ~ va llJrUQX!] nA.a- I1EQOES. Ot raA6.TE£, OT!]V vey6.A.!] xa8ol\o TOUS E<pTaoav
V~T!]£ xaTaAAI]AO£ yw ~w~ oto auot!]f!O TOll f!EXQL TOU£ il.EA(jJOU£, OJTOU xm aJrOXQOUOT!]XOV O.JrO TO
HA.Coll-LEIQLOll. "f!llOTIXU onA.a" TOll Mavre(oll- axt(ves nou rrgoxaA.wav
01 agxaCoi'EAA.!]VE£, 6nw£ dvm yvwoto, ogx1~otav XatOAI08~0ELS xm OEIO[!O - TQEJTOVTOS 0£ UTOXT!] cpuy~
OTOV il.(a ~ OTOV Kuva ([!~JrW£ ELVUI XI OllTO TUXO(o;). Tous ewBoA.eCs.
S?oodmAD mx S5JdmoA.1ihu S;!X113XD Suo 119 m~pioN ,.UDIL3"'(? .. I)10:U: DlA 1DX..) ~D10(J,1DILJA! D1A)Dil3"'(3 m:r
·Smi 91£rt19i\OA. ~0011\'i 0131\<)ldJOOJ, OlD DD;lri 3A1Df);lMD 11, :5n01Cl)lO(JAD
01 mx Smri9 1X9 'Sxni 9llil19A mib 01 MOX? mx ADXJ3 ·sun 511o0319DD103:U: Snow nwmAki) MOA;lriDOD:u: 'mo(J,w<1JA!
J0101i90D:J..C OA91i I)'C'(D - SrtOllC)JO(JAD SnoA3TII}O"'(DXO:J..CD l)X1i\lt"'("'(3 DJDXOD D1 AD\:)1101<? !lOll l)XllDilTI DJ,
Sn01 - 5I)ri3 3ri 1010ri9 mA J3 ,\3Q mx Am!J, A3Q 'MDt;Jolt ·5nm nilt)JX lu
1DX i\(l);l(J11ilt 'AC)l3(J 101\9,\. 1DAJ3 1DX i\Dl(J, "i\0"'(1rli3, 10 i\I}OlD1:u:OD031Crt Di\ Dlk (J,riJ.11D lt"'(lt"'("'(I)lDX ,\ltl 1Dli\1}010:U:
i i iD1AOkl)OD1C 9ibnox 90Df)OD I}"'(O:U: DA} ADD 'MO~JA. -okil3A3 noll 'D"'(:U:9 mriD9X03:U:•1 mx S131il)Ai1Q SJllltD,\ki)
-O"'(Ollil i\U1 Di\ 513TII)AilQ031Cil 511 13~DXA.DAD Di\ 1DX - 91<11\ 9:U:D 1D1i\01}31D1D001l Di\ 1Xll3i\JDdJ 53Alt "'("'(3, 10 'M0,\90X
-ltXD 5?A(J31Q 01 ,.D13A.9llil,. 13~1)30Ul.C3 Di\ J3001Cri D.\ ilOU 53 Am03193A Am1 mkilt;nJ mkiJ A01 mx Olo.t!J,tiltv o1A.IJ A01
-101511 '51JD<;JAA. 5?x1A.o"'(oAX31 mx 5?X1Amiltw11l3 5JA;lriltem 'SDJA.DADIJ Slt1 mmil)oo Dl 1ilX:_ni '0"'(13Xt:LAOl mx ~11i03
-oo:u: mx D"'(ll9 I)X11Drtri 5lt1 DlO?X DlD 13X;! '13Xol)llrt 5m1A9 ilOl OJ3Xrtilltx Oi\3TII)11l1 01 '1101DJDibH <101 "53(/0:U:Jih,.
1D)l ·Smlt191DXOD Slt1 ltDC)JAA. IJ,X11Dnri Altl J30U1MD DJO:U:O Sn01 911V ·SI}OXDri 1DA )3 Di\ JDI}OOOllli ll(J SohY'{l)llJX 0
lt 'MlJ:U:C)JO(JAD AC)JX1Q13 1DX A<;JibOD DQI)TIO D101!I)X 13XOI):U:IL "JDlti\ 01 SDAOI}JllllDOO:U: ltliJ,O)l Altl 91lD 010r~/- llllllD"'(I)(J
:SO"'(?l 1D)l ·Snlt19013X001l 5310:U:l)X 3TiilOD?01D~3 MJ '501 ALtw J3"'(01Cl03ll 'SO"(ll(,>Jll'\7 o JDlli}JXDDlJYX no:u: S?(/1300(,>1\D
-I)OX oriltDJ1!3 01 91lD ltA?TI1iD8 131\;lTIDOD:U: ltDt;JAA. DJDXoD 9X1"'("'(ll131i 011DI)031 01 'Sm"'(I),L 0 "ll:J.£l)U i\01 31i no1
lt lt "'(9 - AIJ-OAmibrino S3Aori(J,1D1:U:3 JO"'("'(O:U: Sml!O, ·~J,Xomx IJ,Dltli\I)i\ILD lt1 I)131i 'ltriC)lJ lt1 9:U:D D"'(JlV il01 ltoltil()JXO:U:ll
ltA3~I)OD:J..C mri 9:u:n 1D13XDJOfJ SI}O"'("'(O:U: 3ri DAmdlrii}D DJO:tro Altl 3ri (J,xnnri.\ 11\ m noDJ~3 51J-OX1001D1 Sn01 9:u:n nn pilrn3(J
lt 'n01 DQJOlDll i\Ul 9:U:D 591X3 'orio9x i\01 i\0"'(9 3D 13:U:?O:U: ltoan:u:J03:U: H iltri<;lJ AltlD DD;lli S(J,1ltx1,\ 3XIJ,llri D0319kilD
-mq ao:u: '5DAlt"'("'(3,o S01QJ o mlt19031m1q1 (J,xuADrilto ltw mx AD 'Slt"'(Oll9ilxv Slt1 oXl)ill:) 9031 A01 nrltriiJxniJn:J..C DA
-mi\A.l) DlOUI)X 13X3,"DJDDTIUD IJ,X1A.lt1D01DjfJ,X111"'(0ll0J3k i\Ul 3XltlD)/Xknw SoX10lJ"'(V 0 "D"'(ll9 )/OJ1ioil1 3ri 5mAO"'("'(l)\:)
91£D DO?:U: 'SOOC)JX 59X1i\U"'("'(3 0 D1U190311D1Q1 IJ,X1li\DTIUD 'ltXp:t mo rDAl)ll I)Alt(JV l)3(J lt lt"'(:U:OAl)ll 3Xlt1DJADdni3 AD19
ltlD(llAkr) DlOlli)X 13X3,~VSVN lt mx lt1igxu 13DIJ,ibnok 'M!>Altgy At01 5lt "'(Ougt)xy 5lt1 5DJX001"'(0:U: Slt1 D13XOI)1Q
-Ol:U:ilOXOllD 01 Di\ J3(JD:U:DOO:U: ilOll 'lt"'(}:W1D10V il01 MDAO? Alll l/1Dx Smlt "'l.l:l9X1AD:u: 13DIJ,ilmXoem:u:o DA nk!J, "'(mnx
MlJ1 010(J,1Drtri 01 3TI 131\)D\:)rinD \1 ~il00QAI)~3"'(V il01 5DJ31 "9"'("'(D DQJ?"'("'(3 AltlD D09ibltX1A 13"'("'(I)~)D13- i\(l)(J19.\1DltH i\(1)1
-D01DX3 Slt1 SoX910 S9xuonri o ADlfJ, S910il ~DA;lTID1J.Doibo 5DA91hl.lt 59Xli\DUOH)X o - SoX10J?"'(V o -x·:u: !>6£ OJ,
St;J"'(31i11l3 Sn01 D"'(9 1DAJ3 D03ri!J,o ao:u: 'DJ3:U:TIOlloXnii, · MO~J1DX3QO:U:D Snm mx 91iD1"'(1lO OA3~J?OD1l
1:)031 D1 Am!J, SC)l\:)10XD \L ~SltM,nqmv Sltj, ~no"'(IJ,'\7 Sltj, 31i 5311"'(1!0 5311\D.\),\ Oi}(/ 1DlAO~JADibri3 C)li\3 '1)-0DDDAODU
~i\C)lib"'(3'\7 i\(lll 010fJ,1DilTI - ltri9XD Ollti\1}303~31\D - 01 1DAJ3 no1 S?ibnoox 9nq Srw1 mAp:u: 1D1AO~Jli3ox.\ '9ADono AOl
910IJ ~OODAJDJ, OlD ltqy i101 01Dl)\:)DlD)l 01:r ~lt"'(}1A3IJ 91lD JOMDOJX AI}01Cn1X Snm I)"'("'(D '51)-0ib"'(J'\7 Snow MW"'(
Alt1D DAI)IJ il01 9031 m:r ~D10J3\:)D)l DiS: "(:ADDI}0"'(11i -"'(9\c)D13 Di\ AI}001JX11:3 D031 9 .\on lt~tl?S 1101 53DO?U 10

<;9 IIOZ Ol Vd0<PVNVI13 H)I!VO ,.3, VV'VWO :5:V8VOIJ :5:HdlHWHV v9

AD80~ 119 ADO(l)AJOXDAD ll01 50:U:111'{J<fJ 0 1DX 5D)OC/AV 1DAJ3 J010U 'll010J3:S: llOl ~(/D'{ltq '59M)I am grlm031DV
0 AD19 'ltAAJ;>(l)I ~1D1'{3AADllt[ AOl J;>1DX 1DX 'SOJO:U:O AOl 911D 1Dli\OXOJ1(/ 1DX AD8'{~1(/ 10031()3(/ 10 1DX 101
o 'S91010X S()ODlti o 501(/J o mx 3~llO~XD1(/ mx 3010C)Ji\A -gJO:U: 10 1D)I 'A0'{1nlt[,10 1DX 11l1AOXO:_J0011 i\0)01!0 AOl 911D
-3AD ~1rrn Srrm 1;>1Lt19191 Alt.L ·smi Lt1~AD'{:u: rrm J113 Srrm SnyJrlooqAy Slt1 1lJ~1l'{DJ AOl 911n 1DlAOXOjl0011 (mAg
Am:_JAok i\(1)1 10'{01D9:U:D 'll01iJ.Ol X3 Sm mx 'AC)l38 J01A_ ~ DlA9-1 Sm) 513DC)JA3 S)x1rlltXmmciJ Sm '53Alt'{'{:OL 10
1DA p D8 mx 1Di\ )3 'AD1~ '3liDO]ciJDi\DOO:u: Sm119 'SJAlt 'i'i3. · '1Xo
"" ./

10 'JOX1DOJ Sm 1D1AO~lJ001QD0011 Di\ 13113011 D(j ·s~wn ~ ll01 )Oi\Ok911D 1DAJ3 A1l MOAJOX Di\ MOO)~ 1009 MOOJO
wox~11ll Sm mx S)Ji\3AD81 Sm 'SDQJ;>'('i3 Slt1 10X101J;>X 10 -mi\kDAD Srrm no OJ0110 01 ,11n 'S~Xrrr~ Slt11<?1lrllto DA? 13X
'A91110'{ 'XlJAO'{OABJ i\ltl 1DX llJA0'{011010tJAD Alt1 J;>lD)I -OJ;>11rt DJ\7 1101 5llOi\9A01!D 51101 DlA mx 119 513~JrlOi\ AJ\7,
'i}OADD'{3Il ll01 Sg1k AD1~ :01gJ011 A010 13;1'{ 50031()3(/ 0 'S()OlilD Sll0A9'{Dl\7 SilOl:S:
SgxmClJ 3(/ o '()OXmOJ Snnnome Slt1 J;>1'{1DD[j 1101 S91k 'ilOOQAJ;>~3'iV llO'{J;>k3W ll011DX SllOA)AOl\7 1101 Sn.okg'{Dl\7
AD1~ 'D13A:_J},OlOJOU Alt1 mx DA(1)()1X1ciJ1iV A01 'DAlt'{'{t[, A91llD , 11D SiWA:Jrl1inok31.J1DX Sa ow Sorlowgorrox o
AOl 3DltJ0113 DJ\7 01 53JAlt(/O Jli 50)0110 0 'MOJ'iDXi13\7 AOJ)\7 0 13~)00 SllOl 'JOlllD 1DA )3 1010II '591\7 l\01 J01A_ 10
o 11919 'Sgxmt1J o 1DAJ3 Sll<l<;JX ~~ 5DJ111'{01I Sltl S~llilD AOA91i All00'{]013 XlA A()OOO:u:rl 0)0110 .\010 OO!)JX-OA9lJX
Soox~1111 mx S~A3,\ll()l ·nqJ;>'{'i3 1ll131.:_J'{ rw:u: Snor;1X ~ SnJ:ll 01A98X(1)~3 1DX l;>'{'{ll 01A9t]X111:3 ADA) AlJO C)JOi\i\3
-1'{01! - mlt191i\O ~xnh\ In Jli - Slt1 Soox~11a 31i)-O S~A3k AOl i\0)0110 AOl A0'{1nl:;I,A(1)1 59DN 0 1DX 13XOJ;>11A_
-D81 31()0 1DAJ3 A3(/ "Alt'{'{3,, 0 r,nrLD 0A9'{ 01 DlJ '(ltolt'{J8 'AmALt'i'{3 i\(1)19DN 010 pl.ltgo 11011 91!D01D
'ltolt '{r,tol:) : Slt191) M1l1~101 mx (At)l/,rr nox) MJl:L:OA3 'A<JJX 01ciJiJ.D1:S: Alt1 AiJoernoo:u: DA i\llO'{J8 mx 1ll1A0()30ou 5aoog
-D<?1l? AmJ38 5o'(01D9:U:D mx Sn;oociJ SgmAarlaoxw mAJ3 30 53J'{0\:)1ciJrlD 1DX ltmXI.()O i\llOO)'{DX0011 DA 1lJX SD(/1;>'{'{3
D8 mx 1DAJ3 'i\DlH, ·Snrl ltl~i\D'{11 llOl )113 lt0ll3'{)00:U: mx Slt1 mx ()Orl01Alt'{'{3 rro1 5oJJD)i\3I.DAV Slt1 minoo.
lt0ll3'{) ~X11300ciJD1l? 3rl Dllt191AO 1Di\)3 i\lt'{'{3,Q '9~311 31i Oi\3rl()010QOOI111 S()Olllll 91C1l 01 1DX "i\0'{1~3, 51101 i\1100
31l}O "V" OJD'{DdJ3X 31i 31l}O '5011COOtJAl) 1DAJ3 A3Q i\lt '{'{:;:[, -)'{31113 Di\ 'i\C)l101i\OJ1:<;: i\(1)1 AC)l11.ltgo 1lJX AC)l'{OlA3 i\11191DX
Q '~X11Dri113A:U:-OX11113XOlt08 l;>'{'{D 'D1lt19191 ~X113'{lldl ~ '10'{'{1;> 1DX 'DlDrl~iJX MOOJQ03X 1lA 1DX i\()08lt'{\:)001!01l1D
D1lt19X1A83 1X9 3rlllO~J001t;'D0011 1DX 3rlil0At;J'{lt(/ "Alt'{'{t[, D1\ Dll. 10'{'{1;> 'Afl08D1100011 11lX i\DDlttJJ;>:U:DOO:U: 10)01!0
D1iOA9 01 3li 119 C)JC/3 (1)0JA10Xll31(/ 1lA 13115JOE 1l8 10 SpdmoU11o 10i\31i9~1oo1qooo11mrw 10 10AJ3X3 mAJ3
'51XJ;>Qlt~mx 50AJ;>W JO'{'{OU 'A(l)i\~'{'{3 i\OJ1 DlO~llDllW DlD J3flXD013 MDX) ll011
0 3DltJOE0'{3rl 0)0110 01 '010J3:S: i\01 91!1l J;>1(/1Dil ll.L 0'{1)1 10AJ3X3 AOA9rl MODJ:U:01A3 01 Di\ 1Dli\DA()Q '"5llO:U:C)l08i\D,
3rl 1101 J;>rlltJ011 gx1l.tnkmo.ui 010 SODlJ;>XJ SoXJN S~ult1011 SrlOA3rl()O'{DX011lJOlllD Snm 51;>113 gun o:u:rt19AOI. 9X1l30
AOJA~'{'{t[ Mll1 D10~1DllW 1)10 50AJrlltrrrl 0 mx Sm'{~(/0011 -ociJmq MOXJ Jlll11. 0.1 'llOJ3rlltD llOA]rl01!3011ll3 ll0110X]1i
mx SgJciJno 13i\0lllll10:U:D 01 Smi 'll010J3:S: ll01 10X101J;>X 10 SglltOi\lJllJ)( 1DAJ3 SltXJ;>OllO<fJ 5DA)1i 0 llOl DJ'i[J1\:) DlD

L9 l!OZ 0~ VdO<I>VNVU3 H)!IVO .a.. VVVWO :<::V!IVOIJ :<::Hd~HWHV 99

j 10i\1fOnOJ. 10 S'}01nD ,lLD cnoJlL mx) ,5)1D1Am1 :r .. D'(9 3ri 1DX 1jX1Drlib JJ,Dri 'Dlll191DXOD All1 ljlDX 1DX llri9XD
10 1DA)3 i\0'(1Qlt:L Am1 JooeX3 JOXD1DOC,lDODU mi/..11\)D O'(ljA3ri 30'}0'(3101£'0 mx (l!1~0)l All1 91LD 13(]0;!
jS'}OlnD ,1/.. 130)~ 3XJ3 llQlOlilj D1ri ljWX) '}ODi\ rl01 0<{00)3 /\IUD 3Xo~:un 911lD
Di\ M0'(?8 A0'(1Ql3~ 10 nolL 1f1nD i\0'(1Ql3~ Sno1 mlc 130)~ miriljOA OJ. 'A<;Jdl'(3'\7 l\(f)1 ,,3, 01 91LD i\~Oi\1X3~ D'(Q_
'm/..9'( 9nq 3}!1! ·5l!D3891Ln 5lt1 1fX11Dnri D'(l?A31i m Ano~ ·no1~o1 nori rlO
-JomA/.. m Sn01 lt'(;ili m mll1JDOD1LD 5JomX 'owo OA9ri1ox -J'(\:11\J nm 53Q)'(3D Suo 1Dli\OAJA 5:Jc'loillDI\D 5;!X11oqowril!o
-3XAnD ADA? 3ri J31con0113'( 5n01 mri 381fX l! nOlL '53Qlf1io 'ACJJ11lD 1\01'(9 J03U 'll/\~'(3& l! 1DX DrilllO~D 5Dri 9XD1'(ll 010
53'('(lf 3ri 1D13)<{i\n:r ·5l!1 1fX11Drtri 1fX11Xll'(1LX3 D1 D'(9 1DX 3Xll8lj1DD1DXA3 1))1{ 3(]'(~ OQOJ03J.J: D1QJ 111!1 ljlD)l 'll19~0J.
i\nOX)lDX 10)01!0 10 'SnOlL<;JOt)i\D lfX10nill 3111JlL 91LD m1 )3'( ll01 591i010310D 0 3i\1k;! 101) 1))1{ SOI\nlOJ3X- nOOrlDll\))l
-3101LD 3-5DQ1friO Slu SDi\~OnlL S9x11onri 59X101i\3X 0 I}~D13ri DJX1i\0'(1dJ ll10 DI\Ol1lJ'(U i\01 9J.J:D 1D13J,JOO
·Sl!XlfOnOq, 'l o ~owD ~orimil31DD no1 DJkorlmril!q H ·o'(x~)l 9xmqmz
513n<'} '(DXOlLD S;~xuxl! '(lLDwx 1wx;~ ,a,
11m1 nri:Je o1 D1J i\010 38'(~013 1DX ~01(l)l rlOl 59ri01031DD 0 1DX 3Xll(J~k
'(nO'(i10lL9MDDl:r ·X1}!1! '}OX).Dril!qnxn n01 53JDD/..o3 Sumx -ilrl01ril!q~1rlXJ ~J.J:OOlDi\D All1 ljlD)l 'DM01D Oi\31i91C3 i\01 ~
- LPSI 01 ll'(OlL/Ml)llllllD 3Xll89QX3 nolL- (3 All1D Sl!DJ1L3 lJli\90DlC 1\01 ljlDX J3f)ll10lCOWrikllrJlCDMlJI3 D(J '110ri 513D~ri
3X~AD 119 3t\?'( nolL ~omqmenon)l no'(lfA31i n01 DO:J1D1L) -11X3 5u ljlDX 'DJOlCO l! mx 'n01LJ031C Lt13 53Qlj1'(1X ~z: 91Cll
~omqo38DOD)l nOIIDill;!1& ~1l!/..ll8DX no1 ,3 SJOib'(J'\7 A1iJlC '3Xll8~101COlllriAlliJ1C lli\ 131L)il1L D8 ~ '3Xll(-)~101L01llri
i\3 n01 J03U, 01 mx lf'{'(D 'noXilm'}O'(U n01 ,,3 S)Oib'(3V' -kllcll£ llJOlCO l! 'rl01'(R rl01 51jOOdJ1il31C Sll1 ~1£0il1DAD l\ll1
i\3, 01 3101f\JD1 <{ ',,3, n01 9riD1'(0\]rinD 9031 llQ<;J8A10 1DX 5011\lll.CrirJD rlOl ~lCOclllli\ll i\lllO 1D13rl)iblli\D (110i\9rl){
-11\]D'( i\01 D1J) vx 'nAm'('(91LV rw1 Smi1fMQ SJib11ilx9:u:n no1 lJ)3'(1DD\J l! Srn 59wmAk) S9111D 5oor;ri o ·59x111you
311\)1£ S11 'Sno~eom 311\}1£ S11 '(nJill<e '1o1£milo"' v:: 'S1milR 5oAnl1lJ'(U 1101 rwt\il;~ 1101 01D'(ljillJX 01ilD191 01
'53A01iJD'V 'J03EJ :oilllriO~ 1\01 lflDX) 1101i09X n01 D)Q31£ 1D13dllJOI.11C3 Sa1:u9 '"AaJ,\}ri1o1£ MlJ3(-) Mll So(j~ri o, 1DAJ3
31AJ1L ll1 '(9XD111ll 'DlADJH 'DI\(f)'(9:r '~'(DEJ 'Di\Ol'(JX) 50'(1)1 591DnlD 0 :S91rm Soo~1i o 1DAJ3 S910U ·5oAOl1lJ'(U
l!qV,: rtm S5J11ilx Sn01DlOJ:U:n mx S'}oilloo 311\}1£ S1101 '(SDil 1101 50(,llji\ rill 5~o11ilX 51!1 SO(j~ 1i o mx 13X01jlC A
-;~om - 5Do;JD - 1f1HOdJ - 9031\ - l!/..) npX1m:r 311\)1£ m '(l!ol! .i\DXllf)dl)XD11L3 i\01 1101C 531\ll '('(3~
-J01L03(J 11l!1 Soill£ DJ3001£ ~xux1•(3~3 All1 ~QD'(llg 'o/..9y 9x 10 1\Dl~ ~03EJ 1101 )01). 10 119 SgldJDD 13S,)0(1JI\klli\D
-UAD:u:rino i\01 11i l!omA) All1 5m l!ol!M;!A All1 91£D) 5DJ3001! 119()DX '11me 1101 1X9 mx nolC<;JO(jAD rw1 59111 1Dl3~JO
Sl!A11L<;JOt)I\D Sin D1Qlf1D mi\}1£ m 13J,)'(o~jJino (mmiJi1fok -01QD001£0111D 'Mli\~'('(3 1\(1)1 i\011C<;Ji\3 S91010X 0 '~QD'(ll'\7
311\]1£ 13X) 1101£ ,All'('(3" 5l!~)'( Sl!1 DririlfOA 01<;101£ 01 91LD '.,1101[()l0f)l\ll 1101 S9111 0 ~(-)DD~OQ DAJ Drlf!J l! l\3(jl1'(~'(3,
5911{3) ,.3,, 01 S;!'(OXO S)X1031(f)03 53101LlfX 3ri XJA(f)illri'}:r :3ollM)JdmAD ,/\03EJ 1101 59111, 5oA3rirJ-O'(DX01CD mx Soi\
')3X3 i\XJI\1D\J)A110 1101£ DlllA~~31\Xl Xl'('(lf Dl -31i~O'(llX0111D 3191 1tJX)li 0 'A~O(jill3XD11C3 i\01 lli\ 10101CljX

~
69 llOZ Ol VdO<!>VNVII3 ID!IVO ,a,. VVVWO ~VHVOIJ ~Hd.LHWHV
89
70 I'>HMHTPHI fiOABAI 0 MAL'> A "E" 0 AIKH Ell AN A<POP A TO 20 II 7I

Moyy6A.m), xo:80;~ xm w avt(otmxo: rro:go:xA.a<'iLo: TOU£ vex a:rc6 6A.ec; nc; u:rcegouvcirmc;, exve~rx(lTlJTO xgcitoc; uno-
otov xwgo xm mov xg6vo. L'..l]A.o:<'iij, rrg6xELTCXL yLo: £vo:v x/-flOtiXU UCjJIEQW!-lEVO Uti~ tEJCVE~ XUI Uti~ EltlUt~­
[WOTLXO JTOAE[to, OE OAO: TO: EJTLJTEc'\o:: JTOALTLXO, OLXOVO[!L- !-lE~, yLex TlJV :rcoA.monxij exvexy€vvl]01J tl]c; o:v8gw:rc6Tl]Texc;!
XO, emot1]f!OVLX6, 'PLA.oompLx6, 8Q1JOX£unx6, :rcoA.L nonx6, Tex eOacpl] Tl]c; VO: Xl]QUXflOUV exUOTl]QWc; ex:rcexgexj3(exom exrr6
O:XO[!l] XCXL OUWtT]!-llXO XUI VltOJCilOVIO! xex8E sEVl] oiivex[!l] }((XL vex xgexT1]8EL [!exX(lLcl xciflE ~EVl]
TeA.Lx6£ ot6xoc; Twv E: 11 o:vd;o:gnwCo: tou Legoii EJTE[Lj30:01] OTO EOWTEQLXO Tl]c;. <'il]AexOij, [LLex LE(lll XWQex -
EUl]vLxoii xwgou o::rc6 Touc; o:6gmo<Jc; <'iuva01ec; TOLl, 11 XLj30JTO£, otl]V o:rco(ex flex OLexc'\Qex[texnoflOUV XOO[LO.LOTOQLXCx
E~6.Qfl(JW01] TOU "rro:yXOO[!LOU 2LWVLOTLXOU OUVO[WlTLXOU yeyov6m :rcou 8ex OWOOUV €vex YEO cpwc; OTOV :rcexyx6o[!LO
<'iLxtuou", 11 o:rr6Jfll]01J nov Tovgo:vorwyy6A.wv, TO ,pwc; JTOALTLO[!O, JtQO[tl]flEUOVWc; Tl]V avflgco:rc6tl]Ta [!E c'\o:oxci-
EVOc; VEOllc; JTOALTLO[toU yLO: Tl]V O:Vfl(l<DJTOTl]To:, 1] EJTLXOLVC!l- A.ouc;, xexAA.c t£xvec;, cc'\csc; xm v6rcouc;. (Kan oexv :rcveurto:n-
VLO: f!E nc; ovyxEXQLf!Evec; o::rcoxOf!f!EVEc; u:rc6yELec; JTEQLox£c; xij EA.j3Et(ex Ol]A.exc'\ij. ELvm ex~LOOl]flELC!lTO OTL TO xexvTOVLex-
one; o:rcoiec; j3gioxovTm "owtfto:XLx£c; <'iuvaf!ELc;", oL ma- XO oUOTl]flex c'\Lexxuj3EQV1J01]c; 111c; EA.j3e'!l!ttc; £L vm Ef!JTV£U01]
cpec; [lE To: O:VTLOTOLXO: 0\1/'.ftO:XLXa clOT(lex, 1] EJTLOT(lOCpij TlllV wu Ka:n:oiS(ot(lcex). 0 Kex:rcoiSCotgwc; iSoA.ocpovij81]J<.E xcitw
EHijvwv 8e6JV a:rc6 TO <'iLaOTYJfW, 11 exrroxcxA.mjJlJ 1wv ex;r6 fllJOTlJQLciJileLc; ouv8ijxec;, EVW exyvooii[!E tl]V JTO(l£Lex
EAA.l]vLxwv Mvotl]QLwv! A£ <'io\Jfl£ f!EQLxci LOTOQLxa yeyo- xm tl]V xm&"-11~11 exmoii tou mm61So~ou oxeiliou.
v6ta xm e~eA.(~nc; f!E to: o:rco(a Tl]V ovoxntt;ow: Y JTUQXOW O[(Wc; JtAl](lOcpOQLEc; yLex EJtO:VE[!cpavLOij TOU
'Evo: ex:n:6 w ciyvcooto: mo:vexomnxex tgo:youc'\Lex wu OXEOLOU otex [!EOex TOU CXLWVO: [!exc; - JTTUXE£ TOU [t6.A.cotex
1821 (xm u:n:rxgxouv rroAA.ci :n:aQ6vow, :rcexQaMt;cuc; ciyvw- ij8£A.exv TlJV xm6.QY1J01J wu BexuexQLxou ouvt&y[!atoc; :rcou
om), Etvm xw<'iLx6 xm TLTA.mpoge(Tm "L'..Lm( :n:A.£ov <'iev XQlJOLf!OJtoLOUf!E ftEX(lL oiif!E(lex (to o:rco(o EXEL urrooTei xm
(JL:rcTELc;" ([LJTOQELTE vex 10 /3QELTE OTl]V ouUoyij "ITE w; :rceQLoo6tegec; exvexflewgijoeLc; OTOV x6orto, O:XQL/3wc;
TIAIL'..E2: EAAHNQN") A.£EL: "L'..Lm( :n:A.£ov <'i£v QCmac;, ywt( e(vm atexCgLexOTO [tE wv'EAA. nvex) xm Tl]V mexvexcpo-
Zeu 8e£ wuc; KeQexuvoiic;, miJ£ ex<'iLo:cp6gw£ rrA.fov, xexwL- gci wu ouvTciy[!exTOc; Tl]c; TgoLt;ijvexc;. TEA.Eutex(ex iSLexc'\681]XE
xetc; £Lc; TOUc; OU(lexVOllc;. L'..LexT( vex fl(lLex[!j3EUO\IV, xex8' 1][\WV To ox£iSLo Tl]c; "ext6mol]c;" 6A.wv twv :rcoA.mxwv xm tl]V
oL o:oej3ECc;, vex ~-texc; £xouv EQ~-tmov wuc;, xm tgocpijv e:rc( exA.oyij teA.etwc; v£wv :rcgoow:rcwv, yw vex exrroxorrouv OL
Tl]c; fl]c;. L'..uvexruc; 11 llf!ETE(lex, 8£A.eLc; otECA.EL xm' exmwv, iScof!oC f!E m t;evex ouwp€QovTex".
Zeu wii xegexwocp6Qr, gt<)Jov xeQexuvoiic; J3QovTwv". OL "E" j3oij81]oexv f!E :rcA.l](JOcpo(lLE£ £vexv K ii:n:QLO
To 1816, €vex exrr6Q(l1JTO vrr6f!V1Jf!ex Jt(lexxT6(lwv one; A[!EQLxexv6 tov iS (lex Iwavvl] ewxexQ(ill] (John Howard) o
exUCH(JLO:XE£ [!UOTLXEc; UJtl]QEOLEc;, yvwotOJTOLOUOE TO o:rcotoc; iSLCX[tEVfL oto N£o Tt;EQ0£1] xm "exvexxexhJ'\jJE TO
"omexvLx6" - 6:n:wc; exvo:cpe(l6Tav- ox€<'ito wu x6rt1J Iwcivvl] ouotl][!ex tucpA.woew£" twv TOU(JXWV OTO ALyex(o!!! To
Ko::rcooCoTQLex: 11 EAA.aoex Jt(JEJTEL vex exvexxl]QuxGEC Of!6cpw- "oiiotl][!ex" exut6 o EOW £Ul]vexc; u:rc. "e8vLxijc;" &[!uvexc;
-m19 S3'CCV:: ·LtoalA3, t,tx1131\Jo~ Sm~1 lt mx VIIH lt Sml£9 J?1DltA D1 Drlk13<,/"<;JODl£ D1J . A(l)"'("<;Jl£11AD Am1 11ADA;J A'}08D
'Srto1 SoiJ-XD1 St,txumnDiho Slt"'(J?k3rl 5lt1 ml-9"'( SmiJ?A -1XD0<1l8 DA mk '3rlrroX:_JlDX ilOl£ DJAO'(OAX31 ll0319"'(ltrftrr
-rtQ03l£rt 1D1A'}oom3e S3o<;JX S9x1o3rl 119 '13'}"'(DAD Soctn;ok ,\\.t1 3yj D(,?"<;J'("'(3 Alt1 J?X1DildJ 1DX '001£'} )I All1 'DXlt8l,!M3A
-oo9oD Soortxk~ o · ,.DJAD\J'(V Allw SltrlDA'}Q Sl,tx1A83'l"'tol£ ilOl£ 01£91 A01 mDl,t(1ltO\J DA 1DAJ3 n.orl 9013A9 0.1 :·e·1
Slt1 t,t '(01DOl£D All1 l,trloodm 1rl 'uolABd ">l:m r rtok9'(0A831Q ·5not,toA11£3 rto1 S:_Jx1g 1DAJ3 l!Jlt191£D mil'}k t,trlkuo
ltll;nim"'(l£1(,? rt01 0080"9 13'}31DOliltg rtOl£ S;JID!.l llJnqSJ;Jj;JJ All1 t,t1'm 1D1AodJ9a1o1il3l£ rrol£ srtoo 9 dlrroo 9 10 mnrlt,t1on.o
"lS D(,?J03Yilld:J3 ltOrtXA:_J lt 'D<,Y9'("'(3 All1 J30m38 ,.'}Orl0111"'(0l£ D1 9l£D "<;J'('(OU "D)301D13 rt01 l,tx1g All1 3DilO(,?J D1A90X
rto1 S111i-9MQ S3"'("<;Jk3rl,. mrlo9xkm.c Su 9l£D mrl S<J :L661 D03DD:_J1 9l£D A10II "[Bl0'11DX '13d 'V:)(J10 Sml£9 'vUH
rt0)'(1ihy (l 'A01Xf.A1D"<;Jil0,. :l!Olt(,?J3 ll8rt0"'(9XD \.t 'M)JX10 Am1 53J301D13 5)X11i3"'(0l£ 53031'} "'(DkJrl Suo SoX3"'(:)lD
-3lm~3 rtOJ3A0rtOl£}.. rt01 mo~yj 3Xlle?O\J 'D101DJ(,?Ol£D)l rt01 Ori8DB9'(\.trftrt 303'()131\7 "D:_JrlOl 9X100l£rl3 1DX 9X).D1ilt(,?DXD
01<,?)XD 01 9l£D D0319AOD S3A<;J1D 0'}<,? A9<,?3XD 'DlDdlD90il AOlD DJ13D1A31£ D1n D1A 3Xll()DJ?A03 1DX ilOl£9 'OAJ(,?AOV OlD
jlt1l,!AD'(l£ il01 S131i"<;JArt(,?03l£rt ···5110 DD3rl"<;JAD 1D1 !" 59X1ADXlt1i 3DD(,?'}Ol£~ "DJ31lt8 il01 l,!X11(l)11D01D All1 3Dlt1jl0
-3A:_J'(DlDXAilD D<,?"<;J'('(3 lt 119 OlDmAA"<;J 1DAJ3 A3(,? D03rll,t~ I~ -ltl£il D1<;J01£ '}OdJD 'A<;Jl3 6[ DJX1'(lt 3D il01 D(,?JOlDl£ l!031JD
· "5m3D<;J"'(dlrt1" mmit,twrw MlOO}dJ ·111:
-191 Alu 9l£D 3/-rtdl':OL ·rroill£'})[ Slt1 <101D<;JXorlrly SnJXilDl£3
l;
DA '9X1"'(<1 9X11XltOX3 ArtOX) DA )lAD 'S3)0l£0 10 'A<;J1A I!:1 Slt1 DJDDlLOD)[ Srtoxil'}O.L Srtm 9l£D Dil3rll,to ltAJrl9X31nx
-OADX S3QJ\JO 31i )3801"'(1£0~3 DA 3D'}0001£rl ne SDrl DO<;JX iii
Alllo D1A9ilX 8t A1rJl£ 3Xlt(il,!MJk 5ltgJoDX03EJ SllM"<;JmJ 0
Iii
lt 5\.tD)l£3 "DC/"91:'(3 AlllD Smo;niD 3rlrtO"'(J3lD 01 D(11DX 91rtD j j j OrJl£'} )[ Alll 1DX D(,?J?"'("'(3 ,\\.t1 rt01 S13DjlOilJdJ3
1!
mirlno/,9ol£ 01 pemolt'(XO'(o DB ilOA9ax rtO)A ao1 S9XoD !1'1
5u 11i Ltot,teLto~J DA ao1 9ilnAo, ·,.53JilmxnJ Su 1xstil\J,
j:
Suo 119 3rlno~JkO"'(Ol£}.. ·SmA90XoHW1 (pgll.IBl !lJnrn) i VIIH Suo mx 5~xultAl.ntlo(hx3"{H Sl!AoilXk'}D Slt1
O"<;JlADO AnlX91D A(_.1l'(l£D'('(Ol£ 1DX DOOdl"<;J1C) ,.ltD(_.1l'(dl<11,. II "9xuomi mo Jxltol,trrrl DJ'(kky Allw ',.Sm3rft)xo Slt1 S08J?\J ..
ill
DA )300l£n D() O)Ol£0 01 '(.,;llnSB;JlU.I;JjUJ10;) ;)!UO.lj:J;J[;J,.) 01 13'(J3dJO - )JAO'(Ono 501(,?) 0 5<1lli9 - DJ3(,?1Dl£ il01 l,tx
,.O"<;J1ADO 010<,/JlAD,. DA;l D'IA 01<,?:)XD DA:_J 3rlrtO~J?rl -1A\.t '("'(3 Alt1~ "\.tDL!Ail)\J<1X l,!X1ADX103rlD A\.t1 D1A 1DX il01iD9X
-1013 9omx Am 91rty ·SDrl "91Drlrl"<;Jokoih.c m mo"91orwom.c
i 1101 S3JADXL!rlo1\J 5:_Jx1rl3'(0l£ S3rJ3l'}"'(D!.Jrl Su mk 1DJ.AO~JO
DA mk 'D<,?)/'('(3 AlllD mgJ~Dl DJOl 13A"<;JX mX~ 53)301Dl3 5(J .l1 -OOrJl£ ilOl£ 'Am1"<;JrlYlDrJA001£ A<;JX1AOrJ1X3'(lt 1DX J?'('(D 'A<;J1A
· A<;JlDDAD131iOO()D'( 1DX A<;JX1lmXODA <10(,?9013 oX1.3'(;l AOl -mA10x1m M1l131.)1£3 mx A\!lX1ilodJrtilog Am1"<;Jrlltwrto Slto
1DX ltolt8'}0'(0XD0Dl£ All1 D1A DlDrll,tlDilD 3rlilODl,tlDD1DXA3 !li'• -lt'(<;Jli mx Sl,t!.m!.DilDli S3)3rJ1D13 VIIH Suo 53A3rl9DDilll£
DA 3rlDDl}OOOl£rl D8 5DQ"9'('(3 Slt1 DOOA'}D m~ · Am"'(J?li -DAD mm'}Xm Su 9l£D 5mrl SoXo19rl mx So'(rtO\Jrl'}D AmA
-11AD Am1 Sm3Dl,t(1rtO'(OXDODl£ t,t ,.Sm3D\!l"'(dlrtl,. DlDrll,twrto -'}8il31Q 1DAJ3 '(plBMOH uqor) SltgJilDX03EJ 5ltMJ?mi o
3rl milt1X)A03'(1£ 3D 3rlrtOrft;J01D13rl D1 DA 3rlDD'}OOOl£rl D8 j j j0A3rl9X3(,?A3 38"<;JX mi. 10A;JrlDDrl10130rJl£ 3101AJ?li 1DAJ3
'5mi "<;JAmiy Alt1 mk milt1X~A013rl Sm 1D1A'}OOm3(1 rtol£ '5Drl ,.3,. 10 Xl1DB?H i i jS<;JX3MD J30A!.D 01 SO'(il0l£9~1DXOD.L

EL llOZ 0~ VdO<I>VNVIE! H)!IVO ..3, VVVWO 3:\fHVOIJ 3:Hd~HWHV ZL

' ··uA';rrlnX 131)11: Di\ 3Dllcbl) SOll)OX 9X1i\ll'{'{3 01 ROll: D10i\l)1c;,> SoA.0())1J Sni\lt'{'{? SO'{l)A3rl o mx 30D'}3XDDmx D'{1!9031!A
lllll1~gmcb1iDi\D mrlmi\)3 '10'{'{'9 10091mx Soi\)li\DlDi\(1))1
· "Slll!())On a
Sl)1'{1DDg i\ll())Ol! 0 'Sl)ODDIJ 'I 10 'S3c;,>llXl)DOc;,>Ol!W Sill DO())X l)1riDx 3D i\ilOXOl)l!rt i\39 11011: 'S)1iogo11:n
10 'Sllo'9"'<J ·ov o rtol Srto'{Jdl Srtoo31'> '{nx Srto1o mx mO~lDDA03 '" l)Oll11:m1o., 3rlDo~Ai:lnmrlllg mi\90X DJm
nmri'9"'V · .. a .. sllomi\l)Wo s~x11ortrl Sll1 SnJ3i\mrtol! Sll1 -il3'{31D1 '())i\3 'DO())X Di\01)3A ll10 11'9 91!D 9X1riDi\ilQ 9X1i\
SO'{)rl 3~0~1![l ())i\3 'll '{)l01D10V llOl l)i\3rlJ3X l)lQ(l)AAl) 130~ -orilll011!3 003100010311: S30ocb 311\311: 3rl 51030031 13XOD1!n
.,- "' ~ _, II ,-

-101!0X1c;,>mXOl!D 13XtL'i\())10lilM1lcD3'{lll .1.(1)1 S3Jrlllfl01!11'{ Su Dc;,>l)'{'{3 i\lllO 'Sl)001!0l)1<,J Sll1 i\(!JA9riill011!3 i\(l)i\~'{'{3
911:n aLO i\01 3cl\30ll)1A 11011: Sol!mOfli\'9 o mx (DJ1!0181V) Aml ADOJl! 'no'{AOA'}o~no ·x o 3i\Drl~o11!3 So111:n
mio91-c ww XJ03dl3'{31 1100311} yoA.3rl 1101 S~lDDrt3xomnx 'DJADXllliOlg
o 1Di\)3 'l)'X .,S1ri310V;:., 9X1001!003D11i\D 01 '1\(l)i\:_lOl S130 ~X11AI1rin ~x1xon01 .1.luo 513~J't3~3 S11 Dri?e 1ri S~'{110S: Slt1
-l)gmq Suo SDJ3'{DcDDD nrilllO'}D SmJrlDOl(ADl! 003li}'{D1{ 01 SDJAO'{OAX3.L Sllol!rlJlOl!V S~l!00111£3 Sill SllomOJrillA3 D13X
' .. w~mA:s snA[O!Q., 01 '11\91\DX 9xullXll Soi}XD1 S~xuxnrl 'ilO'{AOi\i}O~ilQ 50D'{9X1N 'ilOJ3AX3111'{0IJ
-001 Di\) 'Sn'{)Ol!lio S~X1AilOn1!11AD Smrl nrill1i}D 01 S3JOl!O
IJ::' ·01)19 ill l)WX
1101g9013W i}OX1A83 no1 S~lltA.lleDx o 3D1A91 ' 11 miluD
I "!:
S110 D03lil)i\D 'S13D)Orl3dl3 il01!J031! 06 13D~Oi\1JI3 nXa, -~~~~~ \)XlAooX orlmAL,tD 'OJ.Cl31D11!1l 3D n1xonol Alu. 3TI
I'
'099d llw Di\)Dil3'{3 .1.1!1 911:D Snocbl)XD003D i}OX1lil3Q1Dl!XJ 531l!OOOOD1A'O 531011:\) Sunr!l\IOl.'OA'O 'OA mx lwltyx\)Oll
ilD~ll! ilA3ri9Mflil3lDX3'{ill 30il)Ol!OlDriAD01! 8~61 01 AltJ. nDpwu.arllJ.An 'OA ltD\19 3D mAp ng~YY3 H II
())i\3 'Dri1Di}DX SJOOJX mlli\)XOlilD mx Sxi\m 3Dlli\)X v~61 " 'S13yj3 l)Vl)(l yj
Ill , , t
OJ, 'DA~8V AillD M)lMt303 A())X1i\OriillD1li3 0011\))[ 01 Jolrm D'{l!n ·srtoxil'>ol srw1 mA. llO'(I.oAI).o~no ·x1N
mx mo~lDDA03 9X1AilOillL Sn01 9x1q D•\9 3DilA0'}01rillq ~~. S~ll!Allt)DX 0 :0'{1)1 31i 66/E/£ SllXJA/038 SDqJ03rllldl3 Sill
01 91LV · M)JM303 Somri'}O<ii i}OX1i\fl3 1101 mx i\())13'{3W D1iil3JOOriltq 01 nlA J3 9XUX13Qi\J 'DJllmAAOi\X31 l)X11X3'(11!3
A\flX1,\01iill011!3 110011\))[ i}OX1l(l)11D01~ ilOl ilOilOQJ .1.1!10 ADXpomc .a .
10 A())X131 .1.m1 S91i\1 mx Smri9 O'{OgJdlriDAD
3Dilll)1001mOIJ 'Ol VN 01 mx VSVN ll1 '.,So110X91illV .. 1DAJ3 Smi ~X01n AillO D'{1!9ll31!11 AilOXOl)l!il 119 0.1
all)[ 01 1ri D1i\90X 1)'{'{011: 3XlllOl)A03i\il~ ·Sol i "DJ'{Dl I l! 11))( DJ'{'{DJ ll 'D)i\Dl30 H ll 'D<,Jl)'{'{3
-miDl)'{l! llriD)c;,>01mdl Ill mx Sll'{i} Sill ll~U1i\i}D lllO nli\1)11: ll 1DAJ3 S;nrm S30f!lX 10 1D)I ·mi\l)l!DODl! m D'(9 i\i\O~l)ilc;,>
il01 DJOm38 ~lXD1001!01<1l01! Aill mA. i\ 11)101\).'lf 1101 ~cDDOA -Ann JW1A. SJoodJ SJX103li ~ 'rJ.orlon1'{0l! mx Snlli}Ol '{nox
-011:11 /\Ill Jri DJ13~h3 J~.l!lo SonoJOrl3cb3 OJ3dmOJ S)i\Q31V mmi)8 30 Sn01 DJXOmonx i\Ul '513ril)Mc;,> 531rlD9XAD1! Sm
01 91!D mim'{l!J<i 01())011: 01 30~11: 'i}OX10i\cD i}OX1,\ll0111! S1101 ilD)8 ilA3rliJ.OAilOlJ1! Ail1 'Sr101 DJ00101 l)1D'}O'{l! Alll
rt01 mx rt0A9'{0i\DXllri ilOl OJXilll! 01 13lll)1! llri9XD i\10IJ mi. :S,tot\.9'( SI10'(JX10l! mA. i\(l)'{l)A3li Aml Dc;,>l)rio AillD 1Dli\
.OZ6l 01 DJ'{DDD38 lllD 3Xllfl~M3A 11))( SDi\ll '{'{3, 11)1\J3 -OAl)griD'{1031! no11: 530())X mx Soni9 MOXOl)l!A 'D)Aml!DI ll
i i iMlO~JOm.l./, 10101Xl)'{3 D03li~o 0)011:0 i\01 SDg'{9\J mx DJADri03J ll Sm11:9 '5131il)Mc;,>031!il SJX1riOAOX10 1m.\,1oo

'>L IIOZ O.L \fdO<I>VNVU3 H)IJYO ,.3, VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWHV tL

 :~1:
·aol AgJ301)cD01LXJ DJ3Altricl3 ,lDX "f)'('(D '3H0 rtol Am3~1)Chr 1DlJ3AO'(orioog 'S3J311'(0U S3AJ1imAH Sn 91ED Sn~9.1 rtol
~korioncb1 ,1nx 1X9 (3oltogJXOJm non9kon Smri9 DJOlEO UOl!JOlC010D~3AD Alll mk l!ol!AJX ~X1101X1A83 l! 'Sl!OJ1E3:
lt 'DJ'f(DJ lt mx 3XJ313ri l)X1Xon) DJAD1308. lt1 1nx VilH ·o·~(/1\J31AOV\( OlD ~ S30).\:: SOAJClOlEW
Sn 911:n peuxgun AaoX:J S91an S3A<)l~ 10 ·xr;oi ono9~l m 010 - ~x1o1riy · N Allw J3kono11J'( nA ltol!AOJ\Jnx
mx 0119A 01 911:n (lli\1)11: Am30~11E Sltoa3o9kD1ED AgJAm~ Aml ~X1Alt'('(3 lt(/gl1XO ~X110ari Dlri AD'(38~ flOlE S11i~cb S310
ltolt1~£)mcb1in lt Am~ '1)1an mg9D111E1 m mk ~rioocby -109D S3101£1))( mx ADXO~l£[\ 'Dl01'(1)1i '~XOl£3 mw 'XJOlAJX
·sam S:,Jwna1xonmx 10 AD'(38~ no 009 .,moneAl)'(D,. D1(/J m 3ri 1Dl1~Jl3Xo '3'3 Slt1 Sno09l'(A rtoli~011E3 Sm
0091 WAJ3 i\3<;' DlDTI~lOaO I)X1'(1EO l)X1ADX103TID D1 119 S~X1Al! '('(3 Slt1 Sl!omOJ1(JXJX l!om9o11: l!wcbo9o11: I-I ·ngr;'('(3
mx ~xmolto13X11E3 ltri9xn WAJ3 DJOOl£003\f ~A1XDOI lt 119 Al.ll 3ri AgJ100cDOOlt'(1E 1DX M)l3<;'1 S~AD'('(DlAD OfllXJ(/
:neao'(9xnm l)X11Anrilto ong ADXJ3 DJOlEO m mg901311:3 9k03A3 0101EI)X nXo"f)l£11119 01D\JJIJ 1DAJ3 (!li\3 'S:;nan S130J8
iiiS:AO"L VWANHW -OlEn Su 3ri l)X113Xo 'I)'('(OlE 30 pooklti\ao - 01io9x OA(OcD9A
01 SmAOAOJDlE D1<;'9D131E3 l)X103ri 30 Smri9 ADOUX1)'(1E3A3 -XJl£01 i\010 "f)X1.\3k mx - S~X103TI\f aOJlON Slt1 S1091X Suo
·LtoltOl'JTIDAD ~X1'(0 AUl ADXU8~\JOdJ '}Odm "S'}O'(DcDOD aol nri(}3Al£ 9X1Alt'(yJomXon 01 so(Jl£ D13fl"f)1!1iao llAOlAJ H
X3, OA9ri S130~013X11E3 A'}0101J:OlD1iAD01E DA S'}OA1)l\1031i\{ 'IJJ'(1),D08. l!w ACIJ1A9X3131iJilHJ AWlD)OXJringAJ ~X1Al!'(
Snm 1019 SmAo~r;xknAn ,,3., 10 Anolte~oiJ SaoJOlEO Sam -'(301DXOD 3TI SJ13'(3l10 S;JlOOJAic 1DAJ3 1DX '(j) DAm'('(91C\f
S1}0A1XDOI Sam 1ri ADOllX1)'(1E3A3 01E'(9X AOlD VilH MJl nm S9DA S9A03A3 Soyr;k1ri SnAJ 1D13XOJcJ£) ~A11A31coy Allw
S131il)An<;' SJX1001E003D 10 AD19 XOd lJ;lS;JQ ltoltopX11E3 119 310gJ13Til!S: 'J3X3 1D13XO)cJ£) a011: A0'(1r)t3. Aml OJ3XOD
~X1ADX103TI\f AUl 3ri OAJ'( 3XU(lgl1D\J3\J111:3 Xl)OI 01 Jri 3 Aml I' OX1l011ri 01 Al10r\t30lODlDX DA l!... 51101 lJ103X XJlO Al100D1E
... ... " "
lto]XO I-I 'Xl)OI 01 31i S130JXO SJA310 nXJ 3 - nql)riO I-I Di\ AD'(3(J~ 119 OW 1D13'(J3cDO 'lll~i\D'(lE 1101 ltOXl) U'('(l)
'i
·S3J311'(01E S11109 8. 10 mx ,\onxi.A10l)flO J lt 'ltxo9 A
·I'I Altw mxr;oltA m r;1an S111i"f)Ang SJX1<;Jl3 111 Anoo~lEruX
DJN lt 1DAJ3 S]X108X3 C)JA3 'ltl]OnOXDODV\[ lt mx UAgllD08. ! v.:
DA Amyl.k ACOl ~Aoriri3 ll mx Sli\D'(X'(C)lcp mo SoriJ'Y91E o
lt mx l)'('(D 'S3J311'(01E SJX101A3X 10 mx S1119A 10 mAJ3 ,,3., 'S3JOOdJoOlt'(1E 5J101!1)X 1ri nAmclni'}S: · ,,3., A(lll 5DJ3AD1aol£
Srtol 1ri SJX1'(1dJ l)X1A3J 'Vill-I Sn .,DJommx1q Ltmo9n., 10 Slt1 Soy91i 9X1m1£) Sm 1Dl30Jdl SOJOl!o o 'Sllq.J.n'(OX1N S9l.
ArtOXJ flOlE .,A(Dl"f)A11iflO'('(l Aml 1DX Agl101i\m1S:., i\(lJl '.,Agll -ltwow SnAll'('(tr. o mA J3 nomyyr; SnJouo Sll1 Soo939ou
-mriOAnO., A(l)l AOJ1ADA3 D1DTI~Cl13XA3 D00cD1)1<;' 13Al)X DJOlEO -UATJ '~A11A3AO\f Altll)X1<;J13 JD)( ~X1031i\{ ~X1A11DV All1 3ri
lt '(.,sdWB;) ]BA!AlnS., AgJX1lm11DOlODOD1E Aml mx l)'('(D) ,,3, i\ml S110;1Xo 10 mx 1DAJ3 SlloJm Snogl)cJDlJ:OcJWU
'(}owow rtol mx SnJrioAnwn Slt1 Sno'(X'}X Srww u·ori ·SJ101i\Cil1S: Snm
S3Q1)1'(1X nXJ ao11: '.,J;J]]l)l ;JJidwu A uopBJ;Jdo., mB~l)ri 3TI i\0'(1rft3.Ml1 llXI)1img D1Agl1D001! ll UAJTI0<;'3C/ 1DAJ3
-Oi\0 flOlE lWUAJX ~)(1i\OX1031iD ~X11D10DAD1£3 mri 11))( 01<;') ... ll1i9xn 13AJri1m 'SmrmooAn Sogonx
O_L ·S'}OlflD ,ri DJXnriri<lO 30 1D13XOJO\J ~ A0'(1rft3.Sam 911:D -9'(DX 0091 1DX S9'(1!D 0091 0 S91nn 'Smri9 'Sn\J'(91J ·J 0
LL J!OZ 0~ Vd0<PVNVII3 H)!IVO ..3, VVVWO IVHVOIJ IHd~HWHV
9L
,.888,. mx ,.0'9V-'{3,. D1DriA'\)1 m 'flD'\):U:Jfll S1101 'DJ011:S: 10 iSI}Oi\1XDOJ Sao1 AI!J•\DX10Jtiy i\(l)l SltD10i_!li\ADi\D
i\lu 3n S13o 9xo 531\011\:J i\11ox9 10JD1113'{3l 10 u 9 1\rtoo:JcbDi\D o 9 1i\no 01 9 :u:n 3a31 9 woo:u: n'{ 9o:u:rio "~x1q13, nni l}ocbn
i\0'{1ilt3,51101 3r1 i\DXUfl~'{OXDD 110:U: SJ3cbDOAAI1D JO'{'{Oll S:JXmo3:u: S3oom 9 19 Jo Dl.3n 9 ~1i\Dcbti3 1XJ1Ao:u: 01 3n sm 9 ,t.
· i\(lJJo~m SltD11309AD:U:D 531\I}J~ Suo 513D Slt1 ~W11xm mri ADDLlfli}O'{oxn '\)X11LlXmi 'i)A1XD01 Dl,
-JADcbtiJ OE 9:u:n 5J0319DD103:U: i\DDUJO:U:01Dn,\no:u: mx AD "O:U:'{9)l WlD aOli:J'{OIJ ll01 513!l~013X11C3
'D13'{<;J:U:D ~X100:U:003D DJnriDX i\rtOX] i\Un Di\ i\DD(l)f)09 mx Su '9lDX ,.J3f)XD'{acb,. AYJX)J nJo:u:o m 6Z:-D!W m ADXLllDJA
110n3'{9:U:Ol0D1,\D I}OX100:U:003D ilOl ~X11XD1 i\U1 1DX -XJOJ1i3 i\3(/ 5(l)A0]103:u: <;11.3 't:Z:-!)IW mx ~Z:-D'W AD~Dl]:U:
,,3,. i\(1)1 ~/,(l)OD i\U1 SDli\l}l10:U:01~D )Oi\1Xll0J 10 5(1)11\'\)ll 'i}X11YJ1D103:U: DA:Jli10X3XA1l0 3:S: "'i)Xli\0,\YJX ,\Xl~Dl:J:U: Sltl
i i i(10'{:U:9 (10A:Jn10X3XA(1D 1101 ~A0'{1ll3 U 1DX Llcb'\)XD003D D1 UA:Jn(l)'{UflllX 'i}XUXDO:t.S 1DAJ3 DJ001!003V
131:U:l)'{DXO:U:D 310(11'{'{'9 S(l):U:9 - UDD1D9:U:D U'{'\)A3r1 3D i\Dli\ ~i\lXllOJ Ll 5(l):U: i\Dil31D):U: S:JW'{D•\D 100319DD103:U:
-OXDJO't) 10X91D 10 119 i\DO(l)'{~Q SJ3'{3111C3 )Oi\DX103r1V 10 10 l)li\3 1l9 01 9XD1D0llCrt11.3 1YJA)3 "OOI_!lX 010]YJ•\3 !.OlD 5130
~1aD UDlD1:U:J03:U: i\U1D 1D)l iOX9lD 01 1.aoog Di\ SJO(l)X 1'{'\):U: -~l:U: i\YJDUI.)X3~ 'i)X11LlXmi I).\1XD01 'llOJODaOAll] ilOl 5Jo;nill
1DX i\(_lJX11UXmi i\l}li\1XD01 i\(1)1 i\0)11\Di\3 X!U<lOl.{d y~-WIV Sn<_nou Su 91LV ·stX1130ocbmq '\)l3XOD ADl~ mJX]AilD H
mmi~'{'t) oru;> i\DDI't'{]:U:D~3 )Oi\DX103riV 10 "U1'\)(/AD8: UlD ·SLtl 591Dnl_!l0U'{:U: 1101 9lTJA'i}() 01 YJnD3'{:JlO:U:D 31i 'DJX
'\)li.OX ~Z:-O!W 01}(/ YJ'{'{'\) Jn O:U:Cfll:Jli11i\YJ 3f)O~ I}OX11(1DN -1010<10 Ll1 3~Ll'{l!) lDX ~X0103:U: AUlD 3~t30lD}lC3 'W~VH
I}OX1i\YJX1031iV 1101 y h:I 10X)A.rt3~ Di\] YJO:Jnlt D1(/J i\Ul, SrtO'{(.tnl'ln:u: Jri YJAJ1iDl'{l!0~3 Am~ 1101! 9!-d S91ioumiLtXo
i51t0110]X 01 i\D'{YJ't)] ,,3, 10 I}OcbD 0'{3X'\)cb 5DA:J DIJ319klln OI.J'{ lDX '91iD1~)(l)'{XA3 ,\Ql ll13AO:JA3 ~X10()X3
9X1130ocbmq i\aOX] 10'{11DOI}:U: 01}(/ 10 nm'tJ:JH · i\YJXUfll.b
-JOOmnx 1.3(/ 91an olc9'{ 01 ml, 5(l):U: mx i\(1)1'\)rilt '{<;) i\(1)1
J i\DD10~1XDODX 51101 ~DUXJ01(/ Ll 1DX LldJI)XD003D 'i)Xli\
-DX10JnYJ Dl, "9-VS DJX10lD11D 91.m ~!-d i\l!JX11LlXDri I}OnD
(10'{:JXDcb (101 D109 DlD i\Dl~ 10X910 01}(/ 10 119 i\DD(l)'{~(/ -1mriLtXo 59A3 59r1Dl<j(1J'{Xk3 o !.Dl~ A'\)<j1ii1D Ol<;JO:U: OJ,
aoi\l)lADli\3IJ •<01 SJ3'{3111C3 10 i ao1 oX910 01 3X~O~) 1.3(/ I ·l!rbi)XD003YJ ljX11UXYJri 'i)A1XYJ01
SDi\]i\DX '\)'{'{YJ 'MOJJBdS dL- WIV i\Di\;) mx wvv~wv 31i YJ:U:(l)1]1i1li.YJ AD()O~ D'{'(9 1)11.3 '5DAilli'\)03XJ 1BpB1 lji\ 1X
on-wrv sao'{I}YJOI1:u: 51301 i\Dol1 '{J:U:D~J JOADx1o3r1V -DOl D1 9:U:D i\DXU1D)<j(l)'{XA3 i\(1)30~11! 5LlD<l309AD1LXJ A<;Ji\(l)~
10 ·~z:-O!W M!J1.1Xll01 01}(/ Jri O:U:(lll:J'rllli\D 3{JO~ A(l)1 Suoui1~11:u:3 S:J'{Owo:u:n Su ADDllAJX3~ no:u: ltcbi)XD
~ I-d A<;JX1i\DX10JJiD 10'\)AI13~ DAJ 'aoJODI10i\Dl 9 Su:s: -oi.13n '9X11.DX1i13r1D 530:Jtiu S31.3ri9m su '9x1mriknou
·SI}Oi\1XDOJ . 1101 OOI_!JX 010:JD1.3
,.531'\)'t)Don:u:,. Sao1 MlODJ:U:ID131i11AD Dl. ADD309ll1i i\3(/ i\OW SrtOdJ'\)XDOOJD noA:J~ uo~m 3fl'9X UDYJJ<jnon:u: )30(l)3f)
5Bogn:u:103:U: S:J'{'{O:U: 3D '9'{'{D 'Sam S3J'{O:U:10J:U: Su Aaoo D() 5~~3 OlD 119 3DUlAJOXYJi\D JD)( '5UOI1309kll:U:YJ S3i\l9~
-I}XDli\3 Di\ i\DXUlD'i)XADi\D ',.01i3'{9:U:010Dli\D 9X100:U:003D,. SLt1 m,\ 5DJADl30S: 1DX VIIH 513DI)cbOl!YJ Su 9J.li.10I.D
i\01 i\91(1D 9:U:D i\DXUlD'\)1(/11\cblD 10JO:U:O 10 )Oi\DX103riV 3ou1~'tJmcbr1D x 19 o 1 o1 'xod JJ;Js<Ja su1 u~~'t u1 3W

6L l!OZ Ol VdO<!>VNVUS H)IIVO ,a, \1\7\IINO :l:VHVOIJ :l:HdlHINHV 8L

-OX10 i\01 91£D "\)10Xmi '9X1031m~3 010 Oi\90X 0031Cl"'{DA3ri -OllD mx Snri lt1~AD'(1£ AOlD 50AJrla3(,l1D1£X3 mx 50A)riD1'{1£
I
J3130lt1£rr DA oAJrioDxA.DAD mAJ3 5<:JeDx '5~A.orioDooo1£ i -0~3 D03li}'(DX 0 1D1)30(1)38 S91D010 59X1i\DX103ri\{ 0

I~
D1Dri~'(\J001£ Di\011\:) 13J,Jl!m13ri11AD Sll1 9X11!(1)0001l 0.1 :"\)X11Xlt '(llDlDX 5~~3 D1 3rltXlOA) XlQJ03riltib3 H iii D1
·omXJ\1 S)i\831\1 01 1ri DAmib -Dri~'(\JOOll Xl110X)03113J,Jllf013ri11AD .. SmA0:)103ll" 0\JODD9)!
-ril}o 'Sll1 "91Ll191i1rioA Ll1 .. Llllt01"\)1(,l .. Jri mx 5rro1 ~~ODAJ 01 J,l13ri 591Xl01D S9X1i\DX103rl\f 0 OOOZ/9/I I S:H)!VIdA )j
1:
AlllO ADXLlflJ1 rrol! 531/\0S,JOO SI}OX1AooX 5rro1 1}'(01£ "\)1DX &H.L &OIJA.L D(,lJ03rilldl3 Lt mx 3rjtnoA.:) Sm1!9
i
i\ilOAJD£)031£rl (lOll S)'(OlDO:t:D 30 ~XO'(llri3 Jri - lt1~i\D'(1£ ' SltoJll3 ·qlFllS L I 911u (llAXJll MorttJomux DA 5ao1Jon
rro1 53JAmA 510300)1 Suo ltAJ1iiD'(1£D "\)X1'{0\J031£rl mBxo Sam SmA<;Jflltog 110\J9DDO)! ao1 ori3'{9ll oA91xoumoeAu
-JO\J Sl)lflDX - mll19ri1013 ~xmolto1JX11£3 ltAJrlm13ri 3ri 1DX i
I
owibo9oll Aow 51101 "9rirrA~ri 01 AD'(131DJ ,a . 10
.. DAJriDD10rlOXD .. D1),"\)i\DOA J?'('{Oll 3ri ~ADXltri ~X11(1)11D01D "DrilllDX)l(,l OlD DririDOA90ll 9X1AO'(OAX31 OA:)liltfj
I
uni 13AXJ3v ""9A10 "9A10 m131J(,lDi\D vuH Am1 Sn1iXJM v lj -mOOll O'(DllJlAD 3()r,JX 01!901 01lt,\.~~3AD Jri i\i't01}310ltoXu
53'{1£01\t{, 511 D1A Dt\9X13 Lt,\.03)031£ D11i DJ~)D'(DOX),rl01J ltD 5J1aD ,W "DriA13Q"\)0Dll Di\:) lDi\)3 1101 Xl)'(\J1\J DlD S9iboo
I'
At;lrimqilug1iog Aon 50'{)1 01 "\)13ri '5(lni9 'S3A~1i SrroA.JV SDAlt'{'(t{,O 13ib"\)OA "\)X11Xlt'(l!X3 DD9 D11D1Ai}OibDOA011!110X
I
"111!~00ilg AlllD 1Xl1J3A1X i\3(/ 3101!)1 VUH i\11lli}XD1 -ollu SDJo:t:o Slt1 mq 5oqOH:)1i Lt 1DAJ3 1101! 'll'!;J:LO:Lmov
~)(11(1)11D01D lt1 119 3~13(/) 01(,l)llOGJrlDDO)j 010 0.1 VN IIi: 1\01 DX1Qt)JX aoriltibJ03ll 1101 ~X01DX H iAOJA:)ri13x
1!,
rro1 DJ31DOlDX3 ~x1001£003D Ll <;JA3 - 5Ltolt)Ol!oniooxAD1£ I'' A<;JX1Alt'{'(3 AmJDXOD A<;JX1Q13 ltDltOJX)OA011!110XOllD Altl 9llD
Slt1 ~Xom Allw mx Am1"\)rikDOIJ lt~"9.L DJN Ltw pXomorrx i:l 1D1AOXOJ001l t,)'('{Oll 1101! - AmlX)riltwnD mx AmQ9fl3rl 5XlJA
D031i~D rl01£ ~1/UJ DA9X13 All1 ADD11XDJA3 1101!'{9)1 Oo:L -0110113'{ LlD<;JAA All1 S1101 D10)X mo MOXJ i\0'(1rlt3, 10
501i3'(91l o mx 31001'('{"9 rl01i)'(Oll I}OOXrrrjt rl01 50'()1 0.1 iilJQAI AlllO 1DX 1J\J18
"513~)'(3~3 SJ3Afl31(/ 511 9ri8D\J OlD i\(l)'(XC}X )031! 1DX Ll1i9XXl XJA03J031£ DOOibX)19 J310110XD
0101:)1 30 13J,X)30Llll3 Di\ mlt191DArl(/ ltl 1DX rl01 D10JX MOXJ IJlA3 '5DJ'(D01011 v Slt1 Srroyxl}x 51}oxmriltw11l3AD1l
mo ltriDA<}(,l Lto91 ltAJrimolA3XAOD 3XJ3 - S:w1 5aoXI}01 mx SI}OX1riOi\OX10 mx J?'('(D SI}OX111'{0ll 'SDJAXlrinod 5Ltl
-Drim1~D 5o031<;JAD o mx Suoc;lX Slt1 Mmi"\)Arl\1 Mll'{1£9A3 SOO'{XI}X 5a0031JD1Q1 'DJibXlW (S~AIYJADlXlX S~X1All'('{3 Sll1
M01 5~'{DOJ3X11l3 mx 1DAJ3 no:t: 'VUH Mrll 500(!3901! o - -D.LI)lllD) All1 'DJ'(D.LI AlllD .. "90008' rl01DXAJV .. All1 '5)1D1ri
501£1YJO()AX) SDAJ Smlt19llmO()AD Slt1 XlJOmor AlllO 'D101'{X)1i -Oi\01aD SnOXDX)H 51101 'SI}OADAiby 51101 '(i) nxnib9A1il1z
'D1AX):t:S: ·5mi lt1~AD'(1£ 1101 5)1i\CDA 530319001031£ 511D 1101 5rrOD<)ld S1101 '5rroS,r_toilv 5n01 mx 1:LAJS,31J
ami)'(Ol! 5J'(OlA3 J3'{31X3 DA mll191XlM(/ Lt1 mx S~0()DX 51101 'AOXA91N AOJ1 ~'{nib ~X1ADX10ibD ~X11DriA1i\1D Altl
'Ml)(,lOGJ3 011}0'(1: 1DX 9X1riDAit(,l 0110"\)031 131J()D1\I 'O!d Alt1 mx (S~kmi\nwx 5~xullil)! 1DAJ3 JO'('(Oll rlOll)
"3HO am 5no1AJlD1D'(DIJ Snm 'mnriA"\)1 DX1DJ\J03\I Xl'{'{"9 mx 5t;JflDX
i\m3D~013X11l3 Al)lX11113Alt013 i\f01 "\)1'(DXOXOXDO lt1 )3'{31 A<;JlrlD AISJX0103ll Aml 1ibi}OI Sam 'l}omilw I}OA1XDOI rro1

[8 f fOZ OJ. VdO<l>VNVU3 H){IVO .a, V'VVWO ' :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWH'\7 08

~
82 ~HMHTPHI riOABA2: OMA~A "E" OAIKH EITANA<POPA TO 2011 83

ycvcwx6 tou xuxA.o xm TO cv.Scx6fLcvo cvanaxnx~c; auTCt XC!L C!AA.a nona, un:ot(8nm 6n O(jJELAOVTC!L 0111V
a:rraox6A. TJOTJc; OTTJV mo8111a BchtwfLEVTJ avq_>txavtx~ EVEQYTJ 0Qa011 TWV 'E'IjltA.ov: [VUJOTOJ10LOUV rt' au16v TOY
OLXOVO[LLU, [LE an:on£AEO[LU va EXEL au/;T](l£( 0 Q110~t6c; an:o- tg6n:o t11V n:ugouo(a Touc;, xavovtac; nc; umg.Suvavnc;
XWQT]OT]<; 1wv fLEOa(wv oTrA.rxcov. H ai;tomoT(a wu uA.t- OVT(J)c; va [LLAOUV yta "EV«V uyvwU'tO 1t«QUYOV't« TC0\1
xou n:ou XQTJOL~tan:mr(<m one; rmxctg~oac; xuvaCvnm dvut U'tO 1t«L)CVtlit llf «VfSllY1J'tf~ r.t£00bou~"!
an:6 TO "agtoTO" we; TO "avai;t6moTO", rraga 10 ycyov6c; l',.cv cCvm xm t6oo vuonx6 6n ot vqaA.cc; vuonxec;
6n EXOUV /;OOEUTE( OT][LUVTLXa XQTJ[LUTLXa rrooa. um1gwCcc; Tou x6ovou, cxouv t;oc5£1jlct vexgt Twga n:ona
In1 c'na:n:Cocwo11 am~, aAA.woTE, xm£A.11sav oTganwnxo( XQ~rtma n:goon:u8wv<ac; va xmuA.aBouv n ouvBaCvct flE
avaA.m£c; xm ai;tWfLClTOlJXot 1wv HnA ytam nEQL<Jl!JfLU rA.t- 6A. 11 am~ T11V toTOg(a n:rgC "Orta6ac;-E".
x6mcga AITATII one; En:tXELQ~ottc; wu K6ooBou, 1J :n:ugou- Iw agxdo TOu En11vtx~c; xmaywy~c; ma8rtaQX11 T11<;
o(a TUJV orro(wv fLE m T6oa TEXVtxa :n:goBA.~vmu 11:011 rmgou- CIA OTT]V AO~va (1965-75), TOil Kuga[LEOLV11, ana xm
o(uouv A.nTOUQY110E we; "rmc'\gov~ 61][L6atwv ox£orwv". OTO 11flEQOA6yto TOU aA.Bavtx~c; xataywy~c; a[tEQLXaVOU
l',.uo un:6 uuTa, aAA.woTc, xmumg6.cp11xuv xwgCc; vex :n:geoBTJ OTTJV A8~va 0111v mgCocSo TTJ<; Xouvmc;, xevgt
ftEtaoxouv xuv oc rmxECg11o11!!! IIOIOI ITAPENEBH; Taoxa, [LEQO<; t(J)V on:o(wv exouv c511[LOOLEUTEL OTO BtBA.Co
H .Stuxon:~ xut uxg~onuorJ tou n:goygav~wtoc; "En11vcc; ITgaxTogcc; t11c; CIA xm t11c; KGB", avacpego-
"I16AE[LO<; HOY AOTQUJV", 0 Ei;uvuyxUOi.LO<; HJJV vrm rxt6c; TCov anwv tu ci;~c;: "H mgwx~ t11c; Neac;
ArtEQtxuvwv vet ouvcgyuoTouv fLE T011c; Pwoouc; yta vu Maxg11c; cSrv rmA.£x811XE tuxaCa an:6 TO Ilcvtaywvo twv
uvuxaA.u'ljlouv n 0Uft0ULVEL [LE 6A.a UUta, 11 "ci;aq:avto11" HilA yta t11v qxm6otao11 T11<; o<ganomx~c; TOuc; Bao11c;.
xarrotwv 6ogurp6gwv, 11 an:g6BA.mt11 mwo!] TOU 6taonl~LL­ AxgtBwc; o' UUTO TO 011flELO, eva on:avto cpuotx6 rpm VO[LE-
xou A.cwcpogc(ou "ToaA.cvTsEQ" - n:ou cxtcA.ouoc xa:n:ma vo xavct T11V TOn:o8w(a vova.Stx~ oTov x6o1to: I1g6xEttm
ELOLX~ [LUOTLX~ tmOOTOA~, 1] xmaggt'ljl11 TOU J1QWTOU TOUQ- yta 10 "Mayv11nx6 Man", n:ou [3g(oxETm 0111v OaA.C!oma
XLXOU 6ogurp6gou, m EVTOVCl n:goBA.~rtma cmxm vwvCac; A.wg(cSa vnai;ii Neac; Maxg11c; xm IInaA.Cwv o1ov
<wv .StaOT11ftOn:A.oCwv ~tE ra m( ycta xcvtga mtXELQ~ocwv, EuBo'(x6 K6A.:n:o xm an:on;A.c( TO rva axgo cv6c; "vayvT]n-
ta OUVEX~ n:goBA.~~tata xm 11 TEALX~ axQ~01EU011 TOll lita- xou TOuvcA.". M£oa 010 ILClYV11TLX6 uut6 touvcA. un:agxct
0111[LLXOU om8~toii MIR, ot 11AEXTQOVtx£c; n:agcvf3oA.£c; xm EVCl ouvcxcoc; )(LVOU[LEVO itClYV11TLXO XU[LflCl [LE aoun11n:t11
11 J1TW011 xarrotUJV ELOLXWV argon:A.avwv' OL n:agai;cvcc; rv£gycw. H ouvcx~c; vnarpoga cv£gyctac; an:6 to eva
n:ou an:o.ScxmCsouv xm ot 1jluxao8£vctcc; n:ou an:o.Scxm(- axgo OTO aAA.o, [tl10QEL va XQ110LilOITOL118E( [LE T11V [tETaOo-
souv TOuc; Bncgavouc; tou "IIoA.£1tau tou K6A.n:m/', ot 011 x<iOE c(oouc; 11AEXTQOflClYV11nxwv XUftltaTwv. H [tta
ClVES~Y111E<; Xat aouv~8toTE<; [tEYCtAE<; rpumx£c; xma01QO- aXQTJ amou TOu on:avtOl' vayv11nxou TOuvcA. c(vm veou
cp£c; one; Hvwv£vcc; IIoA.tTECc; xm 0111v fqnwv(u, 6A.a OT11V 8aA.aooa fl1TQ001a an:6 Tl]V Bao11, Xat T] an 11 OT11V
84 Ll.HMHTPHI riOi\BAI OMAL'.A "E" 01\IKH EDANA<l>OPA TO 2011 85

B LQT~[vLa Twv HITA, x<irrou xovT<i OTO A6vyx.A.c"L. Mta

OLWJtY]A~ xm JtaVTEAW~ acpav~~ 1-\ETUOOOY] XUI-\1-\UTWV, JtOU
esUJtYJQETE[ rroAA.ou~ OT6xou~: Emxm VWVLE~, rragcmoA.ou-
O~OEL~ XLVYJOD~ cxtlQLX(tlV ~lOVUOWV, aJTOQQY]Tec; JtAY]QOCpo-
KEci>AAAIO 3o
QCec;, DATA, x.A.rr. XwQCc; arroA.uTw~ xavfva Esooo xm ~LE
cpumx~ otqav~ arr6A.mn aocp<iA.aa. flat( OTo "1-1ayvY}nx6
touvrA." OEV urr<iQXEL ouvm6tr)Ta va ~mEL <iAA.oc; 1-\E xav£-
va lplJOLXO ~ TEXVY]TO Tg6rro"! E'PIAON
Ana, oTa TEA.YJ wu '60, x<irrotm "a6QaTOL cmox£mrc;" H OAIKH EllANAci>OPA
EI-\ITmvav owv l-\rtyvnnx6 OCauA.o, OY]I-\LOugyouoav rraQqL-
DNA EAAHNQN- YllEPOllAA
poA.fc; xm ExA.cpav arr6ggnTa o~1-1ata. 'Htav n mox~ rrou
Oiio EAAY]VLX~~ xataywy~c; JtQ<iXTOQec; xuvnyouoav va
TQEL~ cpOQfc; TorroOn~OY]XE Eva E (EWIAON) OTY]V
~ouv x<irrmouc; ELOtxouc; XUQl:E~ twv EUQUTEQWV JtEQLO-
XOQlicp~ TOU AEHtl~LC!TO~ TOU Ncxou TOU Arr6Af.wvoc; OTouc;
x6JV: 0 Tol-l KaQai-\EOLVY]~ TYJ~ CIA XUL 0 ftwgyo~
!i;' LlEA.cpouc;, XC!TUVTLXQU OE OJ10lOV J1AY]OLCl~E TY]V XEVTQLX~,
NaoA.[OYJ~ (fLOUQL NaoA.6cpoxu) cmxecpaA.~c; l:Y]~ KGB oTa 'I
il cxvaToA.tx~ ITuA.n wu, rr<ivtoTE ouvooeu6~L£vo arr6 To
BaA.xavLa. OL eAA.YJvLxoC 1-1ayvnnxoC 1\CcwA.m urrotCElnm :I
fNQ8I LAYTON OTY]V x<iTw agLOTEQ~ ywv(a xm TO
6n rCvm TEOOEQEL~, (av xm A.Eynm 6n 1magxouv xm "
II MHtlEN Af AN <JTY]V XQT(J) c)EsL<i TOU LOLOU AET6J~LC!TO~.
<iAA.m ouo Jt0\1 ECvm l:EA.c[w~ 1-\UOnxoC), xm YJ ouvEQyao[a ]I
'HTav yvwoT<i oav "tlcA.cpLx<i rraQcxyy£A.rwta" TO OE E To
A[LEQLxav6Jv - LO~LETLxwv ocv ELXE 1-\ltOQEOEL va TOU~
i[ "rrgoEOQEiiov" aunuv. To rrcxA.m6teQO arr6 auT<i (Ta E)
cA.ey1;a 6A.ou~.
~Tcxv 1;11A.L vo XL avacpfQETm oav "E TUJV Locpwv", ywT(
I1g6xELTaL YLCl eva Y]AEXTQO!-layvnnx6-nxocpaO~lC!TLX6
cxcpLEQW0Y]XE arr6 TOY L6A.wvcx xm<i [-lLa cxooxf1, xm<i OE
oCx1:uo rrou OTY]V ouo(a arrotcA.EC £vcxv 1\CauA.o emxmvw-
<iAA.YJ arr6 6A.ou~ [-ta~( tou~ TOTE avayvwQLO~ti'vouc;
vCac; ~LE TO OUI-\Jtav! 'Eva rre<'\Co TOU orroCou Y] yvwoYJ yta
LOcpouc;. 'OTav am6 ccpO<iQY], OL A8nva(m Eeeoav OTO Na6
TY]V EXI-\fTUAEUOY] TWV OUI-\JtaVTLXWV EVEQYELWV TOU xm Y]
TO <'leiJTEQO, TO orroCo ~Tav xaA.xt vo. LE avnxm<ioTaon
LXaVOl:Y]Trt TYJ~ ~LETUOOOY]c; Qa<'\LOOY]I-\UHDV XaL Y]AEXTQO~La­
xm aUTOU, Y] AL~LCl LlQOUOEAAa, ou~uyoc; TOU AuyoiiOTOll,
YVYJTL:{WV EXJtOI-\JtcllV, TO xa8LOT<l EVa UITEQOJtAO ClOUAAT)-
acpLEQUJOE TO TQLTO xm TEAEUTa(o, arr6 xa0ag6 XQUOO. H
Jtl:WV OLam<ioewv!
[-lOVa<'lLX~ JtAY]QOlpOQLa yta TO E TWV LleA.cpcilV J1QOEQXETaL
AuTec; nc; yvwortc; - <'l'f]A.cxo~ T'flV TcxvoyvwoCa TOu ~YIT~­
arr6 TOY ITA.oUtaQXO (46-127 [-l.X.), 0 OJtOLO~ W~ lEQEllc;
Jlmoc; - nc; exouv oTa XEQta Touc; m'E1)JLA.ov xm nc; XQYJ-
OLU ~LOU TOU Arr6Af.wvo~, JtQEJtEL va ~TC!V XOLvwv6c; XaL
oqwrrmouv ...
tr 01 Sam 13~JOU1D01Ul SOJDAU(-)\f o Sod:>oillOI)tl 0 ·SmA()1cD000'{1cD 'D13(-)~'{V
·uo3(-)91C[\001C ~X1AO'{ SmXJq S9no AU1 A~lrtl} 1D1AO~J013XD13TI rtOlC SrtOAJ3X3 ,o :!Old
-1AO'{'{Il0 5DA;JADX 1DX DJ11D SJOmX 11X0"91Crt A3\l mif-yOJ.C -OJ.HX:!3V 11})( D13(-)U'{D AU1 MO~JO(l]AA rtOlC SI)OlrtD
DA;JADX 1D)l ·S9TID1AO'{'{rt0 50A3TI911CDMO 0 ~XilD Slt~13q ,o :!OINHW:!I 1DAJ8 "D138~'tV D101C9X 1D13AJDd:>mq
-9J.CD Slu mx ll~13\l91CD ll Sm1e~'{\f Slll Smd:> mx Sm3QU 'tV mx 1D13A()103ADd:> Saoo9 30 :!OIVNVcl> mx :!OIVHV
Sll1 DM30;J ll mAJ3 DJd:>ooo'{1¢> JW1J ·saod:>9o0'{1¢> Saow 1DX 1D1AOA()103TI UA3 DA 'A()-Ol(l]ClJ DA 'ArtOA JD(-)DTI DA
rtOl uo~ilX U1 13AJ31001C 'rt01 SI)OTIOUOX Srt010 "9AXrto MO~JXOD rtoJ.C SrtoAJ3X3 mil :!OI0AII 'Sm:-(J-oo:- lln Sam
01 5DlA<)l101COTI1DUOX mx I)OrlD1A0'{'{110 rtOl (It!) 010911 mk :!VIEOV 1DAJ3 :S(J-mrtD SooJ.C D1Dn9w DA0'{9AD nX9
01 91rtD 1D13X;!qDODlC '~)(11X3'{D1'\7 Alll SD1A<)l0Art3 5918 5938 0 501\/J 0 1X J1D1J · A()11011C Am1 llD1ri(-JY\JD1q ~X11llrtn
o SmJ.C 1DAJ3 'J3(-)iW'{OXD rtoJ.C 'Smi\O;J8 ao1 lttltoJ.Cy H II: AU1 1DX ~X110101C AU1 '~X11DTirt3AlC AU1 31i DA0'{"9AD 'SrtOl
"(38-Itl) Suou·txy6DJ.C ~ S~Xrt1 ~D1kil5JOOOJ.C :-Lu SoOJ.C Sm MOOjld:>mq DlAOAJDlillo 3\? D.L
0169n mx "9'{'{D '(:-y1) Am19lill1<nil3 A10U19\l01ioll6X SoilJ.C "ui3NIVWH:! VVVV 'I3J.IIAd)I3J.AO
I·
A(l]1 9X11010U1XDODX 1DAJ3 '("It[ rtOl 91\l AOA31ii)013TIUO I' 'I3J3V 3J.AO ':!10ci>V3V N3 0 EVNV Ou :119
ADJ'ttJlfJ A011Cri;J1C 01 1\/"91'{1 ll1mx A31i()JOO 031CO(J, "I)OOXDYI 011J'{X"90H A01 91CD Ajl(-)llO 01 SmA()10ll1 'Sam S~m!.il;Jo
tr rtol J1AD It! m1 mx SmJoll'{J.CDODJ.C 'OlA()10X3oOOJ.C -OOJ.C SI)OTID1kO'{'{ao 10 131C;J0100J.C "9'{'{D 'Am)Oiuort w :-m1
rtOJ3X101D I)OOXDTI 0 rtOl J1AD }..0 (1]1 10JDXO\f 10 531A"91C., m 131J.C()-'{DXOJ.CD 119 J3(-)llilokllmx m 1019 J300J.Cn A3'\7
: ~ ,\J "'{\J1\J 1)0101cDOOOAlC13'\7 "'{\:)) It! 1DX 1D13cD 9 0f- t[ 01 ·s:o.L
~\l131C3 '119 1DAJ3 rt00<,1A9X1N Sojl03l rt01ll~tOJ.C"9 U1J01 H - HNJit!V S:.A.L)lVd.Ltl.L 9X1Q01031C 010 Sllq)TI3'{31ADU
.A938 'DJ'\7 A01 "9131i '13~91 Ul 00311)3\l A01 'DMD'{'{91C\f ·tr o 3(jtDOkjl SmJ.C9 lll0()1AkDAD Am "9X1110xmg Sm:-()lkllq
A01 13A()1'{UQ '(A(l]1A;JUA(l]dJ) A~AOl<l;> A(lllA9X3 A<Yl1 'A(lll -ooDx oo9wm ,'{'{D 'lloJo ~1110 Sm:-o:-il}DJ.C lln 'Am3DI)'{DAD
- "9liriD6k :-an 00311)39 01 Sm:-9 't! 01 SmJ.C 31CJ3 Sony DO[)l(-)U'{J.C 11i 'SoXilmi)O'{U o So1QJ o 13AJD\J1i31C3 ADD 'Sao:-
·srw1 -3li9k3'{mq Srtm 91CD S3)3Allli03 S300cD91\? 1D1A0'{'{"9\JOOJ.C
Soe~'tJ.C 9x1mrlkD6J.C 01 1019 Sm:-oM)J'{llq '938 ww (~ 'A91aD OA0'{"91\? A013: "DTIUXJQD 9X1A101C 1DX 9X1(-)ll 301)0'{31
91i(-)10D A01 ~QD'{llq) t[ 01 ADOlDOJ1cDD - I)OcDO:l: rt01 U1i~d:> -OJ.CD 'SI101U(J-TID SrtOlO Sr101 A(l]J3X101D lttlta'{"9X01CD U A910
U1 ADDU(-)091C3~3 DD;J1i lJ1A"9'{1C 3rl 10)01CO 10 '01(-)AJOO)l -m:-k Sm JW1k 'AUlJOlllOrtW A()JX1dJ'{3'\7 So1C901 o 1x 9'{'{D
A01 OOQADJ03U 1\01 1DX 01(./AJV A01 O'{rt0\J93'{)l AOl 'OI)q '91111} ,1!. 3tltDOAJ A3q 50'{'{9 S)3Al}l( 119 O.L "91111} ,0 3\/1\ljllCD
Srto'{'{"9 Srto1 9J.CD AI)O(-)D10mXmq DA SmAO'{;J8 S9xm1u 'ao1 s~x'{o Sll1 5D5Jd:>Dokilrw SD:-9 aoJ.C DJoDnllo ll'{9k3n :-111
mx SDJH ':-mws: 'S~'{D8 'Am'{JX 10 - Sl)od:>os: "911C1 Sr1o1 'DA3TI9d:>Dil!. m mx Sm1C9 '13AXJ39 'am S~\J101D1Q SllOU'{X
9J.CD 31AJ1C 10 SmJ.C m:-J3 'D)OJ.CriDy rtoX0"91rtO'{U ao1 9d:> -9'{o Smn o:-31'iJ3X11AD 9X11D13'{XOJ.CD o1m:-p 'ao1~1:)Dd:>'{y
-'{3\/D AOl 91CD UAjl1im'{ltq 'oi\0'{"91\l OlD ll(jtOJ.C9 U1()101C H rt01DTITI90A DAJ A91C10'{ 119 0.1 "A(l])0U10rtW A(l]1 Slll0()1AA

L8 l !OZ O.L VdO<!>\iN\ill3 H)[!VO .a, VVVWO 3:V!IVOIJ 3:Hdl.HWHV 98

I·
i~
 '3 m BA<;J"'{lll;> '5<n3~:)"'{ 01091i AOJ.£)3"'{"'{3 0"'{"'{1) 010:Ul)X 311}0 mx 5o1A<SJ1D 5<n 1D1J3Ari<1 5938 o J1mtl. 'DA(l)"'{'(91fV •\01
'01lD3(/AI}D 311}0 'll~1)1 311}0 '91i910D 311}0 119 13~JOlllDO:Urt Jrl A9A 1ox 01 'OX11<;J1'("'{D ~ 5:)"'{31D 3101£)1 J;>M3k A3Q Slu
rro:u rtOJA<nrhly rrm lld<o:UJ;> All1 3rl 13AJ3'(X SokO"'{J;>19 0 91rlD3 A01 31i (3) 50(/1)1C1i3U 5ll1 A91£10'( llD<DA:) H . A00131£1)

r:~ So~;~?1t~~
,1£3 1Dl3AJA 91rlD 1X 'DQY)XJ(/ All1 ~ rlOl 91rtm AOl ~ 5~1£001
I
mx 5(l)d:l 01 91£D 131£1il)'(D1<{ S10Dil9 ll -1031£ XJ l)M3A 'rt01 9111D3 A010 1D138J1DOO:U (3 01) 91rlD
·SoXll 1DX llA(l)dJ 1D13A1A 11rlD OlD 13rlOOXDOOJL AD10 5D03D
"' "' "' "
J I AD19 1)[ '5lll 91rlD3 A01D 13A<;J13"'{31 DlAl):U - 0091£0 1"'{1)1£
; /

0 "590rll£ rl01 llDI}ffi ll1 13X} 'Dlll19ri038 All1 91£D 1D11)A

;
I lr' 13QJ3(/0:UD '513DI)ld:>OOriDl31l 5300dJY)1Q 91£D 1)13rl 0091£0
~II,
-AJk DOl) mx 51DDJ1ii18DAD mAJ3 ~9131£3 llDllild:>D9 H 'A<;JlD 01 91£D rlOlf - lllll}ffi ll 1DX J1D1J '1101 91rlD3 AOlD DlAY)l£
-rt3A. SJ1ll1910:U Su mk lliltll '()lAD 1)1XO:UD Sll1 1)1ll190Art
I II I 13AI)l13'(31 rl01 9111D3 A01 )1£3 91lD1DD'(l.SD'('(Ol£ A01 mA
i'
Alll 91£D llDI}3A ll 'Sllq<;J3A 1DX ~Oll'(XD 1DAJ3 ~dJD ll 119 ·I',i'': JlD1k Swl}d:l mx 1D13A.:)'( (3) 31A}:U OJ., 'OJ3Xrow ori1A9tl. 01
AI}000l38 JlD1k 'SnD~8D1D 31A}l! 5u 'SrtoriD9X 31A5):U Srrm j!'l AI}O'(JlO:UD D1Al)lf JlD1A '5rt01101) 5<}0'('(01£ AI}OM3tl. '51}01
•j,.1.l -11031£ 3MJ0831DOO:U AlllQ J01111J31£ 'D138J1A'f . AO'("'{l) 130~A
Sl}mrtD ,rl ArtO~JlJXDrtD 1od:loD9"'{1<[> J013XO'f 'DJDrLOl:UriJU
~ DJDrLO llll£1l:)il 10'('(1) 1DX D0:)81'f 10'('(1) '50J<J) ;:i -A3tl. DA 1\01 DJriDArtQD All1 5<;J010XD A~1ClD 91lD 'nOl UDI}dJ
10'('(1) '9AD0110 ArtO~l)riOAO 10'('(1) rlO:U Ol:Uri}l£ AOl 1DX U1 91£D 13AJDki:J 31•}0 '9111<l3l£ l)MJA A3Q 0110') 3D ~L831D
500}'f (l01 010Dl511 AOl '590rlU 1101 A9H\D 'SOlD<{krlOl -001£ AD19 501101) }101! 1DX 5911103:U: DlAl)ll D1l '501101) 1D1
01lD9X A01 'Sllj 5ll1 oriD9X A01 :31A}li 91£D 1D1 J3'(310:UD -J1MJk A3Q Som Lt~1riJ;>AD 911inx 9:un JlD1J 'A300J;> 01 5oo:u
591rlD '5ll'(}l01D10'f 0 131.]"'{ 5(1)1£9 '5DA} OA91i 13XOJ;>lirl 1}0111031£ 01 mx n'(~8 m 5oo:u no11o9 1101 lcDJXD ~xucnA3
AD 1X l)'('('f '31A}LC 1XJA)3 JOlllD 3191 '101iD9X ADA} 91£D 100 AIH 3rl rt01 5Y)1U1910rlo Slc1 m/.9'( '50riY)J 5rt01309I.Xlfll\ll
-319DD103l£ MlOXOJ;>:Uil AD 'DA<DlY)'(il A01 l)lDX 1DX DW 5<101 9:un ~8DmloAo nXJ mx Sn01C)lil:u 9:uD 1XllJ3'(310:UD
'OAOlJ\7 S91rm So1t;Jilll JW1k '5~riu S~cx1nom~J 9rltJ10D 13AJ9 or;Q
01 11JX 01A9111ill10J., 01 'OA9J., A01 '01A911riH 01 'll03J\7 AOl1 M)ll<Hl mimOOfl9 OJ., "59111031£ 5011)101£ o Xl)Ol 01 mx
ll1 :p10:U01l1DllOX OA91i 31A}lf 'DJQCD'(JV\1 ll 'A<DA91 AC01 IJ~ Sou or; SoH;>o:u o mA J3 O<)Q 01, ·ouor; 9111o3:u A01 mx 91
-Dl31i DlD1l~1DD1Q 1)'('(01! ArtOXOY)l£1\ 1DX AD 1DX 53JAOJd:lrlrto -1103:U: OUcll) A0113A1)X 'lc,\J1i}()1lDOcl:U <}Oclm 'lcQJ3 OI}Q XllD
5)800 10 mAp 31A}lf JW1J ·5LL1 DJnmlllo All1 13X} 5J;>:uriJu mx ltriDAI}Q Lt1 r;mx ~lA1ox mAp lli./1)•\0W lcmx 5r_t0111031l
ll '930 AOlfl 130}0D OD91 ilO:U ~X10<10W lllD mx l)'('('f mx 5rtoUOl) 3D 1D1AI}OcJ1ll1Q JOlitJ10D 10 119 5JJ1AOA?'( ,
·5ori09)[ 0 1X 5CSJ\:J10XD 5<D1!9 'llriDAI}Q ll11DX ll0381)1(/ '5oXOllli}O'(ll o 501QJ o nAsQOU'(lillilD ~1nD lcilto:Ul) AltJ.,
ll1 '~d:lomi ll1 Soo:u 5m rro1 I}Olilm rrm 5130<;J:JJ0or1Duri JD ')3Cl13lllll3A J3ll 5930 0 119 1X AllllAl):U AUll ll)11D llhl '(91£D
13A.I}3d:lmDx 3<{ 310'('(1;> '(V.LNVII IV03:3RI3WV.LNV mx ltl<;JO:U: 1JJA)3 591l810TJ o 119 ltD:_lO D1309AD8Clll Alll 101}
,J., 3:0dAII) D1Al)l! D1 5001£ 13AC)l101l0~3 D1Al)lf Dl 13~l)ild:lx3 · .. A13~l)llrl31!.. MO~l)riOAO AJ3lif)1 iln 01 JOdJO:S:
orm 5m 310'('(9 mx 'llDI}Cb Alu rro1 mqJ All1 91m 5milD8d:l1;> 10 I}OdJTJ '51):U:ri3ll AIDl A<;J1l810D AC1J1 D10M? All1 13A(_D'(lt(/

68 llOZ 0~ VdO<l>\IN\ILIR 1-DIIVO ..R,. \IV\IWO :<vavou :<Hd~HWHV 88

'i
li
rwrl(lMDMW rto:t mx (lOkny rto:t 9TID10310D A010 5omrl 31i HJ<;>wo 01 '938 AOl 13~J"(Og1irto 3 01 119 SmAOAJnrllLo
-~10rt0 (lOK11UAD"(ll 59A3 O"(OgTI(lO 9K1110KD1Q m,l. 1D113K -11£3 So1<;Jo1£ A3rl 0 ·ur!tol£1? a01 ~x1g mrl 91£Xl 1x 5nA;JOXJX
-9 01£ 119 13~JOIL1001frt ' .. AoAnkon Mlw9Wo .. U"(;!l01010V 0 ArlOAC)Jlfrtln1Q 'rloXO)/lrtO"(U rlOl mo 1n1AOO~dlnAn (lOdln
rt01 rtOf.a) rtOlUOU)OlfOK1QmKOl!D rtOl ~<]tOlfJ? AU1J?lDK AU1 10)01£0 10 '(LL6l 1DA~OV) Soo9k1Lx1V' 'SIL<;>r_todloxrt3V 'J
3rl 3 9K1cD"(JV' 01 5mAo~<;>ArtO '5lL<;>(lOdloxrt3V '5o031(l3Q 0 mx (Lt8! 51"(01f(lOA11AXllDAm)J_) S90WI 'S~OmQ03QXJOXl)l
3Q 0 ·a01 5~om"(lfJ?~3 513DA(lQrt31DK S11 mx mlL1901DU dl;!l& 0 ·AC)lcD"(3V' AOll 3 01 mk 13r!t-.;>Clk ArtOX;! - m~JOmAk
AU1 m,l. S3)"(01)1d:JTID ArtOA~cDD A3Q (lOTI0111"(0li (lOK1AU"("(3 119 ,lfn - O(lQ oA91i SpdlnoUao Srl003l93A Srr01 91£V
rtol Am30J?dl AC)JK1lK1"(3~3 Am1 (S~lU"(3QO"(DK Sao ·snng~o038
-1D(lO"XD mx Srto10(lO"XJ 91£D lLomAKJOOrto Sa01 Sa01 ~K111f Sn1Ac_rl"("(OlfV SILl no~1xnonX (lOX11lLON mx (lOX1rlOO)l
-DOOllfO"X Alll 11"(9 ,ODlf) SILolLf.9"(0AOOX npX1010 D1 )1D1k rtOl SILOmJXlX1Q mx S~"(Ogoolf SIL1 ILXklJAXl mx J?"("(Xl
rt00~13 ,dlD 1D)l ... AOk9V A903J A3Drl3X9"(3~3" A011£•1k)V - SnJ001XlOK01rt V SIL1 mno~lf m 91£Xl 10)DTimd 10 Ank
S13 SJ?IJD131i AD19 D;!cDOO DAU"("(3, SILO)l£3 i\01 1DX - nA~o13 rtol£ S(l038 mx S3J3xouoe S3''("(9 91£D rro1 (l01i01A
("X"lf 0006) ~rl03 DAU"(3,A01 91£D ADOILQXJ?Q1Q3 10111f(lk1V -rrJAmAn mx rt0)31ADW rlOl S~rlxnilnll ~Xom mrl 30 - mlL1
10 mx rtOlf Smrl9 S130C)JAJ "Mll3DCf!Ak AC)J03J SoA~rllLrtrl mx. i -9rl11£oxo 9103rl mrl 91fD 13X? rlOlf mik10A\l ·Srwll.tr).rln mx
. ·I'
SoX(l01Drlm1~D 3~0~1frt ("X"lf OOZl) S~orrmw 'Srt01 MDTI9N I'! m~? Srtol So ill£ nrlk 10AD DA;! SrnA9oXArro SmAOAlJK 'S;Jkm
MD1 1DK SrtOA83,rt01 S~lm1"(3TI38 o rtOl£9 '("X"lf 0001 - -11£3 S;JxmillL10rtW S11 'Sr)303J mx SlLlDrJW Sal 101) )30~~
<;>Jrrnv 9 n"(Dffi om 1 3n Xlf o~t 1 - NO~~v soal£ AoArlA- ·Sm38~"(V SIL1 5;!Xrl11f S3"("(J? mx 5gl,\D811L ArloXOJ?lfrl 119
·"tiJnonl£ ·X·lf) Srt0)11frtk1V SrlOl 91£Xl XJ031)D1Q1 mx Sr}OXl"( J30UOMJ DA 5mAOA~dln 1-x nrl?o 01 J?K11Dmorw 5mAOAJ3"(X
mCl(lk Srl01 91£D AXJO~lf m ((lOXl"( (l01X3"(K3 mx aoXClnJOrlX uri '01"(9XO ~ okO"()l£3 9K11XlTIOXJ031fTirlO 0101£)/K SJilmX
rro1 S01mik9<;> rro1 AIL"(lf) Srl01 nJ3X1o10 J?X1AOkOJ8 mx '53A3TI(lOkU001£ 511 S3"(9 J301D~ Xl DA lL<]tOlfJ? Xl)XllC\3"(31
J?X110111"(0ll m Xl"(9 )1D1k S9A3 ,dly '010Q90H 'Am)XlOrlcD3J AUl 3rl 'oAO"(J?1Q AOl Cf!Q3 13MJl13"(31 5oXOD1r)O"(Jl 0
mx AmXJA10<f> Aml m Sool£ oA3rlJ3xmg D1"(Jdl Smo~Arto '9AAn 1X 90Df)XlX 3QJ?K AXJ~Xl1i9AO 101} 10)DXoy 10 J1D1A
i\01 XlTI9XD A91rlXl 91£Xl 1X 31()0 '9X1AU"("(3 i\010 (S0101~1 Sog)O<f> mx '50•\9rlmx SDA!:L1DA)3 JW1A 5oJ.~I mx mBA}y
S~M3k01rtn 3~o~:J.:a An) (l01iD111"(0U (lox;_nogg C\01 'uonog '508~"(1£ 01 1DX J?"("(Olf m SOA3TirJOAOD - AC)l"("(Olf\{ 1D13A~"(
-)1£3 (lLdlo010)1AD ,1f. S~"("(Olf woXOJ?lfrt) SILOWQ(l3WX SILl 9lrlD ,1A - (NC5VVOUV 3V' N3) 5mg, 1DAJ3 JlmA ' .. N3
S~1rtn ml, D)OrtloDrlJ?11inx 13XOJ?lfrt A3<;> (lOdm 'lLA~rloneAn"( 13 .. 1D)l '13XOJ?lfll 591rt V lJK11DrlAnillf 119 5D1AC)JA0"(01io
rt01i UTIC)lAk Ul J?lDX llr!Wlf\l ·SnJ3XOU08 S~x;,nogg SILl s~x mx SmAO~JilmAADAD '(mo)3) .. 13 .. J?1AXl1£DlAD S91rtn 1x
-ogolfn 1x SnJ311Lonrl nrlo3"(~1ol!n 5Cf!l£3Arto mx rro1 ~onodl ' .. A91rtDO 18C)JAJ .. 01 3TI13r_l300f.D0001f A011DK J?l301DX i\01
-J?13rl mA)3 119 SmAO~JOIL100lfrt 'AOJ38 01 n~nog1irlo SILo '9DN OlD S0101flJK 13~)/10U"(lf ADl9 5938 0 '510UAC)lcD0001f
-)1£3 rtOlf 'rt01~gnd:J"(Xl (lOX).nOgg rtOl (~gD"("(rtO) XJTITIJ?Ok 01 1DK 510rl309AD0001£ ()038 rtOl 5~"(3101rlD 1DAJ3 119 J?"("(V
,a, V'VVWO '

~-
!6 l!OZ Ol VdO<I>VNVU3 H)[!VO ~vavou ~HdlHWH'V 06
-mioi\o i\LU Soil:LC pilol-lli\110 Sltomi\:;:L5ll1 opX1010 01 9111\' l)1XOJ£D "'D19 Sok9v o ·5ok9v 1Di\)3 v 01, ·s1oll9N 1Di\J3
·SD)i\OTIOV Stu mx S91m<P 1101 938 /\OlD - 5~ '{O\J03l!l1 N 01 1D13;5310M;_J SjlX11i\Dl£ri11& 'S;_JX11iDO)l /\DO l)X1TIOO)l
53JAOIW113'{ 55JX11DD'{8DODJ£ 31i Sll1 SJD1AAjlDOou mx 311}0 i\09'{ D1 5(lJ3 'D)i\(1)i\10X11L3 /\DO Di\.1\LJ i\Oj!'{lL Dl9L'Y "D(.!31£
,'{'{D '()JA3 1101 llD()li\A ~xulloN 'l)18D\J i\U1 SJilmX 51Dmi\3, -JJ£3 l)X11D1TI0D\JD1Q D013l!l) 3D i\D)kO'{Di\D ,wx 1DX Dli\DTI
1D1)30i\ i\3({ I}Od:m - DlDTI'{;JAicDODJ! l)X11mi\3 SllD)J£3 1Di\)3 -~DI\'(01! 1D13J,J)OdlX3 1){ "DJAO'{Di\D DlD1lgJiJll 1Di\)3 Sok9y
110l! ',.1\Dkv_ 1\jl(.!U]i\[,. 1DX ,.i\9111DD 18()11\j,. D1 31i JJ,Dri '3Xll8 o mx 'Sok9y 1Di\J3 DDOC)l'{A ~X1i\lt'{'{3 H :i\mi\)1 513TIJ)i\I\Q
-C)l031d:m 9111D ,11- 1DX 1D13XO;J 110l! IWJ38 1101D1D9l!I1D10J, i ~ ')1 i\1\0i\l)X m 513ril)MV :513riJ;>,\11\/ mx 531ll1910JL i\itoX:)
1101 D0~1XDODX 9X11mi\3 i\01 '131\()J'{ll({ 3 OJ,
I
mmiriJ;>OA D1 '5rnri9 13A )Drillo 1J" ·513TIJ;>M({ 10 mx J;>'{'{D
·59\X.. o 1x mii}3"'Il wS,Joo mx (w1kv;) i\okv; 01 'o~wu o
'9TID1i\D11D10X i\01& ·i\(1)'{'{91LV 0 1X 5D13/cO;Ji\3 - 5D01~]!\[ ~ 1,!i1'· 'i\f911\D 531ll1910J£ 10 mx 1Di\)3 i\mlJ;>ririDOA MOl p013D lt1
9l!D 591X3 1\01~\JDdl'{V 1\01 ~({D'{ll(.! pX11D10ll1XDODX · ,.i\0({
Sm3'{1,te o'to\Jril}o '"938 Lt't't"9 mouJ;>x ~ Dil1Lt1i-~v u
'i -)3MD 5nri"&wtq mx 13X:) i\01DDX? Sn Smlt1910JL mx X}'{'{D
'5113Z o DQJ;>'tH i\ll1& ·soo(5, o 1x oc;JOV ll ~ 51DLll 'S1o1oo, I!il' 'i\00311}3(.! i,t 1D1D;_J i\01()l01£ 1l A3010cynq '1Dli\1}01D\J3\J ADJOQ
o 01l!11A)\' i\ll1& "D\JJ& o 1X 1}01\Dlll o 'DriXJ;>Ol!]i\[ o 1D.\)3 I·,. -300JL All ,enx "'o"'9ri 13~"91 lt1 no '5Doc;mrt1mq Sno1I}01
53)({'\l 511& "ll19Q01m<P mx I}O"!Ol!Omz mx 1}010J£OrillV S1101i9"' 51101 "'Jrilt 5oH;Jou · · · .. 1\01~\Jndl•(V no1 Slu;JOI\3dJ3
1101 '1}01Ui\i\3ADi\\' 1DX D;JdJ001DD1D)l 1101 OJ3X1010
9X1riDMQ 'i\3oov; 01 mx 'l}okmkDoD:u-oil1ll]i\[ mx SOli\
Ilif!l! mx Smol,t 59x1oltrio '110J'tll11DN no1 S91n - Sltql,triD"(DII
0 '9AD1Xnoy i\01 X)lD)l ·,.i\13dll)OA ltri 13(.! D i\13XD()li\A1A 1\01
-oJ,JOO 1101 '1}01llOll1i\11& 1\01 0)3X101D 1\'{~0 01 '5011\011! II!' O;Jl!n mx X}'{'{D 'AOi\9ri "'ncllr;ilk ll01 Ojll!rt Xno mmirir;oA. m
,ij':
-I}'{DX1l!3 1x I}OkOI\011illV l\01 opX1010 i\0),)001\V 'i\300V: 301}3 Sltq~rill'{llU,. :119 130;!dlDi\ll SoW0109'{1<P 0 "Am3D~A
01 9l!D 1D1)3'{310l!D 110]£ 51)101, ~XJ.38 i\DD '53)3XOU08 -0'{0101\i\3 Mlli\jlTill10lLOX1({0lX Sno1L<W S~X1013rlm3k
511 i\9Q3XD 53'{9 30 3XO~ll(\00U ·SDpxolloe S~X1i\D11D10X S~X11i\lll!rin:s: '51,tx1riOO)l 5mn olcrn,\r;r1xm 01 1Di\)3 ·SDJi\
Sll1 D1U19X11013'{XOJLD 311}0 'l)11<1l0l! 311}0 1Di\ )3 i\3(.! -rni\1ox.m3 DDD()l'{ k xmi X}'{l!ll 1llAJ3 i\3(.! noocyJ'{ A L< x1,\lt '{'{3
110)38 I\01DlD91£1\DlOJ, 1\01 D10M? H "i\01(.!) Ltri 01 'i\01\;J::: H "0)3X101D i\(1)11\X)Il i\(\)l 9X11<lli\3 /\DO 00311}3(.! 01
01 'Di\3TI9S,10(DXD1q D)3X101D D1({) D1 1Di\)3 ::: 01 D130)1i\\' II 'rtO'{Q. 5011\YJJ!TII}S: Cl01 0011\:))J /\DO 01<.00J£ OJ, "AOJ38 Ol
·uoll9N nJ38 ll1 Soou llolloc;J = N3 01 oo:LC 51ot;J = S1om"'3, i" Mto),)'{O\JYilllJ 01}(.! D1 lll)l "3 Di\:) YJJ£10'(91£1\ Dl 1DX (D1~8)
1DX 1\0 ~3 "Di\31ii}Oi\3 '110)38 I\OlDlD91£C1DlOJ, 1101 (S;ni 8 llA:) OA:)ri,\.nonX ADXJ3 J;>1nll 9l!ll J;>D11i DJ, "i\(1))0ll1Dn]i\[
-1iDOk SJ'{U'{'(l)ODJ£ 51301 10) D)3X101D DJ01 D1 1Di\):l 3 OJ~ i' M!JJ013~)Yl)J Am1 5:)13'{31 10 i\Dli\I}010llori10ltoX
"1\DU-MS: 01 'i\0)38 Ol (D1~8) 8 01 1Di\)3 'JJ,Dri D130JD I nou Ylll)1l! X)X1TID03X )3(-)30\J MOX;_J llXJ;>080YiD& ll1& ·5~1r\ll
Slto:Je 5lt1 1X9 !< oJnilxD 01 mk Lt~i,t'{Dwx n"' ~1ltM303
I
-1QD 'DJI-ilnonillV llmx 59A01101rillV o 'nm 0011\;_l){ 01 31i
i\O'{Q. OJ, "i\l)Il D1\jl 'mll19'{0 mri 1Di\)3 0 OJ, "513Dl)1DD1V II 3(-)X)X r101 llDJOX AUlD 1D113X91£YJi\3 '\LiJrrXm llli\)3 rLOAO:) ll01
l)1XOJ!D '1D1)3101£01ill1DD1V-V- 1D13i\)A '(-) ttOl)\J SltnltJouox1qmxo:LCn Sltl ~x1A.o'{ H ·Snocllr;xoorioo)J nm

£6 llOZ O.L VdO<!>VNVIEI H)I!YO .. 3, VVVWO :l:VS:VOIJ :l:Hd.LHWH'l

Z6
SI}OQ130X1"(3., DJ300:U 9:UD 38D3XO:)OO:U DA 13A9X 5DD S91nD 3D 5(l)TI9 XOD'{)[ Orl080V: 0 '31)3:U nori D8 513DC)ll:UTI(l~
119 ADA3"(:) 5DD AV ~3ll)A:)"( D8 1~ ~13DDJ"(3§3 SDD no:u 591rlD ~9111D D'(9 ArlOA)DriltD DA ADDI}OOOJ!TI D8 1~
1DA)3 1DX DJDmADib lJ_X1AOrilt101li3 1DAJ3 A3(/ 119 '13X09:Url 'V 9:UD 3~1X09 D8 AOl'{'(J? A(l)1 9ri0A9
11 5oot'{t;~Aorl 11 o 119 So1o:u9x JA3"(? SDD DOJrilJ_D AV 01 .. NOVIm3 .. DK1(/<;JK no1 '51}0lrlD mk 9 xumi(l)1DK1V
·SDD 91:Dib '.,119:UO'{DKD., Ol<;JO:U 01 9:UD AD~1X09 10:U10'{9:Url
-:)KA3 AOlD 53JkOrl0113'( 53031)D1(/1 J3AOnonlltq lJ_ DJDmADib 10 10'{0, '.,119:UO'{DXD., OlliTI:):U OlD lt§t'(;l-~3 '313'(:)8 AV
ADD 38D3X:)<;> la DA 13A9X SDD 'XOD"()[ no1 D)DD1ADdJ "5DX1(/<;JX 0 1DAJ3 NOVIdt:tl 'lt:UC)l011:tJ: A9li10'( D(/9'{'{3
lJ_X1AOrilt101:u3 lt lJ_1rlD OD9:U 'DOC)ll D~10<;JAA DA D'(381J- D8 I
·591-DOD~ 5lt0:)1rl3V 5lJ-1ltAn303
·5LtDlt1lJ-~DAD mx 5DM30:) O)QJ:U O:)A SnO:)A SnoAJri9DD1"( I. 5DAlt '('{:) 5DA:)ri o 3ritDOk;J D</9'{'{3 Alt1 I}OriD111'(0:U rlOl 5lt§
I,
-3§3 Snow 5mA<;JkOrl011iltq mAO~JOO A01D mA9:U Am9~1:u 111 -oDA? OJ3riltD Jri 'Lt§1't?§3 5oo:u !J-:uoo Lt1 '5Lt§n1:U9AD mA9ClX
1
-OW131i 3191 591ill) 1DX '539A 10AJ1iAD'("(l)131i 10 AD~10<;JAA m<;JO:U D1 9:UD '3TII}O:U DA 3rii}OOO:U1i AD '3XJ3 591rlD 50:U91
I. 0 '59TID111'{0:U D03rilJ_D 10X;Jri 0 D0319'{0Xl13 AIJ-111D 3D
-DAD A01 3191 ·lJ_riA11D lt"(lt"('{9WX Alt1 ltDlt9AD1(/ ltA3ri9X10 illlj,
-ODAD 310109X3 Alt1 9:UD lJ_llilt'{UAD Al)l9A1A rl01D)Drl00D:U 3Xlt8XI}1:UDAD no:u9 5oo13:u!J- Lt ltAJ3K3 mAJJ HULldA3 H
H 'mA9:U 3XOIJ-1In 591rlV ·lJ_rikuD ltA:)1i10K3KArlD mo:u9x 'HULldA3 mx H)[
3D 5081'{9AOW 0 Al)l9~1ADibliJ A3(/ 9K11DD1Drl0 'lt§D'{'{913ri
lJ_X11lt0Al)1(/ l)1A lt01ri89£lDAD lJ_X11ltOAl)1(/ lt D)D)<AXJAD
I~ -U)[dV~NV- H21U2!dV- VIVVdEA.V- H2!Id3WV
- H)[Id<I>V - VEV m 1DAJ3 A(l)0)3:Ult A<)JA103riltD A(l)l
Al)llJ_ rlO:U lJ_riA 11D lt1 D1A9:U Al)l9~l)1Dl100D:U 5081'{9AOri l mmi9A0 l)l 119 (!l0AA3 1D)[ 'D)grlO'(O)[ lJ_(/D'{lt(/ ')[ DX1(/<;JX
!''
0 ·;,_oeiVONOW no1 D)Ditoon:u Lt ADllJ_ 'Somri~uDmq 3ri 5Lt1 9rioA9 01 13~JXCln DA A91DAnq Am!J- A3</ Soon:u!J- D;JA
rlOl !J-Xom Altl 10X9ri A(l)XIJ-81li A(l)1 lJ_Xom Alt1 9:UD '3A1(/:) Lt A9:U10'( 1013, ·v 'Dib'{9 11 DX1\?I!JX 11 A01 3ri 13~JXOD no:u
no:u minAIJ-1i 53((C)l1Dno o~ ':IO~VWHJ.:IVIV AO~ DriOA9 0101}1 ArlO X? lt:UC)l01t3 Altl 9:UD 591)(3 DOJDibD ltA 11J-J
VI:ti:I:IA vo H lOOZ xoD'()[ no1 oW? o1 31J38Ltrine Ltw UlA9:U 10013:u!J- 10 53'{0, ·rwri lJ_x1q Lt1 313~)0(l)Ak AJ(/ nw
~13A)Dgri31I3 5<;J:U 1D)[ ~D1DTIA90:U D1D 513DAI}8rl31DX ·Ltri1019 313X;J Altl ltDlt1A9:UD Altl 119 llJ~)O(l)Aj ~1XI}O:U03H
5u 13AJ<I 53A<;Jm mx <;J(/3 no:u A9:U10'{ o,\)3X3 1DAJ3 1~ •I
::1 ox1Cl:)riv no1 mioA9 01 3Cl!J-:u J1D1k ogri9'(0)[ oooib91010X
'OlC!J809AD1I3AD 1DAJ3 r AOl 9:UD 3Xlt8ibi}'{DXDAD <;JA3 ~D)griO'{O)[ 1X9 1DX lJ_X103TI\j
D8 5089'{ 0~ 'OA:)li10)(3)(A(lD 01 91rlD 9:UD 5(l)TI9 591)(3 1: 3Xltl09TIOAO lJ_X103TI\j lt )1D1k '5)3ADK 3Xlt8IJ-l(l)OD,\\j
"no:ulJ_x., no1 Dli}OOib Dl D'(9 9:UD 31 )381l3A DA 31 )300:UW .AnODlJ_OA D8 10'('{9 1DX 110:U mi9XD 5:)13XOD 3D 5(l)D)
'lJ_(/D'(ltV 'HilLldA.3 Alt1 'DJV A01 )381lO'(OKD rlO:U A91rlD 1K 'SoXom(_LO'{U o n01 9k0'(91<;> 01D 130;JdlDAD no:u D(/3:U):U3
9:UD 591X3 531lJ_AD'{:U 5nm Sn0'{9 3D 319:u DA 31)3Clo:uw -513r!t9:UD 53'('{9 511 53'{9 3D 11))( DAOOX9litxl1 131}X01 '01A
'lJ_qD'{ltV 'HULldA.3 NH~ OUV ~0~)[3 ~V~ 1021IV -DrilJ_Drl'{O:U 'rl0A9V 0)3X101D ADD 5DlA9 )1D1A AOA91i 1X9
IVNI3 ~3~HNVVU 10 IOVO :3AmllJ_D3:U3 no1 okCl;J ,'('(V '101309AD8rlU 10 '3 010 ADDOl(/:) no:u '.,Sori9]., D)D

>6 J!OZ OJ. VdO<PVNVU3 H)!IVO ,a, \i\1\iWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:HdJ.HWH\1 t6

 "9X1lnrillwJil3 m 9:trD yx1ihri (l)'(''{"(JI)oo:u 5D3: 009 5083Ajlri 3XJ3 D10'{:tr9rilllomq 3191 D1 i\JJ03cbJl3li no:u
"NOVIm3 3:3NHVV3 SaOl.o 1111\l}:tr 5~HJ1AO'{O:trrl S9X1A001X3'{ll o 'lli\~'{33: Aluo NL>VVOUV
1\i;tOJ..ltqo ao:u 1\I!JXU.Dtill:uooa 'D\11,\.nnnx 3ti '13~JXO'D i\(1)1"(llilinoA.ooJ.C i\(1)1 59'(0100:UD 5?xnill1DD1(/ Sno
DOI!J:L 51y1Jti l}YYV ·S~;totiou.Dtilly~oo:u Sao:~. S~;to:LaD <;JA3 ·SJJo 19'{oil 01 JJ03ri~o 131?8Xl1':1 ll1i~ti\1i 1to9 ·yl!q )I sz 1
ali 1UI!J13'f3l. 1\31/ 'Dti;tO 9:1.a'D Sroti9 9on~oo 0.1 m 30(}01\031!3~ A3Q 5n01 Sll1i~A 1i Slu mll19X1lltotllX It <;JA3
·ocbDOA)li\Xl DXDri)"'(X 9:Url 91011£ 30 rl01 9"'{(1)<:,>)3 9X1cb 'i\(1)01Jli A<;JX1i\(1)/,JJ0131 OOZ i\(1)1 5rrn~yl 5Lu Sit om XJ OO<;JX
-DOAO"'{O 9XXl1cbllrfi 01 1DX )3i\1XD13ri lll~i\Xl"'{ll i\010 (l)i\"()1£3 i\Di\JJ£)li"9'{JJ1JJX lYJX SJOlS!SUBJj lt(/l)1XAO 'opX1010 9X11iO<:,>
J38llA1XD13ri 3101£~<:,>110 "OcbDOA)li\Xl 9XXl1cbllrfi 9X1d:JDOA ADO i\DXJ3 01i\(}010:UOri10itOX <101£ 5]101AO'{Olm JOX1,\00ll<
-o"'{o 30 'A(l)Oljlri A(l)JOoxmq mx 5ocbD<:,>;!:trrl 010 5n.oeyg 5(1);! -3'{11 10 ~L6T So19 0.1 "JOlS!SUBJl no,\JliQkay r101 Sn),\Xa"'{
'5l!J 5ll1 m3Aycbun All1 lloll yx9yo 3rir1oX9 ni\ no3ri~o no<;J i li
rl0Q91ih 5ll1 llJAO'{Oi\X31 It 1Xl13l)i\1ldlli3 Di\ 3D1Xoy yA 10
'oo 9 1 3xlleXJ'{3~3 5oy91 ~vav~ r101 moM? H ·5~X01o3:u ! 1:
-yA.1o 3191 rlO:tr ~~6! S019 01mx 5rn5J AXl19~miilnciJJ ~unn
5l!A3ri9XA3'{3 Sll1 ~3SV"1 llonwyon:trDi\Xl ~x1dmoA.oyo ]1' nJA.oyoAX31 H ·5oori nx1qr;m i\01 5rloi\91 311 5m,\omi3:ux3
I.
A(.tOA.or1o1rillq ~vav~ rlO'f1X1<:,> 53Joocboolly:u 10 5<;Jenx D1rJ~101013X DlllAJ1W013X m 311 i\DOrl01i\9i\1k nOri)'{O:U
'·:uyx 9X1'{rl '59ri01'{:U0~3 'So:tr.}1 5(1)1£9 53JOOcboolt'{1! i li n01 nnxil919 ln '0A91I 1X9 mx 'ywx 5nD9(,lll13li SjlXUi\31£
91£Xl 508~'{1£ DJXl10XlXXl MOX;! "(l'{'{Xl Xl1i<;JO Oi\5!~ 01 MO':J ill -oxomnx 10 ·nml)yo:u rlOJriooxAnu .~J nm 53xAyAD 3191
-J:trOli\3 oA9ri 1X9 ~vav~ 9A1o3rillo m r1o:u9 '5llono9 5~x 511 mk ~v61 SOl} 01 3Xll8~l101£013'{31 OJO:UO 01 ~vav~
-mcbllr!t .. nuyri, yx1Aoo1x3yll 30 J38X1'{3~3 MoX9 ·~vav~ li ilOl<;JO:U no1 ~rl3Xllll1XJX ,\LU lllk 5ll?(,l1 5111 ~k01iilXJdl3
3191 DJ, "Xl1i\90X QZ rlO:UJ03U "53J13DX3Q 0'}<:,> rlO:UJ031£ ll30itAJX3~ 6£6 [ 501J OJ, jXllillyiJJ031£ Oi\1'{<}~ 50J8~i\ll0 3191
I

138'{5JOD:tr i\rlOX;J 866 I 01 5(1)9 ~L6 I 01 9:UV ·5ll~1'{;!~3 53x ADXJ3 53)01£0 10 '(531XJ3(,l JOX1i\l1lcb01(,lXJO 10 ·X·:u) '0£61 rlOl
-miJyx 5;!X113oocbmq 30 Mox~i\lJ nA ArlO':J910J!I[ ·5llriey10 DJ13DX3(,l ll1 5J<l3XOD1DX SjlX1i\OrJ1X3'{lt 531t;JO:U 10 1YJi\J3 Di\
31 9 1 5ll1 'l!omx9oo:u 1Di\J3 Allri ni\ ll~1'<9~3 Allw llrieyw ~A i\Dllll,\)XJ~ 1013,"i\(l))i\001X3'{ll 5~:urio:trX3 5~X1i\O).Ori038 5ll1
-103rillo ll '1Xl13AJD<l> ""(JX11300cbXl1<:,> (}'{01£ 1JJi\)3 5DJAO'{Oi\X31 0,\3li9A mcb 010 i\llli\O~JOD£) 1\01£ 'i\Dlli\Oli\9A3'{ 5(1)1!9 (lOi\31{
mx 5ll1i~wm3 5ll1 n 9ri01 Aow mDriA.yo:u m 866 I 5o1J At;J1AXa'{ i\(1)1 ~A.oriond:n i\ll1 311 ADOll/\ JX3~ '5nJAO'{Oi\X31
01 JJ031i~1 "JJ0319AOD oA.n mx ~L6 I 50ljl 01 3Xo~:trrl D03cb mx 5lni~1011!3 S~x1Aoi11X3'{lt Slu mmi~t~J mt;lilJI D.L
-jli\D rlO:tr 5ll~1'{jl~3 5~X1AO'{OAX31 5rl08JA3ri ll~91 ll ~1rlV "(1)19XDOD1! 3ri:_toq
"l!riJJA(}Q ~X11l!8(1) Dl D() "&J141D D'{n :'}O'{'{D 1DX DJ\7 /\OlD 'IHJ\(: i\010 'l!,\~'(33:
-001£ Xl1A (\Ori10(}JJX '}OOA(l 5rlOi\91 Xl10'}riri01JJX3 "()"'{"'{01£ i\JJX AllW 1D13XDJOIJ Di\ umikyoJl 5(1)DJ un :OAJri10X3XknD 0101!
v
-)31031£ 10)01£0 10 SV"1.L rlOl£'}1 5rlO'{(}lJO(l1! Xl10'}riri01JJX3 lll)X "9"'{'{ll D10M) llA)lll!illlcbn OD91 1Xl<\)3 i\3(/ .. SOtJ1'{9AOJI ..
mx 5rl01109031 5rlOl 3ri i\JJOf\Oli\91\1A A(l)JO'{:trOrilllOJJ1Q 0 119 AYJ/,3'{) 5nD i\Xl :31DA)'{ no 11, :5nlJ VNG (lOAJliO
3191 i\(1)1 5130'}3~01X3 10 1Xl)l "5JJO rlOJ3cbDOA rl01 rl01ri~ 01 -1mri1lnokooJI rlOl xJ ·yllv "3:Q)IJV3 33 ·yit(,l .. 5rn30~i\1X

L6 IIOZ 0-L VdO<Il\fN\flE! H)IJVO ..a, VY'VWO ZVHVOIJ 3:HdJ.HWJW 96

11.1J.C91nx nJorw 1nx 5oeptJ 3o 5lwil9A1J.C3 5~'(lutw. mAJ3 -omXon 01 3TI 11919 'DDD<;J'{k ~X1i\U'{'{t[ lt J38U101COTI10ltOX
noo<;J'(A ~x1All'('(3 H ·513~~'( 5~Xllo '5?Xalldl 3ri ~~.nrf\no/. Di\ 01 91CD "&JX11300dlD1Q 131\)A Di\ J3001CTI i\3Q 119 131\)Drillo
-~wx 11.Ll1 A11C91DX mx 53JTIOA0013X mx S'}Oli01'(rtOA 31i px 'ltii.'}DOriltOi\ ~1lti\X31 i\UlD LlOD\:10901£ 513X;! DDO<;J'{A ~X
-1XOD '10'(D\:IJADX 10101C"&JX i\DOU'(JTIOWJOJ.C rtOlC DOD<;!'( A mri -1i\U'{'{3 All1 3TI 119 01 '~XO(/OlCD ~i\10X lt A91C10'{ 5(l]1f~Jt\l
1Di\)3 i\3(/ DOO<;J'(A ~X1i\U'('(3 H '(l01 "&J1DTI~801Di\rt0 1)1 'rtOl ·5nooc;J'{/, Smolipx rtok9'{
~ODOdlX;! i\U1 'rt01D)i\(l]i\10X11C3 i\U1 'rt01 ~X1AO'(D1(/ lt1 'rt01 '}OX10odloilJ.C ~ '}OllEDOk DJ3X1010 '5313'{;!1D 53101C"&JX 3TI
5nrli]XD 53Xrtri9QA3 511 13~pildlx3 <}OD'( 38"9X DOO<;J'(A H 5(1]0) 'Dlii.OXO"&Jlill Ll<;>~ 91ED J38rt3TI03Q Di\ mx J3101DD\:I Di\
'Q.OX1A0'(010M3 J381001031C l)i\ i\91Di\rtQ 1Dii.J3 i\3'\7 •5lti\'}OOrillOi\ 5~1ltii.X31
mx c;oxultXlt ''}OX11J.CO '5rt0'('("9X rt0'('(11ipc)nJ.CD mx 5DJ~D 5lt1 5~11lD DJ3X101D .. "9X1TIOQ., Dl Dl30JD8i1D 13D"&Jrl3XOD1DX
5rtO(/<;J131iltAri i\(1]3~~'( 5rtOJ.C'}l mx 513~~'( Jli 'AC)lOO(l]'(A A<;JX Di\ 'J.C'{X DTI(l])DX1(/ 'D130j!Xrt3 'mll191DM(/ lt1 lt'{9 13X;!
-)_l:l1C(l]Ort3 i\(1]1 11.(1]'(9 DOD<;J'{A 59dl001-D0]1ltri lt 1Di\Jt[ 3191 '5ltrf\j!XO D1Crl1901C "&J1lti\X31 13~"&JCl3XOJll))X 591rtD AD10,
"0031<}'{DX 9'{DX 011DX '!lOA rt0i\11C<;J08AD A9).001C 1Dii.J3 '5cnri9 Ui\'}OOTiltOi\ ~1Ll11.X31
oil119dloorio odloori9 01 '53rOM;!-513~;!'{ 5;!'{'{0J.C 3ri px11o H 'J.C'{X 'lC'{X Ui\'}OOTIUOi\ ~1lti\X31 i\UlO ltOD\:ID901C 513X;!
-DOdl1031C mx "&JX11X3'{010itX 13dlpilA.1cl31C Di\ np/.mi 11.lt1lt'{9 i\~lrtD 3TI Oi\91i 110, ·.,~X11DTilttJmi., DOD()l'{A 1Dii.J3 DDOt;J'{k
'Slt1 91k9'{1~3'{ 01Xl191Drt0'{:t: 01 3ri 'nX;nD)f '01i09X i\01 ~X1i\U'{'{t[ lt 119 10'{9 1D1i\OX;!(/D0DJ.C D03ri~z: '0031'}3V
i\0'{9 .0 5lt1 Dl<;Jdlmmx ltO<;JAic lt1 px1wrikD01C JOUJQ~ mx iii::IOIVVV
5mll19J.C(l]08AD 5lt1 OQ09cJJ.C AlllD '} '{Ol£ Oll91 3DDO(/)J.C3 rtOli NV .LO NLI N3V :Io IIHW :531\lt '{'{;!0311. 5rtolo
DOO<;J'{k lt'{'{"9 13Xopmt i\3'\7 '5DJ~D 5~x1ri01l1'{01£ 5lt'('{1ri ~1i11 mo191 A9J.C10'{ J1D1J 'VINOGA.::> mx SDdWA."10
-pomm mmi<po pxrdlooo'{rdl 3oltkClc;o1rilt<;> mx 91io111'{0U 'SV"l"l8H 5(l]J.C9 'D1Dri911.0 "&JX1Alt'{'{8 5Dri ~~lt'{J.C"91DX
11.01 30Ui\A;Jk llOJ.C ~lrtD 1DAJ8 'i\Clli\~t'{'{301DXCly i\(1]1 5001£ D1Ddl09()J.C i\DOU1Xj!l£D 'ltO"I;I: rt01 D13A"&Jdl11C3 i\UlD
OJ\:1 9X1l1'{0U 11.01 '531\X;!l. 511 'ltri~1D11Ct[ i\U1 '~x1001Ltd I,il' 5;JX01031C 53101£"9X 119 1DAJ3 Di\ 1D13i\)Ddl '5ltrf\;!XD 5lt1 5~1rtD
lt1 'DJdl000'{1¢ lt1 3~10~10 DJOlCO lt DDO<;J'{k lt 1Dii.J3 II OJ3X1010 9X11X13(/01ED ADO 1D)f '531\U'{'{t[)O uA'}OXtqX3tq u
'5mi i\(l]A9k001C i\(1]1 DOOf!l'{k lt 'DOO<;J'{j ~X1i\U'{'{3 H lt1 rtOJ.C "&J1TIOA00Ll '(X 13XOp1Crt 'mmic;JO D1Ap0rto "0'{'{"9
!1,
:oE3 13)13 IIIXdVIIA U 3.LO.L :mDrikpoJ.C il' 30 mx Ltov.: i\010 Ui\~ '{3:S: i\UlO 119 Oi\31i9X3Qi\3 01 3TI 1Dl
D1 101) ArtOX~ A91C10'{ i\\f :i\O'{"(]li 901C1iD'{ 1DX DJOOdl ,,il -311.'}'{ "Oil. 5(l]OJ ,.010~10n.ri,. 01, '3:13:1 mx Vld30cf>3V3
-OOU'{J.C 'ltD<;JAk 130~'{11\D W) D)Ol£0 i\U1 91CD Ui\'}OOTIUOi\ ~1 I
513~;J'{ 511 D'{OX'}3 5)31\"0X 13~"9\:JDl(/ D'{O\:ITI'}O D1
::
-lti\X31 ~X11Ui\D'{J.C(l]~3 'lti\11C<;J08AD(1J~3 i\U1 3TI ltDD'{~lCOOOJ.C !
"91rtD 3:S: ·5~dlDOA S~x1,\U'{'{3 5DJDXOn 5lt1 ~dlDOA 591-Clnoro
mx DlU191D\:IrirtD 3D 138'{) Di\ 31D<;J 'ltA'}DOrilloA ~1lt11.X31 -3i\3A Am~ DA S(l]DLi i i\f)flNHVV8 3ri AD~mori;! rtoJ.C i\(1]1
Ui\ 11E~ll08i\Xl lt 130~kOcl0113'{ Di\ m/, 01lt1 JDODJ.CD 1Di\ )3 'DD -"9ririDilA 5130"&J1DDODJ.C 3TI D'{'{Dlj!li i\DXlt(1?Cl\:l "l"l8M.S0~
-D<;J'{k ~X1i\U'{'{3 i\UlO 1D13Xj!1031J:li3 rtOll Dll'}3i\li IJX1ii.U"{"{3 010 'O'tf'D D11iri)01MO D101£"9X 3:S: 'Ol.!!JOII
66 I JOZ Oct VdO<l>VNVIEI lDIIVO ,.3, VVVWO :IVHVOIJ :IHdcLHWHV 86
100 ilHMHTPH2: f!Oi\BAI OMAL\A "E" Oi\!KH EIIANM>OPA TO 20 II 101
,I
I
iJ-O.XQOXQOVta.~ OLEQYO.O[a~. ECvm IJ-LO. yA<ilooa oacp~~. nou EAAY)VLxij yA.<ilooa xm nc; LOLOTY)tEc; tY)~. AuT€c; OL t6c6tY)-
T] xaee AEST] TY)~ EXEL ouyxEXQL~lEvY) EVVOLO., IJ-E ;rg6(lE[W, tEc; TY)c; EAAY)VLXij~ YAUJ00\1~ wHY)OO.V 10 Ilavmtot~[ALO
QLsa xm XUTUAY)i;Y). H J1(lWTa(lXLX~ AEsYJ J10.QUYEL J1A~Bo~ IPBAIN tY)~ KaA.tcp6QvLnc; vn avaA.6.0a tY)V nno8Y)OO.iJQL-
aHwv AESEWV [AE J10.QUAAY)AT] ~ OWOOXLX~ oiJvilEOY) xm OY) tou nA.oiJtou tY)~. Emxecpo.A.e[~ tou EQYOU tono8nij8Y)-
OOIJ-ELmL mavw oE auOTYJQOiJ~ YQfl[tiJ-anxou~ xav6ve~. H xav TJ fA.moooA.6yoc; - EAAY)VLOT(JLO. xm xo.BY)yl)t(lta
CO[!~, Y) oacp~veta xm Y) O[Aal\ono[Y)OY) Twv A.€t;£wv E[t<puv[- Marianne Me Donald xm OL xaBY)yY)tEc; tY)c;
sEL OAO TOV J1AOiJto, TY)V J1AO.OtLXOTY)TO. xm TOV 0\IVU[lLOIJ-0 HAEXTQOVLXii~ MngoliVEQ xm U<ixagvT. ~TO itQOY(lfl[t-
tY)~ EAAY)VLx~; yA6Jooa~. OL LCLOTY)tE~ am£~, TY)V xnHt- !lO. tou H/Y "I[3uxo~" [LEXQL ony[Aiic;, £xouv xmnyQa1IJEL TO
otoiJv u1jJY)AOiJ emn€6ou, VOYJfAO.TlX~ xm yA<ilooa tou 8Y)OO.U(JO tY)c; EAAllVLXij~ yA.wooac; [lE 6.000.000 AEsEL~ xm
XOO[AOU fAE 5.000.000 A.Et;EL~ xm 70.000.000 A.ei;cxoiJ~ 72.000.000 A.E!;Ctunouc; fAEXQL tY) Busavnvij J1EQ[ol\o xm
tiJnou~, Jtou orccA.eC tm xm ygacpnm xm YJ onoCa nag' 6n motEUOliV 6n, 6tav TO E(JYO OAOXAY)(lUl8EL OL O.QL81J-OL 8a
O.[Acpta0YJT~8Y)XE xma xmgoiJ; (¢O.A[AEQUYLEQ x.a.) f1J101E- SEJ1E(JU001JV xaBE O(JLO cpavmo[a~. En[oY)c;, OTOV "I0uxo"
AEL <fJuocx~ et;£1-.csYJ 'Yl~ AgxaCo.; EAA. Y)vcx~~- ta!;tvofAii8YJxav 8.000 ouyy(JUfAfAaTO. AQxaCmv EHijvwv
~w 0c[3A.Co twv gcx6g "Guinnes" €xc'iOOY) 1990, avacp€- ouyy(lacp€mv. MLAUJVmc; yt' am6, o xa8Y)yY)t~~ MnQoiJVEQ
gnm Y) ayyALK~ yA6JOOO. [AE 490.000 AEsEL~ ouv aHou~ ELJ1E:
300.000 TexvcxoiJ~ 6gou~, m~ YJ nA.ouOL6TEQTJ yAc!moa. ":IE 6nowv O.itO(lEL, f1J10.VTOU[AE, 6n J1QOXELTm yta TY)
'OW-'l~, aUT6 nou J1QOXilmEL an6 n~ OUYXQOVE~ emoTY)[AO- yA.wooa tuJv it(lOy6vuJv 110.~ xm Y) macpij [AO.~ [AE autoiJc;
vcx€~ IJ-EAETE~ eCvm TO o.vTC8eto axgc0w~. Eno~J-fvm~, YJ Ba 0ehtuJOEL Tov IIOAITI~MO [AO.c;. AHmatE, YJ EAAYJVL-
ayyA.cx~ yA.wooa eCvm ~t6A.c~ TO 1/100 tY)~ bcx~; 110.~ £AAY)- xij yA.wooa, tCvm 6,n mo tcA.eto EXEL avaxaA.iJ1jJEL YJ
VLX~~ yA.wooa~. ECvm aiSLav6Y)to A.otn6v, YJ EAAYJVLxii avBQwmvY) v6Y)OYJ, yt' aut6 xm TJ yEvta twv JTQOTJYfAEVmv
'(AWOOO., Y) IJ-OVY) OTOV XOO[W Y) OJ10LO. O[ALAELtm OliVEX<iJc; tmoA.oywtwv, m•1~v EXEL 1\taA.fsEL me; yA.<iloonc; tY)c;. ECvm
wvA.axwwv e<iw xm 5.000 XQOVLa llE nA.oi!w VOYJ[tanuv aA.~8Eta 6n, OL H/Y 8emQoiJv TYJV EAAYJVLxij "llYJ O(Jtaxii
xm u•VYJAE~ at;Cec; va ucpComrm €vav ouvexii n6AEIJ-O xm yA.wooa", CY)Aac')~ 6n 116vo oe o.ut~v 6ev unaQxouv 6Qta
nag ayxwvwiJ-6. xm yt' auto e( vm avuyxa[n one; vtec; £mOT~ !lEt; 6nmc; Y)
Emuxw~, on; iJ-EQec; rcac;, emxecgECmL YJ xawyQacp~ IlAYJQOCPOQLX~, Y) HA.ext(JOVLX~, Y) Ku[.3EQVYJTLXij".
xm wt;w61J-TJOYJ TYJ~ eHY)vcx~c; yA.wooo.~ ~J-cow ngoyga~J-rcC!­ E<iw ea. J1QEJ1El vo. HU[AY)80iJIJ-E 10. oocpa A.6yta TOU
Twv Y)AEXTQOVLxwv unoA.oyLOfAWV. Ta mo tEAEta J1QO- IonavoiJ Federiko Sagredo (1921-1999) nou 6taxl)Qm-
YQUIJ-IJ-O.m H/Y "IB1rtto~", 'Tvwocc;" xm "NeiJTwv" ano8Y)- TE 6n "YJ [LEAETTJ xm Y) XQiiOYJ o.mijc; tY)c; c'ite8voiJ; yA.wooac;
xeiJouv AESEL~ xm AE),;LxoiJc; tunou;, nou IJ-ETCt an6 xC!nma xa8wta wv av8Qwno cxav6 vn ayyCt;a m avwtam nveu-
6ta6cxao[a (o.vaAUOY) OECO[AEV<Uv) va at;conoLijoouv tY)v llanxa mCne6a. Ot iJ-OQcpmiJ-EVOL 6.v8Qmnm tY)£ oiJyxQo-
102 ~HMHTPHI riOi\BAI OMA~A "E" Oi\IKH EITANA<t>OPA TO 2011 103

v11c; Evw~tEV11c; Euglim11c;, ocpE(f.ouv va ~tEAEtouv, va yga- 8ewgfac;. ME Tll xg~on wu n:goygavvaToc; rou H/Y
cpouv xm va O[ttf.o{Jv t11V ngxnfa EAJ.11vtx~ fl.wooa xal.u- "IBuxoc;", 11 x6.8E En nvtx~ /.£~11 EXEL 111 <'iuvat6Tl1Ta va
tEQa an:6 111V E8VLX~ touc; y/.WOOa, ytntf EL VaL ava[tcpL00~­ n:mxHef xm vouotxa. 0 n:ot llT~c; K/.avlilo<; <l>wgttA
T11ta 011[taVTLXOTEQO yw xan;OLOV av8gwn:o va ELVUL JtOAL- (1772 -1844) ygacpEL 6n: "H Ennvtx~ yl.wooa ouyxE-
tLO[<EVO<; xm xaf.ALEQY11ftEVoc;, rraga va r(vm arr/.6 [<EI.oc; vtgwvEL rnv ovotoy£vELa rnc; yrgvavtx~c;, Tll oacp~v£La T11<;
xarrotnc; E8VOT1']t(((;. H agxafa EAA11VLX~ ana xm 11 o{Jy- yantx~c;, Tll l.uyEga<'ia tnc; ton:avtx~c; xm Tll vouotx6tnta
XQOV11 yl.wooa xag11 on; 6ov£c;, r11v vogcpol.oyfn xm to T11c; LTahx~c;".
rr/.oumo /.E1;tf.6yt6 111<;, ELVUL 11 ~lOV11 rrou VITOQEL vn OUVEL- Ot YAWOOOTEXVE<; ;rg6yovo( vac;, n:age<'iwoav OE qtac;
ocpEQEL ta vtywta 0111 <''>wvo11nx~ E~EAL~11 wu avOgwrr(- evav TEQaono yl.womx6 Onoaug6 xm efvm tegoou/.(a va
vou cyxecpal.ou". OUQQLXVWVOWLE TO yf.womx6 vac; JtAOUtO. E~acpnvfsOVTaL
Ttc; EAA11VOXEVTQLXE<; LM.Ec; J(Oll 6LECWOE, xaAALEQY110E EAAllVLXOTatEc; AE~EL<; xm avnxaO(otavtm an:6 anec;, OXL
xm UJ1EQaOJ1LOT11XE VE JtLOT11 xm rraHoc; v£oa arr6 ag8ga, v6vo n:ol.u xan)nEQ11c; ygacptx~c;, QllX~c; evvotwv xm VDlJ-
VEAEtEc;, o~uAfEc; xm EW11Y~OEtc; OE <'itdlv~ ouvebgta ~tE E~E­ otx~c; a~(ac;, aHa xugfwc; ~EVLX~c; 1tQOEAEU011c;.
xouorc; rrgoowmx6t11tec; 111c; Ilayx6ovwc; T£xv11c;, Axouyovtm 6xt ~t6vo an:6 wuc; an:af<'iemouc; vw£AI.nvec;,
Emm~v11c; xm <f>tl.ooocp(ac;. Yn:~Q~E evrrvEuot~c; xm ai.A.a XaL an:6 T01Jc; ga<'itOcpWVLXOU<; XUL TllAEOJtTLXOU<;
'I
rrgwtegyan1c; 111c; t<'i£nc; yta t11V xa8LEQW011 t11c; EA1.11vLx~c; otaOvouc; T11c; xwgac:; vac;. AE~Etc; 6n:wc; toao, vn:g£xcpga-
iI
fAtiJomxc;, we; ~t6v11c; errfo11~t11c; yl.tuooac; rnc; EtJQ(J)rra'Cxflc; i Ot, vayxa'sfvo, n:gec; (!OlJV, n:ouooagw, orgcpagw, xouga-
'Ev(J)onc;. Ot rrgoTaoetc; toll auT£c; £xouv rrgowHnHef VEXQL I (!W, vTaouvta'sw, yxt.avou(! xm XU(!fwc; yxal.on: (n:Egtcpgo-
TO Eugwn:a·cx6 KotvoBo{J/.LO ~Lf{)(J) Ion:avwv vaxnrwv vwvTac; T11V TOOO EUllXll <">11VOOX01t11011) xm vwu'stx (xag(-
ouvegymwv Tou. OUVE oe o/.6xt.ngo wv x6ovo T11 /.£~11 vouotx~ xm maveL-
'HHEAE va TOv an:oxaf.o{Jv "Federiko o'EJ.A.nvac;", EVtll o oayave EVa Ol.tBEQO xm EXTUJtO), CEV EXOUV eton OTll ouy-
fbwc; un:£ygacpE "Agfonov A~tvwv 'EAJ.nv" we; £vbet~ll XQOVll ennvtx~ yl.tilooa. Efvm va l.un:aTm xavefc;, ywr(
n~t~c; xm oeBao~wu OTllV Et.l.nvtx~ fl.tiJooa n:ou TOV ol.o- axugwvovTac; vw J.£~11 Efvat oav va axgwTll(!ta's£Lc; w
xi.~QOJOE nveuvanxa. LOTOQLX6 oou n:agel.86v n:ou £xnc; oav EAAHNAI:!
OL n:g6yovo( vac; OL Agxafot'EJ.t.nvec; XQllOLVOJtOLOU- ~Lxafwc; avagwn6tav o JtOL11T~c; I:f!fJEQlJ<;: "Ma n
oav TO ennvtx6 aJ.cpaB11TO EXt6c; an:6 ygacp~ Tllc; yl.wooac; YU(!EUOUV Ol \jJUXE<; vac; n:avw OE XataOTQW~Lata XataAu-
XaL yta va8nvanxa acpou Ta ygavvata ~TaV XaL agt8VOL, VEVWV xagaBtwv voug~wugf'sovrac; on:aov£vec; ox£\jJEL<;
ana xm we; onvEfa voumx~c;, bnt.ab~ VOTE<;. LE xaVOVLX~ an:6 ~£vEe; yl.wooec;;".
ygacp~, n:l.aytaota avan:o<'ia, l.o~a xm ftE btacpogouc; ouv- KL ovwc; ann Efvm 11 <'iuvavtx~ Tllc; ennvtx~c; yl.wo-
buaovouc; E~£cpga'sav n:egfn:ou 1600 onvEfa Tll<; vouotx~c; oac;. 0 'O!!lJQO<; xm m agxafot tgaytxo( vac;, n:ny~ avE-
 ~
'
105
104 6HMHTPH2: riOi\BA2: OMA6A "E" Oi\IKH EITANA<!>OPA TO 2011

1;6.vtA'Y]t'Y] xm aotELQEUTTJ yv<lJo'n~. r(vm xa8'Y]tJ,EQLV6. :rtaQ6- an6 5.000 0tJ,TJQLXEc; A.£1;uc; 6nwc;: aA.~8aa, agET~, ~ouA~,
vtr~ fJ,EOa ota A.6yta [J,a~: yeAw, b(xmoc;, 8QTJVW, v£6t'Y]~, 6nAo, 6gxoc;, nmgCc;, :rtEAa-
AyatJ,EfJ-VWV: ANHP 2:TEfH2: 2:TYA02: - o avbQa~ yoc;, :rtOAE[J,Oc;.'Evac; :rtOAtl [J,EyaAoc; agt8tJ,6~ O[J,'Y]QLXWV
XOAWVa toU omnou. AEs£WV XQU~Etm [J,EOa 0£ ouv8na ~ l'nacpoga nagaywya
TON IlA8EI MA802: = o na86~ tJ,a86~ :n:.x. t'Y] cpwv~ b£v t'Y]v ovotJ,al;,oUfL£ aub~, A.c[J,£ 6tJ,wc; 6.vau-
ExxA'Y]OL<il;,ouom: MA TQ 8EQ = 6Qxoc; boc;. H Y'YJ OEV A£ynm O~[J,E(la &.Qouxa ~ x8wv nag6A.a
Em6. mC E>~~ac;: TPIX02: OP8IA2: IlAOKAM02: autO. cxolJfJ-E agougaCouc; xm unox86vwuc;. To veutJ,a ~to
I2:TATAI = OTJXW8'Y]xav OL tQLXE t'Y]c; XECpaA.~c;. odnvo li£v ELvm nA.£ov b6gnov, auto O[twc; brv tJ,ac; EfJ-ltO-
IlEQom: IlA8EIN TON EP3ANT A = 6n £xatJ,E~ va bCI;,a va ycuOOU[J,E xa:rtOLO Emb6gmov. To ouxva OEV to
n6.8ac;. AE[J,E 8atJ,6., EXOllfJ,E owuc; nonouc; eawiJvEc; ma xacprvda.
OQEOt'Y]c;: AEI fYNAIKE2: EMTIOI\QN TAI2: Ta Q~[taw oxounCI;,cu, oa(lciivw, cpgovtCI;,w brv ta AE[J,E [J,E
2:YM<POPAI2:. to Q~[ta XOQEW, aAAa otouc; vaouc; [J,ac; u:rt<iQXEL :rtavta
0 EUQutlc'ifl; AOL:rt6v, tJ,ac; ltQOt(lEltEL it(JO 25 mwvwv, VEWXOQOc;. 1\EV AE[!E XUVQJ tO cpLACD, AE[J,E OlLWc; ltQOOXUVW
va avai;,'Y]t~ooU[J,E t'Y] yuva(xa n(ow an6 x6.8r xax6. to etx6vwtJ,a. 1\cv ovotJ,ai;,oufJ-E to xgE~<itL A.£xoc;, AEfJ-E
A6.8oc;, A.mn6v, va xagCI;,outJ,£ t'Y]V [)(cpgao'Y] aut~ otou~ OfJ,WS 'Y] AEXllJ. To L[J,<itLO <'lev OVO[J,<ii;,nm AW:rt'Y], unagxouv
f6.A.A.ouc; fJ-E to chercher la femme. 6[twc; agxctoC A.cunobuw; yugw tJ,ac;. To '\jJW[ti fJ-OVO one;
To 80% twv OTJfJ-EQLvciiv JtaQOLfJ-LWv rwc; rxcpgaorwv exxA'Y]oCcc; to anoxaAotlfJ-E agto, 6tJ,wc; £xowtc ugtonmcCu
btmwvCI;,ovtaL fJ-EXQL O~fJ,EQa, 6otwc;: AI1TE2:8AI xm a(ltooxeu<io[wta. To nA.oCo bcv ovotJ,<il;,nm nA£ov
3YAOY = xtuna i;uA.o, [ AAA OPNI8QN = tou nouAL- vuuc;, £xouf,LE 6tJ,wc; vautEc;, vaunx6, vauota8tJ,ouc;.
ou to y6.A.a, EA YTOY2: E3E8EATPILAN = tytvav MnogrC va fJ-TJV ovotJ,<il;,oufJ-E txOcic; ta '\jlagw, AEfLE 6tJ,wc;
8£o.tgo, All02:KOTI2:0N ME = fJ-'YJ fJ-E oxotCI;,uc;, LX8U01tWA'Y]c;, LX8U01tWAELO, LX8uoxaAALEQYELa.
TPEXOYN TA QPA ETII TQN QMQN EXONTE2: = Ebw ea lt(lEltEL va 8Uf,L'Y]80U[J,E T'Y]V 6.tUXTJ 4>tAO,l1JAU
cpEuyouv fJ-E xmE~aotJ,£va aun6., A YETAI fOYNATA = nou t'Y]V r~Cuoc o Tf1QEV; xm xat6mv t'Y]c; a:rtEKO'\jJE t'Y]
Auovtm ta y6vma, TON 1\E AITIE ll'YXH = AL:rt01VUXTJ- yAWOOa yw. va [J,'Y]V tOV [J,a(lTUQ~OEL. 1\wA,aA£( fJ,EX(lL O~[J,E­
OE, OY /\' 02:0N KNH2:A2:8AI TO OY2: 2:XOAHN Qa tOV XaT][J,O tT]c;, XUQUYfLI''vo OE tJ,<iQ[WQO: ''f/cciiooav
AfQ = brv abEt<il;,w va i;uow to am( fJ-OU, TOTE MOl EfJ-~V £8EQLOE xm £o~wrv EAA.aoa cpwv~v".
XANOI EYPEIA XE>QN = va avo(/;EL TJ Y'YJ va fJ-E xma- H tguyLK~ <l>LAO[J,~Aa OEV OQTJVEL nou tT]c; £xo1jJav tT]
ltLEL, TIOTEPON H OPNI2: H TO QON EfENETO y/cwoou. 1\ev obugnm nou 8a lLELVEL ~ou~~· EINAI
X.t.A. AilAPHfOPHTH TIOY /\EN 8A 3ANAMIAH2:EI
LtO O'Y][J,EQLVO [J,ac; AEsLAOyLO XQTJOL[J,OltOLOU[J,E navw EAAHNIKA! 2:utJ,cpwva !J-E ng6ocpatec; EQEuvcc; ax6tJ,a
 106 L'iHMHTPHI riOABAI OMAL'iA "E" OAIKH EITANA<I>OPA TO 2011 107

xm YJ y(_laf![LC:mxij TYJ~ y'Awooa s(vm yEvEnxa xa80(_JW[LE- 6:n:wc; TO avaouyX(_lOTOUV OL YEVE'tLOTE~, aVTLOTOLXEL OXE-
VYJ!!! 66v o'Aox'AYJ(_)Wnx6. oto ysvEa'Aoytx6 6cvt(_lo Twv y'Awoowv
H yEvEnxij smBEBmwvs~ TYJ 8Ew(_l(a tou y'Awooo'A6you :n:ou :n:(_lotE(VE~ o Pou'Atv xa~ o~ Pwoo~ y'Awooo'A6yOL.
N6all To6[!ox~ 6n YJ y(_laf!llanxij ECvm £wputYJ. Km y~a Luvm!J(~ovta<; 61-.a autei ta bs6o~t£va, o Lcp6(_ltoa owmE-
va TYJ [LU80U[LE a(_lxd YO. EVE(_l'/071:0~ YJ80UV XU:n:OLa "xou- (_la(vEL 6n "yovC6~a, :n:'AYJtlUO[LOC xm y'AwooE<; E~a:n:'Awvo-
,,
llJHU" OTO YOU [La~, ta o:n:o(a ELVCU XOLVU OE 6AOU~ TOU~ vTm axnvcoTa .
av8(_lw:n:ou~. H OUfLBo'Aij TWV YEVETLXWV E(_lEUVWV ELVat OYJ[LaVnxij
LtYJV a0xil u:n:ilQXE [t6vo f!W y'Awooa, xo~vij oE 61-.ou~ xm oE 6.A'Aouc; TO[!d<; TYJ~ y'Awooo'AoyCa~.
tous; av8(_lw:n:ou~. L'.~a6ox~xe~ fLEtavaotsiioE~~, f!ET<'i tYJv To 1998, YJ E(_lE11VYJTLXll O~t66a TOU A'/'/AOU '/EVETLOtij
Evaox6'AYJOYJ ~l£ tYJ yEw(_lyCa, o6ijyYJoav OtYJ 6~acpo(_lo:n:o(YJOYJ L6~[!0V Cl>(OE(_l xaT6.cpE(_lE va EVTO:n:(OE~ EVa yov(bLO, TO
autfJ~ tYJ£ "llYJtE(_la~ y'Awooa~". To oEva(_lLO aut6, To Spch 1, :n:avw oTo XQW[L6ow~ta 7 tou av8(_lw:n:ou. To yov(-
o:n:o(o u:rroOTYJ(_l(~ouv y'Awooo'A6yot xm a(_lxmo'A6yo~, Em- 6w mJT6 oxnC~nm ~t£ OQLOfLEVE~ x'A YJQOVOfLLXE<; 6uo'AEL-
rkBmwvnm E:n:LOYJ~ a:n:6 TL~ E(_lEUVE~ tT]~ YEVEL~xij~. o~ tou(_lyCEc; TOU AO'f0\1 - 6uoxoACa OTT] 6T][L~01l(_l'/La :n:(_lOtaOE-
EQEUvYJnx£~ O[La6s~ tou Kar)a'A~ Lcp6(_ltoa, oto :n:avm~­ WV, :n:(_loB'Ailllata EX<jlO(_la~ x.'A:n:. Tnv C6ta XQOV~a ll~a ann
otij~uo tou Lteivcpo(_lvt, xm tou A'AB£Qtou Theitaa, oto O[LU6a OTO L~<'iTA £xavE ll~a ~LEAETT] OE 6£Cy[La T(_l~WV X~A~a-
:n:avmwtij[LLO tou To(_l(vo, £xouv ~tE'AnijoE~ ra tEAEUtaCa 6cov rrm6~wv n'AtxCac; 6w6Exa x0ovwv. Lt6xoc; ijrav va
mvijvta X(_l6v~a t(_lE~~ x~'A~Cibs~ bELY[Lata a:n:6 To DNA xa8o(_lwtd fLEXQL OE :n:OLo BaO~t6 ra rrmb~Ci a1JTa acpofLOL-
1.800 b~acpO(_lETLXWV :n:f.YJ8UO[LWV a:n:6 xei8E ywv~a tT]~ [YJ~. woav 6ou ~tei8mvav a:n:6 TO :n:EQ~Ba'A'Aov xm n :n:a(_)Ef,LEVE
H Bao~xij ~b€a E(vm a(_lxETCi a:n:'Aij. 'Ooo [L£ya'AiitE(_lE£ .s~a­ xo~v6 xaQaXtT](_ltonx6 T0\1£ mE~bij touc; ijrav E~tcputo.
cpo(_l€~ avaxa'Aumouv oto DNA .Suo 'Aawv t6oo :n:a'A~6tE­ A:n:ote'AEO[ta: H :n:'AamllTJcpCa tcov xaOuon(_lijoEwv OtT] 6~a-
(_la IT(_JE:n:EL va exs~ yCvEL o 6~axwQtoll6~ tou~. M' aut6v 6txao(a [!atlnonc; ocpn'A6tav otT] ysvEnxij xm oxt oro
tov t(_l6:n:o :n:(_looi)~6(_lwav 6n YJ :n:(_lciitYJ 6~acpo(_lo:n:o(YJOYJ :n:EQtBCiUov, svw n :n:'AELOijlYJcp(a twv ato[L~xwv 6~acpo(_lciiv
£y~v£ :n:(_l~v a:n:6 Exat6 x~'A~Ci6ss; XQ6vw xm ijrav EXELVYJ (:n:.x., OTO AE~~xo'Aoy~x6 :n:f.o{JtO) O<jlELA6tav OtO :n:E(_ltBa'A-
avei~t.EOa or'EA'AYJVEc; xm llYJ'EA'AYJVE~. M' Ci'A'Aa 'A6y~a, o 1-.ov. Au1:6 B£Bma 6E OT][ta(va 6n T] y(_la[L[Lanxij XAT](_lOVO-
Homo Sapiens yrvvij8YJxE OTYJV EA'Aa6a xm xm6mv d;a- IlECtm 6rrwc; to XQW[La toll 6E(_l[Latoc;. AvtC8na, urra(_lXE~
:n:'Aw8YJxE o' o'A6x'AYJQYJ TYJ fYJ. AA'AE£ xa8o(_ltonxijs; OYJ[La- ll~a Ef,LcpUtT] xa6o6ijynan rrou 6T]~LL01lQYEC £va xo~ v6 y'Awo-
oCa~ 6~ax'Aa6woE~~ OUVEBYJoav )'[(_)~ v a:n:6 :n:Evijvta x~'A~Ci6E<; mx6 urr6ot(_lW~ta, :n:avw ow orro(o mxo6o[!E(cm 61-.o to
XQ6vw fLETa~u Ao~arwv xm Auot(_la'Awv xm :n:(_l~v a:n:6 y),WOOLXO OLX066[,LT][!a [LE nc; JtOAUa(_lLtl[LE<; rra(_la'A'Aay£<;
35-40 x~'A~Ci6wv XQ6VLa [LETa~u Ao~aTWV xat tou arr6 Cito~LO OE 6.to[,LO. M' a'A'Aa 'Aoy~a, y~a TO rrm6( T]
Eu(_lw:n:aCwv. To yEvca'Aoy~x6 6£vT(_lo tou EC6ouc; [La<;, xatiiXTTJOYJ tT]<; y(_la[L[Lanxijc; wo6uva[LEL fLE to :n:atnlla
-m11x3 Altw A~ox1qxJ1q DJ'('{DJ Ltw S)1Lt11od:J mx S;J1Ltemi (~rlog ~xumiLtenrl) 1fX1wnLtenrl mwwJonllnAn nA Lt§?'t
u9 '011~1 mo~oJrllt Aow Jlirro~y~Jmv · ,.S31Lt19ADX1 S9xu ~X1AU'('{3 38JfX lt J3001£ri119 llJX AilD- '59riD'I- 'Dic)n- '90X1n
-3,\.lt S1113AC)JA011DX ~XllcO'( lt113~XD1A3 DDDt)l'(lc ~X1Alt'{'{3 - 'ltQAJf'(- '3'(lt1- mnrl~dJDOOl£ "&JX1All'('(3 Xl1 1DAJ3 'SnJk
Lt., ~(/131£3 '1fX1Alt'('{3 Ail081frl DA Srr01 ltX)'{31D D1Dl -O'(OAX31 5LtA)1ilcll001£ A./H 5001.0 nrlw~oX D031 JD1QJ
-t;JAD D1 ACWl£)01001£ S3J1Drlllo13X11£3 10'(H\[10 ·SrroAmd:> ·sonnwe + t;Jilo = 591i'{D8dJo 'c;1o13n
-9AD1£D11DX SnoAmdJ9'{HD mk 1D13~J00001£ 01(/lflD 01t)J01£ + Ltk = XlJ013riD13k 'ODl<,?~ + J1C3 + Ltk - nilnd:J}k '~X1All'('{3
3~ ·5nA9X13 5ltA3ri~OA1X mx noX~ ltDOQ1f131i ltAoilX91 AlllD ·X·u "Ai}0101COri1DlloX ll1 il01£ ACIJAJ3X3 I}§D13rl
-ilDl 3rl A/H il01 ltA9(iO AltlD At)l100dJOOlt'(ll ~'{0\:)001£ AUlD 3xlte~ADJd:Jnno 1019 ~<,?131£3 Sc!J'(lln 111fK AnoAJnrllw Sn§?'t
mlDlDJMD noll 5nnnxonql<,? Soqoe?rl nni 1DAJ3 '91nn 10 'S3'{'{"&J Su 3'{9 30 t;JA3 'SllDJ<,?Ai}D lJ13A)k01DJ01£ mrl MOX)
nrl1inok9il1£ OJ, ·5a1Jrlooxlcmc nri)AXl1(/ 01 DA JDlXOJf NN::l 513§)'{ 10 SltoJ1l3 ·SJDDt;J'(Ic 53'{'{"9 Suo 91nn 13AJn\Jr1rro A3Q
I
(l]D)ri lDX ,.)s;m() :l!Ugl!gH .. 13D1friOAO 13X) OJ, ·S~X1Alt'{'{3 c,_nA3 '501mik1f01£-Slt§3'{ I}§D131i llD)XD luxltoOlf mrl DDDt;J'{k
5Lt1 SLtoLte1friX3 nrl1inolc9il1£ DA) 13D9QX3 13X? .. gJddy,. AJH 1: ~X1All'{'{3 AlllD ~(/Xl'{ll<,? 31iilOX3,"(AOAJD1ilto) ,.AOJ3rllto,. XlA)
DJ301D13 lt'{"&JI-31i lt ',.86, ~il3XDD1D)l,. 9X1(,?01031£ 01 JflD)l I 3rl 1D1J30M3 (AOA31i9A1Dlillo) ,.DliAJfOll,. XlA) 119 1Xl13~JOO
·5Lt1 ~DOQX} Ltwx}q Ltw Ltq~ 1D13XDJO\J mx 986 J iWl 5Lto 5Ull)omonn oo119 noocn/. Lt mAJ3 .. ~x1ko'{onrllto,. t;JA3
i.•
-oqx) mAJ3 'Snoo<;1'{k S~x1Alt'('{3 SLt1 5Ltolte1friXJ SnpXm ' ·t1o 9xo ~A3J..mmau ~xunnJ..nil11 Si\01 •}§m31i Mox9 (Ltonw
OQ08?ri mk 1D113X90il ·,.JfX1All'('{3 D?N S}iJl£§3,. 1Xl,)OV -91nx 'n9q1 'nr1/..1filll) 13J,1fod:J;n lt§?'t Lt no11 91nn ~<,?D'{ltq
1:
01A\J:LA1X il01 OJ'(\:)1~) J380QX3 13X) DJM11!DI ~A1oxnrl lu~ ,.AOA3ri9A1Xlril!D,. 01 llJK 513§}'{ 10 ~(/D'(llQ ,.AOAJDrillD,. 01
!II,
· AC)l(/il01£D At)JX1Alt'('{3 mnrl~1il DlD (5~X10Jriy Slt1 5Cll)q1) DJOllO AlllO DD£H)l'(A lt 1l)AJ3 ,.~KllDrillON,. :91ilD 13AJDrllto
''II,''
5JA(l]ll"&JJ 10 lt(,?H_. A(l]A~ '{'{3 ADJl XlDO<)l'(j lt 1DX Xlri~JA il !t·
il 1 11, ·,.S)X1A0'(0131ilto,. AXJD1o~1xnonX Sn 53DDC)l'(A 53'{'{"9
01 1DAJ3 noll ·~miom'{Ol£ noJrlooxknl£ nm SJ~JO Suo ~dJ Sn 53'(9 '~K1All'('{3 Alti OA91i DDDt)l'(A .. ~xnnrillON,. 5DJ
II'
-001011£3 Dlk ltDJfl mrl 31iil01£)'{~) 'At)l1ilXl A(l]'{9 A11£91D)! :I',, 1mAox99 5nJJ..o'(oAXn 5LtA 9nLtoDJXoo1£ A./H 10 119 AtJllDlAO'(
·,.mmit;JoX mk 9'{d:Jn1 AD.\) -ow1 mx S~x1oodJoillt'{1£ A(l)A9Yillw1m Am1 LtomWJllDl(/ Lt1
30 Jf'{11i XlA ADD 1DAJ3 '~X1,\lt'{'{3 Altl SJoaJX "3"3 Alt1 mk 91£Xl J(jtnx;lOolC DDDt)l'(A ~X1Alt'('{3 Alll mJ.. AOO)d:JD1<,?A3 OJ,
5J3ADX 1f'{1rl XJA 01,. U91(/ '·3·3 SLt1 Lt1illDJ1!3 Sro ~X1Alt'{'{3 ,,I
II:

·Stu ~Dll()1f1iX3 All1 ~lDM(,? AilOAJfX il01£

lt J38(l]0318DX DA AXJOltl~~ ( opgl'1JUS O:Jpgpgt[ ltiJt)XO) 'I
5)rloq S)XU3A3A 10 '501Jf'(ll mx 5ox~rl 9X1d:Jnokm3A 381fX
S)1il3'(nogmon3 JOAmwr 10 '5itolc9'{ Srro1 S~o1nn ,1J I JD 'SltDJ1C3 mA J3 S;JA10)! ·Ltoil3'()001£ ~A1ox Lt1D191DXiln mrl
.AO)'{l£ 130~0CllX001£ XlA J31DM<,?D Ltr!t]XD li 53'(9 MOX;J orio9X AOlD 1D1Ai}01'{1ri il01£ 53DDt)l'(A 10 "3rl
Ltx1Aor1Ltw11£3
"
Lt 53101£0
;
5n S1omX
"
mx 1Xl1Ao'lnnoX
-:. ...
noll -XJO~A1K3§ ilOl£9 ,llD OJ31illD OlD 3rlilOdJ;J01D11£3 1D13,"M01£
51301fOdJX3 5)KllltOA 511 MOXDJO\J ~K1Alt'('{3 Alt1D OA9ri -p'( no9 .. oA9ri, 1315J8D001£ DJ0131£r13 H ·5n01£C)l08AD 5nm
'A/H 10 'SmA)1i01£3 ·(LtD1t\9X131£D ~xwnorl) yxwnorl mx I Sno'{9 3D mqJ m 1DAJ3 no11 'ooA no1 .. At;Jlllrlnox, A(l)101£1fX
601 IIOZ O.L VdO<PVNVll3 H)IIVO ,a,. V\IVWO II
I
:l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWH\7 80!
110 t.HMHTPH~ f!Oi\BA~ OMAC.A "E" Oi\IKH ETIANA<l>OPA TO 2011 Ill

iSEUTLXll TOUc; ftETC!QQUfJftlCJ11 111V EJTClVClqJOQa TOJV XAClOOL- TQITO. YrraQxouv ftClQTUQ(Ec; arr6 1;£vouc; QCXbtOEQCXm-
XUlV YQCXftftaTwv 0111v rrmliE(a wuc;. t€zvEc; xm EQEUV11TEc; TWV A.T.I.A. 6n ow£lca~av ftE roue;
fEvtxa, 6icEc; m ),;£vEe; EJl:LXELQllOELc; orrEu6ouv arr6 nc; 1\£xtEc; wuc;, ouvOftLAtEc; ftEWsii twv U.F.O. vex yCvovtm
JTQUnEc; va a),;wrrmijoouv T11V En11vtxij, T11 ylcwooa ~me; ow ... APXAIA EAAHNIKA!!! <l>uotxa yta ~t£va ~t£oo.
XCXL VCX T11V EXftETCXnEUTOUV '(LCl 111V Jl:QOOOO XCll EsEALSll OE nma -rex oxaqJ11 OEV urriiQXCXV OUtE E),;wyijLVOL, OUTE arr6
wuc; OtOV avtayWVLOftO toll oij~tEQCl ana xm toU CXUQLO. touc; avaftEVOftEVouc; EAAHNE:E arr6 1' 6.otQCX. M£on oE
fEvLxij E(vm 11 i'narr(onooll BQEttavwv, ELotxciiv owuc; CXUTU OL Jl:LAOTOL ijtav 0111J-EQL VOL UV6QW1l:OL. 'lowe; 11 bOftll
H/Y 1l:Q011Y~tEv11c; wxvolcoy(cxc; 6n "11 En11vtxii Eft1l:EQLEXEL twv ouoxEuwv roue;, m£TQEJTE vovo TETOtou E(bouc; Em-
ftLCl (jJLAOOocp(a ~tE sEXWQLOTij 011~tao(a '(LCl TOlle; TOftE(c; xm vwv(a. Ouo£v ox6ictov.
OQyavwo11c; XCll £'>LCXXELQL01lc; EJl:LXELQllOEcuv". H 1Jluxoic6yoc;- xotvwvtolc6yoc; ()g 'Olcya Kagav6.x11,
2:to xmwcplct T11c; vcac; XLALET(ac; ~lc£rrotlftE wuc; lcaouc; 010 ciQ8QO 111c; Ot11V E(jJllftEQ(ba "N£m Av6gwrrot" T11V
vex o611youvTm oE a6t£1;ooo. H rrolcmonxij wuc; yuftvta 1-10-1993, ygacpEt 6n: "ilona aTova vnal;u -rwv orro(-
o611yEC o£ aot£1;ooo Tllv u1Jl11icii 1ouc; TExvolcoyCa. H alcr-ta- il
wv xm o xn811y11tilc; Fernado Sesma xm o EQE11V11tilc; -
'I
'.1''

TWo11c; Jl:QOOOc; 11:011 EXOUV xava, bEV ~tJl:OQEL vex 011lQLXflEL ouyygacpEuc; o R. Jack Perren, <'>£x611xav avaxoCvwo11 twv
ij
OE oaega 6qtEALCl ylcwooac;, Jl:VEU!J-CXTO<; ITolcmo~toU. Ta ,,
'I'
I, bLCXJTAClV11TLXWV UMMO, ytu T11V btEA£11011 T11V 1011
~iir-tma TOuc; lctyoota xwQCc; To AQxaCo TivEufta AfJavaw. I,
I
Iouv(ou 1011 btnOT11fttxou TOt•c; oxilftntoc;, xn6wc; xm T11V
fta 111 ouyxQOVIl mClc11oll 1wv JtgorlJc llW'mnv TO tic; cmocpO.- rrgooyE(woij rou oE CXXQt~ii T6rro xm xg6vo. H avaxo( vw-
owav vex yuQtOOl'V xm vn avn~llTiioouv wv AQxnCo ii: i 011 ELXE boElii oE 6Alca 40 aTofta. I1gayvan, o tm6.~tEvoc;
En11vtx6 l1olcmor-t6. Z11wuv vex ),;nvnrragouv 6QCXIJ-U urr6 6(oxoc; rr£gaot arr6 10 SAN JOSE DE VALDERAS xm
I
t11V En6Jia. 'I rrgooyELw811xE OT11V JrEQtoXil T11c; L:avm M6vtxa one; 10
Emwxnxij 11 uv6.yx11 rrlc£ov, vn ouvEL611torrmijoouftE I Iouv(ou 1967. Ot xaTOLXOL Tile; JrEQLOXi\c;, JrCXQETllQ110CXV
6n, onv lcu6c; otullETOl!~lE EVCl ClOTELQEUto Jl:AOUTO, ClQXEL OTL EqJEQE 010 xaTw ftEQOc; TOll TO OUft~OAO, TO o;ro(o OEV
ftOVO VU bOUftE nc; C!LltlVLEc; 1l:ClQCXXCHCX6ijxEc; f(Ctc;, 11:011 [We; ECvm ano, arr6 TO XUQLOTEQO yga~lftCl T11c; ftLV(!)'(xijc; YQCX-
£xouv XCXQLOEL OL 1l:Q6yovo( [tac;. cpijc;, E+E TO, rrou otQOYYUAEuouv OL cixgEc; tou ftE ftLCX
KuQtoc; xm LEQ6c;, rrava6Qwmvoc; ot6xoc; - t6£a 6lcwv xa6Et11 YQClftftil 010 ftEOOV 11:011 OX11ftClTL~EL 01Cl11QO XCXL
nov Enijvwv 1l:QE1l:EL vn E(vm 11 ot6.0oo11, XQllOil xm otr- bw~6~nm "L:t". Em rrHov o EQEUV11Tilc; JONN A.
6vorro(11011 Tile; En11vtxiic; nwooac;. KEEL, wxug(~nm 6n ot ovr6t11tEc; rwv A TIA, XQ110LIJ-O-
Ac; v11v sExva~tr: rrmouv aQxaCa EAA11Vtxa ov6r-taTa, xm Ofttlcouv agxaCa
Ac; xarroTE ftlAOUOClV OL ewe ea ftlAOUOCXV omoooijrro- EAA11VLxa, yt' am6 rrgo<QEJrEL wuc; avayvwowc; Tou, vex
cE En11vtxa! JrQOft116Eu6ouv ~t~ACa 111c; ElcA11vtxijc; Mu8olcoy(ac;.
 L'.HMHTPH:1: fl0i\BA:1: OMAL'.A "E" 01\IKH EI1ANA<!>OPA TO 2011 113
112

T11v JtATlQOqJOQCa auT~v TllV ava<pEQEL o T. Mn£x:\cii, ma lltf.llt"tO. ftmC TO JtEQLOOOTEQO OLOOTll[LLXa OV8QWJtLVO
axQwc; anoxa:\unnxa BtB:\Ca TOu "Ot anomwnwTec; Twv oxacp11 exm1v cH11vtxa ov6ftaTa; 'Orrwc; ATIOAAQN,
UFO" (THE UFO SILANCERS) EX. 'IvvEQ Aa.CT ATAANTII:, KAIMENTINH, ATAAI:, TITAN, TIH-
Titf.lJTALXE1100V 1990, xaewc; xm OTO "Wuxtxec; xm UFO rAI:OI:, AE>HNA, AEATA, TAYPOI: xm EPMHI:.
anoxaHnvac; one; £oxmEc; ~LEQcc;" (PSYCHIC + UFO Ttftfic; £vcxEv ~ yta va fLOtasouv fLE. .. EAAHNIKA;
REVELATIONS, in the last days) Ex. TO 1989, xm ava<pe- Ma8ETE 6n TOll£ "8EOYL:" nov OQXCtCwv EH~vwv 8a
QEtm EJTL011£ OT11V ~LUOT11QLW011 JtQOX~QllSY] 1toll XllXAO(jlOQEC TOll£ "JtQOOfYYLOEt" AuTO£ rrmJ OTll ouv£C0110~ TOll 8a
ava Tov x6o[Lo, ~tE TllV unoyQacpfi "I11oouc; XQLOt6c;" xm [LETOAAOX8el to ouvo:\o EXELVulV TWV JtOQOYOVTWV, rrou 8a
OTOV QOAO TOV orroCov 8a OWOQO[LaTLOOllV OL ayyEAOL TTl£ XPIL:OYN aut~v EAAHNA. ~11:\aii~ cpwTwfuiv11.
XQLOTLOVLX~£ 8Q110XECac;, ;rou TOll£ TOllTLSEL [LE TOllc;'En11VE£ Am6 iiEv ECva.L xEXT11fLEVO iitxa(w[ta xavEv6c; JtaQa
eeouc; TTl£ Enllvtxfic; Mll8o:\oyCac;, one; £oxmcc; [LEQE£. onotauiifinoTE EXEL TTl yv(uoll ~ TTl cpumO[LEV11 owcCii11011,
To U'no OU~tBolco, JtOU cpEQOllV OL LJTTa[LEVOL oCoxOL OOXETW£ E0VLXOT11TO£.
OT11V xotA.ta TOll£, EXEL xaQOYfLEVO xm TO fLVll[LdO TTl£ Eav EftcCc; A.om6v m'EH11vcc;, ilEv xcnacpEQOfLE va urro-
foQCwac; OT11V Iwh6 tou B6:\oll, an' 6nou xaTa Tov iicCt;oufLE JtCll£ JtQEITEL va uJtOXAt0ouv OL aAAOL Lta TWV
'En11va ouyyQacp£a 8E6bwQo Al:;t<iiTll (avwTEQO al:;tw[La- EH~vwv, TOTE ac; ClQXEOTOi!ftE JtQO; TO JtOQOV va fLO£ To
nx6 TOll OTQatou), <iQxwc Ta wt;Cota TTl£ 11 AQyw Tllc; 1: !
urro6£Ct;ouv amoC Jt01J cm£xT11oav iitxmWfLOTLxa xm at;ta
li '
AQyovaunxfic; EXOTQOTECac;. LllflqJOJVwc; JtQO£ TOV Ciito "ir TTJ yvciJCHJ.
OUYYQOqJEO "urraQX01JV [LOQTUQLE£ OTL TO Tai:;Ciita TTl£ Me TllV ovo1.taoCa "EH11v" o yQacpwv bEY EVVOEC TOV
AQyouc; (cpwTOyQacpCa), owEXCsovTm xm one; ~tEQE£ ~tac;". ·I:I JtOAL TTl TOU XQOTLOLOU JtOU xataOXEllOOOV OL OUTLXOL XOL
(AQyw, ExiS. LftllQVLwTaxll). (Ex Tou aQ8Qoll r 11 c; iiQ ·rl rrou ofifLEQO A.EycTm EAMiia. 0 (EA.)A.11v dvm Yt6c; Twv
'0/cyac; KaQavax11). YtOJV TOU eeou. 'HA.Oc mC TTl£ XOov6c;, err[ TOU Ev6c; EX
Tt"tUQ"tO. ftatC O~fLEQO oTa t;£va navcmatfifLLO, dvm TCJJV ;J;AOV11TWV TOU TlALOXOll ftac; OUOTfj[LOTO£, 011AObfi TOU
llJtOXQEWTLX~ 11 Otiiaxfi TWV OQXOLWV cnllVLXOJV; fLOTL TO EVO£ EX nov JtOAACOV OUQaVLWV JtEQOO[LaTwV ~ Ota0[LWV
llLV11A6Ba8[La OTEAEX11 TTl£ NASA lliTOXQEOUVTat va yvwQC- btEQXOftevcuv, fi:\Oc we; EfLLVUXTl u:\txfi ovT6T11Ta. 'HA.8c we;
sow APXAIA EAAHNIKA; XOL OQXOlO En11VLX~ LOTO- aJtEOTOAfLEVO£ TWV LJtOQEWV TOU, 8EWV. 'H/c8E EJtL TTl£
QCa; fLat( O~fLEQO OTY]V Enaiia [LEta an6 aywvEc; iStiia- X8ov6c;, yLO va TllV Ei:;ayv[oEL OJtO TO ~LLUO[LCtTO TWV
oxovTm TO OQXOlO Enllvtxa ana ([LEta cp6Boll 8eou;). aJtOQQLcp0£vTwv mC auTfic; TtTavwv xm 611 Twv anoy6vwv
~11/c. ETOL noll va Ta cpoBouvTm 6:\ot ot fL0811TE£, oav To toll IaJtEToii.
mo iiUoxo:\o [La811fLO an:' 6/ca; xm am6 flE TOv TQ6Jto noll Ot E1Tl011[LUVOEL£ amec; yCvovTm yta va OQXLOOU[LE
iitii<ioxovTm; Cow; va avn/cafLBav6~taoTE oxt fLOVO TllV [LETat;u avOQW-
 114 t.HMHTPHI f!OABAI OMAt.A "E" OAIKH EIIANA<!>OPA TO 2011 115

nwv xm (E\)\~vwv i5wcpog6., 611\ab~ 111 OLa<:pOQETLx~ bta touta xm xugCw~ TYJ 1\tx~ rw~ ouf-LBo\~ OtY]V xma-
OUV8E011 1WV X11fHXWV OTOLXELWV TOU YEVETLXOU 10U<; oxEu~ tou~. 0 OEutE(lO~ 8a arroB\emt oto va OtEuxo\uvn
XWOLXa XCH TOU EyXE<:pa\ou WU~, a\\6. XCH T11V EX Ota<:po- to yg6cpovta va oac; yvwotonot~OEL eva f-LE\\ovnx6 yqo-
QETLXWV ougav(wv ~ Ollf,(navnxc6v OUlf,LU1(l)V ngoEAEliO~ v6~, to onoCo we; f-LOValltx6 avttXELf-LEVO tou ot6xo 8a exn
wu~ arr6 EXELV11 nuv uno\oCrrwv. TimoC ECvm m 8EOC, - avEI;agt~tw~ r6v mt trux8rC - 1YJV ogwnx~ xm tE\wC6t-
nOLOL ~mv OL Tvr<ivE~ XaL now( OL arr6yovo( TOU~ m( TOU X11 f,(ataCwo11 t11~ rrogECac; AvayEvv~oEw~ t01J
n\av~t11 f,(a~, xm nowC ECvm ExECvm nm1 8a ECvm xa8a- EH11YWf,LOU. To qm66to, \om6v, to orroCo Ef-LEL~ 6\ot
goC xm ayvC va ngayrtatorrm~oouv nbtxe~ nogECE~ xm f,La~ EV01JVELO~twc; na(JEfl06\0Uf,LE Ot11V nO(JELa aut~, ELVC!L
va rwe\8ouv 1E\txw~ oto "Na6"; 'Orrmm xt av ECvm, OE 11 nL£011 nou Ei;aOXOUI~E Ot11V no\t TLX~ 11YEOLa t11~
011f,LaLVEL 6n 8a f,(nO(JEOOUV va ELOE\8ouv XaL fLEOa OTO i,, E\\61\o~ va f,(ac; oll11y~ort 6gov-6gov Ot11V O.N .E.
Irg6 tou, xm no\u mgwo61EQO oto ABat6v tou. L:w (OtxovOf-LLX~ xm Nof-LWf-LaTLx~'Evwo11), 011\all~ Ot11V 1£\t-
ABmov 8a EWe\8ouv f-LOVo m Ex\ExtoC xm m Agtotot. 'I'
'I
'J' x~ cp6011 111~ xataOt(JO<:p~~. OXL f,LOVO TWV E\aXLOTWV uno-
Ot (E\)\11VE~. Km now( ~ouv av6f,LEO<i f,(a~ nou 8a Ev8u- .I'I \o(nwv otOLXECwv t11~ taut6t11ta~ twv E\A~vwv, a\"-6
fl118ouv 6n rCvm (E\)\11vr~; ... xm tou E\A11VWf-LOU. H nCra11 f-La~ am~, f,(nal;u twv
At•16 nou mt8Uf,LEL o yg6<:pwv, Etvm va oa£ yvwow- 6\Awv OUVEltELWV, OUVEtEAEOE xm Oto va EXEL ~011 0EX8EL,
not~OEL f-LE(Hx6 otmxrCa xm brbof-Leva nou 6xt an\w~ rl; ov6f,Lat6~ f-La~ 1\ta \oyagtof,l6 f,(a~. H 11ywCa aut~ <:pt\o-
UnOVOOUV, a\\6 XaL OCHpcil~ 011f,(aT00010liV f,LW OU(lCi i;Ev~OE t11V UVOLSYJ '99 OtOU~ L'.E\<:pOU~ (vat, OtOU~
ouyxrxgtf,(evwv xm ow8rgwv 1\talltxamwv, 111~ agx6rtr- L'.£\<:pou£), 111 6taoxE\jJ11 twv 11YEtwv 111~ Eugwrr11~ xm twv
V11~ nO(JELa~ ngo~ TOV no80Uf,LEVO Xat EltLOLWXOf,LEVO 011f-Lavnx6tEQWV xwgwv tou urro\oCrrou rr\av~t11. H 6t6.-
ot6xo: T11V Avay£vv1101110u E\\11VWf-LOU. 'Oflw~, rrag' 6\o oxE\jJ11 aut~, 11 orro(a Elt(JOXELW va ngayf,(atOJIOL Y]8E[ T11V
nou au1~ 11 JIO(lELa EXEL ~011 agxCoEL, EfLEL£ OXL f,LOVO OE 6vots11 '97 oto L:ouvto ~ 0111v Kg~t11, xm t11V ono(a xarrot-
OUf,Lf,LETEXOUf,LE OTL£ Otabtxao(cc; 1Y]~ evagi;~ TY]~, a\\6 rc6\- OL "m8rgo[36.f,LOVE~"'E\\11VE~ t11v f,(ataCwoav, EXEL wv rl;~~
\ov na(lEflB<i\ouf-LE no\M xm 6t6<:poga Ef,LJI6i5ta, f,LE or6xo ot6xo: va avaxm vw8EC xm va ou~11tYJ8EC rmxEtf-LEV11 ngoor-
6xt va TYJV avao1EtAOUf,LE, a\\6. va TYJV f,(atmwoowtE. E>a xw~ E:tC8E011 ESWY~LVWV EVaVtlOV TOU n\av~tY] f,(a~. H ava-
f,(nogouoa va ava<:pE(JW f,(La no\U f,(Ey6\ Y] OEL(l6 ES autwv, XOLVW011 aut~, 11 ono(a cpumxa 8a n\awtwvETm xm 8a
Of-Lw~ 8a anocpuyw E1IL011f-LaCvovwc; rc6vo eva. Han\~ Em- Ot11(JL~Etm a:rr6 OELQU OEOOf-LEVWV, avEi;a(l1~TW~ rav a uta
O~f-LavoY] toutou 8a EXEL ouo f3amxou~ ot6xou~. 0 ngw- ECvm n\aof,(attxa, 8a EXEL w~ oxon6 xm anote\EOfla xm
w~ 8a anoB\emt OTYJV m8av61111a va f-La~ rrgoxa\wa t11V tumx~ 011f-LLOUQYta "Tiayxoof-LCou KuBEQV~orw~".
flE(ltX6 E(lE8tOf,(ata, ta ono(a Cow~ va rcac; w8~oouv va Autov611to ECvm 6n 11 11ywCa aut~~ 8a avatr8EC on~
C!Va~Y]1~00Uf,LE XaL va EV10nLOOUf,LE x6nma an6 1a Ef,LJIO- H.TI.A., eyga\jJE 0 f,(Eya\o~'E\\11Va~ <PougaxY]~.
 116 OMA!>A "E" OAIKH EITANA<t>OPA TO 2011
!>HMHTPI-!2: riOABAI 117

H JtA11QOcpogCa aun1 JtQoxaA.eC ava~J-cptB6A.wc; OELQa 011!J,aVttXOUc; fliiA.axec; TYJc; {naxuf:lEQV110YJc; TOU JTAaV~t11.
egwnwatwv. Metasii amwv OUIJ-7tEQtA.a,uB<ivovtat xat ta Metusii TWV XWQWV UUTWV, nc; OJTO(Ec; E!J,ELc; 8ECDQOU!J,E
ax6A.ou8a Oiio: I) Acpoii ot H. IT.A. £xouv Oll!J-EQa 111v a[tEAYJtEec; eCvm rr.x. YJ "A.t~wxtovoiiou" B6gnoc; Kog£a,
oumaonx~ 11YWta tou nA.av~t11, ytaT( ~trow t11c; otaox€- to "YJTT111J-EVo xm xmwtga[tftEvo" Igax, 11 KCva, YJ PwoCu,
'\(Jewc; aut~c; Sa errtotwl;ouv va rr<iQouv xat t11V tumxt H unex xm 11 Enaoa. (Km 6mv A.Ew Enexoa c)ev JtQOObto-
arravt11011 ElVat: cn6n OEV T11V rxouv. No~tLsOUIJ-E 6n T11V gCsw xm CfJUOtXlx OEV EVVOlO to EOJTEQtav6 xgm(Oto JTOU
i:xouv, ~ owot6tega, !J-O.c; txouv rre(on 6n 111v €xouv. 'Oxt A.i:ynat Enaou). Memi;{J toJV O!J,txi'\wv xm ogyavcuoewv,
!J,6vo oev £xouv t11v oumaonx~ 11yeoCu 1011 rrA.uv~tYJ, una ot omiCec; XQatOiiv xat eA.eyxouv xexrrmouc; OYJ!J-uvnxoiic;
oiite xav to !J-EyuA.iiteg6 tYJc; TIJ-~IJ-a. Kat aut6 ux61J-11 10 8iiA.axec; 111c; 1\taJTAaVYJTLX~c; xuf:lEQV110YJc;, OlliJ,!TEQLAU!J-B6.-
TIJ-~IJ-a oev w EAEYXEt YJ EJTL0111J-11 rroA.mxootganwnx~ YJYE- VOVtat: 11 O!J,<ilia E\j.IIAON, 11 "Opus Dei", ot
oCa. 'Orrwc; /Sev to EAEYXEt xat xa!J,Cu arr6 nc; rroncc; xat IAA.ou~J-tv6.tot,. ot "2:oiicpt tou AC8ou" xm ot 2:tx ...
i5tacpogec; "avm(011[LEc;" XliBEQV~oac; 111c;. ExELVYJ, EX twv 2) H rrA.YJgocpogCa mg( t11c; oxei'\tas6~J-EVYJc; uva8£oewc;
XUf:lEQV~OEWV aut<!JV TWV H.IT.A. ~ OWOTOTEQU twv one; H. IT.A. xat t11c; nmtx£c; rrA.Eov 11YEO(ec; tou rrA.uv~t11
XEVTQWV Ei;ouoCac;, YJ orro(u EXEL xmaoxeuaoEt, avumiil;EL !J,Uc; A.£yn 6n am~ fla t11c; uvme8e( JT(JOXEL!J-EVOU va avn-
xm rrgoorra8~oet va emBaA.et, t6oo one; r8v6tmec; rrou !J-EtwmoBeC YJ "emxet!J-EVYJ errC8w11 el;wy~tvwv". Aut~ 11
ouyxgotoiiv exeC VYJ TYJ xwgu, 6oo xm otu £flv11 xat nc; JTA11QOCfJOQLU JTQOXaAEL xm TO E!TO!J,EVO EQCUT111J-a: UJT6.Q-
EflVOT11TEc; TOU 7i:AUV~T11 [We;, TOY "M!TCXflJTOUACX" TYJc; EJTL- XOUV rrgay~J-an el;wy~tvot, xat e6.v urrexgxouv rrg6.wun
XEL!J,EVYJc; EJTL8EOYJc; El;wyrjt VOlV EVaVTLOV TYJc; f11c;, EL Vat Ol el;wy~tvot, xm e6.v urr6.gxouv rroto( ECvm xat ytatC arret-
Ef:lQaCot. Auto( ot "EBgaCot" xat 6xt ot aA.YJ8tvo( A.oiiv tov nA.av~t11 ~J-ac;; Aotrr6v, 8u ~tuv 6xt !J,6vo eyon-
Ioui)uCot, av urragxouv UXO!J-YJ - ELVat EXELVOL JTOU £xouv O!J,6c;, ana xm JtaguA.oyto!J,6c; va VO!J-tsOUIJ-E 6n EL!J,E8u 0(
XataOXEUaOEt TOY "MrrarmoiiA.a" OXL !J,OVO TYJc; ESWY~tv 11 c; IJ-OVot x6.totxot wu Ou~J-rravtoc; ~ £atw tou 11A.tuxoii ~J-ac;
Etof:loA.~c;, ana XUt t11c; EAEUOYJc; TOU "AvtLXQLOtou". OUOT~!J,atoc;. 2:to OU!J,Jtav, OTO yaA.al;(a !J,ac; xm OTO 11Atu-
ITgtv rrgoorra8~oou~J-e va 8Cl;ou~tE xm va anuvt1tOOUIJ-E x6 !J,ac; oiiot111J-a, urr6.gxouv - ~. av 8£A.nr, JtQEJTEt va
TO i)EUTE(JO EQCUTYJ!J,U JTOU !T(JOXU!TTEL arr' UUTa, JTQEJTEl Xat urragxouv - xat 6.AA.a EIJ-Bta 6vta xm ovt6t11t£c;. To 6n
rraA.t va tov(ooU!J-E: ot H.IT.A. bev dvat rrA.avYJtaQxYJc;. urr6.Qxouv, ~ £otw 6n ea rrg£rrn va urr6.gxouv, /Sev eCvm
.6-ev ELV?t i5t6n urragxouv OTOV rrA.av~t11 !J,Uc; Xat XWQEc; IJ-LU ouyxgov11 emo~~J-avo11 ~ B£011. TYJv unaQs11 autwv
xat O!J-aC>ec; rrou, ytu Otacpogouc; A6youc;, 6xt IJ-OVo eCvm UVUCfJEQOUV bEX6.iiec; EX TCDV UQXULWV JtaV£JTLOT11!J,OVWV,
aXO!J,a aQXETa buvm£c; Xat LXav£c; VU avn~J-ETOlJtLOOUV nc; xat 6xt !J-6vov o Aouxtav6c;. To rroto( ECvat amo( OL el;w-
H.IT.A. xm to 011~J-avnx6tego 6gyavo nov "EBga(wv" y~tvot, Xat to av ELVat cptALXOL ~ EX8(ltXOL aJtEVUVTL Otouc;
JTOU AEYETat EVW!J,EV11 EUQWJTYJ, ana Xat X(lutoiiv Xat 1\taf:ltoiivtec; tou rrA.av~t11 !J,ac;, eCvm £vu EQWT111J-a rrou 1\ev
118 ~HMHTPH:I: riOABA:I: OMA~A "E" OAIKH EITANA<l>OPA TO 2011 119

£( vm £iixoA.o va mtaVT110£(, xa06n 11 ava~~T1'J011 arravt~­ ~agovc; tov rrA.av~t11 flU£ xm tov avOgwrr(vou yevouc;
CJEW£ XQ~~a rroAA.arrA.wv xm rroA.uotcwtmwv cgeuvwv xm Cl1tELA~ ELCJ~OA~£ E~Wy~LVWV.
au~11T~CJ£wv. Ex£(vo rrou £(vm ouvm6v va ELJtwOd eow H avacpoga CJT11 oNJev annA.~ ELOf)oA.~c; E~WY~ LVUJV
£(vm TO £~~£: 2:xc66v 11 oA.6t11ta twv ota~toiivtwv aTOv Elvm amov611to va rrgoxaA.eaa :;roAA.a EQCOTflflUTLx<i. Tl']V
1tAUV~T11 ~ta£ ELVUL TLflWQ11flEVOL XCH E~OQLCJTOL. L\.11A.ao~: 0 rrg6xA.11a~ T01l£ evwxua xm 11 m( rroAA.a Etfl evtovfl, rror.-
rrA.av~T11£ flU£ £(vm T6rro£ TLflWQLU£ xm £~og(a£. 2:TOU£ A.arrA.~ xm Jt0Al!Ot6otatfl EXCJTQatcLCX JtEQL Tfl£ OllVEXOU£
TLflWQ11flEVOU£ XaL E~OQLCJTOU£ XUTOLXOUc; TOU JtAUV~T11 qtcpav(aewc; A.T.I.A. (Ayvwmov Tavt6tl1TO<; Ima~teva
autoii £xouv ataA.Od xm ot vou0wt£c; Touc;, m e~OflOA.o­ Avnx£Cfl£Va). To 6n txouv ewpcxvwtd xm EflCpcxv(~ovTm
Y11TE£ tOU£, btarrmi)aywyLCJTE£ xm e~avOgwmatE£ TOU£. A. T.I.A. dvm, ~ ECJTU) ITQEITEL VC! e(vm, Y£YOVO£. Km eav
Ot TEAEU'ta(OL, xm xata TO JtVEUflU, ana xm TO YQUflflU oev e(vm, OEV ouvaflEOa vet 6tmjJEUCJOUflE exdvou£ rrou
twv btmurrwfl£vwv BouA.l'ov xm Ll.toaxwv aw agxaCa xd- taXlJQ(t;ovmt 6n ta E(oav ... T11v EflCp6.vL011 teov avnxa~t£­
flEVf.<, dvm ot (EA.)A.11VE£. H 1tQUYflUTOJtOLOUflEV11 ~ "mt- vwv amcilv rrg£rra va Tr]V Oewgoii~t£ OEOOflEVfl. 'Oflwc;, Oa
XELflEV11" EA£1JCJ11 E~wy~tvmv dvm ~ £mw rrg£rra va flew- rrgerret vex exvaA.oyt~OflClCJTE 111 ao~ag~ Jtt0av6tY]TC! auta
QELTm ycyov6£. To EQWT11flU rrou rrgoxaA.ECtm flE am~ T11V va Efvm urroy~tvex xat y~tva xm 6xt arraga(tntex el;wy~t­
EJtLCJ~flUVCJ11 e(vm: flE nota hOfl~ xm flOQcp~ ~Aeav ~ Oa va. Ll.nA.ao~: xamaxeuaCJflcxtex toJV urroxOov(cov xm nov
£A.Oouv; Ll.ev ~A.Oav xm <)E Oa eA.Oouv flE T11 OLX~ flU£ emxflov(cov flOvaowv touc;. Am6 rrgoxaA.d atou£ ava-
ftOQcp~ xm OOfl~.'HA.tktv, tgxovtm xm Oa £A.Oouv W£ 11AE- yvwaw; CXXOflll eva EQ!JlTY]flC!, JtOU EQXETUL va 1tQOOTE0EL
XTQOftUYV11TLxa CJWflUTLOLU ~ 1J1tOCJWflUT(Ota. L\.11A.a6~ Ul£ otnv ~611 rrgoUrragxouacx OaA.aoaa EQWTY]fl<itwv:
VETQOVLU, 1tQWTOVLU, lpWTOVLCl XaL VETQL VO. H £JtLCJ~flUV011 Ynagxouv urrox06vLOt xm n 6vta dvm auTOC;
T11£ £A.eva~£ T01l£, rrgoxaA.e( xm to EQWT11fla: fwt( m H arraVTY]OY] EL VaL xatcxcpanx~. fta vex cpavtaOTOUflE
H.II.A. xm OL aAA.ec; E~ga'(x£c; 01JVUflEL£ 01t(J)£ 11 EVWflEV11 6flwc;, exv 6xt va evvo~om'flE, tnv iirragsn twv 6vTwv
Eugl'orr11, OeA.ouv va flUTmciJoovv ~ va Eflrroo(aovv t11v mmuv, Ou rrg£rret xat' agxac; va oexOouflE tnv iirrag~ll
EAEUO~ T01l£; IloLO( ~QLCJXOVTUL rr(ow arr6 am£c; nc; ovva- urroxflov(ou x6oflou, eav 6xt x6CJflWV. Tnv iirraQ~ll tou
flEL£, JtOLa £(VaL ta CJXEOLa TOll£ XaL flE JtOLOV TQOJtO xata- xOCJflOU wiitou ~we; tY]V avucp£gouv rroA.A.oC arr6 wuc;
OTQEcpOVTCH arr6 T11V £A.eua11 avtwv twv e~wy~tvwv; ... agxaCouc; rravemot~flovec;. Mna~ii cxutwv 1WL o JtexflflEYL-
y rragxouv EV evegy£La CJTOV XOClflO flU£ flEY6.AE£ owc; IIA.atwv. Tn oxenx~ TotJ avucpoga TY]V ~gCmtmlflE
EXOTQUTELEc; Jt01J OLE~UyOVTaL UJtO ta EJtl TOU 1tAUV~T11 flU£ mo ~t~A.Co <l>u(owv, ma xecpaA.ma 58-62. Ecp6aov OflW£
ow~toiivta urrox06vw 6vw, ot orro(ec; exovv W£ xotv6 I oexOoUflE TY]V iirrexg~ll urrox8ov(o1J XOOfl01J ((1JTOVOY]TO
T01l£ UVTLXELflEVLXO OTOXO T11V avaxorr~ 't11£ JtOQELU<; e(vm vex OLEQUltY]flouflE: n evvoouflE xm rrgoootoQL~01JflE
A vayEVV11011£ tov EA.A. 11VLCJflOU. L11flUVTLX6tEQE£, 111tEQ( CJE w£ urrox06vw x6oflo; Karrme£ arr6 n£ rrgwtE£ axenx£c;
-AJX 0 ·oo<;JX Sml 9X1riD111'{0:U mx 9X1DrtibrmA. .1.01 mA. 0.1. -103:urlrto '5~1rtD 5ro3D;J811£3 Slt1 01DJD'{:U 01~ ·LtD38J:U3 ~x
-rtQA )X O'{l)A3ri DA) 1DX 13X;J103:Uri3 ltDroXOl)AO:UD lt ~1rt V -11/l.rtriD 5rt01D)Dlrt3'{3l i\.U113DI}'{O:UD~3 il.rtOX;J 11.91rtD 0A9'{
",\.(1).1.~'{('{3) ,\.(1)1 DOD111}X- OA9ri1X9 01 D1J ·Srt01 S~11.orlnou:u Snrl lt1~ii.D'{:U rtO)ii.08X11£3 rt01 Jm
mx - l)X1riltArl m ArtOA<;JXODAO:UD S;J1rtV ·5ogl)'{'{3 ~ 'DV 5Lt1 'rt01rt1J)i\.3 rt01 50'{XI}X 0 13i\.)3'{X 119 i\.rtO~)O(l)i\.A 10111.98X
-'{3 5Lt1 )1£3 OA9ri 1"01.1.0~1)1103 '0.1.)013.1. ~ A(l))A003rl '.1.(1)).1. -o:urt 10 ·~~.roJII.08X1m 11.ro1 Jm 5ro:uJ?x il.l}oXomortx Ltrl9xu
-mroo:u 'AroJ11.01roib 'll.(l))ii.001X3'(lt 11.ro1 ~rloq Lt1 '3rii}O:U 5D rto:u9 'il.roJII.08Xo:urt 11.ro1 oA.iJ;J 1"011.)3 .,rt01D10XJ1ii.V rto1 Sro
'ArtOX;J 53)01£0 10 '311)-0l, "ii.<;J1DrtXOlroib mx M)l1'{0\JOII.11XD -301}3'{3., 5Lt1 mx "Snrl lt1~ii.D'{:U 11.010 A(l)i\.1~A.ro~3 5LtD38J:U3
i\.(1)1DI}003:Urt mx i\.aJ1X3'{J:U3 '5url lt11fii.D'{:U rt01 J:U3 '5ro 5lti1.3riJ3X1:U3., 5Lt1 "VTl"V 11.(1)1 )0311: DJ31D01DX3 Ltomo
-3DI}XD1Q 59il.rt)l rt01 I}OriD1031DD rtOl D1Q mx DQ;JriOOQii.V -J?1Qrt'{o:u: mx Ltiboorii}'{O:U: '5~13rt'{o:u: lt'{9 Lt '11.9:u:1oy ...
DJ~D'{DJ rt01 X3 5Lt1 '10'{rtDJ\7 10 mx 53'{1}11 10 ArtoA. ,.. I,' ·5ro(j) 01 13/I.<;J'{ltQ rto:u .,ii.J?OJ,. 01 3ri13D;J811ii.D i\.3 '5019X~ 01
-)Oi\.D 11919 '5aJ)011X )3103'{31/l.rtD D8 91rty "5rt01 ~01/I.:UI}ibD 13M)J'{ltQ .,ii.J?Ort01., 01 119 5911.3ibXJ 'SltD)l£3 aJO)dJDII.D ii.D~
~xmquw Lt mx 5rto1 ~ocoXOl)ii.O:UD-OlrtD Lt 13DJXou 11X9 ··· ii.DXlt8J!X mx '101<;JO:U:10 138'{)0011: ii.DXJ3
DO<fl1 rto:u mx Dii.;JrlaJxouil. ii.D19XD10\J 5rt01 rto:urt1911.0A. rto1 rto:u:9 9:u:n 011:91 9X1Drtibro3A. 010 rtO)D1rt3'{31 rto1 Srtoi\.
XJOD111}X l)X1rllti1.rl XJl '53J131'{1X aJil.l) 1DX OI}Q )1£3 'MlJ01CO -oA.9:u:D Srto1 ii.D03ib)ii.Xl:U3 10101J.DDV 10 x·:u z:U 01 )1D1A.
11.ro1 '10ii.J3X3 m11.J3 ·~iboorlmx ~rloq 'lti1.1lL<)l08ii.D 11.lt1 '5url 11JX 'ril)DO\JV (101 10i\.0A90:U 10 ii.D8'{~00:U: 5aJ:U mx rto:u 91!D
I
~X1Q lt1 3rl Dli\.9 1"011.J3 1011.3ri9X03i\.Dl£3 10 119 3rlrtO~JriOi1. Di\. 5rtO'{;J1'11£3 31ii}08iblt'{11ii.D Di\. mx 5Ltx~8D1\7 5J?1D'{DlJ Slt1
5)3'{3ibXJ 0091 31DDriJ3 i\.3Q 119 01lt911.0HlXJ 1"011.)3 'i\.(1),\~'{('{3) I ltD3il.;rJ lt1 3rlrtODltl3'{3ri1Ji\.1J~ Xli\. m,\. '11.011.91i 11JX mi018)03
llort3'{;Jii.Dl£3 3ri;J'{ ii.DlO~ · 11.(1)11.~ '{( '{3) 11.(1)1 5Ltort3'{)ii.D:U3 5Lt1
10'{rtDJQ 10 mx 53'{1}1£ 10 MOA.JOII.D '13.\)J'(Y. 5url lt1~ii.D'{1! I 5<:5 "531 JrlltDOX11rt \7 10 1XJX 10ii.J?OC10l, 10 11JX 11Ji\.)3 il.<fl1rt1J
I}~Dl3]i\[ "59ii.OHX Slt1 )1£3 '11J1ii.D1DJ8DXA.3 mx 1D1ii.OXO;J~3
i\.010 i\.(1))11.08XO:Urt i\.(1)1 5~/I.OriDOXJ:U 5Lt1 50'{XI}X 0 5<;J8D)l 'rtO:U<;J08ii.D rt011.3ri9A.3'{ rw1 ~dJoorl lt1 i\.rtOii.O)Xl:U Dil. 1Jl
"i\.(1)11.~'{('{3) -Lt1911Jil.rtQ Lu 51Jlii.OX) J?1rtD Dli\.9 m 119 1D13~JortX01 501<,JJ
11.ro1 Lto1il.l)ibrl3ii.D:U3 mx 59ii.08X 5Lu J:U3 Ltort3'{;JAD:UJ Lt11. 0 "ltllJii.I}QD 501)3'{31 1X9 ii.J?3 'J38ltOM3 11JX )38(1):U:rt11J1Q
-3riJ3X11£3 11.lt10 ii.I}08XD11lii.D Dil. 5rt0111.98X1m SC101 il.rtODJ3:U 1Ji\. m,\. lt'{OXDI}<,l 1}'{01£ 1"011.)3 ltXJ?OilO(j) ·x rt01 ltDlt1ii.J?:U:Xl lt
Dil. oX910 3rl 53)31DOlDX3 5;J111D 5;JX11ltii.D'{l.CXJOD1C :Ju 1301}'{ 'D111.99Xo:urt 1Jl J?1rtD 1Dii.J3 Dli\.9 )1 01 J?OOdJD 11.009 1D)l
-o:uu~3 Sm11.0X;J '5911.08X 5Lt1 )1£3 5rt01 53Ql)ii.01i Suo Srto1 "5ltXJ?OrtO(j) ·x
S~ii.OriDOXJ:U 5Lt1 'O'{XI}X (t01 01i1DJ3'{X 01 MOi\.I}QDO\Jll£3 o )30M3 511 Sam9 3rlrtoo~oM3 5u u11. 531IU91DMQ 511 mx
Dil. Srto1 5;J138J?l!Doo:u Sn MOil. )3111.3 :~QD'{lt \7 · "orl3'{9ll 513D<;Jii.A. 511 3rlrtOX;J nil. pxoy "il.(l)'{'{J? il.<fl'{'{O:tr mx Sro;JdlOO
9x1A.o'{oXrtm., 3ril}o'{uxo:uu ~x1A.Lt1uaw ~~~.wx .~.uw 1101 J?X11il1Jii.OA.oy DlD 11JX J?'{'{D '5DJ001DJ 51)-00lt'{V
rto:u I}01C1D ~maori Lt1 mx oX910 01 ~~.rtoX;J 5;J1rtV ·S3J31 )0311 '10AO'{J!1\7 )Oi1.10X3N 'DJ3111.1JriOrtX3N I}Oii.1J1XrtOy
,,
-D01DX3 5;J1rtD S1101 5;JX11ltii.D'{:UDOD:U 10 mx 1Dlii.Oii.J?£)riD'{ rtOl nA.o;J mo 011.9rl 1X9 '3riiJ.OOf) Dil. 3rll}ooo:url S;JooibDii.D

lZT 1 IOZ Ol VdO<l>VNVU3 H)IIYO ,a, VV'VWO

I :rvavou &HdlHWHV OZT

 ·S~trl1AOil0013X Sl,tlltl-ltgDx o pl-lt~3 no1 mx '}OlDDri no1 110A JXODx 1101 S]iboori 53101!1))[
'" DJX1'{lt ~OD3A 30 mmy~ni mx Sn01 S~(l)~ Slt1 D13XOIJ19 ·ltxl,l'{(l00\!AV (l0)M(I)3J ~lltAltGDX i101ltDAil81J-31<,>
Ul l)lDX I}OlDDYi fl01 OAJXODX AnO~I}lllDAD ,A OAfl<,JAJX %06 ltl 91lfl J3A0fl0113'{ 1101! 'ilOJ3riOXODON flOJ31DOXOlllli 1101
An oX? 'l V"M;)H flOJ91Aol- no1 ~X01o31l Altw odmol-JlAD S~x1A1'{x S~rn!,orwonx S~X1lflJ<,>mllooll ,v Slt1 5DM303,
OAJriAD'{'{DlJri DA;l , ri J38ltMJA AflOXJ flOll S(l)ri9 S3XJDMA 5~X1A0fl0013X 010~1DDA03 OlD 13)(~AD DJ'{il0£101(1)01£ H
10 '% Zl OlD (l)0i}A 1DAJ3 91ionglt '{ll 9X1A3A OlD I}OlDDri flOl "91iDI18U'{ll9X1Alt'{'{3 AOlD ilOAJXODX ilOlltDltibl)OA
flOAJXOD)( Slt~flllll)AD SOAfl<,JAJX C,DA3 '119 3riilO~JO(l)Aj -mODX ~X11JA3A lt1 oX9w 11i ~X1A1'{X lt1c,_nCl1£ lt oprioxooo,,
"»lqJAOl.. 11 »:LD(I)00l,l 11 OlD 13D~A0fl0113'{ D(-J 'D1D1'{l)ri '53<,>l)riO<,>\J3 53AJ'{ 33: "5'}0D'{
»:!. AilOO;Jib ilOll '5il01 Al)>'fHi i\(1)1 91DOD01l 01 3ll(l0D 5110'{'{1} 5fl01 91lD 9100001! 003190X11i 30 D1<,>JAOA Dl l)lflD
I
·Jll01A3 »A 3ti»D\tO»llDOOll mx 9X1001D1 0101\11 A(lOX;J 111:
AilOXJ 119 1Dl3AJDC!J 10J01W 10 'A0lA~'{'{3 A(l)l ~X0031!11
(1.01£ 5313A;Jl..OX10 511 3ll»D\t13'{3ll 'A91l10'{ '1D1:>J:, 11 ~X113A3k """ltlD AflOAJ'{XAI1D 5r101 3I33U.13IIIVIV 10
·5ltXl,l\! ·optiOXODOA 0131l,lOXOllllJ 0191£»
-(l01A»1DA(I))I 5on~OA»W A<;JAlt8V rtoJriltlD11l3ADU A(I)A91ih1DUH »\!l,lllO 3Dh1\1'{3ti (l00;J1A3 50;JX»ll (1.01
01 O(l)lXJ'{ o mx 5oilqA»\JV 51t'{I)>A»W S~tX1AOil001JX 1»X ~Ol.D»ti (1.01 OAJXODX m/. hD39"J,l1\!00ll Ah1 5(1.01
S~lUAU8DX SOOflOXJll3 0 ltlJ'{3ri ltlD AilOXJ13ririflD J?1\!JAO/. »1D i\(1.00\Jib (1.01£ 5313A\Jl..OX10 5\JX1Ait'{'{3 51J,
flOll S3AOri~lD11l3 SilOl 91lD 01}(/ "")["1"\f., AltlD ADDltA~~3 Ill" . j j j fto)91AOA 1}01X1Alt'{'{3 flOl OJ3'{llA31i 011DlJ 5ll1A
'.,9riDfl8U'{ll 9X1A3A OlD SilOAJXODX S'}OAXilD 011! Sil01 91lD 1,' -Or}AX13<,JOllD '.,r10A JXODX no1 m<,>JAOA m S3AU'{'{3, Snow
,,'
1DA J3 ilOl! ilOOJ1A3 SOJXDll 1101 1DX i}OlDDri ilOl OA JXODX A'}Ori1XO<,>il3 ... A3\7., 0'{1 )1 Jri OOOZ/6/ L l ~A 11Driil3A01l'y'
AOlD 1Dli\OX}'{llri3 ilOll D1<,>)AOA Dl 3riflOD~Afl3031<,J DA 1DX AltlD 110Xl)8Dl:<:: S!l)'{1ri1V Sltl OOtJOl) 01 01D'}OlflD
JriaOi)ll)OADlDX DA 'JriilOD'}3AX1AD DA 31iDD~8DllDOOU" Jri,10'}J1Dorilt<,> .,AltooJOOJll3., Sool! Glll)XDODll Smlt19x
"ltD3A -11300IDD1<,> J03lC l}lflD 1D1AOA'}0Xll SOlD) ~<,>131!3 00910(5
-JI,OA 1XODX AltlD 1DlAOXJ'{llri3 1\0l.C D1<,>JAOA DAJ1i10X3XAflD .. ·SLt1 ~D30JDibll lt 13DJXOll Ltg~ 13XJ l)'{'{ll '53Alt '{(H)
Dl AflOOJib ilOll SilOl lt'{Jli D1 AIJ.OlD11l01A3 DA 1DX A<DAJX Sao1 91LD SC)l'{l!D 1lll)3'{131!D AJ<,> DJOllO lt 'ltl~AD'{ll
-ODX A(l)101J1 9X1001D1 AflOXJ flOll S13A}A0)(10 S]X1.AU'{'{J 10 AOlD Sil01 SDJXOD10(l)( Sltl ltDDll)ODlC AUl Afl0XC)l1<,>11C3 flOll
AIJ.08U13'{Jri DA 3XU8~013X11l3 'A91l10'{ 'l)OOdJ ltl()JOll D1J 10AJ3X3 101A98X01C(t 10 'D03191DlllD ~ '53Alt'{'{}GAD 1!))( SJA
"D13AJ8DD AUl 91lD J38D1A -lt'{'{JD1ri 10 A'}OA031'{'{D)( AOl 1!))( MOAO}l.CD AOl - J38XflJib
-Ddm l)X11X3'{01onx MOXJ lt'{Jri l)'{'{Oll S3JOllO Suo SJ13AJA -Ol.Cll DA l)1Dfl8 ltDl)ll 131CJ01C 110:U - A9111D 91i0DX1g OJ, "AC)JA
-OX10 AilOXOl)l£11 JlD1A 1DlJ3Alt~3 1D1.3,"9lflD ,1A 1D1AOA'}8fl3 -D11D10X A(ll~9\10800-0i\lt H3 A(l)l 1l:))( .,A(JlOlll'{OAlt '{'{3.,
flOll D1<,>JAOA l)X11Dri(l)llll'{3 Dl 13DJ1l01A3 AflOXJ 53AOri ~ A(l)A~H3 A(l)l 59riD!lX1g 0 1DAJ3 '1101 S~D1Al)ibri3
-~1011£3 10 mx A'}OGltrioAoOlt'{x DA pClollri noOJlA3 SoJXDll Slt1 DlDri~g Dl()JOll Dl 13Al)X ltg~ 11X9 1101C 'S9lilll 50AI1<,>

SZ! I IOZ 0~ V dO<PVNVIE! H)!IVO ,.3, V'VVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd~HWH'V ZZ!

 "DJ3X101D 9X11XDQ19 ADD ADolld:Jn 5nri no:u Sno1 DA3rinx m 3ri 10Aol.oil1L Snri
" "' " "
mx "9"("(0J.C nil9J.C 13X;;nil3J.C 5'}oil1DI 53 ALl 't't:>:L 5noJnXov 10JDXOD 10 ll01L 0"("("9 119X 1DX 1D13~"!)130X ·~VVVt! DJODri
5~to1 mi. no1 ont]1g 01 119 rtOA}ri0939 91nn mill1\J,~ 01 -Oi\.0 ii.U1 130)d:l rtoJ.C 51l01Y0){ no1 531J"(OlL 310DriJ3 119 S9A
3ri mx )3(JU"(oXon 13X) SO)OJ.CO o '.,(J~VI,, <10JOU11l3J.CD038 -o/.31. 01 J3XOD 31'}0 'll01 531t;J1milw 5rto1o 5]"(01!1.3 3!1.19?
rt01 {\.(l)3099Xti {\.(1)1 IIIOd~VI ::nJ.NHVV3 IOIVXdV II SoilgAD~)"(V 5DI.5JW o mx 5Ll1 S'}oriollilX 51l01 303d:l901C
mx ~~3:3NOWH~3:1U3 IO)IU30 3:3NHVV3 D)8rtU Ll DJOliO i\.U1 3ri DOOt;J"(I. me/) ,\Ll1 3ri"!)"(1ri 119 01
IOIVXdV 11 ll01 ni.O) D1 9J.CD 591DllJAI. '50'{ltOlliJX 91LD 0A9ri 1D13~)001Q0001.C i\.39 53AU"('(t!,310Dri)3 119 0~
-nl.oon.J So<~.;Aro)J ·x 5Lt1i\J,lD1J.Ct! 5Lll 5DJ001DI Sll1
5\J,1lti.U(JD){ 0 '}OlrtD ,J.C3 13)"( 11 'A91C10"( 'D03~9!1. D"(3(JH_ VNG XO)IINHVV3 XO~ H3:HIOUO.Jd3N3 H
·5nri nileil9
"!)"("(OJ.C 30 31illO~JOLlwow< 5(l)J.C9 mx Smri At;Jrimmrill"(t)OOJ.C · noil]1A3 So]XD1L 1to1 So AJXOnx 59X100J.Cil"(Olf

1' 1~!
mx il.l)JM81l3 Ml'(91.3ri A01J.Cl!)i\.3 \J,X18H·01H AU1 MtoO)d:l 1 5\J,A31.ox1o Ll mx LlODJ\IOW<"((lL 5Ll9t;J1DriDA39D 5\J,A31.ox10
D8 '5omrit;J191AOI. ll0i\.11Ct;JO(Jii.D rt01 Lloll JO:UOX19(l)X0J.CD i\U1 Ll :ll005J1A3 So)XDJ.C n01 OAJXilnx mi. Sll038"919001£ SltA3ri
3ri mnd:Jo9il:te 5ol1L9 '5Llli\J,wmt~ 5~tx1il1DI 5Ll1 Snlto."(nx -'}oriowilll"(x 5?d:Jilmi o'}g J383iltJ AnoX? nil3ri\J,o 1ilX9w
-DAD 5:JX1101AO"(xl.no 53:)!1. 10 119 3rillO~J3901LD DA Dil3ri\J,o ·noAJXODX il01 stcllilori Ll1 \J,lllD ,11. i\.ll01:)8D1900J.C
3ri(10D\J,il13X11L3 D8 'VNG 010 3riDX\J,803d:JDAD mx 5mri mx I !li
'
aoJ.C mqJAOI. yx11mi(l)11D"(3 m 130)d:l llOJ.C '}Orioaeuyu ll01
501U19A103riuenx Sll1U)"(3ii.D mx 5\J,Oll"(XD 5Ll1 531]1LD09 91D0001L 01 oil319ilx1ri mAJ3 Smi nil~nX Llw 119 1Dl3AJD<P
yilod:J Llri9xn m1i mi. OJAyx 5no DA 'A91L10"( '5D1A0"(?8 "lt003lA3 5o3XDU ltOl OA1XODX AOl m/,. 1DX DlDtlD
' ' '
"""j3lP9AllriD 1DX 3lp9DlD1lAV """i5Dri 5\J,"(Ild:J 5Lll ·l,J03UtlilD Dl1DAp »l.O'{l}"-V "5'}0D"( 51\0"("(9 30 11'9 91£D
VNG 01 mx ArtOOt;J10"("(D DA A91DAil9 18: ·mlll9lllD1 5nri Ll031'}"(DX 1Di\.)3 53AU"("(t!,5rt010 '}OlDDri llOl (lOii.JXODX ilOi\.
\J,X11rt3XOUO(J 1DX \J,X1!1.83 i\.Ul 91"(<19i\.OXOAOri D1ri 31i i\llOQt -3ri'}OriOAOOLl"(X rt01 UO(l)ii.I.90J.C Ll 119 1D13ii.JDcll '5LlOJ1Lt!
-yill.mq D•\ 01C901 9X11iDM9 3ri ii.'}0013X11n 10101C9){ ·,\tyl0(1)X !1.(1)"("("9 Si;tOriOrtOU"(:lL 30 13A)Dt)rirto 5(1)1£9 53A:)ri(l)"(1LD
.{\.(l]i\.\J,"("(t! {\.(1)1 0)3"( mA )3 !1.39 mx l101 5]X01031£ 53A5Jri10X3XI.rto OA9ri 0'}9 30
-DI.3ri 01 130l)l1D\J3~)11l3 13X) Llri\J,1D11!3 LlAoilXI.'}D. Ll D)OJ.CO 1Dli\.0~"!)10rt00D1L ilOJ91ii.OI. rt01 513~"!)"("(D13ri 1Q "D1U19031
Alll 'no1 VNG ow mlll90311D1(,>1 nnl SmAOAJ\1 DAlt"("(t!, -1D191 \J,X113A31. nni 13X] 59riDrtOU'(li 59X1i\.U"("(3 o '5LlOJlit!
'}OX11Dril.nil:u ilOl miJD ow 13:)0 (tolL ilt;JXI 9031 01 mx 501 "%011DX 10X'}ri 13A
-miJD ll01 m3A)AI.Ilo Ll ""(Ll\1 A01i1mi9 Ol1DAJ3 Ll"()101D10V ·l,Jlcb IJlll» IJlDODOU Ol ltOll 530<!lX 53'{'{)} 3tl 13D'J91lAD
ll01 mx DA(l)lY"(U no1 \J,"(XDilH rto1 Sowi.91LD SJ3ADX m1 A3 '%S"%1:' OlD roO'}l. 1DAJ3 111,1 1Dl3AJDcb D\1)}'{'{3
-)30(1)38 DA mi. Llx\J,(JAilo \J,ADX1 mx DJUXI.DAD 101t!,"D031i\J,o AUlD no1Dnri no1 no<~.txonx 5no<~.3l.Ox10 no1 ltcboori
I I I I

1ilX9ri MO~Jrill8 01 Smi DA ADD11A9ild:J Llx\J,emnxnilnJ.C U ~lltl) 5rou 1»AJ3 5Ul'J't3tl 5ltl DtlDDO'}lltlltD 0~
~Zl I !OZ O.L VdO<PVNVIE! H)!!VO ,.3, VVVJAJO :l:V9VOIJ :l:Hd.LHWHV tZI
'Souo;p:Jy o SuA:JA.on,7 o 130:JdmAD AOJOllo A01 mx s~ '{OX~ ~X101D1 lt 'UQR '\tX10l.D1 \tX1.1.D1i It 1Dl.3~JADcb1i3 A3\?
s~x161DI s~x10131£Yig Sin S:J1011'{3rl3e Srto1 91lD SDA:J '5ltDJ1!3 'lt1!'1 1,)X10U1io DJ.:I o'\)1A3A 3D p1A3A 91lD 1D1AO~
3~0~1£(1 A(l)Yi)l Q ort08A"93 ~0101lOXDYiODcb 1DX ~001D1 rt01 -pi:)11:)Dl3Yi rtOll '5130C)JAA 5;JX101D1 91lD O'{OA~O DAj! 3Yi~01A
o~wll '('Xoll om Sov) 5ouA~01"{~ o Aronu o mx S(l)l£9 -DArtO ltOOQ'\)ODll ~X1Alt'{'{3 DmXopADll AlllO '11DriA.pou
'5lt"{'1J.o:unov o Am~ rtmi9w rt01 S01lt19X1Yiowou'{x Slt1 'uD13A<1!1DD 5rroqp 3ij1,)X 3D A(,lO!I
mx vNa rto1 Dri?e o1 SD~pq1q S01C)J01l o 119 mnA.:Jv -DJ.D1J.AD ,A Annlto\to~ 5rroJ. rrou 'nxnrlill,>cb mil\tJ.ron
• u i\()l iJ ].1)1 Al\0~1,)ll3XDDJ.DX DA DijDU<1 5rrOJ. '31\)l. <!>A:i( 'MOA1,)ij31!
A(l)A\t"{'{:i[ A(l)JDlOD A(l)J. 51LD<!>AA 5ltJ. 1\?J~Dl. Ol00'11lll DA 1,)0Dl! 3A31i'1 5ltOJ. A3V '\tcb10"{D mrl 3l(,l0 'A',\011!
OJ. D031i\tD 3UllOOiJcbDOOU 'llOA AOJ. A\)l.l\D 1:I 'l\OA l\Ol. DA '3A1,)cb DA Dl.Ol!Jl. ADlp A3q 'ADA1Dl.D!!>OOD 101!
DJAOUOD It 1DAJ3 DJ3All 'D'{\) 11!D (l)Al,>l! 1l.\) '31i1,)Al3~ -roil!IAl,> 10 ADJ.\) 1xu :lto:Je ll1gJOll Aul ~x1ihm AlllO 13AJ9
A3\? 1D)l OUOC)JAA AUlD rt01 pri(l)JDX1Q 01 'DJ3/,rr AUlD l\01 '\)Yi 'mll191l(l)08AD lt 13'{J3cbO rt01 rtOll 53J03A03rt3 511 ~1i810DllD
-lDJDX1<{ 01 '01l(l)08A"9 A01 3Yi 3YirlOApX DA 3YirlOX:J AD19 '13~ 5D5J8llrioou o AD19 'rtO'{~XD1y no1 DJ<{l0AD01 Alll~,.
-JA.A.D SDYi A3Q rlOJOU1D1!.0'{ rro1 ~lX11D1AO'{'{rlO H o~Yiu mx :ltOJA01 D8 'C5~VI rto1
Aox~eDx ADl~ '5(1)309QX3 S~llrlD Suriu~'{O:U: Slt1 DJA.ltooX lt ~V' rt01 Sooq39ou 'rroponrlDJ.:I 501.1.il<!>3J ·ov o 1D)!
0
'SrroX910 rl01 S~OX1A(l)A 1ox Srr01mx C5~VI 01 D1J 0AC)l01D1 Iil
1
"5(l)3rjtj!XO 1DX 5(1)3~0'\):U:rt SllA11l(!l08ADAD1l Sltl
Sun A(l)A9A.ooll A(l)JDqrto:LCo A(l)1 Al_DlrlD 5DJ'ri10(l)AA Slt1 ltxA. 5DA~Orlll 5(1) 1DX "9'{'{D DAJYiOQ3<{ pXD10lt13cbD 5(1) AOA9Yi 1X9
-pAD u ~X11XD111!3 13'{'{"9£)001! 'D0319X1A3A SDYi D)i\0JA10X 1'1: 'Suri~l011!3 Slt11DX A(l)1£C)l08AD A(l)1 A~(l)~ All1 513 A08WD13
AU1 1DX "9'{'{D 'ltri~1D11l3 A~x1ihm UAooXA.i)oO AUl D1J A(l)1 '\)lDYiA~3111!3 D1 1DX A10ltOC)J38 Slt1 A~X11DOX03() Alll
ODJ3Arl AU11DX ~(1)~ UlD Dri(l))DX1Q 01QJ 01 91lD A~X101DJ All1 AD03Q;JAilOO:U:D JOOlDJ 53Alt'{'{g)OJDXOD
MOX:J '100) HlAJ3 '1010Yi9 1DAJ3 101£(l)0()A"9 10 10'{Q, 05rl0038 10 °5(l)3rjtj!xo S~x1ow1 Sltopll AD01~1i mx 5~130D AOJ31illA1i
-~3'{3 1DX SrtO'{~OQ 30 D03Yi"9AD U010X'\)1Q ~OX1YiDODll lt 1Dl A01AC)l1D 'AOXOQ, A9X11DOX01ll!J A01 531AO~Ario ADJ131'{1X
-3AJA. A3Q ~AO'{'{rl~ 0131pOX01l:U:l AUl ltOlt'{X9'{0 30 D1D1'{'\)Yi All£ Smil~e )1!3 AlllO 1D1i\0Xil;Jo13 JOChD1 1Q '53ijl l\Ol. DJ~
AD19 '5(l)3rlt91lD Sltl 5~1rlD Ltomop1q ~X111'{0ll mx ~x1eL1 -ODl!llAD AUJ.D 13~J!Ill~ DA l\01! 010',\D 13l01,)Ull A3V
Alt1 SJ3ADx 1D13Ap£)1iD'{11AV • ~.5\)Al!IDX rroJ. ltn~,tilioltiluJD 0
,.)30 53 Dri~lX,.
-1q1 AUJ.D mx Arol!<!>O!IAD A(l)J. Aro"{\) ltn~cb \tA10X AUJ.D ArtOAJA DA 31DC)l 'S~oow1 SrtoAooXA.I}o Snow S(l)30~3Al!Yi3
1DJ.3~JDD~u '5UJ.1,)0X01!UJ 0 3A3"{'1 '5nrl ltli<!>AA H 1DX Sltri~lAYi DJ3X1010 130l)J<{ DA '50lll19X1Alt'{'{3 Driom
ODJ0131l'ri3 AUlO ADlAOM)l'{llOOOlllDX (DJ3ADA -)OX 01lt'{1A"9~3AD 01 91£D DO;Jri 'J3013X11lg 05DJ301D'{OAOA
-A.uri Lt1) 9X1orrcb031lrl 01 ADo~ocbllrltD '(1))! Slt1mx rtO<{JA)! -001£ 5DOJ31D A9~0001f 1DAJ3 A3Q 5100<{Xj! 5DOJ3X '\)AD H ..
Slt1 'SrtoX~ S:JX101D1 S3'{p,\3Yi o~q 10 mx DOJ19A.oy :UX1,)l!'{DXDOD)l 'J D\?JAro3y 'OV A01 91lD rl01
rto)'{l:)1~j rlOJDlrt3'{31 rt01 So/.0'{901! o 13~J~D 5(1)1£ C)JOOD8
0
5~(1)~ Slt1 ltomgJ13riuAD ~x1139 mri Soo:u: uri~l:) DA:J 13Apx

LZl 1 lOZ O.L VdO<PVNVUt! H)I!VO ,a, VVVWO !li 3:\fHVOIJ 3:Hd.LHWHV 9Zl
128 t.HMHTPHI f'IOABAL: OMAt.A "E" OAIKH EIIANA<!>OPA TO 2011 129

oto E(JYO "Bim C!>LAoo6cpcov". MLa JtAT](lOcpO(llU JtOll ~tOu TOll X00ft01J OAOXAfi(l01J: "l:~f.lEQU f.lU8UlVOllf.lE 'tllV
JtU(lELXE Tl yvwmfi ElclcnvCoa cpLic61coyo~ xm LOTO(JLX6~ xu ')'AOO(J(JU f.lE 't'lV OltOlUV 0 0EO~ Ollf.ltOllQ'YlliJE 't'lV
llorc11 (KaAI.tOltll) Mrcoilvta - llaurcal.u':g'l, ~yalci-LEVTJ srol\", ELJTE 0 IT(l6Eb(lo~ KlcCvwv, avayy£"-AovTa<; Tl]V OXE-
~LEOU arr6 TOV avd;av1A T]TO Jt(JOOWJTLXO 1T]~ U(JXELO. nxfiv avaxo(vwoLv o~ta<'Jo<; EmOT1]!-16vwv, 11 onoia 8£m-
!J01000, ltE(lUV 10\J UV OL'EAAT]VE~ LaT(lOl 1T]~ U(lXULO- (ld1m UJTO TL~ Ol]~taVTLXOTE(lE~ OT!]V WTO(llU 1T]<; EJTLotfi-
TT]TO~ E8EOUV TL~ rlaoa~ TT]~ LUT(lLXfi~ EltWTfi!-LTJ~, ~LE TU VEU ftT]<;, avalcoyl] TTJ<; xmaxTfjo£m<; tou tl.taoTfiftato~!. ..
0£00!-LEVU OTOV XCIJ(lO HllV EcpEU(lEOECllV XUL TCOV UVUXUAli- To miT£1Jy[ta, arro1EAEOfta ovvE(lYUOia<; TOLl UftE(ltxa-
~EWV TT]~ 0UYX(lOV01J LUT(lLXfi~ EJTLOTfi!-LTl~, O;tco~ T] UltOX(I)- vu-wli EevLxoli Ivon1olitou Yycia<;, Tou liJTOU(lYEiou
(ltXOltOlllO"t~ 1:0\1 DNA, EllAO'(O YEVVU1Cll TO E(JCD1T]!-LU OTU EVE(J'(ElU<;, r'l(JETUVLXWV JTUVEJTLOTT]flLWV, E(lE1JVl]TWV arr6
xEi"-n 61cmv Tcov av8(lciirrwv. 1TJV fc(l[tav(a xm Tl]V Iamuv(a xm tllLmTLXcJJV EJTLXEL(lfio£-
f£yov6<; avu!-LcpLo~fiT1lTO Eivm 6n To 8£1-1a rrou OT]~tL­ mv, OUVLOTatm OTOV lt(lOObLO(lWftO Tmv XTlftLXWV Y(lU!-LftU-
OU(ly#lnxE wxa1m<; ~tE 1TJV arrox(lumoy(lacpnow wu Tmv, JTOU xmbLXOJTOLOVV n<; ~LOAO'(LXE<; AELT01J(l'(LE<; T01J
av8(lmrt:ivou yovLOU.ii!-LaTO~ T] EmoTfi!-LTl TTJ<; Bwn8Lxfi<; El' av8(lWJTOU, UVU!-LEOU 0£ 3,1 bWEXaTOft!-Lll(lLU urrovovabE<;
uvayxao8EC vu lca~a yEvvaCc<; xm toA!-LTJ(lE~ arrocpaoa~, TOU DNA ... ".
cJJOTE v' UVTL!-LEtWltlOEL Tl] VEU EJTUVUOTanxfi Jt(l0XA1]01] Eav OE OAU U1JTU JT(lOOElEOOU!-LE xm to y£yov6<; 6n £va<;
Tov DNA. XO(l1Jcpa(o<; EJTLOTTj[tWV TT]<; E(lEUVT]TLXfi<; OftU/lO<; El VCll XUL
!1(wTa TUl!W TT]V CJJ(JC! JTOll OL l]'(f1Ec; TCliV Hf!A XCXL Tl]~ o'EA"-nv x. AQ'l~ lla1:gtvo~- Jt(l<iyva nov arrotEAE( LlltaC-
M£yalc1]<; B(lETavCa~ x.x. Mrctl. Kl.lv1:ov xm Tovt TE(lTl TLftfi '(LU Tl]V ElcMba - 8a JT(lEJTEt va arrocpAOLWOW[tE
M1tAEQ, CXVUXOLVCJJV01)V UJTO XOLVOV, OUVTOVLO!-LEVOL OE n<; JT(JW1E<; JTUVTJYU(lLXE<; llT]AWOEL<; yea EsUAEhVEL<; UVLUT(J)V
Tl]AEilLlWX£~1) Tl]V ClJTOXW<"JLXOJTOLT]Gl] TOU UV8(lW;tLVOU v6omv (avrroTE<; va yivo1JV alcT]ElLVE<;) xm va acpfioovft£
yovLbLCilftC!TO~, 111V XTlflLXfi XU1U'((lUCpfi TOU 90% T01J yuvv6 Tov x6xxo Tl]~ alcfiElna<; A£yovta<; JT(lO<; Tov<;
av8(lCliJT(vmJ DNA, flEAOVTCI~ [tE TOY T(l6Jto av16 va Ol]~ta­ av8(lwrrou<; 111<; Btonfltx'i\<; Emm'i\v 11~:
ToboTfjGo1JV Tl]v vccc vq6lc11 crravaomol] mo av£t;avTA1]1o - Tt Ela JT(l<isl], <i(lay£, 11 Bwn8tx'i\ xaElw<; avoiyEL o
rr£0Cov 11]<; yvciJOEW~! O(l6!-Lo<; yw ftETUftOOXEVOEt~ o(lyavmv ~ciimv o£ avEl(lciJ-
A~ llouftE, 6~tw<;, n £y(la'\jJE o Tlirro~ Tl]~ T(lCTl]~, 27 rrou<; llE v£a !lEElobo rrov av£xalcv~av y£v£noT£<; oTo
Iouv(ou Tou 2000 ft.X.: EllL!l~Oll(l'(O;
"MEta Tl]V EJTUVUOTUOtV 11]~ JTAl](lOCpO(ltXfi~, JTOU TEL VEL - TL fla rt:(lal;l], <i(layE, 11 Bwl]Eltxfi 6Tav llLa~a~o1JilE 6n
va ~tETCX~UAl] JtAfi(lW<; n<; OLXOVOftLXE~, XOVWVLXE~ xm yovCow ~-Ltac; tl.av£~ac; ClL!-LObOT(lLU<; EllcpmEliEll]xav oTa
I
rrolcmx£~ ovv8fixE~ oTov rrlccxvfiT!], E(lXETm TW(JU 11 mava- ~wa xm(l(<; 11 Cbta va to yvm(JL~l];
I~
'

omotc; TT]<; yEvEnxfi<; va JT(lOOElsol] lilcn OT!]V !-LET6A"-al;L I

H EJTL~Erla(mOT] U1JTfi xaElw<; xm ana 01J~tJTE(lUO!laTU
130 L'lHMHTPHl: f!OABAl: OMAL'lA "E'" OAIKH ETIANM>OPA TO 2011 131

an6 ng6oqmTE~ flEAfTE~ nou 8a boiiflE nagax6.Tw e(vm btacpogonotijoac; TOll DNA av6.flEOU one; c%o mgtmciJ-
axgt~w~ ot \6ym yw Tou~ onoCou~ m oiiyxgovm rl;ou- oac; xm ~ta\wta va :ngoobwgCoouv roue; \6youc; yta wuc;
maoTe~ agxwav va av!]ouxouv yw TlJV nogrCa Twv flEA- ono(ouc; m :ngwTOL rl;acpav(ornxav we; cpu\ij evw m oeiiTE-
\ovnxwv Touc; oxr<'>Cwv. fla TO \6yo am6 ngoon6.81]oav QOL (EAAHNEL.:) OUVEXLsOUV va unagxouv.
va xgmnoouv 6oo flJtogoiioav ~t uonxec; 6\e~ auT£c; nc; Y JtClQXOUV OTllV E:rtOXij flUe; UQXETOL avtlQUJJtOL JtOU
EQEUVE~. 0 EcplaATl]~ TWV oiiyxgovwv rl;oumaorwv agxwe arroxwotxonmoiiv Ta AgxaCa EA"-nvtx6 xELflrva, 6nwc;
flE Tl]V Eflcp6.vtal] Tl]~ Aotgoyevenxrj~, fllU~ vea~ E:rtlOTTj- rnv IAIA~A xm T'flV 0~ YL.:L.:EIA wu O~tijgou, tnv
~ll]c; JtOU UOXOAEL TaL flE Tl] flEAETl] TOU TQOJtOU ~lE TOV 8EOf0NIA xm EPfA KAI HMEPAI wu HmMou, Ta
onoCo Ta 01JQ6.vta ow~tata xm LOtaCtega o ij\toc; em- TIEPI OYPANOY, OPfANQN OPfANON tou
bgoiiv OTOU~ ~LOAO'(LXO{lc; QU8flOUc; XUL TOU~ '(EVETlXOUc; AgwtoTe\ouc; xm yevtxa rnv EHnvtxii Mu8o\oyCa:
:nagayovTe~ tou avflgcimou. Avaxa\ucp81]xr \om6v em- OPct>IKA, 0 BIOL.: TOY TIEPL.:EQL.: tou HPAKAEOYL.:
OT1lflOVtx6. OTl OL E:rtlbQaOELc; TClJV OUQi'iVlWV OWflaTClJV OTO x.o.x.
UOUVUflO flU'(Vl]TlXO mo(o T'flc; yl]c; ngoxa\oiiv acpev6c; OL avOguJJtOL auto( J[OU UJtOXCUOLXO:rtoCnoav JtOAACl
'(EVETlXE~ flETUA\6./;ELc; OTU XUTTUQU JtOU [1QLOXOVTUL OT'fl an6 Ta agxaCa en nvtx6 xECflcva, yvcngCsouv yw Tnv
btaotxaoCa T'flc; flL TWorJc; xma rn ouHn'iJTl xm acpETegou ii:nagsn :nonwv rvegy£Laxc0v "oflcpa;l.wv" o1nv xwga flUe;,
EVEQ'(OJtOlOUV xaTW a:rt6 xma\An\ec; ouvtlijxec; buvm6tn- 6ncuc; "-·X· n~Ion T'flc; Kgnrnc;. n ~Ti"-oc;, n ~wowvn, ot
tE; TOU DNA JtOU [3QLOXOVTUL OE /,av86.vouoa xmaOTCWl]. ~EA.cpo(, o Tai!ynoc;, n L.:a~wtlg6xn, n Jo;l.x6c; TO ~Cov
Ka8w~ To rvowcpegov Twv egeuvnrwv rnc; (Lc)Cmc; o ~OA.wmoc;) x.T.A. oL onoCm anoggocpoiiv xm
AOTQO'(EVETlxijc; SE<JlU'(E an6 TTl fLEAET'fl HUV Embg60EUJV xm6m v otax£ouv T'flV xoOfLLxij EVEQYELU OT'flV XWQU MAL.:
JtOU JtQOXUAOUVTUL OE UTOflLXO m(moo XUL E:rtEXTa81]XE OE XCH one; 86\aOOE~ JtOU T'flV JtEQL[}aAAOUV.
rgeuvec; em:neoou cpu\ijc; m emoTiiflOVEc; ~QEOnxav :ngo To yqov6~ am6 em[3r~mciJvETm an6 ra auranMELxta
ex:n\ijl;ewv. L.:uyxexgt~t£va EQEiivnoav w DNA cpu\ciJv cpmv6fl£Va, ta ono(a eCvm fl6vov atl]V eiixgmn negwxn
nov av£ntul;av no\mo~wii~ xm rv ouvexeCa el;acpavCmn- tou AtyaCou. Evw 6\wc; naga06l;w~, oev Ol'fl~a(vEL to
xav (INKAL.:, MAriAL.:) xa8wc; xm cpu\wv nou mLflE- Cow mC rnc; ElJQUTEQllc; mgwxf1c; TTl~ MwoyeCou. ~n\aoij,
vouv VU EJtL~LCUVOUV OT'fl btaQXELU TUJV aLCDVClJV ow Atymo rmXQUTEL UQ~lOVLx6tEQ1J xm flUXQOTEQ'fl, nrj-
(EAAHNEL.:). Km6g8woav ETOL va rvto:rt(oouv n~ OLa- OLa XUL TlflEQijma l]ALOcpcXVELU XUL 8EQflOOcpULQLXij EUQUtl-
cpogonotijoetc; TOll DNA UVaflEOU on~ oiio JtEQLJtTWOELc; fllU. ~0\0L OL EJtLOTTj~lOVEc; exouv a:rtobex8e( Ta cpm VOflEVU
xm fl6.\wta va ngooc)togCoouv touc; \6you~ yta wu~ (= yqov6ta) CiUt6., XUL O~lOAO'(l]OUV XaTCl XULQOU~ Ota
ono(ouc; OL :rtQWTOL el;acpavCmnxav we; cpu\ij eve;) m oeiiTE- EJtLOT'flflOVLK6. evtuna ("Sky and Telescope"), 6n m
QOl (EAAHNEL.:). Kat6g8woav ETOL va Evto:n(oouv nc; ~EAA'flVE~ ELXUV xm EXOUV ta LOXUQOTEQU UXEQULOTEQU KUL
 !l~i
I
'l,nt dH ')[V 'Hd;)V mnri~lDrtO 1JX1i\),31(1)01C D1 ''lC"(X iXl1'il}3i\U 9X1i\lt'('(3 01 91CD i\XlXlt8~A031'('(XlX llOlC ltq
sns::Jq~ OHV SolDriJD 53Q1J1io 10 1D1i\Oi\l;>\JriD'(1031C 1J11lD -<;J3Q1 XllO 1'(1J1C )3dJXl01D D8 'Xlllt19'(1lXldJ i\lt1 91CD lti\?riOXlO
DJ3X1o1D m:s: 'rtOlCJ031C ( ncboori9'(ll'('(D) S)AD'('(DODlC ot -llOX Dllt191C(I)08i\D lt ll01C9 ~X01C3 mri 30 '(5?1DD101l0~3 10
30 1\I}OOOdJD llOlC DlDri~wno 1JX113i\3A 91 30 llOJ03A '(V 1DX i\I}OOM3 no1e ~Xom 1\ltl 1X9) ~Xo1e3 H)[INHVV3 mri 30
ll011CI}A1V 'Slll}g1y ''(~DOOJ 'SDJXOrtO_L '50Q1J'('(3 'SDJ'(D1J li 31lll08'(5!013 Di\ D1A Dl01lc;)1i D1 1\llO'('(l;>~)rirtO lJlnD D'(O,
'SDJ'('(DJ 'SD)i\DlCOJ Sll1 J\(I)X)OlDX J\(/)1 l!ODlOI}O ~)(1131\JA jl
'ltOlti\9Q lti\011\} I}'(OlC Jri S01e91
i\ll1 D1A J\(1))3X101D llO(I)01i\?XMto ll 1Di\)3 lU(I))3rillom~y I 5DA? 5ro OW:S:O)[ NOl OVO 3:S: I3ZidC5X33 Di\ 131\DX
I'
'll0)3A003W Sll1 530<;JX mx D1Q)i\OA lJ'('(OlC All1 I}OcbXl :S:ONOJ3J Ollt1~\JmcbriDi\D Di\? D1A 1D113X901C
D1A Di\?riOQ3Q i\DXll8~101COri1DllOX '911lXl 91COXO 01 Xl1J I:,I, mx '»QJ;Yf(3 i\IU 9U» mlAOZo;nq ilOU DlDTI(\30 1,JX1TI
. 1\gl'(rtcb J\(I)J\11C<;J08i\Xl J\(1)0?10101lX J\(1)1 1DX 1\gJO(I)X N)lXXl13}, 'ill'''!I -»AilQro3.1. »l Smi\OJ,1J30ltm 'Snri lt1~i\D'(11 /\OlD 1JOQ11C3 Di\
'I
-003ri J\(1)1 SrtOX)OlDX 511010 D03ril;>i\Xl llOD1091CXl ~)(1131\JA A.Qldl3:S: D0?1DU-rLOA9V llOl D)'(O\JOJ\11XD 1\ltlD 1311?01
ll mx S<;Jenx 'Xl1Ji\5lAArtO Srt01 Q~Xl13ri ll ~QXl'(llQ '1\glO(I)X
I -1U3 DJ0110 ll 'Sltj Slt1 S~X111113'(X3 Slt1 5D)i\(I)A 5lt1 ~AD'('(D
i\(I)XXl13A003ri J\(1)1 SltoX101XlX S1to1o noJriXli\Xl
; ; "' llo1Xo
" DJmri~)Dg i\lt1 513 '•1orio91t rt01 50nrlt?XO Slt1 S~cboow
~X113i\3A ll J38010mqooOlC n,\ 131C?01C ne S<;J1C3i\ll:S: ·Snpxo Slt1 D11Jll XJl M00~1lt),Di\D Xli\ 1311}011 D8 'i}01l01i\lt'('(3 ll01
-lloe mx SnoO<;J'(I, 'Smll19X1i\83 S~X1130ocbmq nri011;> 91CD 1DX i\([)i\~'('(3 J\(1)1 '50Q1J'('(3 Slt1 lJlDX 1Di\)3 1009 10'(Q,
1D1i\I}0'(310lCXl 1\gJOroX i\101 1\gJlrtXl J01iOI18ll '(lC 10 'll11JOX '5?11ri011X3 5310111JX 30
lJ'('(OlC 30 1Xl:LJ301Xl1Q01Crt rtop.\o03W Sll1 ~X01031C H ~S,11lll0)[ 0101} )[ i\01 i\DODJOilOOD11 SOQ1J'('(3 5lt1 J01l8D10
"'01'(?A 131\0?cb '(9S,oort1N JOX1l1103'(lt1 JOX11DOX 10 D1i\90X D0300?1 9JLD 1J13W
llOl ,.D)0(1)38,. ll '0138)11\Xl O_l 'Xli\?riOQ3Q 1JX113i\3A ·rw1 oniJ1\J ow 51JQitrin03)[ ·v o 10
Xll 91CXl 1Xl13J,JOlllD01Cn i\3Q SitoXOI}O_L-rt0'(9AAOW Srto1 91CXl -lt'(JYi Smr_oo11 0)0110 i\01 m.\ 5~S,1ri10)[ '(~XlX1W 5lt11JriDl:S:
1D1i\OA1;>1DX S3i\ll'('(3, 10 119 't?J.OOOlN I),OX'J00101 llO'('(lJJ VSVN Slt1 SO'(Dib?XA3 0 1DX DriltOJ113 3Xlt8X?Q011D 01
<101 llrjWlClJ ll 'Xl131C?MO 1J1Xl)[ '5rtOXOI}O_L-Sr10'(9AAOY\) r_todln 'Sltj Slt1 5lt011C91Xl13ri Slt1 59AOA3A 01 m.\ mx S01119
SrtOl 31i i\llOi}3i\3AAil0 5Ji\ll'('(3, 10 119 5)31\XlX 13~Ja.ll1001Cil 'lli\3ri9i\ mcb D1AlJOilO D1 D1A 1;>'('(011 JrirtoJ,JO(I)i\A D031i~:S:
Xli\ 01lt9i\Xl 501)3'(31 1\Xll~ D~) 'SlJ'(Xl)[ SitOl mx 51\l;>lXlil 5rtm ·n~noaoa3 \tX10
'5rtO)i\1101D'(XlU Srto1 31'irtoo?Omcbn 1\Xl lJ'('(Xl 'rtOOQi\1;>~3'(V -mdworlo39 mx »13Al,Jdl01'(lt :ow\til3rllt mx mD\tl3 'Ito
'W ll01 1DX J\(l)g'(XXlOH J\(1)1 'J\(I)Oili\91'\{ J\(1)1 (1)0?1i -3l90XDTI mx lt03l9X1AOTIOD ~3lDOX1U3 O~D.I.1y 013:
Xlri)Xl 9X1i\lt'('(3 i\DX)3 1JX10031C 1XlX D'(l}dl 1JX1Qi\1 1J13X0Xl i\3ri 'Dli\911DX Dli\9 ('V'N'Q) DX1QC)'l)[ 9X113i\3j
mi\ '11 9 1v ·1to 9xo ~xu3'(rtcb i\lloX? '5nJov ·w
S1t1 s(I)JQ1 i\01 ~QD'(ltq Dli\I}OlOOXAilO Dl 'DOD111}X01\J 1JX113'(1lcb
'SI),OXl'( 5rtO'('(l;> 5rtm 1ri lJ'('(Xl '5rtO'('(lJJ Srto1 mx SI}O'(Xl1J 1JX11ltOi\ 'lJXDHllti\ ri '1JX1i.0JADOD11Di\D 'J\(1)301JOQ1113 1\gJX
5rto1 31'i - nmiJ?IJ Srf)Od:JD'(3 - 1JX113i\3A 531\lt '('(3, 10 -D1~D'('(D13ri mx J\(1)30<;J10'('(D 'i\<;J0001113 Di\3ri9X3Q1113 ltri

££[ llOZ Ol VdO<PVNYI!tl H)I!VO ,a, VVYWO :l:YHVOIJ :l:HdlHWHV Z£1

 ~~~
1l1

91DMtQ 1DAJ3 ul- UlD Art0A"fl8cb rtO:U: D1Q)11JTI(l)D "fl'XD1'(U D1 ArtOQI}3rlcmq "\)'('(D 'S"\)ri3 Art0(/1}3rlcmq A3Q D1U19'X11Dril-no:u:
mx SJ}ortxl-rto SJX11UAD'(:U: 10 AO'('(Jri o1o S3Jo:u:o S11 p1nx Auw "9'('(D ·,a, Srtol dt'lXI o1 ml- AI}0'(1ri rto:u: Sl}o1an
SrtOQ9103:U: SJ'X1AOOX S11 ADD11£91A3 <)JA3 'A<)JlrtD A<)J'(rtcb A(l)l 1D1AOI}3A(1)013 S}3:U:30:U:OAU'('(3 A38~Q }013'XOD 'S(l)}D£)3fi
umApcbn~3 AUl 3ri A<)JlUAD'(:U: S13DJ8 S3AJTI10X3XI-rto S11mx 'A(l)A~'('(3 A(1)1 'V'N'Q 01 }3(1(1)10'('(D DA A91DMtQ 1DA}3
A(l)<;i)'(U'X A<)J'XD1'(U A(l)l UOOD~J AUl SUO)l.C3 ADD11JXDrt~ A3Q (1),\9'( )A3Qrt0 ,:U:3 S(l):U: U~13Q9:U:D UADOl}03:U: mri u ri9XD
j j jSOAU'('(3jl01 SDX1Q<)J)J 3rirtoX; 3191 'A(l)A~'('(3 A(l)l S3£l;ncb S11o NONOW "fl'(ll'X
S9'X113A3J 0 }38(1)10'('(D DA 1))1DAI}Q A3Q }1D11- DN I" 1D'X D1Ap0rt0 D1 9:U:D 1D13XO)OO:U: O<)JXI 0 A9:U:10'( ~Q13:U:3
·S91ADII rtOl ~OAli u 1DA}3 A009 ,cb3 'S(l)pA3D 13)d = d jill ·p·x 9AD1'(1lOI AOl 'D09i-D81lll A01 'DA(l)l"fl'(Il AOl
j938 AOl 9:U:D DDJri 13~pl-u:u: 1191<;1 1DA}3 A01A<)J1V = t'J ··II 'oourio_ AOl S(l):U:9 'S01A98'(30D:U: rtOl S3AU'('(3,Srt009cbOrtii
iNHV-V3 Srtol 9 :u:n SJOOcbDAD SJ13XOD 3TirtOX) 'o<)JXI AOl D1J
01 1DAJ3 rto~ 1DA)3 01 1D)J 'I}OAOrt01riUV-ADII rtOl 1DA}3 i~3NHVV3 1o NONOW i\1\0X:,J
01 1DA}3 .. I .. o~ · .. I .. 010 13'("9f)D13 ~Q13:U:3 '01A98X =X D}O:U:O AU1 'O<)JXI o 'DJD110 DJ31J u D10~1DDO(/ 1Dl}310:U:
'I}OI-orto1riu V-ADll -ok03A3 DA DriD3'(JlO:U:D 31i 'DQ"fl'('(3 AUl %~6 pmx }301\113
ill!
rtOl 1DA)3 01 9:U:D 1D13XOJOO:U: ~Q13:U:3 9038D1D 1DA}3 = I ll010)3~ llOl SD}'(O~)OA 111{1) Su1 UODOQ}:U:3 UA01AJ H
:~QD'(UV i ·uJ ll1 uw 13~p3o
'9TI(1)13'(31 ScoXJ<i ~oo '13JO =d -U:U:3 rto:u: ll010}3~ 1101D)'(0£)0A11'XD ~ortX01 AU11D13X)q DA
:rtO:U: 'A01DA"fl8D 'A01i\C!l1D = t'J DTID3'()10:U:D Jri 'Smi U1~·\D'(:U: rtOl S~X11:U:13'('X3 Su1 SD}A(l),\
(UJ AUlD=) 'D1A98X =X Su1 ~kD'('(D u 1D13AC)JOU'('XO'(O 1)03101} 1D'X 900Z 01 9:U:V
:AUlD 13A"fl(.Jcb ilO:U: 010} '9038D10 = I 'Oll"fl'XDOD:U: 1D13A}k
:A9:U:10'( JrirtoX3, DJ3Arl uo319X1Q13 'rtopkomw Stu A<)JD'( A(l)l ·v·N·a 1w1
· rto:u:px pmrimo DA DriJ() 01 D1J jD)'X10:U:D U1D19'X1AU'('{3 AD1~ D}'(DDDDW U
nri03'(]10:U:D 3rl 'J3A38DD~3 no:u:px DJo:u:o u ·~od = Drii}30 I}OcbD 'aoJ3komw Su1 A<)JD'( A(1)1 ·v·N·a rto1 Dri?8 01 mi-
01 13~J'(ogrirtD .. ~ .. 9'X1(/1'X'(DX 01 <)JA3 'UOUA}'X UDA)D 'D}'('(DJ AUlD 1D'X D}'(Dli (1)1"9)1 AUlD S(l):U:9 'SI}OD'( SilO'('("fl
AUl 'So'(Jl S}O(l)X ~oo AUl 13~}'(ogrirto ,.(~) .. 9X1Q1X'(DX 31i 1DX ADXU81}3MJXI.ao mll19mXoD AUlD A(1)1 S3JX10:U:XJ
01 mx .,d., 9'X1A(1)1 01 'D1D1'("f>W ·~od AUl 13A<)J'(U(/ (d =) Suo S1opX "9'('(D '1ocb'(3Q"f>AD 1DAJ3 S3AU'('(3, 10 Sam MtoAX
.,(l)d., Driripol- 01 SO'(J~ 'A01A<)J1D 01 'i\00131£"\) 01 13A<)J'(UQ -pq mx '·p·x SDJA(l)'(OU 'SDJXDgon 'SD}'('(DJ 'SD}'(Dli
(t'l =) .,DI-Jrlt'J., Driripol- 0~ 'OA1~J 01 'A01A98 X 0113A<)J'(UQ Su1 mri~1D11£3ADU 3rl DJDDkoJMtD 3D 1D13~JX3ArtD ~lrtD
(X =) "1X., nriripol- o~ : .,dt'lXL, U~J'( AlU "\)OOcbD AODQ, r
DArt3oJ H ·(DQD'(H u '(pi-3W) SDnm aoJw N Su1 Sl}orio
jA91DArtQ -11()lt'(:U: Srtm 31i D13A]I-I-ao ~X113,\3I- AUl AD~13(/J Sogp'('(3
mAJ3 AV ·nA(l)l"fl'(II ADA? 'no91,n8rtii DAJ •oourio, ADAJ ll0)300fi Su1 9TIOI1()U '(:U: AOlD ADA 1kJ llO:U: S31]'(3W

>ST I IOZ OJ. VdO<l>VNVU"d H)UVO ..a, VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hdl.HWHV PSI
136 "'HMHTPH:i: f!O/\BA:i: OMA"'A "E" 0/\IKH EIIANA<I>OPA TO 2011 137

va EVEQYOJtot ~oouv xm va acpunv(oouv E~EALYftEvou<; gnv m Eft~OAta o-ra ono(a ooY]y~llYJlWV urtOXQEWttxw<;
JtUQUYOVTE£ tou EnY]VLXOU DNA JtOU £xouv TY] ouvat6- 61-.ot m EAAHNE2:. Evw aut6 ouvexCI;;ETm ax6fta xm
TY]TU va OOY]y~oouv TY] cpU A~ OE [,LLU v[a [,LEYUAELWOY] O~[,LE(JU! ! !
rtO(JELa 6mu<; xm atY]v UQXaLOTYJTU. Art6 to 1970 1-.om6v Af,LEOW£ ~tn<'i TYJ litaxon~, ~ xa1-.1mga avaotoA~, twv
nou OAOXAY]QWllY]xav ot Jt(JWTE<; [,LEAETE<; TYJ<; Aot(JPYEVE- avEAEYJtwv touTwv f3o~t~aQOLOftWV, ta MME ftE Eto~oac;,
nx~<; OXETLXU [,LE TL£ EJtLO(JUOEL£ TUJV OU(JUVL(UV OW[,LUT<UV avaxOLVWOEL<;, avaAUOEL£ xm EQ[,LY]VELE£ artOXUAU\jJav TO
oto DNA cpuf.enxwv Of,L<'ibwv OL EJttot~ftOVE<; yv<J'JQti;;av I. "otEElv,e<; ox<'ivliaf.o" 6n tn t(J6cptfta xm ta nota nou
6n an6 to 1997 ~tE TY] ouvooo TWV JtAUVY]TWV Ougavou- JtU(J~yayav ETat(JELE£ TY]£ 0Havo(a<; XC!L TOU Bef.y(ou
L'l.Ca Ott<; UQXE£ TOU Zwi)(ou TOU YliQOXOOU ~EXLVU f,LLU ~mv <'>YJAYJTYJQLUOftEVa VE lito~tvouxE£ ouo(E<;. H anox<'if.u-
JtE(JLObo<; EVEQYOJtOLYJOYJ£ yovtbCwv tou EnY]vtxou DNA 1J!11 TOU oxav/i<'iAOU autou TY]V OUYXEX(JL[,LEVY] EXEL VY] JtE(JL0-
ta Orto(a OE JtQWTY] cpUOY] (Ja AELTOUQY~OOUV OE EJtLJtEOO 00 anoli60YJXE an6 ta MME XUQLW£ otov [tEm~u HITA
acpunvtoYJ<; Twv ouveto~oewv otov En11vtx6 xwgo. Tn xm Evwft[VYJ£ EugwrtYJ<; Eftrtogtx6 n61-.qto. H liYJAYJTYJQLa-
UJtOTEAEO[,LUTa UUTWV TWV E(JEUV(JJV YVWOTOJtOt~lJY]X<XV Xat a11 aut~, 6nw<; xm 11 [tE "8avatY]cp6QE<; xm xaQXtvoy6ve<;
OTU XEVTQ<X TWV E~OUOL<XOTCOV JtOU UJtO TOTE ~EXL VY]O<XV (xm 6xt ~t6vo) XllftLXE£ ouoCe<; qm6no11 twv tgocpCwov
£vav <XVYJAE~ rt6AEftO ftE oxon6 va avax61jJouv f,LE x<'illE Xat JtotWV" E(Jf,LY]VEUTY]XE W£ "cpumx~", OLOTL, ELJtUV, OL
[,LEOO TY]V JtOQELU TWV E~EAL~EWV UUTQJV. ITQWT<X-JtQWTU OUOLEc; <lUTE£ XQYJOL[,LOJtOL~lJY]XUV Jt(JOXEL[,LEVOU OL EUQW-
XQYJ[,L<XTOOOTTJOUV TO JtQOY(JU~t[,LU nv(Jgwmvou yov6TUJtOU Jta"iXE£ TQOcportaQUY<DytXE£ ETULQELEc; va [,LUQJOOUV TO
(HUMAN GENOME PROJECT) xm OYJftLOUQYYJOav YJAE- x6oto<; nngaywy~<; Touc; xm f,LE nut6 tov t(J6rto va
Xt(JOVtxou<; C!JtOXWOLXOJtOLY]TE<; TWV yovto(wv yta va [,LEAE- y( vouv, acpev6<; nvmywvwnx€<; twv OftOLOJtUQaywywv
T~OOUV OE ~Cillo<; TY]V JtEQLJtTWOY]. 'Etm avaxaAu\jJUV Ott tou<; on<; HITA, acpETegou va au~~oouv ta XEQOYJ touc;.
XQYJOL[tortotwvta<; [tEtnnay[t£va TQ6cpt[ta an6 m ono(a o H ftOAUVOYJ tYJ<; TQOcptx~<; af.uo(oa<;, nAA<'i xm ta ane-
av8Qwmvo<; OQYUVta[t6<; Jt<XLQVEL n<; f)<'ioa<; nou xga<'ii;;E- rt<'iAAYJAa rtA~YftatU xat<'i TYJ<; LEQ~Ca<; f,LE rtUQUTLOftOQLO-
tm yta to OXYJftUTLOftO Tou DNA lla [trtogouonv va ava- cp6QE£, Tt taVtO[,LOQLOcpO(JEc; XOL ygacptnO[,LO(JtocpO(JEc; ~O[,L­
x6\j!ouv EV [,LEQEL TY]V EVEQYOJtOLY]OY] nov EJtL[taXWV yovt- f3E<;, OcpELAETOL OTY]V JtQOOJt<'i8Eta TWV UJtOX80VLWV UV8(l<D-
OLWV. Aut6<; £Cvm o 1-.6yo<; nou txouv xmnxf.uotEC m JtO[,LOQcpWV OVTWV va XUQWQX~001JV EJtL TOU JtAUV~TY]
ayoQ£<; f,LE ftEtanay[trva t(J6cpt[ta xm Etotx<'i u~gCota nou acpavC(;;ovta<; roue; 'EU YJVE£ xm touc; I1EAaoyoy6vou<;
XQYJOL[LOrtmouvtm on<; yEw(Jytx€<; xantEQYELE£. f,LETaAA<'iooovtac; TOV ~LOAOytx6 TOU£ xwlitxa XOL E~O!-lOL­
To XELQOTE(JO 61-.wv cCvm 6n ErtEL<'>~ yvli:>Qti;;av TYJV WVOVtac; aut6v ftE -rov btx6 touc; o onoCo<; otYJQLsETm
EAEUOY] TWV "El.JiiAON" ana xm TY]V avayEVVY]OY] TWV atYJ<; XYJ[ttxe<; evwon<; tou rtU(Jt tCou, evw Twv En~vwv xm
En~vwv /ita ftEOW tou D .N .A. ACyo ftEt<'i to 20 11 ecpeu- -rwv I1Ef.aoyoy6vwv otYJQLsETm a' aut€<; tou <'iv8Qaxa.
 II

OMALi.A "E" OJ\IKH EITANM>OPA TO 2011 139

138 Li.HMHTPHI f!OJ\BAI

At;G~£L va avmv£gw 6n 11 yEwgyo-XTY]VOTQOcpLx~ Jtagayol- t]!tUtinliu B. LV[tcpwva ftE m 6oa fLEta668Y]XO.V aJt6 TO.
y~ TY]£ Kg~TY]£, OltW£ xm TY]£ 1JJtOAOL1tY]£ Enaoac;, EsO.Q- MME, o unougy6£ YyECac; Bernard Kouchner, av~yyalcE
n'nm JtAEOV O.JtO TOU£ EWO.YO[tEVOU£ aJt6 TO loga~A xm OTL OL E[t('\OALctO[tOL yw TY]V Y]Jl:ctTLTL<)O. B OTct[tO.TOVV,
TY]v OUavC\(a u0gL6Laxoii£ oJt6Q011£ xaElw£ xm Ta Es xa8c0£ unagxouv f3amrtm cp60m 6n TO Ert06ho [tJtoQEL va
auTwv mLOll£ Eway6[tEVa lcmaortma xm cp11TOcpaQftO.Xct. JLQOXO.AEOEL VEUQOAO'(LXE<; 1\Lo.TO.QO.XE<; xm ELOLXOTEQO.
flct T011£ AOyOU£ Jt011 EV OUVTO[tlO. CXVO.cpEQflY]XO.V JtO.QO.- LXA~QUVOY] XctTG IIIcaxuc;! ITQOXELTUL yw [llct xg6vw,
JtUVW 0 X. C!>011QUXY]£, EXO.VE EXXAY]OY] OT011c;'EUY]VE£, autogyooY] (liY]Icctli~ ocv ngoxalcc(Tm an6 EswTEQLXOV£
X11QLW£ TOU<; YEWQYOi)c; Xm T011£ Xo.TOLXOUVTE£ OTY]V EJtO.Q- nagayovtE£ - OY][Ltaugyd Tm an6 Tov Cota TOV ogyavwrt6)
XLO., OJtW<; ctQXL0011V Xm EVTO.TLXOJtOL~OOUV TY]V XO.AALEQ- VEUQOAOyLX~ Jtat)Y]OY], Jl:Oll OliY]yrL OTY]V O.VO.JLY]Qlct Xal OTO
yna, Jtagaywy~ xm aJto8~xE1IOY] cp11mxc11v oJt6gwv xY]JtE11- flavuto. H O.XQL()~£ (xm JLQOOEY[LEVY] ... ) EXcpQctOY] TOU
nxwv, DllftllTQLctxwv xm cputwv, xuflciic; xm yEwgyLxwv UJtOUQYOV ~TO.V OTL "liEV [LJtOQEL VO. ctJLOXAELOflE( OTL TO
EQYO.AELWV Jt011 1\Ev XQELU~ovtm JtETQEAmO xm Y]AEXTQLXO E[L[)OALO (Ja [tl10QOUOE va cpEQEL OTY]V EmcpaVELO. ~ Vet OLEU-
XOAUVEL TY]V EXO~AulOY] l1Q00AY]fLUTWV TOU XEVTQLXOU VEU-
'I~

QE{'[tct yLa va XQllOL~LOJtOLY]floiiv. T11v EXAY]Oll aut~ 11JtO-

, " 11
f3aA1cw (xm qc0) xa86n dvm OXE06v 0£0mo 6n TO. yvw- QLXOU OUOTY][LO.TO<; .
ota Xm "ayvwata" [tWEAAY]VLXU xm ctVflEAAY]VLXU LEQO.- AUa, Ta Cow axgL0w£ mmxECa xgCfl11xav un6 wu£
TELO. xm xevtga exouv ngoygartrtmCoa xm £cpagrt6~ow ' ! uvT(oTmxouc;'EiclcY]VEc; 11JLE1ifluvouc; W£ Vll magx~ xm to
~1\Y], OXL [tOVOV TY]V mpogCuv TY]£ EAAY]VLX~c; Yllc;, 1c6yw aou- rtQOYQ«!l!lU autrov twv f!!~OALUO'!!WV O'tlJV EJ.I.Uiia
VO.[tLO.£ Jl:O.QctYWY~£ TWV 110QLOLO.XcllV OJLOQWV, aA)ca xm uuvrxi~ftUl XUVOVlXU! Iiivcpwva O[tW<; [LE agflgo !tOU
TY]V "XQUOTGAAWOY]" TWV EUcpOQWV EAAY]VLXWV Jt£1\La/\wv OY]ftOOLEVTY]XE otll Le Monde, uJt~gt;av agxETE£ aJtobd-
xm rt6.1cwTa TY]£ Max£oovCuc;. sELc; OE <%0 TOUAGXLOTOV JtEQLOTO.HXG, OTO. OJLOLO. TO
IIg6.yrtan, we; Emx86vta ov vLwflw £vTOv11 tY]v gon~ ~LxaoT~QLO Tll£ NavOY]£ aJtocpamoE 6n un~QXE umpJ1~
TY]£ EX TY]£ xeov6£ avaxwg~OEW£ [tOU. ECvm O.VO.[tcpLoP~TY]­ uuvliWt] tOU £!l~0At01J XUl tt]~ f!!(jlUVWt]~ tt]~ VfllQO-
TO yqov6£ 6n EVW 11 gon~ aun] ogC~EL xm xaflogC~EL 61ca /.oyLXll~ avt!l~ vouov.
Tct EJLL TY]£ xflov6c; 0~ftO.Ta [tOU, bEY YVWQL~W TOV To Efl061cLo ELXE nagaoxEuamd aJt6 Tll cpO.QflO.XEUTLX~
Xg6vo-Xwgo, ~TOL TOV ctOTEQW[tO ~ TO GOTQO 6nou TEAL- EtaLQELO. Smith Beecham, an6 tY]V ono(a xm ~11T~fl11XE to
xu flo. [tETapw. H fLEta0cw~ fLOU aut~ OTO ayvwoTO EAJtL~W noo6 twv 23.000 oolcagCwv. AlleY] flLO. JtO.QOftOW un68eo11
va ECvm nolcii oiivTOftll, cpuoLxa ftE Ta Emx86vw EXXQE[tEL EVO.VtLOV tY]<; (jlO.QflO.XEUTLX~£ ETaLQELO.<; Pasteur-
XQOV0-XWQLXCi JLEQLflWQLO.. Merieux, JtOU :rwgay£L eva avtCotOLXO Efl06ho.
IIg6ocpaTa 11 Ku0EQVY]OY] TY]£ rancac; anocpaowE vu H un6cpao11 tY]c; falcACac; va otaflat~o£L Touc; EflPolcLct-
lilUXOlj!Et to rq~OYQU!l!-LU t!OV f!l~OAlUO'!lOOV ym tt]V ortoiic; yLu tY]V Y]JtatCnoa B, ELXE we; artot£1cwrta va
 '''"'.-

-ODOl.C l)'(IH(H\ 3li Smi JJOC)JX IUD 11JX AOJ'(l.C 11Jli\0~9'riOJJdl3 -riJJOA901C., 01 119 9031\Dib 1D13AJI- 9riOll1Dll'(l£0'('(0ll 9'(1£0
(l01C '5ltDllJ01COri1AOA 5~1llAX31 10\?0G?ri 5300ibl)1\? i\(lOi\ J\? AlJA;J 3rl 'Sj!riXDO\? OO~·z S11 )031£ 1lli\)3 DJ3XmioJJib l)X1A
Drill'(£f901C OlD UDI_\'( llj, ·SllollJOlWi\XJl Drill'(g901C A(l0~ -ll'('(J m 91.e0 ~X10QAOX lao SltD9\? 3EJl)X Sll1 Sl)OOAJJ Sow9x
-)1C(l)l3ri11AJJ DJX1'(ll llri1A9A 3D 11Jli\OXDJOg (l01C lJ10l)A(l3~ 01 AlJlQ_ jOA«;JiJJ( AO:J. A0ll"{O~tl3 513D')>(/ mO(ltltlO:I.DX3
z
0 l mo -I S(l)l£ 11J13~JAO'(Ol£(l orlo9x 9X1l(l v 010 llq~ mx OS£ ll0l£1031C m:J.AO~"I,JBiJX 'rrorlD?)[ ao:1.10l ao:1. 5JiJ«?X
AC)JX1lJA(lA A(l)l Smll1901310 SnDf!lll.C1031C 10 mlAOAlJ~"JJ SUD OA«;Jtl - OHM lll 3rl l)i\(l)dJlil}D - 119 J3EJ0l13rlllD Oi\
'JJ'(ll'('(l)ODU ·LtoArt'(9rl ~X11AO'('(Dg1031C ll mx S~(l)~ Sol£ 131C;J01£ oe 'a oq11 JlDl!lt All1 mk l}Oriom'(ogti3 Sowrlrll)OA
-901 SoAooXI-l}D o 'm'(9grl3 m 'mA9).001C DA;JriAJJ'(JJBrl m -001£ (l01 OJDOrilto lt ~1ltOi\llllJX 0031l}'(OX 131\)A Oi\ 01J
J38U101COXOA3 i\(lOX;J i\(l)'('(l) r)~lJ131i l)'('(JJ 'JJlD(l)AAl) ArtOA}li .AJJXDJJlC;J OJOlCO i\01 9ll0 l}OriOli\DA
-JJOJJlC lJll)JJ ~g10XJJ DJ, ···13tl<J3'(X3 nX;J JJA J3001Cli DriO;JlCD .,
DJ3lWOJ(J 5(1) 'SDJ'('(OJ Sll1 SJXOJJ SJxTrlOA01JArt Su 91£ll
o1 o~oz So19 o1 1oX;Jrl 119 •10M} \lA 1x (l01 JJA(l)\?C)JX Am i !I''i1
llA9riilo ~xnll~"o ltA;JliD(l'(01i 3Xltfl9\? S"01 AD19 '1)1\?llll.C
I
MOI,)OOX 53AOri~1011.C3 10 'JJ01;Jrl Al}08ibll'( A3\? AD 1D)l i%Z Ov i\lJi\llt);Jl£ 08. (lOl DJ13DX3\? lt1 119 J38DDX3~ mi9XlJ 13X;J
1 11•
l)1DX m1JAC)J13ti 530I)lX S;JX1AJJXllrl01g S11o Sowrlo;Jl.CO (l01
,1:
;I' i\3\? 'AO;J'(ll11Ctl ·smqBd 1U;JlnB! 0 '59A0i\01C(l8(l)0ll SOA;J
H
mll19001C ll OA90X 38l)X 119 JJOllt)l)XJ~ M\OAXJ3\? 9X103l(l)~3 mx JOI.O(l01C(l Ol}\? l)X1HlnX1\? i\I}OEJXIlll\1 Oi\ 1llX 101C(l)0(Ji\l)
ow 13AJA A(lOX;J (l01C 53A(l30;J 5T'{l)A3W "JJriO;JlCO ... 01 .,S;JA I'
I oo~ 91.eo 11li\l)l£ i\(toi\1)831£ oi\ orlo3'(;J101£o 1r1 'sarv
91£0
'
-3riJJ~3\?., S311i09XAllll S11 91Cll l)1'(lllD l)1'(lllD 13<)30313: OAJriD(l'(01i nriJo 3Xllfl9\? SnOJOl!O Snmo 'AC)JX1'(1iborlm Al1l1
"1ll:J.AO~"I,J1"{0~ti3 l\OlC Al!ldl30~ ,\!1)1. 0:1. O'(OQAl)XO 01 mx owibo901£ l)X113XD mA)3 Sc;Jenx 'DJ31-n
-DA"I,JO 0:1. mx mi«;JXD AllOD\I"{DXOOll DA \t 5313A01.1.30l)).l mo91illq ll1 3rl ltD;iXD 3D ~1rto DOC)JX llw D11£ nXOl)l£rt rtOl£
510D~OD All0'X1DA 13001Crl m"{?~ti3 l)]. ll1\?J ll1119 '1DAJ3 S~Xoooill£ mx 5DJDI1(JD1D(l3 Sll0319X1A3k Smrl DriD3'(Jl01£D
5;JX1ib001DlllllX l)OlJlC 0'('(1) 3Hl)X 119 l))( OtlD«;JX OAOOXA(\D 01 llli\)3 IJA J300J.Crl SO)'('(llJ Sll1 Sopi-A. l}OAO(lOJm (l01
O:J.D 5t3DI!l:I.1C11l3 510D~OD All0'X1 A3(/ 5313A10DD 51X1:1. lloodl91£llll119 llri9xo 3Xlt(JXJOltlOOl£A_ ("·So10lll)X 13D~Oll1
-l)tlDll"{Otl 5303:1.«;JDD1031l10 ·X·l.C 5011£9 '53l3EJ~'(ll S;JlD(l)i\A -OOlll£ OA 3Dl}OcJollriD(J '13D;J8 13XJ OHM lt Smrl9 1\01£) Sm
JJ03lr)O(l3 1ll1AOAJA JJA MO~JXoJJ AOJ'(l.C DilJrl~o '101/:L -lt19X11miD3'(Jl01£ll lXJx Sm3'{l)ibon S;Jibool.mqoCll£ Su 53'(9
···i\0101Xl)'("01mA«;JOX D:J.A\tA31C DA3tl«;J1C3 ')'Jlm,\. 13X;J 01'(9grl3 01 119 3~10~1D01£(l IWC0Al)A00 ll 'mi9X\i
5D<!"I,J"t"t3 Slu «;JtlD1AO"{Oll~OOll ow\tu AO:J.D pXtowu<~.n . .
... lJcJ131i 0)(
119 313D~O(l)3(J )Ji\ J3XOJJ 'l}01(llJ l}ODOlC ll01 S0(:)3A;Jrl 01 -1riOA013A(l l)XllllOx lllD ltAl}001011£rl3 13XJ lli\ 13D~mrlmo
31J3(Jibll'(11i\JJ JJA mJ jOA«;JOX 0:1. 51rlJ(niJq mO(ltltlO:J.'IlX3 D(J Sorlo9x o mx pemortxo JJA ~ 13o~ono"eox DA A9AllEJ11C
51X"I,JO:I.3:1. DA1 OlD 1)11\0X 00)~1 3rl Sl)OOAD SmriD9XAJJ1C rtOJ'(Ogrl3 i\OA;Jri10X3XA(l0 rtOl llolll-~ooX ~X1111l30X01£(l
Smrl ll~Olll.Cl} i\U1 3rl 11J13~J13XO "a D\?11 J1D1Cll All1 lJ1A 91iO ll o13Ail;JA3 010191 mrl 3rl 119 SmAOA;J'( '(OHM) SopAJ;.
-lJ1'(0grl3 9X11(l)30X01C(l 011iD9XA01C i\01 ll1A OHM Sll1 Drl llomAl)AOO mrlo9xAnu ll Sll1 OJX"ollAo All1 13Dl)Oibx3

ltl 1 TOZ Oct VdO<PVNVIEI H)IIVO .. 3:, VVVWO :S:VHVOIJ :S:HdcLHWH\7 Otl

,li
 ![I
11
ii•'
142 L>.HMHTPHL: riOi\BAI ,q
OMAi\A "E" Oi\IKH EITANA<I>OPA TO 2011 143
I'I
ora E:n ruxCa~. L:t11v xc!Jga ~w~ rraga ta E~B6;\.ta xm ta .II
H tQLT11 ortaba ocvag(wv oxnCt;nm flE 111 XOQ~Y11011
~ETa;\.ay~£va, ta Jt00001U c'\cv ELVaL UVllOUXllTLXa EVW OL c~BoACwv roc; ftE<Jo I'Aryzou Tov rtA fJ8V<JflOU Tl]c; yl]c;.
'EAAllVE~ EVOELKvunaL 6n i'zouv ouva16 orr£g~ta!!! IJg6KEL Tat yta E~B6ha J!OU XOQ11YOUVTaL OE OU)'XEKQL[lE-
TYXAIO KAI A YTO!!! VOU~ AUOU~ ~ OE OU)'KEXQL~LEVE~ XOL VWVLXE~ O~a/iE~ Xat
H EmBo;\.~ 111~ urroxgEwnx~~ XOQ~Y11011~ 1wv qtBo;\.(wv oo11youv OE £;\.cyzo tol' agtO~ou tou~, rrgoxEL~£vou va
arr6 TL~ EJtl011~E~ UQXE~ 1WV "rro;\.L TLO~EVWV" X(lUTWV, EJtLtEUX0EL 11 1iLat~Q11011 [lta~ ata8£g~~ agL8~11TLX~~ OXE-
~tav cpumx6 va rrgoKa;\.€on rua octga arr6 oul:;111~ow:: yLa 011<; avg~EOa OW ~EA11 ~La~ KOLVCllVLX~~ elite [LE za~L11AOU<;
rrt8ava ocvagta ouvuJ~omcilv rrou KQuf3ov1m rr(ow arr6 111 gu8voi:l~ rr;\.118uoruax~~ aus11o11c; xm ow ~EA11 111~ non-
XOQ~Yll011 qtf3o;\.(wv. 06oo [ta;\.Aov 61av 11 XOQ~Yl1011 aut~ elite, rrou €xn ~La 16.011 yLa ~cya;\. utEgmJ~ agL8~ou~ yEv-
EmB;\.~811X£ "Baowrt€vll" arr;\.w~ on~ rrgoB;\.bjJEL~ ~ta~ v~ocmv.
8Ewg(a~ Kat xwgCc; 111v J!A~Q11 1EX~L11QLW011 1ou 6rrowu TE;\.o~, 11 t£tagt11 o~aoa oEvagCmv ouoxnCl:;EL 111 xog~­
OqJEAOU<; UU1U J!QOOCpEQOUV, ~ 111 ~EAET11 TWV XLVOUVCOV Y11011 TCOV E~Bo;\.(cov ~E 111V avaJttUs11 OJ!A(l)V J!OAE~OU,
rrou 011~wugyouv yLa t11V uyEia twv rro;\.mbv touc;. Km Bto;\.oyLxo1J EvavtCov tcov En~vcov!!! 0 fENETIKOL.:
~UAWta, 01UV 10 ~LEOO "EJILXOLVCOVLU<;" J!OU EJILAEX011KE A<PANIL:MOL: IIPIN TO 2011!!!
yta 111v urroo1~QLsll Km 111 btaboo~ 111~. ~tav 11 lil]fttoug- Av Kat OAOL CXOll[lE wBoALU01EL ~E non& E~B6ALU (!)~
ylu Evoc; XAtftUToc; (jlO~ou xm nuvtxot\ ••• JtaLOLU, 11 OUOT11~UTLK~ XOQ~Yl1011 TCOV EflBOALCOV OE EV~AL­
Tcx Bamxa OEV6Qw ~mogouv va KatawxOo1Jv OE 1EO- KE<; ELVOL YEVLX6 J!EQLOQLO~EVll Kat )'LVETOL OE OU)'KEXQL[LE-
OEQL~ Oft(tiSE~ 1JJ!08EOHov: VE~ [LOVOV J!EQLJ!TCllOEL~, OJ!W<; )'LU J!UQUOEL y~a XU1U 111
IIgonov, fLE 1a urrozgEconx(x E~f36;\.ta no6yovwL cno c)L6.QXELU OQWflEVCOV EJtLll11~llClJV ~ J!QLV aJ!O tasLOLa OE
avflgwm vo ac!Jrw xcinotEc; ouo l£c; ~ nugciyovnc; nov xwgcc; fLE xa~11;\.6 mCrrEoo uymv~c; Km, EJ!o~£vwc;, flE
l'lvut buvuTov vu xunu8uvouv ~ vu I'Aiyl;ovv Tl]v aus11flEV11 m8av6t11TU yLa 111V EKO~AW011 EVTEQLKWV UAAU
uvegwntvtl <Jl'fl1ti'QtCpogci. KaL &ncov ;\.m~cill;Emv. Yrragxouv B€Bata Km ot vEOCJu;\.-
Ll.EU1EQOV, [LE TU 1JJ!OXQEWTLX6 qtB6;\.ta cwayov1m 010 AEX10L tou otgmou. L.:£ auwuc; yCvovtm Kata CJUOtll~a
avOgcilJ!LVO ow~a x(xrrota ~txg6Bta ~ LOL, Ka(-Jc!J<; }(((L EflflOALUO~OL )'La ~La O[LUOU rra8~0EWV J!OU ~J!O[lOUV Va
K6J!OLE<; to(;LXE~ OliOLE~, ~LE 01JVEJ!ELa va J!UQOUOL6l:;ovmt JtQOKUAECJOUV EJIL011~L£<;, ava;\.oya ~E 111V J!EQLOX~ OJ!OU
~Et(x arr6 flEQLXU XQOVLCt 010V av8gcorro J!OU qtfloALU0011- JtQOKEL tat va 1JJ!11QET~CJOUV.
)(E ~La OELQ(x arr6 XQOVLE<; rroJ)~OEL~, l] UV'tlftETW1ti<Jl] H XOQ~Y11011 E~Bo),(cov OE EV~ALXE<; EXEL OUCJXETL08E(
Trov onolrov I'SU<J(jluAi!;u nc; rtroA~ouc; xm TU XEQI>l] )'EVLKU ~E 111V UllSl]ftEVl] <Jlly_VO'tl]TU UVI'1tt8Ufll]TWV
TWV fli'YUAWV (jlUQftUXI'lJTIXWV I'TUIQI'IWV, 01JYXEKQL[LE- uvnbgaoErov. fw rragabuy~a, 6tav 11 xoQ~Y11011 tou
Vll~ 01JV~8cu~ L1iLOKT110LU~. E~BOALOU 111<; EQU0Q6.<; y( VETCH OE JlatDLU, ~JtOQEL va J!QO-
'9X1lil8DlC010riO 3ri l):\1 '91<1<;>13 130\l-OOci:JO'{XrLX ilq\l- MlOX~ -;nirc3\jn<lg rco1 S13<~91CD Suo 1m3~JDDg 'll\1'9'{'{3 A.illD ilA.}ri
'·v-rrH 5no '9X1031(1)~3 ow IJ01\/1~Dl 591\3 \l- 5DJrillq11CJ -0\13\1"01\1 S(1)}0fl3 1Di\)3 <101C 'S~X11il8DlC010riQ \l-'{OXO H
5mri D13X0'91\/ ill '91DX 5<r>lC9 '5J3A.DX 130\l-lD<rJoon D"- 5oA. "D\1'9'{'{ 3 llJDXo\{ A.illD Sill S3~0
-rL\1"-JX 5oA.~riil~rcn 13Xo'91CrL rLOlC 5rcoq9103JL 10 "-IJO(]ci:Jil'{ D"- S11 13X} D)\/i\OlCOOriQ il 119 J3(](1)131iilo Di\ 13~J~D AOJJ'{O\Jri3
1m1
"-IJOOOlCri DXDri0'9ci:J '9X11il8DlC0101iO D1 XJ1D1'{"~lli 5()l(]D)I i\(1)1 LlO\l-OX LllD S313(])li\XJ SOJJ3'{3l 1Di\)3 S~x1lil(]D010riQ
.MlJ30\l-(]DlC i\(1)101C'9X ilcjlil'{901C i\ill mi-. i\OJJ'{0\)1i3 i\(1)1 SnoXo S30319D01031C 10 'S\l-xnil(]lllC010riQ Sill
Lloill-.\l-oOX ill 91CD \l-X1lXJri03'{3101CXJ 011C 1XJX ~l rLOOJ~3 1Di\)3 i\()JXon i\()JX1DDg i\OJl uri-\13\/'90D1C Sco J38il10lCOri10ili'lX 13X}
i\(l)X'9riOXJci:J i\()JX11il(]DlC010riO ilOllk\l-OOX il 'UO)lBZ)UnWWI D1'{9\Jri3 lll 3ri 5LlOLlJ01COOOi\Xl Sill \l-X11Xll01C il 1XJX i\\{
Ol sgAJ)Btllgl]\{ J)lj)BdogwOH JO :>IOOqpUBH \{ 'Sij.W;) "S ·s\l-x1ow1 S\l-X1liltJn1Co1orio Sil1 ilo~ox ilmA.J3
rLOl OJ'{\)1\J OlD 1XJli\0~'910rLOoXJJ: rLOJL S31}'{31i SJX1k0'{01ri S}lili\<1303 51J013XOXJ 91lD 1Dl3i\)31001C rLOlC ilOI}'{ D1W ~SOli\
I
-il\111£3 S31Dci:J0901C 91CD DJ3X10l0 3ri XJM1Jci:J1ii}O 'Dri9X\f -98'{30lllC rLOl 51Joriom'{o\)ri3 Sn01 91CD 138'{}001£ MOX}
i%1:: Oi\9ri A.Dl\l- i\<rl1'9i\Xl(] 9l00001C Oi\}ri lli\ J3001Cri S130'9<l\/11C3 S;m11ili\oXJ S3101C9 511 rLOl (l)i\'91£3
IJJI,
-OJ1oilrix31 01 ··v-u·H Suo 1191 A.XJXo\l-lC<'l rcolC nprioxoooi\ 130p1013ri Di\ 1XJ){ ~ '1JOriOD1'{0\Jri3 591\3 S130()111C11C3 5)XDX
,,
'9XULl(]DlC0101iO XJ1 •\XJXil(]<}3101.t:1i3 Src009 30 ()li\3 '%09 5(1)} ii' S11 13-\l}ci:JOlCll lli\ mk "-91£10'{ 5)31\XJX 13i\'9X lli\ J3001Cli \L
II, ·5illCJOk Smri S}XO'{lC11C3 S}A.Dfl11C
%8t 91CD "-XJ19,\1minx 'S\l-x1omr SilriilOJ1C3 3191 Sil1 DJ3ri !J

-OXOOOi\ DlO i\XJXil(]l}3'{ilOOi\ Sfl009 30 DD3ri'9i\Xl MYJ1'9i\DO Su mk I}OriDrL8il'{lC nm no'{pci:J3XA3 iloiJ '{lC 1 "iloOJO}riili\3"
91DOD01C 01 '6t81 01 "V"Uli Sno il\J)"-'10 nolC SXJO)'{OX ~X113XO il'{il'{'{ymx A.ill 91CD 9131i 'SillCJOk Sill 01'{9\Jri3
DJriilqnn A.illO 119 mno}dmi\XJ 'i\tpudogwoH ilupgAOJSIQ 01 1ll"-J3 SnJ~OrL3 J380\/D1\/ 13X} nolC OA.J3X3 ''9lrLXJ D1'{9\Jri3
'·uuwnn rco1 on010 ow 'mik 13\/'90D1C mJ · MD30\l-8DlC m 91£\f ·53o()JX S}X11CO<ll 10 Sn<;nq1~m 30 mx i\()113 31"-~lC
i\()JX11Dri Orl '{Ori i\(1)1 Llcjlil '{901£ 1DX ilO llC()llJri1li\ ll i\LllO mA.\l-~3 i\(1)1 OJ"-'9 mimy Di\}riOJm1'{il 30 '5iloa3X09riDl3ri
\l-X101Dl ilriilOJ1C3 i\Lll 91CD \l-X11Dri03'{3101!XJ 00319001031! iloilopX-\3 131\YX i\rLOX} rlOlC 5ao1Ct;JO(]i\D 30 'AIH SJ3<loci:J
1Di\)3 1Di\)3 \l-X11il8DlC0101iQ il 'SIJOX11il8DlC0101iO SrLOl 91CD 30 50llC9 'i\OJXJ'{ili\3 i\Ol\/YriO Mlli\31i0100 I}OriOXJ1'{0\Jri3
1Dli\0~'910rLOODlC rLOlC npX1010 '91<100101 m il0'9\J.)lW 1JOX11llriilwao D138'91C0001C 1"0131\ Jk 'S(l)li\'91£ DJD1rl3'{3.l
· "-IJ08•10'{0XllOlllC Srcm rLOlC J6om1k ·no1 \l-oilk\l-ooX il1 mk S13~J3\/
JOX1lil(]Dl!01orio 10 ArL0~'91DrLo<ln1C Srco1 rLOlC S13D}8 Suo -i\311\D Su 91CD nni J3'{3lOlCD DJX1'{il D1i\9oX '911£3 m 91CD
10i\3ri9~1DD\J 'SrLOl '91\/1DlC Xll i\rl00'91'{0tjri3 i\il1i lli\ MOI- il<l3li}'{XJ-\3ri il <101C 'rlOi\'9131 1XJ){ illi}XXOX 'SD\/11J03(]ci:J1\/
-}'{11£3 'Snpkn mnri\l-'{\JOOlC molCpX mk ~xuil8DlC0101iQ 01'{9\Jri3 9'{1£101 01 3rirlOO}ci:Jlli\ll D8 SilOJ1C3 .i\i}08DD1'{0\)ri3
MOi\'9X rLOlC S3X1'{~i\3 J013XOXJ '1013, "S3X1'{~i\3 ne nolC i\()JX1Di\rLk i\(1)1 %OZ-Z1 ow ll\/11JO(]OD J3'{DX001C
\l- '91\/lDlC 30 i\OJJ'{o\)ri3 "-"ll iloilk~<ooX il1o \l-X11ilA.on SilDJ1C3 'ili\I}OOrirLX-\3 D11i 91CD i\101£ '53XJDA.rL-\ S3X1'{\l-A.3 30 1ll13A.Jk
1Di\ )3 1XJX DX'{IJ08<1H . J '{31Cli9N 9X11XD'{'{Di\3 01 3ri <101\ 50Jri9 i\lllQ_ . %\:.: f\01CJ031C 91D0001C 30 ll\111J080D 130}'{DX

>tl llOZ Ol VdO<PVNVU3JD!IYO ..3, VVVWO :l:VHVOJJ :l:HdlHWHV ttl

146 "'HMHTPH:L riOABA:L OMA"'A "E" OAIKH EIIANA<l>OPA TO 2011 147

<jJCtQflaXa yta TT]V IT (lOA Tj\jH] t>La<jJOQWV Jta8JiCJEWV, we; EVaA- 6tmtoA.oyCo1l. Am6 flltOQEL va ngoxaMCJEt an6 ~:mxiv­
A.axnxa Twv avTCmmxwv Efl0oA.Cwv! TeA.oc;, TJ 0flOLOJta- oun~ UAAEQytE~ £we; CiltQOBAEJttE<; }(( av~:;H~:yxt~:~
8nnxii exa va cmi\ECt;u Em-ruxCcc; CJ<TJV avnf!ETwm GTJ Twv rtaO!lau~.
CJUVEJtElCDV aJt6 avni\QUCJH<; CJE Ef100AW, JtOU CJE flE(llXE<; IIQo'i6vta 6nwc; vtof16.ta, xanv6c;, xuA.nf!JtOXt, x.6..,
JtE(lllttWCJEl<; cp8avouv [lEXQl TTJV JtAJiQTJ 8EQClltELa TOU<;. tgononmouvTm f!E tTJV uaaywy!l yovtMwv an6 !Jaxt!l-
fta TTJV OflOlOJW8Tjnxii, xa8E qt06A.w avnngomllJtEUEl QIU xm wu~, JtQOXELf!EV01l vn ELVm nv8£xnx6. CJtn uvtt-
xm evav nagayovta Jtot' !lrtOQEi va rtQoxa/.tau !ll« Btonx.Ci. «!lrttxtAtvt], xava!tUXtVt], VW!tUXtVt] x.A.n.
<JUQU art6 naO!lau~. 2:uwpwvc1 fl£ nc; Ci\tEc; agxec; tTJc; ECvat,;;:L8av6v, Of!W<;, ta COw BaxTiiQta va !!Et«!(JEQOouv
Of!owna8nnxiic; 6flwc;, x<ie£ w06A.w f!JtOQEL va xawmd !1E<JW tt]~ tQO!(Jll~ atov uvOQwrto, xu8wtciJVtnc; avuno-
xm €va Of!OlOJta(-lnnx6 cp<ig[!axo, f!E TTJV xat6.AATJATJ tEAECJ[lClnxii tTJ XQiiGTJ uvnBwnxwv CJnc; 8EQC!JtELEc; t01l.
XOQJiYTJClTj 10U OJWLOU flJtOQOUV va aVHf!ETWITW(Jouv Ol 'Hc'lTJ, ta 0nxt"figw t't]<; lp1lflaTLWCJ't]<; Jt01l aVtlf!ETWJtLt,o-
JtEQlCJCJOTEQEc; ii xm OAE<; Ol 0A.njlEQE<; CJUVEJtEtE<; Jt01l nut6 vtm ftE xava!tUXtVt], EX01lV avantl!l;et avtox!l CJTn nvtt-
Jt(!OXUAECJE, 6tav XOQTJYJiliTJXE UQXLXU, CJU[tcpwva flE tt<; Btonx6.. ~uv~:rtw~ ErtaVE!l!(JUVt~ovtat frtt01J!ltf~, 6rtw~
agxt:c; rnc; mCGTJflTJc; Iatgtxiic;. 1] fAOVO<Jta, rtOU EU9UVIOtiJ.l rtUAI <Jll!lfQU yta 2 EXa-
AvunA.6ywtEc; ELvm Ol CJuv[JtEL£<; un6 1TJV xmnvaA.wCJT] 'tO!l!tUQIU Oavutou~ to )(Q6vo.
Xat XC!AAlEQYEW f!EtaAAU)'f!EVWV T(!O<jJWV. 0 EJtLCJtii[!OVac; To BaxTii(!to Escherichia Coli EJtLCJ't]c; - yovC6to tou
Tt,tgqu PCcpxwc;, CJTO jlt0A.Co 1011 "0 mciJvac; tTJ<; jltotEXVO- OJtOLOU ELCJayETm CJta <jl11TU - Jt(!OXUAECJE 18 llavutou~ <Jf
A.oyCuc;", C!Va<pEQETat 01T]V "Emx(vi\uVTj f!OAUVCJT] yEVEHXOU ,:. I lartwvia xm ~xotia. H xm6.CJtaCJ't] a1ltii el;<iAA.o1l, flJtO-
". ..
TUJtOll
' : i QEL vu o6nyiiCJEt xm CJt't] O't]fll01lQYLU vtwv xm CCJwc; flO Au-
'I
ECvm ytu 10 "xatnCJTQOCPLXOTEQO XTJfltX6 onA.oCJtaCJto" !I Gf!a nXOTEQWV lWV.
Jt01J uniigt;E rrot€ CJE Bagoc; tc!lv EAA.iivwv acpou ta mgw- i I
Ilo/./.u !(JUtU tgononmol!vtm EtCJt, Jt01l tn t,tt,6.vtn ta
CJ6nga [tEwAA.ayf!EVCl 1l0QC1\ta Jt(!OE(!XOVtat aJt6 TO orcoCa tn rcgoCJ06.Uow vu xammg£cpovtm f16vo an6 to
ICJQaiiA. (!) nc; H.II.A. xm A.ty6T£QO TTJV OA.uvOCa (tuxaCu) t,Lt,avtoxt6vo -rnc; Ci\tac; Etmgdac;, n orcoCa rcagaCJxeu6.t,Et
xm to 95% autcilV m ICJQnTJA!voC 6Ev ta xmuvnA.ciJvouv xm tov CJJtOQO. 'H EW<iyovtm Cl' a1lt6. tot;CvEc;, wen£ vu
ana Ta CJTEAVOUV CJTTjV E).A<ioa!!! JtEQLEX01lV EVCJWf!CltWf!EVO EVtOf!OXt6vo. M' um6 tov
LE Ex8€CJac;, yCvE1m A.6yoc; yta TTJ [tETnBoA.ii t01' yovt- tg6no, Of!wc;, f!TCOQEL va [lOAw8E( to xwf!a xm to VEQ6,
owxou JtAOUT01l [twc; xwQuc; xm qv xat<i(!YTJGTJ twv va unaA.n8ouv t,wu, no1lA.t6., £vtorm xm n aygtu cpl!CJ't], vu
O(!LWV av<if!wa ma ELOTJ EJtLGTJc; aAA.oCwCJT] DNA. xmaCJtgacpE( 1J autoqJutj~ )(AWQtOa xm m nugaboCJwx£c;
~" rto/./.u f!EtaUnw£va TQ6<pt[W txouv Ewax8eC yovC- rcmxtA.Cec;, va urtoatd IJI.u!J~:~ o uvOQwrto~, va xata-
c'lux rt01l JtOTE OEV UJtOtEAOUCJaV flE(!O<; tOU avl1gwm V01l CJtol!v XCtTCOl(l EVTOfla Ji t,Lt,UVW, 1lJtEQUV8EXHXcX X.ATC.
 IIi

i\OlDili}\,m 1Di1J3 (VNG) 91rtD Sm:u: D101'(\)ri Smilo~Ji101 \)0 -~~31\D ii9:U:10'( 1Di\)3 i\3'\7 . J38lli-OD1DX MOX} D03ri~O \)'('(D
-odlmq i1U1 .,131\\)X., 01QJiiOI- 01 119 5DlM)JOm38 j j jMOXi}1 DQ\)'('(3 DJDXOD illllD 53iiJTIOQ3QD1<;> ilm~ rto:u: 5~x1ortori
-O:U:D Di\ ~ MOXi}13:U: Di\ .,10iljlTID11DTITIDOI-OO:U:., 1Di1J3 JOD'( 5ll1 ilmX\)TI1'(X llo~oX ll1 Jri 1DX Sm:u:9 ilm3~}'( illTlilj!TID100 ll~
10 \)X113i131- 119 1D13~JOrtXD1 DJ,\0'(01£)01ilmil10)l rt01 OJ'(£)1£) -ll'(l)1DX illllD N nwriri\)OI- rt01l)OodJoo:u: illl1 3ri 13iiJDgrioo
OlD 5llOJ:U:3 'i}OD'( 59i13 01QJiiOI- 01 3ri Di\jlTIODdlrtMO \)i\310 01QJ OJ. 'rtO'(l)dJ3Xi-3 rt01 mmirii}X D1 i\rt0~Jii01MO rtO:U:
1Di1J3 JOTI0111'(0:U: 1DX 51311\~'(111\D 53J3Xolloe mx ll1\)0X mmiOJ8303 \)X1l:u:o ili}OI-orto1rillq ilmA;pinx ilm1 ltomill-
119 131}31011£ i\OO'().rtOJ 1iiODrt01il3,5~1llM303 59i1DX103TIV -l)iiD 11ll1 '91DX 5DOO<)l'(l- S~x1illl'('(3 5ll1 DlDrii}Jii:U: m mx
0 '(1D1i\OX:jl011i\D 1DX lloll'(i}Og MOX:j rtO:U: 53i1U'('(3, 101\91 10 i\O}'(:U:1:u:3 'D013X91~.3Q 30 rtO:U:<)JOGiiD rtOAOI-91mo:u:
10 Oil9ri ilrtOO:jdlD1Qi13 5rto1) ilm:U:<)l08iiD ilm1 5lloll '(1}0£) Do13X9031010D rt01 ~O:U:001D13ri ll1 31iDXJ3 1019 mx rtO'(\)dJ
5ll1 9TI01i\DdJD i\01 i\rtO'(:J8 rtO:U: 91rlD MOXi}111£3 D8 3191 -3XI-3 rtOil1:u:rpoei\D rtOl 5mmi~ril lJ.OOJ1D10D 1101 llOllJO:u:ok
'V"N'G 01 pem10'('(D i\D 119 5lll- 5ll1 5rto'(Xi}X 5i}OX1i\Ori -031\3 i\Cll30~i\OQ mq AU! DTI03'(}10:U:D iiDO 3XJ3 CIO:U: 59i\OI-JI-
-ll101:U:3 5i}Oi11310XO 5rtol0 910mill- 1Di1J3 1013."i}Ori0111'(0:U: 5rt01 DOO<)J'(k ll1D Dli\J~ilmdJ iiDDUJO:te01i1DllOX rto:u: 101<)JO:U:
59il3 rtO:U:<)l08iiD 59il3 DJ3X1010 \)X1XCII1\ 1DX \)X110mill- \)X110 10 1Di1}3 53i1U'('(3)0 119 910011\A 1DiiJ3 'DJ1i01 i\01 91rtD 3D
-111'(0:U: \)X1TI0111'(0:U: D1 D'(9 13~J001QOOO:U: rtO:U: 91rtD 1Di1J3 mx 5it01 ~D38Jll3 illl1 ADiiDX} SJlDD1Drt0~3 10 D1QJiiOk Dil}ri
9X1'(rt 9X113i131- 01 119 J38X13QO:U:D 13X:j \)X1iiOrilllD11L3 -10X3xkrtD D101ll)X Dii;J1ill10l.COI-03i\3 Ar)O!DOX 1DX DTIUlOl).D
·5mll19:U:m08iiD 5ll1 9X1iiOriOo 01 ill).O:te000001~3 ilm3~}'( A(!lX1iiU'('(3 ilm1 l)O
5lloll'(X9'(0 UOD1Xj!:U:3 ,lDX 1DX 501DTII}Ji\:U: i}OX1i\U'('(3 rt01 -OdJOOll i\U1 9:U:D 1DliiOX0)001l rtOll 513D~i\OQ 10 119 iiO;J'(ll
Sll01ii:U:i}dJD D13A.OJi13 38\)X i\rtOiit9XDiiD D8 ilrtO~JriOil Sm:u:9 J:U:3 mx ilm1il]llAmdJ ilml llD~oX ll1 l)OOdJD AOD9 531ll1
DJO:U:O i\U1 3TI DJ001D1X1Q ~X111'(0:U:OTIOi\OX10 D1TI09Xi-DU -90311ll1Q1 53AJTI0100 13X;J DDD<)l'(l- ~X1i\U'('(3 ll119 i\D~13Qjl
D11i DiiX31iiJ 5Dlii<)JlD18DXk3 D19i10A.31- D1 ilrtO£)\)'(OO:U: 531j!'(3TI 53ilj!1i0100 5Sll8D)l 'J3X3 Oi191i i\DDU1\)TID1D i\3'17
Dil oo')ri 381fX 31i ii'}08D:u:ooo:u: 13ii:Jrio:u:n 5rto1 59o1nx 5oA n i~?JWO OJ..AV
119 5DliiO~JOmill- 5llri~1D1:U:J 5~il 103rillo 5ll1 531ll191DMQ NO NOW IVNI3 N3'17 · .,ilmriJdlool S~kloknon:u: 5mriD
511 31i Sj!lDD1Drt0~3 10iloilXki}O 10 · ilm3~J'( i100ii}TI0100 -9xl-n:u: 5ll1 %0L -%OS: 01 'DJ13DX3Q mri 9:u:n oo319k1'( 3D
50'(}1 OlD N DTITI\)01- 01 1DX DlDTii}3i\:U: D1 101\91 10 i\DX 'SrtOl D10j!X DlO MOOl):U: Dil ilrtO~l)1Q3XO 53J301D13 10 <)li\3
-U8J01DdJD 1DX \)X1i\U'('(3 DJDXoD D1 i\DXU8~1-0D1DX JlD11- '5j!kmi-DD13 D11- U:U:<)J0113 All1 13~J11L '~X103TIV ll '1013,
13~Ji13~ 5Dri Dil 13:U:j!il:U: 311}0 "5Dri DOO<)J'(A. ll1 D031JD1Q1 ''(~DOOJ rtm mx VUH ilm1 llDllil
mx i\OOi\~'('(3 ilm1 \)1TIOi\OOll'(X ~X110111'(0:U: i\U1 ilrtOO~:U:rt1X -Ojlgrtx illll 3ri Sno:JXD S;Ji131D MOXJ 'mmii)J1oorillq ~"831<;'
Di\ rt01 5rtOJOTIO Srt01 9:U:D 30i}01ll~ 59X111'(0:U: 59iiDX103riV 3TI DAmdJrii}D '53JO:U:O 10 'Am091LD ilmil;)liA.D'('(Dl3ri 5~rt3XD
i\U<)JO:U: DJO:U:O i\U1 3ri Ui1J3X3 Soo:u:9 5130<)J'(ll<;> 10 53llll- -DlDX 53J301D13 5;JX1i183rl'(O:U: 1)11!3 rl01!J031l MOXOl)ll Au

6t>l I IOZ 0~ Vd0<1>VNVU3 H)I!VO ,.3, VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd~HWHV Stl

!50 Ll.HMHTPHL: f!OABAL: OMALI.A "E" OA!KH E11ANA<I>OPA TO 20 ll 151

f,lE (jJUOLXOU<; tg6rrou<; va aHmw8EL 0 [ ouD.oov tO '97 Err(oYJc;, f,lEy<iA.o ECvm to rroooot6 twv E(jl~f3wv xm twv
JTEQLEA~(jl8EL on<; 25 rrgoowmx6tY]tEc; tY]c; xgovL<ic; one; yuvmxc!Jv Jtoll xatam£t,ovtm nrr6 toll<; llJTEQJTQOOtntElln-
H.Il.A.lll xou<; xm ai\L6Haxtollc; yov£Lc; touc; ~ To ~<ivalloo xm
'Eva yovC<'iw f-tltOQEL va Eu8uvnm yLa tY] XQ~OYJ vagxw- arrg6ovro <ivogn tOll<; avtCotmxa, ou~t(jlwva ~tE TOY xa8Y]-
nxciJv oumciJvl H EJTWtY]f,lOVLX~ avaxo(vwoY] EYLVE on<; YYJT~ 1-VuxLmQLX~<; toll Arre xm rrg6Ebgo toll ouvEbgCou,
28/9/2000 OtY] 0woaAOVLXY] OtY] c'n<igxaa OUVE<'iQLOU yLa Xag<iA.nf,lJTO 1Egoi\wx6vou.
tY] VEUQOAoy(a xm TY]V 1VUXWtQLX~. Qox6oo, 11 xm<i8A.t1VYJ £lvm mo ollxv~ otOll<; avHgciJ-
'Onw<; t6vwav OL EL<'iLxo(, ta <itofta rrou <'iLaxmexovtm rrouc; 6.~w twv 50 nciJv.
arr6 <iyxo<; xm xat<i8A.L 1VYJ, rrou vLciJ8ouv xataJTLEOf-lEVa ~ "To 40% twv nvf:lgciJn:wv rro11 rr<ioxouv arr6
£xouv EuaCo8Y]to xagaxt~ga, nH<i xm am<i rrou £xouv Il<iQXLVOOV ~ EXOUV rroJlEL XaJTOLO £YXE(jlaAtXO EITEL060LO
yovL<'iWx~ JtQO<'iL<i8EOY] 00YJYOUV1aL agxn£c; (jJOQE<; oto XaL TO 50% tlllV Y]AtXLWf,tEVWV ITOll t,ouv OE YYJQOXOfLELa
f,tOV6<'iQOf,lO twv vagx()mxciJv. AvYJOUXYJHX6 ELvm m(oYJc; to rragouoL<it,ouv E;t(oYJ<; xaT<iOA.t~YJ", rrg6o8eoE o x.
ycyov6<; 6n to 10% tou yEvLxou JtAY]8UOfLOU otYJV EH6i\n IEQOOLax6voll.
- xm xugCwc; OL yuvaCxEc;- rr<ioXEL nrr6 xat<i8A.L~YJ. H xat<if:lA.L 1jJY] EXOYJA.ciJvnm "f-tE aUrrvCa, avogEI;Ca, ato-
TLc; EltWYJf,t<ivoac; aut£c; exavav m Emot~f,lOVE<; oto vCa xm EX(jJQ<it,nm ollv~Owc; fLE <iyxoc; ~ xougaoYJ, aotaH~
13o Ll.LE8v£c; 2:uv£<'igw tY]<; EtmgCac; NEugoA.oy(n<; xm 1jJUXOA.oyLx~ xnt6oTaOY] xaT6 TYJ OL<igxaa tYJ<; 'flf-lEQac;,
\j'JuXLatQLx~c; NonocxvatoA.Lx~c; El'QWJTYJ<;. xa(1ciJc; xm t<ioEt<; xmvwvtx~c; aJTOfLOV()JO!l<;. Ot xcnn8A.L-
'EQEUVE<; JTOU £ywav OE 0LE8v£<; EJTLJTEOO, ava(jJEQOUV 6n rrnxo( E(vm mCo11c; E1J<iA.wTot oE ao8~tanx£<; c'natagax£<;
tY] OExaEt(a tOU 2000-2010 11 xm:<i8A.L ~11 ea EL vm f,i,La xm otY]V xoA.Cni\a", avE(jJEQE ox. IEQO<'iLax6vou.
arr6 n<; XUQLOtEQEc; v6oou<; rrou 8a f3nonvCt,ouv tov fLa TY]V OAOXA~QWOY] T(I)V oxotavciJv OXE<'i(wv wuc; ea
<iv8gwrro, 6rrwc; o~A.woE o axaOY]f,la·cx6c; xa8YJYYJt~c; JtQOXWQ~OOliV ~tE TY] ~o~0Eta tY]<; EJTWt~f,lY]<; aXOfLY] Xm
\j'JuxLatQLX~<; tou IlavEmotY]f-t(ou A811vciJv, otY]V xA.wvorro(YJOYJ av8gciJrrwv !tE OllYXEXQt~t£vo yov6turro
KwvotavtC vo<; LtE(jlav~c;. "L'..umuxciJ<;, wuA.<ixLotov to rrou (-)a EC vm ·urr<ixouoL one; EvtoA.£c; tou<; xm OEV 8a
10% wu yEvLxou JtAYJHllOf-lOU otYJV EH<ioa rr<ioXEL nrr6 EXOUV <lVE/;aQtY]OLa JtVEllf,lnTO<;. '0/.a allt<i VOf,t(t,ouv JTW<;
xat<i8AL~Y], EVW tO JtQO~<iOLOf,la OE aut~V tY]V Jt<i8Y]OY] Oa ta £xouv JtEtUXEL JTQLV TYJV E(oo<'io tOll rrA.av~tYJ
EXOllv moHY]t<i m yuva(xE<;, a(jlou rragoum<it,ouv <'iLrrA.<iata Ilooai\c!Jva mo ZciJ<'ito twv IxOuwv 11 orro(a 8a rrgawa-
ltEQWtanx<i OE OXEOY] f,lE touc; <iVOQE<;", <lVE(jJEQE owv "A" torrm Y]0EL TO ewe; 2012 XaL tln OY]f,l<iV£L TY]V JTA~QYJ EVEQYO-
o x. l:tE(jlav~<; xm oxoA.(aoE: "<l>a(vEtm rrw<; E(vm mo JtOL'flOY] toll EHYJvLxou yov6turroll OUf-t(jJWVa fLE tY] tlEwgCa
EuaCo8Y]tEc; xm 11 ~uxoA.oy(a touc; EltYJQE<it,nm lTEQWo6tE- tTl<; AotgoyEvntx~<; rrou ava(jli'QtlYJXE rragarr<ivw. Il<ivtw<;
go". JTUQ<i nc; JtQOOJta8ELE<; tOll<; EL VaL ~bY] agy<i Ot6tt OtO
152 L'.HMHTPH:i: f!Oi\BAI OMAL'.A "E" 01\IKH ETIANM>OPA TO 2011 153
t£A.o<; IouA.Cou tou 1999 OL Jt\av~tE<; OXTJfLUt(t,ouv otov
OuQav6 to OUQUVLO X Jtou avaqJEQEL o IIA.<:itwva<; c'\TJA..
OtaUQO, OTJ[LUDL EVO<; VEOU U<jJUJtVLOtlXOU XU[L[LUtO<; TWV
yovt6(wv tou'EA.\Tjva. Aut6 ~OTJ TO avnA.afLBav6[LaatE KE<I>AAAIO 4o
6\m aJt6 tTJ<; OL£8vEC<; avn6Q6.0EL<; aA.\6. xm tTJv muvr/..-
1-tjvtO'fJ twv EHtjvwv 1tou SEKINHEE!
;.. ,"'

TO 2011 ME THN ENEPfOUOIHI:H

TOY D.N.A. 01 I:YNEIAHTOUOIHMENOI
EAAHNEI: 0A fiNOYN 100.000.000!!
.• <l>umxa, 6\a ta JtQOTJYODfLEva ~Ev(t,ouv xm JtQoxaA.ouv
10V OTJ[LEQLVO UJtEQOJttTj av8QWJtO, TOV Ba8t6. aoa~, 6ao XL
UV 8£\EL VU XCtVEt ~ VU JtUQUOtULVEL TOV Ll.LUVOTJT~.'Jow<;
va VO[LLOEL 6n JtQOXUAELtaL Tj VOTJ[LOOUVTJ TOU. 0\a m8a-
v6.. '01tWS • ozt 0!1WS 1tt8uva UAAU U/..fJOtva . EtVat
ouu ot 11 Xatozot tfJS yv<i>uTJS 11 ot 11 E 11 11us yvwQi~ouv
XUt Ot 01tOtOt, O'UV UVWTEQU 1tVEU!1UttXU ovtu XUt
11
rvtEtUA!1EVOt 11 vu !!US uvv!lQU!lOVV, 11 E1tt/..£yovv 11
OQlO'!!EVOVS UV8QW1tov; · 01tOtUu!ltj1totE !!OQqJWO'fJS
xut E1tt1tr!lov - xut tovs ZQfJO't!!01tOt01JV uuv cl>wvtj!
Eivm, !lfJI-u!ltj, 1t0!11tOt xm !ll\xtrs.
M' uvtot\; tov; uv8Q<i>1tov;, tovs o1toiovs EX1tUt·
!lrt\ovv - Oa '1-ryu n!ltxa !lvot\v - 1tEQvot\v tu !ltaq~o­
QU !1fJVtl!1UtU tOllS 01t01J 1J1tUQZOVV ~Wtj Xat VOtJ!lOVU
ovtu !1EUU O'tO U1tEtQO, 01tWS Xat O'tO !ltxo !!US 1tAU·
vtjtfJ.
Aut~ TJ JtVEUflUtlX~ AELTOUQYLU exa cpoBEgouc; UQQTJTL-
O[LOU<; xm aouA.A.TJJttE<; EVOEAEXEL<; JtoUaJtA.6tTJtEc;, a6ta-
!54 i\HMHTPH:l: f!OABA:l: OMAi\A "E" OAJKH EIIANM>OPA TO 2011 !55

Y011]1£~ cm6 WY aY8gumo. E(fLCH ~E~mo~ Jt(J)~

1] EJI:L01~f11] C!<:(J\JJtY(~EL WY EOW1EQLXO TOU XOOfLO, Jl:C!Q01QVYOYTUc; TOY
£xn un6~11 TTJ~ noA.A.£~ mgtmwon~ xm m8aY6Y Ya JtEL- xm wGciJYTac; 10Y mn ouyy(la<:(J~ oo~agov £Qyou. EY€c5woe.
QC!flaTLOTT]XE fLU~( TOU~. L:Taf:JT]XE fL' EU[tEYELa xm xaf:la(l61T]Ta a:n:EYC!YTL o' auT6Y
Exe(Yo OfLW~ nou 8a ~eeA.a Ya ngoo8£ow, oaY ng6o8e- TOY EOcJJTE(JO xgaOC!OfLO. AU1~ T] xaA.oJt(JOClLQETLXOTT]TU
TTJ yywon, o' 6nmoY an6 oa~ cSrY yywgC~a 11 ETUXE Ya 10\J TOY ocS~y!]OE 01T]Y "xa8ag~ JTY€\JfLC!TLX~ UJtC!YO(JEU1LX~
ATJOfLOY~on, dYm fLEQtxa nagabe(yfLam an6 1a m6 aYn- 6t£f1~6A.w!]" fLEOW TTJc; QTaxouoTCac;.
ngoowneunxa Tou e(cSol'~· L:aY.!CEQUOE ACyoc; Xat(l6c; xm U(JXLOE ya ouYTam(~nm
L1TJY EAATJYLX~ fQC!fL[taTECa 11 fgmpoA.oy(a, EXOUfL€ WY JTA~Q~S fLE TT]Y Q1UXOUOTLO., XCDQ(c; YO. TO O.YTLA!]<:(J8d £LX£
AnoA.A.6i)wgo, cOY HoCoi)o, cOY II1.18ay6ga, cOY ouyyga~rt TTJ rtq<iA.n xm fLUOTTJ(ltux~ Mu8oA.oy(u Tou,
HgaxA.etTo, TOY AQL0101EAT], 10Y Aevxmno, cOY TT]Y a.c5LEQEVYT]TT] XC!L C!YEQfL~YE\JTT] C!XOfLC! C!JtO WY OT]fLEQL-
IIA.anoYa, WY AwxvA.o, cOY EuQm(b!], WY <l:>ctcSCa, wY YO aYf:lgwno, 1T] yYWOT~ UE fLO.<; "Mv8oA.oy(a. 10\J
MtA. na<'>n, TOY 'OrtTJ(JO, ToY 0g<:(J£a x.a., m ono(m [3gCoxo- A:n:oAA.6c5wQO\J".
YWY xa1w an6 TTJY ";wA.ucStaOTmT] am~ ox£on", an6 11JY 'Oca.Y cEAELuJOE w ~a.guo~fLO.Y10 au16 €gyo, w ono(o
ono(ct unayogevoYTaY xm btefL~OAL~onaY, an6 cOY e(Ym 0 UJtC!Q~La.XOc; f,LO.C; xwcStxa.c;, 0 YnayogeuT~c; TOU
LUI.Lnunoxcil(JO, cOY ono(o xacotxovY ot e(ne YC! unoyg<ilVEL we; "AIIOAAQI\OPOL:" xm 6xt fl£ TO
TEAEIQMENEL: ONTOTHTEL:, nou oe fta~ - 6rrwc; xm c5tx6 TOU OYO[W. AnoH6cSwgoc; OE e( YC!L OVY8ETT] AEsT],
o' exdYo\J~ - nagouma~oYTm fLE bt<i<:(JOQE~ OYOftao(ec;. u:n:6 w AIIOAAQN xm 1\QPO.
L:' auto{,~ nugouma~OYTaY ouY MOYL:EL:. L:e fLU<; 1\nA.a.o~, w EQYO auT6, fLEOW Tov yga.<:(JoA.6you A.6ywu
ltaQOl'OLU~OYTm oay L:ABBAAEIOI QPIOI, nou OT]fLCl(- EA.Cov <Pagmou, ~Ta.Y 1\QPO TOY AIIOAAQNA.
YEL "acStxo( yYWOT€~". Tw(la., nm6c; ~mY o AIIOAAQN, "o YOWY YOECTco".
0 AnoAA.6c5wgo~, A..x., ~mY Muxe66Ya~ A.6ywc;, a:n:6- H fL~:n:wc; o fLEyUA.oc; HL:IOI\OL:, o a.yQUfLfLC!10<;, nou
yoYoc; TulY KagaYWY 1WY i\a.YcS(l'iJWY, nou ~TC!Y an6yoYOL £~ooxe Jt(l6~am owY EA.txwYa, c5EY rta.c; A.Eet 6n xaTE~!]­
1WY KovgcoyxaYwY wu A(lU~!], tcoY a.;roy6YwY TO\J xuY m IItcgCcSec; Movo£c; xm Tou u:n:uy6(JE\JOC!Y xt £yga.~£
IAL:ONA. Ta "8EOfONIA", "EPfA KAI HMEPAI" xm
Mw fLEQa, A.mn6Y, :n:ou ~QLOX6Ta.Y oe fLLa ayxwb!], a.Y~­ "AL:IIII\A TOY HPAKAH", xwgCc; Ya yYw(l(~et To
ovxll xm ~a.8ta ngo~A!]fLanx~ xmaomo11 - xu8ci1c; :n:egt- JtO.QO.fLLX(JO T!]c; YQC!<:(J~c;;
<:fJE(l6WY fLEOa o' £ya O<iooc; x£6gwy - mo8aYf:lTJXE Ya TOY Km gwTcil: IIm6c; fLJI:O(JEOE Ya a.:n:oxwcStxoJWL~OEL ~ YO.
EYXatC!AE(JtO\JY OL mo8~0EL<; TOU XC!L ~UJI:AWOE 011]Y O.Y8L- a.:n:oOUfL~OALOfl TO <:(JO~EQO xm O.OtaYO!]TO, TO TOOO
OfLEYT] YTI· Bg£8nxe oe £xoTaon XL £xww, oe angoo6t6gt- ouyxA.oYtanxa fLEOT6 EQYO wv; KaYECc;!
ma. XQOYLxa OT]fLELO. xm WQEc;, mo8aY6TaY rua <:(JWY~ y' H fl~Jt(J)c; YYW(JL~E TL EY(JO.<:(JE OTO fLY!]fLELWOEc; EQYO TOU,
 :I'
'1
'II
1

:11
I,
!i
I'
Suo 3Dll~? 1D)I ·SnA:)8DX o 1D13~'911DJ DJOCD38 9101! rw10 11.
'S01!0108A'9 0 OJOl.CO 01 'll01Cc;J08AD rtOl Dririnolc'91(/0i\OOX
-l}OJ. Dri98 D11: 1DAJ3 '9AD0rl0 i\01 91LD 3031!9 ~ 'DDOD'('98 !i Ol Al}OOOJ.Cri 1DX Al}0'(1ri rl01L ',,3,. 10 A.rlOX0'91Lil 'Dri01Al}D
,,'I
ll1 91LD 3X~J.g ~ '91(/D'(X D1 91LD 3Xll£):)1DX ~ '3Xll8~J.Ort01rill(/ 1D13AgJOll'(XO'(O rt01L ',.QJ'\73X&,. 01 911lD ,o DD9W
~ 3Xll8?0£l gl(/3 S01!010fJA'9 S01l)l01L 0 3101L~(/D011CQ 'S'9"('(3 . "VN3WWJ...d)l3)1,.
m13A9'( rtol! 9nc1Jrio i\010 (S3'(91LW) SllAJX03)1-D1Ac;JriO'(OX rt01 ll£)903 D10 3Dll1'90X 'SodJoOril} '(Ol.C 1DX 501!010901Lil'(01!
- rtOl!ri l} '( Q -i\01 J 0 31 U- rlOJ ri 03 S: -D009 S:- rtOX1 '9ll o 'S9riD1(/D10XD 0 D03ri~D 10X9ri DD9 J3mkVV)IQllV DA
l}~D13ri Sn.o1Lri'9x Sn.oo3ri~ Sn.o10 S~01~ Sll1 oAXJ't o1 1mJ3A ~ I3IHIOllONI0)1 DA ~ 'I3&HIOUOL&~NJ DA A(!llllD
-on.01rillq s011L o1!9 x l}'(Ol! sJa01x nA mx '-'f.!>l-3ooo·ooo·n 0109ri ll0A9ri13X001C 'A011Cc;J08AD D(/'913'(l.C D1ri 'vNHVV3
i\(1}1Lf.!>09M> 1DX A(l)J3'(DA03 DJ.mitiJ3'(0l!l\ (ll1'(AJO.L "N) 'S13'(98 AD '3&J...3LHV)I3 '333V3ll3 'OIV3XI
\tx1q1X'(DX lun J3930~ Mol~ f.!>i\3 'o:urooe-''9 DAOOcbti~ OL I3I~dHV)IOVO DA mJ. 'VIONOdll ll ·~xunrinoq
~C/D'(llq S~dJoori s~~~. 1o1rillo Sll1 n.o1LJ031L 01L0100A'9 'o1LoJ08 911! ll 1DX 1DAJ3 llOl.C 'llD'9dJ DOl}OODl.C All10 '9lllD ,1J
-A'9XOD 3ri9'( AD19 31il}OOM3 D1D£l99 (!l(/3 'Agl13 OOO'OOL 'llDilX/cl}D ~'(08 ll11DX l(/'910XO
SDJX1'(ll S~X1(/1X'(DX Slll i\CDA[!l'(D013ll i\011 01!0108A'9XOD 9lXlll.C OlD 31\13ri? S01!010QA'9 0 'DA9riODOdml3ri '9X1'(1lD0031
A.Ol 3ri J38DD11(/A.rl0 DA 1D13X09 9lrl\{ ''9ArlO£) D0319mXtln 1DAJ3 DlDril}Allri mx mmiiJOA Snm '9XUlll.llqo8DX 9x1mri
D1 91LD Agl13 000'000'001 '900dlD1'\7 j .. ·~oxni mri 13X3,'3D -ll3Al.C D11DX DA;Jrill10l.COXDX 1DAJ3 rt0/.9'( l}Oldmo/. ll0ll!<{J3
-ll8l}O'(OXD1!3 Slll llDrt(/'9AD ll rlOl! S'90130000 S~X1AOAD'(3ll Dl D'(9 ~(/131!3 1X 'D1Drilc'90l.C D1 A.rlOX9 1Dl:) ~(/131!3 1)1

Sll1 00111.9X S01 SoJ.Crirl '(Q, o Snri lll~AD'(ll n01 D~'9ri '3ril}OOAD1DX J0080'(rtri 1DX JOX
~1DI\3o ll1 9 J.Cn ll8l}C/3AD m~~.9ax ooo·ooo·ovi 11.1ou -).OX 10 Spri3 D'('('9 1X 'ADDDOdJ:)~3 1X ADr!tDOic:) 'A.Dl!J3 D'('f\i
i i i S91 01 dJ :3rillO~J001AI. 53JD01AicD 1DX SJ3D(/D 10 Spri3 1\0l.C l}OlrlD
l!J. IVV-V3 1DAJ3 119 '9X1A01ill1011!3 1Dl3l}AX13(/0l!D 011'9X oilociJ'91C/ mA J3 A01JOl!o A01l o!.il9 m '10'('('9 100131!'9 mx
-DODJ.C m 91LD J1D1A '9'(1CV :ScndJ 1DAJ3 &VVV3 ll J1D1J Snri 59(/011-DOl SoA31i9~1'(0£)ri31(/ - S~101I-O'(D1(/ S0'('91-3ri o
i i i&3E>HVV 01 I~<f> Ol ArlO(/ D8 I~<f> ,.HL~WI3V V3E>HW0dll,. rl01 JXOD 00Al}8D\J OlD DO:)ri
Q)IINHVV3 01 mJ. Al}08D1A011cD 1009 011.91i 3J,D3l}D1L 13£)l}OX 11 131! Smi DA J300l!li llO'(l}XD1\{ rt0'('91-3ri ll01 501
-DADl£3 11.ll1i 00910~ i i i'91AOX 1DAJ3 1 IOZ 01 'Soi111l}'(Ol! -Dril}3AJ.C no1 Sol-'(30'9 1x SO'(IlD9031 So101£'9X Som~ri H
1DX Sole)'( 1DAJ3 S011.90X o ~(/131C3 '3ri1}01DD1£) DA 3001:jOX01Cil i&I3NV)I :011! DA c;JOOJ.Cri '9X11Dlilloolcllm)l :Sm
Snri 'nolco9 l}Olnn no'('9lc3ri rto1 SllollJOl!OA1ox Sll1 Sllxk'9AD -Dril}3Al.C nm DJAOXD1(/ ll10 ,.SOA:)1ill'(X3X,. S0'('91-3ri o S91ilD
Sllmri9 Sll1 lloll8DJDArto ll 1ox llAl}8n3 ~1nn ll'('9lc3ri H 303ciJ913ri SDri S()orioullooD Srtox1q01x Sl}OX11D11-o'(mq
·Smll1903rilldJ3 Sll1 9ri0 Sao1o1C
"
mx DlDrinAltri
"
D10J.C
,.
no1no1
,.
norioox"
ao1 mdJoo
"
-1AOri1D(/Il30lrt3rft 01D309XD i\01 1DX D1lll90DflDX Alll 91LD ll1 llw ,l.CD '13J.C SDri DA SJ3ADX poouri S01u~w :&OdHWO
SOA?rirt3101lX 'J3Zid~NJ i\3(/ '0!.9'( m~g ~ DciJ'('9 i\01 mi. 0 'S01Drii}3Al.C ll01 9riD1'(3UDrt3 OA11Cc;J08ADA.Dl.C i\01

L~l llOZ Ol VdO<l>VNVUtl H)!!VO .. a,. VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:HdlHWHV 9~!

 '
ii'

1)'(1W om J3flltA.lt~3 DA A91DArtQ 1DA)3 SmoJ 1Dli=L'1JX11ltriag 'DODr1910QflOXOD 1X9 1DX 53)0
DlO .. ~nog il0l01A.;Jr1010J,., 11.01 DJOillODn Lt1 3nflOX} -or1rrQA3 mk 3rll)'(1r1 mx '53odlD'(lJADll 53JDDnrrgA3 mx Son
S~m~ y.dloon lt'('(r;> 91LD i!JX11X1'(3~3 1D13X0}001L A3Q un 1JX1Q 01 5ml£9 l)X1l010lt1xoooX Jn 5flOllCJl08AD 3rlflODJll
·SI}oxuonoonJL SrwA.9'( mA. oAooX9111D1 S}X01il31L S3oodl -m13r111AD ,A 3nflOX;J (ltQgJm~) ~Ql300QAOX l)X11010lt1XDODX
-r;>1Q 3o C!J\13 Lteo 9ru313n mx s~x01oJ1L sLt1 s 9 1x3 mx 3A1A.9 3yj 130C)'J11!103:U: llOl)ll A3 101{ 10A;Jr1fl1A 1)1300\J 10A)3 AD
fl01LC)l08AD fl01 5lt0fl3'(} Lt AD 591X3 '30DXI}Olt ~1flD lt1C)l0ll ADOI).owoxm3 oe rro:u: S3x~eAno S3o~J1AD 5u 3r1 3rll}oeo
'3Xlt8~ 101!030310 ~1110 DlC)JOll I}Odlll ~X01031L D1ll1il} '(0 -D1ADd:J DA 3rli}0001£n Scrm9 AmJD'(ltl£0 A!D1 5flOllC)l08AD 13~
, ODll Alt10 J38lt1380ll01 DA 131£}01£ flOllC)JOflAD fl01 OAXJ'( -)AOX13 DA )1AV '3r1DA;Jr1103ll D8 flOll 1)1110 9llD D1Dr1k1)01l
9x1Xoo mx mgJilll 01 mAlJllDODll pgoJdlDAD oXp 5mlln l)X11300d:JD1Q AilOAX)3Q ilOll D1A9 oX QOO'OZ fl01l)03:U: A101!
iAOl..01XJ?'{IlOl. 53A5Jr1ltAO'(OAOOX C)l1D3:-3'(-X1)00ilOV 010 53)dlDoA.oX101
'S )1£3 l)'('(D '1DN iAC!J13 00Q'j7 DJOOlDJ 3r1 10A;Jr1m100dl 310 J38dlfl '(DXDAD ArtoXg, '13~1)'('(D ,A r;>A.10 l)A.10 301X01) 111))1
-D1i)3 119 3r11)'(11i 003101} 1D)i ·,\101£ 011£ 1}'(01£ 531}'(3r1 1D1{ '9XHiOA0010D 313'(J8 AD ~ 9X1nOOX 111)X '3A1A.} DA 13llJOll
513o~oLtwool£ s 9x1ow1 pgLtA.Lwo1r ADXJ3 119 3nrroo 98 o:t.m 11r;>x ·xll ooo·zz
3n ooo·vz ow moiJ.J 'AC!JQ13oucr>oeAv
DA 1DAJ3 OA.O'(I}tJ '(AOJD\J013: 1)1DX) AI!J(b1 Ai)lXD11llflk1V Am1 l)X11i0111'(0ll lllO ADODOQ;Jll3 D1ll11}QDO\J
Am1 D1flQ1) DlO DA3r1900D'(fld:J ~d:JoiJ,\. ~X1d:Jfl '(k0031 3yj D1 lt'(r;>A31i 3r1 mx ADODO;Jll 'SltJ 5ll1 S;;Xom 5300dll)1Q 10
-onnr;>ilA.A.rro oo9 mDJ3'(ll 31£13'(J1D)I ·xlL DJ131'(1X Lt6 Alt1 ·soo
fl01 ltri~l011£3 Altl 30LIX0~3.3 1DX JOlt~} 1101£ 911rlt'(XDV 0031 -1A1J S;;oodl 5?'('(01£ mx S9illl'(xo Am~ 5DAC!JA.o o 'ArroogJ1\J
-;;nlt AOl 91£D JnrroX;J mmiA.I}3111l3 r;>wmiaD(1 0091 rroJ£ ~rl -11!3 DA AI}OflDl£0001£ 10AJr1D'('(3013~ 10llm08Al) 10 .Am3~
-k110 ll1 1)10XDn 0091 Jlil)ll DA JlD1A. 1)'/.'(V :1X9 I}O'('(D 101{ -l)lDlDXDAD 1DX Am30C)l1DlODAD D1A90X ADOLI81}0'(0XV
51~1'(}~3 3~0~1£fl r;>'('(V :p~Jrirro 3XJ3 11, ·(yx rto'(r;>dl3Xk3 '(Xll 000'0£) 5D)131'(1XDX3V
'51)1QODX 5130~013XA.3) D031i~o mk 1DX Ltn9XD 51301)10DlDX Slt£ Alt1 Soil;;n o1 l)1Dx OJDA.1V o1o 5oooD'(1J8
5;J1oonrroe Aitodlr;>ilA.103ll 1ogn A11ll9 ,1m 10 13DC!J1ll1il3ll 5llxJAO'(DDD3EJ Slt1 Lto11Xx;; Alt1 31i 11omi1J.'(O-Sllooo. S91imo
1301)1£ AtJ 'OQOJ03ll ~A3A.OlOD131 AltlO Dl01'(1)r1 1DX DA(_D1D -mXmg 0 mx 5DQJ1A.1V Slt1 llD181}\JDlDX ll 3A1A.;J 11Dr1Al)Oll
9X1m~OA 1D)i AOlD 3Xll8DJADd:Jn3 So1rm08A'y; 0 OA;JTII:tl031DX 'lt1~AD'(ll 1101 Am30C)l1D1DDAD A!)lX1A.O'(m3A. Am)D1113'(31
o1 3n oAmdlrll}o moiJ;;a ·s,}ox1gn 5rro1 r;>wx 'oqoJ03ll ~A3k Am1 5Dill11ill)r1 1DAJ3 DA DJX11m Altw 31)3 ·SoJk1V S9rlmoll
-01101 ~ ~X1m~00311\[ lno 1D1AOO;JdlDAD flOll (531'h5Jll) 108)'( o DQJ1A.1V 3Q All1 '5D)OQV 59r1D10ll 0 3Ql3015J1Q DQ1)1Q3:U:
101xoilr;>Xk3 DiJXODlN oo;;ilJL1io)l ·ov l}oow1 rro1 ~Xowx D1A9J AllJ, '1)10310 ADl~ 01A9J 01 10X 11919 'ooltAA90
Allw AiloXor;>llil 1}003ll rro1 oxL All1& ·mA9ox ooo·
~v -o3X ~x1'(m I Allw mx l)'('(D o 1ov ·w Ltw mx 1D13AC!J'(llD
A10ll 53AJ1illA.o'(oAoilX S3JdlookoXoo~J ArroXol)llfl SoAJ)I 5ll1 DA ~ 13X01)1lil DA 3Ql301;Jll3 1101 1101£ 'IDA )3 l)lOll~ lt ~111 V
Al)Ail01J SoJXODl£3 5lt1 A1'(¢ xA.nm Lt,\rl)'( Lt10 1)1AO)I ·SDQJ1A.1V Slt1 5nollr1l)X 511010 mx S5JX0103ll S31llrli}'(OOD:U:

6~! I !OZ OJ. VdO<I>VNVll3 H)!IVO ,.3, VVVWO :S:VHVOIJ :S:Hdl.HWHV 8~!
 "1}038 nm. SooJrl Di\;l
rt010J3~ rt01 010'{llgrill1DD1'\7 Di\jl 'X'ri 0001 OlD nJO(lJ "D'{
'Snmo~ ll"JA. n" "nollA.~91D "o1 110u ~'{XDOH rt01 Srto'ie"9 -OXDIJ-9 m 1\rtO~JXon Smrig DO!)JL ·woDJ11'{0llX3 m Di\ mx
Srto1 "91D10DllDi\D rtou gxm9mz "D"? 13XJ llrftg DOJ1rt39 H ~9130umogAn m 1\rtO~I,J'{'{DlJri Di\ mA. JJ1i\90X OOOT/: "1ou
·i\Dmi~t~ 01 pA.orto1rlll9 mx DXD99d i\01 3rl m13':(nogrlrto ltJ llw 1\D(l'{~ rtou !\010)33: n01 SrtoxJomx mi. AI).0'{1rl
rtOll '938 i\010 13X~i\D rtOll '9XD19mz i\Di\:) 13Xj! rtOXDJ'\7
S~'{O.dJ Sll1 513D99DODll 10 iV){INHVV3 1DAJ3 mnri
rt01 llrftg llll)lOll H ·Sllj Sll1 mx I).Oi\DOrtQ rt01 llomi\jl i\U1 -ri~i'J,\. DJOllO D._L ·mnrlri!,JO/, 1DX 513lli,JlDDODll 5Jc!J,1'{,\I,Ji\D
13':(JWX13llD (lOll (l01D1D¢ Sll1 SOXDJ<i 0 'llll)l1~V 00(1)9938 1\rtoXOI,Jllrt mi\I,Jll3 iSmi,Ji\JD mx SI)JX3Mlll I,JX1(/0103ll Soo~,Jg
i\01 I,JlDX J3'{310llD mll1gmXon i\U1 gun llA. i\UlD SDJD MO':(J(!03X 1DX 1\ilO/\I,JX j0A3ri(}"'C{D~D13ri 1DAJ3 ,\O:)'{ll
-rtOODll S~X1i\U'{'{3 Slli\1~,\.()')~3 DJ0rt10Drl ~X11i\Drlllo mw Jll3 mx 1101 SOEJ3I.:Jri 01 J1i oA.o'{J)i\lllJJJi\rt9 1Di\)3 Srto1
"513~J390llD 1X9 mx 513~)391\3 1\rtOXO!,Jllrt i!,
SOOI,J~) O._L "UlD(l')i\,\."9 131\:)liDOllll 51101 ~DDlDI).ll H "JOlX
J1D1A. '!)lll13 01 Sno D(l i\39 I,J'{'{D m~JOmi\f. Di\ 1DX J300llri -rtOO ~ JOX1'{'{lll3ri 1llAJ3 1\D J3(-JD10DQDX3~ 13X:) i\3'\7 "1101
3rlrtOX;! 1.1 "D9Jri009"V i\U1 Jrl mx 3rlrtoX? Di\ Smrlg 13llJOU -I,Jlll IW'{I,JI.3ri SO(l3A.Jrl 30 SnoZDJ9 1li,JX Srrm ~Xmnx 1\Ulll
"010)3~ i\01 3rl Sprl3 ~ Snrl J~Drl 5010)3~ o 13Xj! i\91!10'{ 11"9){ J01rtD i\91!10'{ 1\rtOXti•. ( Y),\ J)! Jrl DOOI\(lll '1\I,J'{IlQ-J?OD)l 'D9
"rtOJ013~ rt01 ~'{OlD/\ V 1\UlD 51101 ll0Jf.0'{003rlll 1101 ll~ODi\} -31!Jiftll) 1:)\J18 1101 SJUDXm Suo 5JJ1i901N ~ Sm:gS,.L All'll
1\lll "n~1o 9 9 10Jouo 10 SrtoJmrrA.1V srroJnXov srro1 mx S~'{rtdJ S~W13'{X mx Slli\]rioJi\oriouJJ Slu SJJrl 10'{Jrb 10 31\;l'{
3rlrroX9 Smrlg I).Olrtn Sg1xg: :SnJriOi\OOlDD mnrl~enrl 9x1913 11 3rl(l09 JJI\ JJ1(-JI).liDOXlli 31i:)'{ 1DX mrl 1D)! "3lli}O(lrtO'{OXD
m 91rtD 1\Di\DX? Srto1 3f.DOI,J J010U "Di\:)ri09J9 rto1 I,JX11.o'{ D(l rtOll 91rtD m,\. ~riogourt ll J3(-JDDri101JOOll Di\ 31DI)J i\m'{
-oi\ooX m mx rtOJ01l3: 1101 S01mi~wrto I}OX101DD rt01 m -l)rD3XA.3 i\()')1 ll~1'{:)~3 1\Ul Soou Sm ~1lli\X31 ~ '(O~)D131i mrl
orlri!,J 1\UlD i\D~DJ<i3Xo 5~'{rtill Sll1 SoJ3~0I,Jllrt gun i\gxA.01 N 301XOJ? JXU805JrDDi\DOOll Sm119 DJ131'(1X us;z i\U1 I,J1Xl)l
1\(l')l 5)3031 10 '0L61 01 i\Di\1D\Jj!MD I,J1rtD !)li\3 1D)l ·.,<lllH., "i\YJDrt01i\9S,D1DD'(llD'('(Oll Di\ 1\DDI).OOOcbO'(XrtX
5010)3~ 3XU(lDI,JTIOi\O !lOll ll010J3~ rtOl rtOOlDI,J 1).0901\rtD rt01 rtou SrtOll!)JO(-Ji\Xl Srtow Sowrl(l3i\ll 1101 J?111DdJ lu 13rjt
Sll~ilDll(l i\U1 'llDrt3(l~'{Dll3 (~x1dlnilA.011Dill) ~xuuo ll 3Xll8 -l)i\D ,1\ m,\. Xl(j)liD D10lli,JX mri 13~0l)llrt D,\ 3.1ll!)l pgrirtD Di\
-!)lgoomx OL6I 01 S1'{9rl119 1Di\)3 gxui\millo 0.1 ·rtoJ013~ gzui\nrlllll 01 mouJ1 SJO(l)X Snrl IJ.010JX rto1 D'{IUX99 91X
rt01 milllD(lD 9X101DD OlD mO(lJ i 5DJriOi\001DD ·"513D!)Ji\f. -101\D D1 gun Dll:Jrl mirll) 1\Ul 1\Dll 53J131'(1X 10 1\DllU'(I).)l
5311DI,J031 Suo nrlll1DI).D gxurrJxollilgox1l1'{0ll 01 Sll1 0'{9 "rtOlli)JO(-Ji\DXon Smi (lOX]({ rtol (lmimu
13~Jollw ~lrtD ~'{rtdl H "(10~J"D9rtO~ 100(lmi) "9XA.01N i\m1 -011\3 nJkO'(OAOOX l11 gun nongkon I,Jl3XOXJ i\XJA1f.jl mn\-);lg
~'{rtdl ~x1mrlf.1i\1D ll 13XOI,Jllll ~x1odly ~X11rt9001i\3X i\U1~ I,JlrtV ·SgriDJJ1D'D'(lill'('(Oli 3DU(-)(lO'(OXn mx i\(1)091UM3f. llo
"91rtD i\Oi\9rl 1Di\)3 i\39 1D)l ·Soli\9(l'{30Dll rtOl DJOOlDJ -DlDI,JlllXI-3 ~ J?OOllD ~X01Cl3ll I,JlDX ~X11X3'(11!3 D101IJ?X i\91!
ll ~D(l)i\,\. 3i\1f.jl 531i\jl(l(l')DD19 51101 9llD 1DX (1:)g18-5Di\))l -10'( 3i\1f.g;("I,J·x 101\101)){ '1001).DW 'Joiltrill'(3W 'JOXrt3V)
D109) 5Dll9~L 1\(l')l ~X0103ll 1\UlD 3XU8!)l13A.ooou ~ 3D3lljl SrtOi\:)A. rt0/\)1£(1)0(-Ji\lJ rtOl 1\!)l'(rtdJ 1\(l')l 9X11300rDD1(/ 01

191 IIOZ O.L Vd0<PVNVI13 H)IIVO ,.3, VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWHV 091
'S(1),\}1i01!3 'WXA91N 10 "0010)/ I}OD~j 1}'(01! mx goxni SILl S~'(11dl SIL,\OA91(1)0:U Smri S13D<;J,\A S11 131?(JDOD:U SDri
D,\} ~9D'(IL9 'SO,\)/,\ Sgxrt3'( SD,\? 1D,\)3 rtOJJ: 'g: S010J33:: o .. So10J3S: S010(1),\AV.:, o 1101 o!..il? ow '(:Uri?.L 103:Uri9d o
J?1Xool 3D 1D13XD)O~ 'V S010J3S: 0010)/ 01 9l1D (1)01}A S(l)JJ: ·(501XJ?)! S13D99X3
3DILogdJOOIL'(JJ: AOl XA,\)/1J ortO(JOV.: SgX1DildJ0010D 0 ·~6l-06l •.. spwv, 'So90JDH) · .. A<;JOQAD Aenl ori3'(9:U
-~10(1)0 WlD ,\I10:UTI DA JOX111LTIOO ADl,\OXJlil Sog9cp 0 1DX 50TIJ3\7
,\Dl~ ,\OXA91N ,\(1)1 D)0(1)3(J IL ,\0091! J?lDX SI}OX1DI1dJ0010D 01 D'(:UJQ 1DX J?DrtOX D1 DA0'("9 DQO:t:90o/..Lto,l. D1 1Dl,\OX?10
Sl1oriiLDJ?1Q SrtOl Sil0'(9 J?llllO D,\ 3D1XOJ? mx mmikJ?Ol! ILOV.: 1}001100'(~ 1101 DD?ri 1D)I, · .. ,\<;JOQt\D 10,\3TII}QD1DX
DD91 3~10<;1,\A 'SIL ri~lD1J13 SILl 1DX SD)AO'(O,\X31 SILl DD?ri AOri3'(9:U 10,\3TI?1 ,\lJDDlD? 31 So~9cp 31 S91inv '39 J?OD:U
Dl 131?(JD19 ,\39 rtOJJ: '~'(rtdJ ~X1ADX10dJD ILAOA9WlOJ1 D11i '103DI}OX 10:U:U) ,\DDD1D? S33X<;J90:U 01901100'(1) S030V.:
S(l)JJ: ILD(l)JJ:I}l,\3 ~03TI001 3ADX? 1101 11919 S3,\il30? SC1JD)1iD , 9 A3, "DO<;ll Sen? 13,\ J3TI MOX? 110:U D1DTI9AO ' .. Sori)3\7,
3D1XOJ? 'OO(JOJ? 01 91rtD SDl,\O~J?~D19 ''(JJ:ri:)l103JJ:ri9d 0 1XlX ,S0~9cp, ,\D~DTI9,\0 S1101 1DX ,\(1)09dl11009 Aenl
· .. 01k9'( ,\l)l111D IL~ODJJ:I} ,\Ltl ,\D~101)JAA 10dJOD9'(1dJ 10JDXOD 10
-oo3riiL 01 13DJ001QDO(hr 1101 J?lXo<'h H ·DriluOJ?1Q 010 DJA ·s1wo 9 m11oo 9 Srj.ox1oad1 3o mlJ?l,\D,\110 A3Q 110:u ·1~ov.:
-Oil01riiLg Altl IL '(9 )3'(DXOO:t: '010)33:: ,\01 91:D enO<}A 1llX rtOl 1101 S11009dl1t009 z: Si101!l J?llOOl1031IliiHJ ILA3~J?ODJJ: A110A
J?AO:'\J? ,\Ql ,:UD enOI}A rt01 ~DIL,\)1{ H ",\ClllJ?TIADO:U A(lll A(l)'(g -f_lllil1:UD1Q S3,\0TI~lD11I3 10 S3AI130? 9:UD J?13ri '11DTIAJ?OU
DTIO?JJ:D 0113X?103il "DlO?lDD ,1 D'(9 ,:UD 00311}0D~ 011DX ·.. SOlA9(i'(30D:U [).0,\Dl,\en~
003190X1ri ADD ,\I}00(1)3(J 01 ,\OXA91N 10 "010J3S: ,\01 9:UD 1101 S30111o 11 n 'ILov.:
1101 1oo 9 m11oo 9 J01Lt,\X3.L ",\D,\13ri?
enOI}A 13J?AOI1k rto:u 00101) 01 1Jl,\)3 SXJ)/,On01ri1Lg SILl Dri D'('()/ ,1 1DX (DJXDriOAD11.L) "X"JJ: 000"6 01 A9AD(J11I 3AI1dJ?
-IL,\JX3~ 0.1, :S~~3 Sen SmAO~JXOD .. 1mio9x JOX1ADxJJdJV, D,\? 01 '11oJons: 1101 mo'(:u9riLtwmg s
m 9:uv ·SILJ SLt1
9X1Q0103:U OlD ,\DQI13JDOliiL9 S11 1DX S13rtti}'(DXO:UD S11ox1owx S1101 ,\Do11no:ux3 mx Ltov.: ,\01 9 JJ:n (l)Orj.k 111x
S11 S?lilD 9J1D ,\XlXIL(iDJ?1DrlO(J,\3 10A9'(0:UenO(J,\Xl 911(/ 10 -001 30 ADX~JJ:ri 1101! DlO'(:U9Tilt10Dl(/ £ ,\DOlL,\JX3:'\ Dl,\90X
"ADX S3QJ?1'(1X ooo·ooz:
9 :un ,\1o:u '11oJo13s: 1101 oow 9 o1 9 JJ:n
-IL(JI}30ltwmix3 Srt01 S11 S~lrtD S~'(ildl Slt1 S)3031 10 ,\Dl9 '9ADOrtO AOl 9 :uv, :~liL,\11303 ,\Ol 3li l'JA(l)dJriCt:J:: "r).01D1Dcp
',\?'(0311V ,\)DTI03Z AILl mx '(<;l10XJ '(JDODW A:6i ',\DO SLt1 OXD)C/ ,\OlD 10)/11,\DW 903J 01 3TI 1Dl,\O~J?11QA11D
-Lt(JdlJXD3:U3 Srt01 110:U SilOA9'(0E(1)0(iAD S?lltM\303 01}(/ 9:UD Sno1~ri SIL1 mx S9AI1X 1101 J?X1dll1'(k0031 m mx nol~W
OriD9X ,\01 )/,\D S]10(1),\A ,\DA1A? S?lllD SllOl S13D<;JAA 10 l'l1,\)/0110 Lt 'S9A11)1 1101 001DJ? 01 1D,\)3 S010J3:J:: 0
·somri~1011o "110)0133::
SDri I}OXDl'(Lt ilOl S3l~,\D'(:U Silol Srt0'(9 mx S<;J(JDX 110)0133:: 1101 ·s~k11v SIL1 11oo:wJ? 1101 ,\<Jl1Ji. AenJoLt,\,1. 'Aenc9 oH
110010)/ 1101 miltlDI}D 0'(9 01 AI10~)0(1),\A DA 1D13A)DdJ ,\enl O:Ur).l 9X11113:UenDOO:U11,\D ,\Ql J3'(310:UD '9XD19enz ,\010
s(1)~9QDoD:u 11o:u •,\J?Q110S: "o1 ,\oxk91 N S1101 ·s~x1omv mx O(J,\10[).\)ny AOlD 1101 SI10'((J9 SitOl 3ri 'S~t'(XDOH 0

£91 IIOZ Oct VdO<!JVNV!l3 H)!IVO ,.3, VVVWO ZVfiVOJl ZHdcLHWHV Z91
Di\ 13ll;JOll 101D1X;J"(3 ~cbo(hDmnx ~03TI001 Alu ~lrtD 9llD 'D1DTI9i\O '9XJ.3(j
'913W prirtOfj"(]MD Di\ OD91 3TirtOD~AOD Di\ mA. ~cbOOlD Jri 5'}orimo31DD 5rto1 mx D010'9 ,1 i\D~1"(9\:)riitD 101lll'}A1\f
-DlDX DJD1rl3"(31 lL i\Dl~ Di\ 13ll;JOll ll"('9k3ri OD9U '5DJ13Dli\ 10 ~\?D"(U(,l 'DOlD'9 3TI i\DD'}OX101D1li\D i\0l)lllrtA 1\f
-01DX3 5nJDlrt3"(31 5lll ~Xon Alll JD1Xo'9 rto:u '}OriD111"(0ll i\m)DXO\f i\0l1 )038 10 10"(9 119 3D0l10Jll31(,l i\O:)"(ll Jll3
'}OX1AO"(Oi\X31 rtOl ~cbrtoox i\UlD 3TirtOD'98cb Di\ mA. D1i\90X · i10"(J3 N rw1 530'} ririLt"(:tr
rtOllJ03ll 00n l MO~JOOfjD ·x·n
000"Z mx (Xll 08~'6) 5:)X113A03rt3 511 3ri 31ll1ll:)i\rtD ilOll 'rt0)013~ rt01 ~"(01Di\D
DJDlrt3"(31 i\Ul Ollrll90ll i\DD 3rin.OD~10llOri1DlLOX S\f ·5~cb i\U10 i\Dl9~1DD\J 01A9"(0ClJrill 9XD1lllrtk 1D OJDXOD OJ,
-OOlDDlDX 5lll lLDDlX:) i\Ul 3ri DA0"('9i\D '53(,lJOUl31"(1X 5:)1 '5D"(91X
-3XOD 13D~mox Di\ i\91Di\rt(,l 1Di\)3 591\0AJA 01 91rl\f 'i}OriD 13D~10ll03fl i\DXJ3 01 i10ll '}Oi\DOilQ rlOl 0010'9 0031C)JX1li\
-111"(01! rlOl DJAOrt01TIUQDi\D lL J1flrl0"(0XD 1DX ~c!JOOlDDlDX -DrillD 01 i\Dl~ 5010)3~ o 5ilO)lllrtk1\f 5rtO)DXon 5it01 mA.
i\Ul '91Jri 9i\3X 9X11X1"(3~3 Di\:) i\91!10"( 3rin.oXg,. ,.53"("('9 mx 119 3D0l10Jll31Q mx rt01 '9i\rt30;J i\U1 i\OO:)cbDlQi\3 00319D
mx A'}O\:)rin.D ne 5c;J"(DcbDn mx 5Jcboowmnx 5:)"("(01! -01031! 3ri 3D1X:)i\ilD "(llTI:)J, 103:U:ri9d 0 rtOl'}Ol i\1ll91D)[
i\DDU\:):)1\rlD i\9fl"(30Dll OlD,. O)Di\Ufl\f i\01 Di\(1)"(9~ OlD 13:)"( ~'91i\3A 3D '91i\3A
Di\ 1Dl30:)cb n.o:u n.om'}A.1\f SLt1 50(,l.J.D~ 5Ltl 5DJ031fjmO:u o 9llD '9X100GJOOll i\D~D\JJ~)D13ri i\Ul mx D1i\90X 53(,l'91"(1X
Di\ml'9"(U rt01 01DUJJ, i\01D 1Dl30:)cbDi\D DlD19X1mririnok mx C..'J(,l3 5oJ3Dc;Ji\k 5lll 5~Hm 10X01'9X ADD~ 10JD1rt3"(31
-11!3 5:)lrtD 5:)cbOOlDDlDX 511 D1J '('X'll 08~'6) DJ131"(1X 10 5om DJOOllD ll 1Dl'9M3A. 5nri 'AOXA91N 5rt01 3ri m
Ltol Alll '91DX 11i\ro1'(11Xil3V ilOl. 50"(J1 mx OOO'EZ mx -DriD'903:trriilD D1C,>J DlD D1ll9XD3"(Ul Di\OOXA'}D m 3ri 531\0TI
ooo· a '}~m3ri ilO.I.St.l.(j iloL ·t>01imo01qDoo:u '}OX1i\oox -~1011!3 10 i\D~U"(;JlDX D1DcbD90ll 51"(9ri i\D 'S0li\;JTIOll3
5i}O\J10XD DJ3X101D JriitoX:) Di\ 5JOmX 5:Jcboownwx 5lLDmX;J ·.. 5omo9D mx 8 rtO:UJ03:u
5Ll"('9A3ri '313"(:)8 i\D ~ 5:)X1TIDOX 51301 )3\JTiilO MOX;J 5~ri 5rlOflJA3ri lDi\)3 8. 5010)3~ o, 119 rt01 ll1:)"(3ri 9llD '913ri
-A.11D 10X91i 31irtO~JO(l)i\A DD9 3ri Di\0lcbli'}D 119 'LllDC)li\ADi\D 3~U"(;J1DX X0'9"()[ Oi10flOV.: 59X1Drtcb001DD 0 i\O;J"(ll Jll3
i\Ol JYin.oD~oocbooll"(:tr Di\ oriw~ilX Am~ Dfl 5mDJ C)l(,l3 '3191 1llX]ri '}OTI"(DfjcbO '}Oi\rirtA. '91(,' i\D19i\ mcb i\3(,'
'J 010)3~ 11919 'rtol ~~ODll'} ll Ufl()J1Dfj3\J3:tr3 '\fUH Mll '}OX11rtDN
i\01 mx 8. 010)3~ i\01 '5'}0\/0i\rtD z 13X:) 5010J3~ o''1t9 31\:)"( rt01 ilOJ3l:OXD0031DD rt01 11\D"(llTii\311\)V XAi\1\:)0Li\01 9llD
5nri 5Ltli~101ll3 5lll '90rt3"(ll i\Ul 9llD 10ri9i\0010D 10 8. 5010)3~ 0 DJXrtl1ll3 3ri 3Xltfj~cbnoA.mmcb rtOll 'QL6l OJ,
·nxo'9\J D1i\'90iW nni 3D DD:)ri 5rtocb 'D1i\90X Dli\~31! 3fl'9X
-9ihMD Z 3TI J~Dri U'}3(,l1~Dl Di\ 010)3~-D(,l1DLi\Ul i\Di\D10 '\f 010)3~ i\01 91m CQO'}k ~cbOOlD nni 31\DX:) OJO:UO 01 '(8.
-JODllDi\D 101lll'}A1\f 10 '91\Xrt~ '50AmJOL) rtOl 91i01031DD 5010)3~) D9ll0"(rt1XDV i\D~DTI9i\0l OJOllO 01 0010'9 Oi\Xilll
i\01 3ri i\Dl9~1lrtm '5Lll 59cbOOli\'}D 59X).3(j 0 '5101D0, 0 -O;J:U:rt DAJ 1Di\)3 119 i\D~10C)li\A i\O:)"(ll Jll3 mx ilOOlD'9 '}OlrtD
'010)3~ i\01 '59M)[ rtOl 001D'9 01 3~1"(9\JriilD 51DL'938 H '}OOX1ri rt01 ll~ODll'} i\U1 mA. i\D~10C)li\A 11919 01X)\? i\DXJ3

~9! llOZ O.L \1 dO<f>VNVlE! H)!IVO ,.3, VVVVIIO 3:\IHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHVIIHV t9l
 166 L'-HMHTPHl: fi_OABAl: OMAL'-A "E" OAIKH EIIANA<I>OPA TO 2011 167

ylci'JTwoav SETQEA/ccq.tEVOl arr6 TO cp6~o TOuc;, xm m6av6- <PaOCac;. Ac; acpfioollf.!E nc; rtEQWTQOcpec;. H rrgo'CotogCa
tata, Qxl a1;w/c6you JtVEWLanxfic; cJT66f.l11c; aA/ca ~lOAOYl­ vue; e(vm 11 VllBoA.oyCa [.lac; ~E~ata wxuaxm to avtCotgo-
xa ~lWOlf.!Ol. (IIwc; Ba YlVOTCIV av 0111V moxfi ~lClc; OE ~lla cpo, "11 f.!UBoA.oyCu eCvm 11 rrgo'iotogCa [.lac;". 'Orrwc; xm 11
ExtETCIVEV11 xmaotgocpfi yA.unuvav A.Cyol ogwC~LOl ~ooxoC MllGoA.oy(a rwv aA.A.wv A.awv rtoll 6oo rraA.m6tEQO rroA.t-
fi tCrrota EQyatec; OQUXELWV xa~uivm OE xaJTOla moa. Me tWf-!6 exow t6oo mo xovta ota yeyov6ta rroll Citabga[.ta-
Tl EcpO<'llCI EXt6c; 111c; ltQOcpO(llXijc; rraga00011c; Ba Ol!VEXll:;av tCo011xav [.lac; cpEQVOUV. l'.(xma 6a avagwt116ELtE Tl OOU-
t11 blCllCOVW11 tou eC<'iouc;:). AElU e;x;guv Ol [.tll8o1coyCec; t(t)V aAA.wv A.milv. 'Htav t6oo
!::ecpuyaf.!E 6~twc;. ECxavE uvmpega rtQlV 111v rragevBwfi XataAlJTLKfi 11 JtaQOllO(a xal 11 liga011 toll'EAA11Va OtO
vac; 6n yuuw one; 25.000 XQOvlu xm agxloE va OUfl~aC­ rrayx60f.!LO yCyvw8m cilotE eCvm abtav611TO va V11 yCvnm
vet. 0 IIA.uvfit11c; v6A.lc; £xa mgaoa 111v rraA.moA.l0Lx11 vvda yl' aut6v, rravtou xm rravtotE. M6vov rtoll ECvm
moxfi TOU. Ol avBgwrrm aoxoAOUVTCil f.!E TCl xaB11~tEQl va XQU1tQOYQacp11VEV11. O'EA.A11vac; exovtac; nc; YEVEtlXEc; tOll
TOUc; VJTOQOUV va OlClcpEVTElJO\JV TOV ECIUTO TO<Jc; art[vavn f.!Vfif.!Ec; euxo1ca va i)QEl T11V aA.fi8aa rrCow arr6 ta ygacp6-
or11v rravCoxllQ11 cpuo11. Kan 6~w1c; mJv~uCvEl, xm agxCl:;el veva.
vta TCIXUTEQ11 E1;£A.Ls11. 'Etm EXOllf.lE 111v rrg6obo uAA.a bev ECxave Ciev Eixave cp8aoave ot11v 2411 XlA.tnCa. 'Exa
eCvm t6oo urrowA.EO~tutlxfi 6rrwc; Oa EltQEJTE. 'Exouf.!E ylu fi611 aQXLOEl 11 TV11VCI1txfi KC1Ta~u8w11 tUJV xaf-!11AWV Tf-!11-
TCl xa)ca f.lltEl 0111V 2411 XlAlEtCa. 0 avOgwrroc;, o'EA11V, [.tatwv t11c; AlytCbac;. Karrma ~aG~ttaCa avoooc; T11c; OTa8-
avBgwrroc;, 0 I1e/caoy6c; JtOll agy6TEQU (1a OVO[.tU00£C ~t11c; nuv 8u1ccwociJV, vta rrugmetav£v11 rtEQCo.Soc; tfil;ewc;
'EAA.11v ylatC Ciev llrtfigl;e mo JtQl v xavCa rregloxfi toll rrA.a- tlUV rtaywv OE OWOllaO[.tO VE 11<patOtlaxfi XCil OElO[.llXfi
vfit11 JtOlJ va ava(iu611XE art6 T11V XUb11V ~tal:;a, ltQl V T11V 6gao11 rrgoxaA.EOE TO cpmv6f.!EVO. IIgerra va toVLOOllf.!E 6tt
IIeA.uyovLxij Ogoouga ve xevtgo tov 'OA.llvrro. 11 xata~uew11 OEV llrtfiQsE axagwCa una TV11[.tanxfi.
100.000.000 XQOVLU rraA.m6tEQU EC vm tu rrngw~tata tOll I1A11f.!VUQEc; EltL[.lOVEc;, cpoUOXW[.ta TWV rrotavwv xm TUJV
OA.uvrroll urr6 to a[.teowc; Y11Qm6tego ~ow6 toll rrA.avfit11. Alf.!vwv, xarrmoc; oewv6c; xarrwc; WXllQ6tegoc; rrou avoC-
Tote agxCt;a to oeutego vegoc; 111c; e1;£A.Ls11c;. Ol EA.oxECv YEL t11 O(obo tUJV l'.aQOUVEALUlV, 011[-llOUQYEL T11V xm/caou
xata TOV EQVfi TOV TQLOVEYlOtO fi Ol UlO( tOU 8cou xata tUJV TE[.tltWV J{(!l to abElUO[.ta T11c; ewoaA.txfic; ACvv11c;,
t11v avnygucpfi toll 0t11v rEvvw11 t11c; BC~AOll ~Qfixav 6rrwc; mCo11c; xm 111v tegaona cpollOXWf.!EV11 Hvv11 xm to
wguCec; nc; 6llym£gec; rwv av6gtimwv xm ewfi1c0av rrgoc; AlWOLVO tUJV rraywv T11c; VE011V~QlVijc; PwoCuc;-MuilQ11c;
uutac;. Ma ~eA.tCwo11 ~loA.oylxij £xavav! Km llrtijgl;av ot 8a)caooac;. ~tyci una OTU8ega 11 Aty11Cba y(vetm Atya(o
fCyavrec;. Km vna: Meta £ytve 11 flyavwvaxCa! IIm6c; 6rtoll el;exow ta VljJ11AOTEQU 011[-lELa t11c; rralcmac; s11Qac;.
vac; to AEEl, Ma agxetoC. 0 ArroA.A.6bwgoc;, 0 IICvoagoc;, Ot JtEQlOOOtEQOl IIeA.uoyo( xcitmxm t11c; AtytC.Suc; rravag-
m f.lll8oA.oyCec; xm agxetoC xaA.A.l texvtec; f.!Etal;u alltwv o xmm'EA.A11VEc;, Ol artOXA118EVtEc; ltQOOEA11VEc; (we; ltQO'ti-
rtOl D13A]Urto lt ·Lt9 wrln:rrl9 01 1DAJ3 l.t'(;J:LO:L.010V rt01 5mA;_l8mDD19 Srto'{'{p 5rto1 31i ADXlt8<;JA3 mx ADDlt'{J3X3~
1DX DAO>ll}'(ll rt01 '\t '(XDOH rt01 50A0/..9:U:D 5J3ADX 1J:Jl 5rto1 53~JO 511 3rl AD~1r1Dr;JAD~ Am1 ~mo01omDx Alt1 9:U:D
-)30(1)38 DAm/.. ltX~8ArtD ~ADX11DX DJDX/..DAD 1D1tL'D03ri~D AD8'{~Mo ~oci:lD DO<;J1 mx l?'t'tV 'D9JA.1V Altw 138'{}WX
10X;Jri MO~)rirt8 01 5Dri DA ADD11A90ci:> ltX~8D1DXJ:J0))]1 3XJ3 AmJO:U:o Aml Soo;_lrl 'D'{~cl:l px1/..DD'{3U DmXOl)lAD:U: 9:U:D
ADD ADoltcl:>p 5Drl rto:u: 5rto1 l)lA3rlpx m 3rl 10Ao/..9o:u: 5Drl 10'{'{l)l ADl~ A39 rtO:U: 'SrtOXJOWX 53A08X9lrtD 5rt01 3rl ADD
10)DXOD 10 rto:u: OY.."'/."9 11l)lX mx 1D13~l)l130X '3:VVV3 DJODri -Lt 8 x1nDAD rto:u:9 5DJ 9 Dxov 5Lt1 pArto\J Dw 3A.rtm 9wx 1Ap\J
-OAO Alt1 130;Jdl rto:u: 5r101l)lO)l rt01 531)'{01£ 31DDriJ3 11.9 59A -DODX 5;!8lt'{:U:rt'{O:U: l)lX113XD DAtL '5D13'{l)ldlDD 5lt1 DrtU]X3
-0/..3/.. 01 J3XOD 31~0 'rt01 531<;J11D010 5rt01D 5]'{01A3 3A199 m ADAX1399 5rto1 r;JArtog m mx 53wcl:lo9o:u: Am~ 53J013:U:rl3
5ooqAD~\I'(V SD!.;JW o mx 5lt1 5~orloltoX 5rt01 303dl90:U: 5;_lxDx 10 11919 3101Al)l:U: l)lArwg m:;:: ·so9"9't't3 5~xumo13:U:H
D~Ort U lt DJO:U:O Altl 3rl DDD<;J'{A. D19J Altl 3rll)l'{1ri 119 01 5lt1 mx r;JArtog pxumoDOX1ri m Soo:u: A91£10'{ ADXI.t:u:r;ol
9:U:D OA91i 1D13~J0019DOO:U: A39 53Alt'{'{1:LJ10Dri)3 119 OJ, 'D;_l1lt '{3riD ADD~ 5rt01 rt0:U:91 rt01 SltD1Al)ld:lD~3 5DJ39DO£}
Slt1 mDril)8 D1 11919 l)lODgoo ~'{O:U: 1X9 l)l'{'{D rt01 53)103
jA(tOOI.tOAD1DX DA 131!\JOll pm}, OOA 5u 9:u:D Drlm~J03~ 01 9:u:D 10A;JrimilDxoo Dm\:);Jg Am~
-l}llDODll 3TI»rftl}ol.. DD\) Dl A\)1!10'( 3TirtOAJ?~TID'(DADll:tl 'Q031D10V 1DX 'Q1~3V AD/..njJ]19 CtO:U: )01rtV 'ADXlt:U:9XDAD
rtO:U: J01rtD ')O/..DD'{3:U:01D/..1V 10 ADADX;_l A9:U:10'{ l)l1rtV ''QX
'5)3ADX J38DD1AJ:Jdl DA J300:U:ri A39 ODQ, -11Dri/..DO:U: 1DX l)lX100ci:lDJ.3rl 'lt9X9 D03:U:J1AD AltlD ADDDO;):U:
·prtoxDrl ~'{O:U: Dop:u: AD/..~:u: 119 1Dl3AJD<l> ·5oo;Jrl 3D Soo;Jrl 1DX 513Dl)l13~3 ADXi.t89V' ·S~Xrtl1:U:3 3~0~:U:rL 119 1Dl3A JD<J;>
9:U:D l)l03A D1 AD0~09lt:U: J1D1/.. 5rWXl)lOW8: ADO DA<D1l)l'{ll 't10'{l)ldnx/..3 1101 lt~1'{;J~313rl mrl 3~0~:U:rt A10:U: 01U ·rw
A01 39 9:U:D MD30~310DAD131i A(!Jl rt0'{9Xrt3 rt01 5DJ1 -)3X1ow r;too/..rt rt01 Slt~~3~ Slt1 mi99 01 DA01A? J3'{oXoD:u:D
-1D~3 5~o/..OD'{3ll ADD ltAl)ldl01010V A01 9:U:D 5rtOl 9ri010 5rto1 DA 3mXop DO<;Jl ·srrmrlpw:u:DOD:u: ~ 5rrOJDAri1'{ Srto1
-lt1XDODX A01 31irtoX;J 1D11:.L'lt'{O:U:9illltW Alt1 'oo1A;JX Soo:u: 9:U:D 591X3 '1013/..9D3rl ADD~ 0)3X101D 90/..rr 01 13D~'{OXDmm
D130;Jci:l103:U: Alt1 9:U:D ltOltA )X Ori009l)lAD 3rlrWX;J D0319/..0D 3XJ3 5rr01 A39 3191 10X;JW 'DJAmA10X11£3 Alt1 ADD~01lt~11!3
1'{l)l:U: 1D)l yx 53Al)lriD8V '53AOJDU '53A09!.~W '1Al)l111W '3Ar;J:U: DA AD'{38~ 'l)l1DltA D'{'{r;J AD:U:3'{£};J miltXop ADD
'10JD113X 'JD1D3Xrt3U '3oHDAJO Sm:u:9 'Dmrl9w ii3bmp19 -{ll10A3 D1Dlti\ DlD 10A3rimA01iO:U:D 011! 10 DX1AffiJ:J';1 'OriD11
" " "' " ........ "'
5mAoAp\:)riD'{ 9x1031/..mo3 mo SDJDV ·w 5lt1 10 mx Do;;:u: -1'{0:U: 9X19D'{X11)I Oriltffi)03:U: A01 3Dlt/..o~01rilt9 A<;J11Drl A(l)1
o1:u: Ltrl9xD mx ADJ'{mJ 5oo:u: ADOrt31Dl)lADl3ri 5mAo~n Dri/..10Al)l 01 9111V ·SnJAmA10X1:u:J ltX/..'Qi\D 9:U:D i\ll0~391~D1
-13X3~ 1'{l)l:U: mx 'f}'{'{V · A<;J!.OD'{3U01D/..1V Am1 ltA~Dm1rtDN DA ADD1Xilp 1DX 5rt01 D1ll)lri Dl AD~10Ar;J SltX/..r;JAD ~3 1DX DO
ltlD S10pX Slt1~o)l 1ilX}rl D119 N mx So/..D'{;J:U: 01A9J -oA~o,\. l)ll3XOD 10)01£0 10 J013XOD i\DXltl~3\,l1/..D:u: DA 5mri9
ow 5ltA<;J900V Slt1 Am;JoO Am1 D19 mx 5m;_l DM)lrlrto1:;:: 13:U:;_lOU '(DO<;JX ~X11D1DDOX1W mx D9'1}'{'{3 ~xum013:U:H)
9:U:D OA3ri9A131X3 013'{JDD8: OJD1A3 DA} AD03'{}13:U:D 1DX D0}1010D 1DX l)l1~39 ADD1:U:09XD (Slti\~'{33:: Slt1 S31AOXilp:u:
69! !!OZ Ol VdO<I>VNV!EI H)[!VO ,.t[, VVVWO 3:VHVOIJ 3:HdlHWHV 89!
170 I'.HMHTPHI f!Oi\BAI OMAI'.A "E" 01\!KH EITANA<l>OPA TO 2011 171

AC~wTO<; xm TO LEQ6 Ix<SJQ nou QEEL oTO a(f!a Tou ngayfta- cpogonm~oEL<; TOll DNA avaptwa on<; buo JtEQLITTWOEL<;
nxou'E1c1cnva 6CvovTa<; [lta tOlaLTE(JOTT]Ta OTO DNA TOU, Xat [!6.ALOta va ITQOObtoQLOOllV TOll<; 1c6you<; yta TOU<;
TTJV ono(a n o1JYXQOVTJ mwT~f!Tl EXEL Em~E~mwoEt. H Em- orro(oll<; ot ngonm ct;acpav(mnxav w<; <pllA~ EVW m OEUTE-
~E~a(won aut~ xa86J<; xat 6.Ha owtnEQ6.0f!aTa an6 JtQ6- gm (EAAHNEL) owcxCsouv va llnagxow. Lllox£noav
mpmE<; f!EAETE<; JtOU ea OOU[!E JtaQaX6.TUJ dvat aXQl~W<; Ol mCon<; TTJV ct;aQUTJ TCJJV nhaxwv xnAC<'>wv xat n<; ouyxE-
1c6ym yta TOll<; ono(oll<; m ouyxQovot El;ollmam£<; 6.gxt- xgq.tEVE<; 8EUEL<; JtAaVT]TlOV f!E TT]V Ei;a<paVLOT] TWV ((JllACllV
oav va aVT]OUXOUV yw TT]V JtOQELa TUJV [!EAAOVTLXWV TOll<; aurwv1".,-,,~vw Evt6muav w;' xoovtxc<; mgt66oll<; xar6. n<;
1::;

oxE6Lwv. fta To 1c6yo am6 ngoon6.8noav va xgm~oollv OJtOLE<; OTO [!OcAOV OL :tAaVT]TLXE<; UllYXUQLE<; xm Ta T]Ata-
6oo f!ltOQOUoav fllJOTLXE<; 6AE<; aut£<; n<; EQEllVE<;. xa UOJ[lal:LOW Jt01J <p86.vow OTT] YYJ d Vat c)wm6 va EVE(l-
0 ECpt6.ATTJ<; nov ouyxQovwv El;ollotamwv 6.QXLOE f!E yortm~UOlJV xat va a<punv(oouv ci;EALYf!EV01J<; na(l6.yovw:;
TT]V qt<p6.VLOT] TT]<; AotQOYEVEtLX~<;, flla<; vear; EltLOT~[lYJ<; rou EAAYJVLXOU DNA rroll £xollv TYJ 6war6TYJTa va o6YJy~­
JtOll aOXOAEL Tat [!E TT] [!EAETT] TOll TQOJtOU [!E TOV ono(o Ta oouv tYJ <puA~ or f!W v£a ~tE'(a1cwo6n JtO(JELa 6nw<; xat
OUQ6.vta OWflaTa Xat t6ta( TEQa 0 ~A to<; EltlOQOUV moue; m:nv agxat6TYJTa. Arr6 TO 1970 1com6v rrou o1coxAYJQC08YJ-
~LOAOYLXOU<; QllB[!OU<; xm tou<; yEVETLXOU<; JtaQ6.yovTEc; xav m JtQ<iJTE<; fLEAEtE<; TYJ<; AoTQOYEVETLx~c; oxntx6. f!E nc;
TOU av8QWJtOll. Avaxa1cu<p8nxc 1cotn6v £mOTTJf!OVtx6. 6n Em6Q6.UEtc; nov OllQ6.VLOJV acopt6.Twv oro DNA <pUAEnxwv
m cm6Q6.0EL<; nov ollgavLlov owpt6.Twv mo a6uvapto OflabOJV OL EJtLOT~[!OVE<; EyVCOQLsaV OTL ana TO 1997 f!E TYJ
[layvnnx6 m6Co TTJ<; YTJ<; Jt(J01WAOUV acpEv6<; yEvEnx£<; uuvo6o Twv rr1cavYJTWV OuQavo{i-1\.Ca one; agx£<; TOll
flETaAAai;EL<; OTa XUTTaQa JtOll ~(JLOXOVTaL OTYJ Ota6txao(a Zw6Coll TOll Y6Qox6ou t;Extv6. [!La JtEQCo6oc; £vEgyono(YJ-
TT]c; [!L TWOT]<; XaTa TYJ OUAA T]1jJT] XaL a<pETEQOll EVEQ'/OltOL- OYJc; yovt6Cwv TOU EHYJvtxou DNA Ta orro(a OE JtQWTYJ
OUV, x6.Tw an6 xm6.HT]AE<; ouv8~xE<;, 6uvaTOTTJTE<; toll <p6.0YJ 8a AEL TOllQY~OOUV OE EJtLJtEOO a<pUJtVLOYJc; TUJV OllVEL-
DNA nou ~(JLOxovTm oc 1cav86.volloa xm6.owon. Ci~UEWV oTov EH YJVtx6 XWQO. Ta anoTEAEOf!ata autwv
Ka8w<; TO EVOLa((JE(JOV TWV EQEUVT]TWV TYJ<; TCJJV EQEUVWV YVWUTOJtOL~8YJXaV Xat OTa XEVTQa TWV Ei;Oll-
AOTQOYEVETLX~c; SE<flll'/E aJt6 TYJ flEAETT] TWV EJtLOQ6.0EWV maOTWV JtOll an6 TOTE i;EXLVT]UaV EVaV aVYJAE~ ltOAE[lO [!f.
JtOll ITQOXaAOUVTat OE aTOfllXO EITLITEOO Xat EltEXt6.f1T]XE OE uxon6 va avax61)Jollv f!E x6.8E pt£oo TYJV nogda TWV el;EAL-
EQEllVE<; 6.Hou<; Emrr£1\ou, m cmoT~f!OVE<; ~Q£8nxav JtQO t;Ewv amwv. IIgwra-ngciiTa XQYJf!aTo66TYJoav To ng6-
cxn1c~t;Ewv. LllYXEXQLf!EVa EQEUVYJoav TO DNA <pllAWV yga[lpta avBQwmvoll yov6TllJtOu (HUMAN GENOME
JtOll aVErrtlll;av JtOALTLO[!OU<; XaL EV OllVEXELa El;a<pav(OTYJ- PROJEKT) xm <'>llf!LOUQYYJOav YJAEXTQOVLxouc; anoxw6t-
xav (INKAL, MAfiAL) xa8w<; xat <pu1cliiv nou Em[!E- xo:tOLYJTEc; TOJV yovLOLWV yta va [!EAET~OOUV OE ~a8o<; TT]V
vouv va EJtl~LWOOllV OTT] Ot6.QXELa TOJV aLWVWV mgCnrwoYJ. 'ETm avax6.1c ll1)Jav 6n XQYJOLf!OITOLWVTac;
(EAAHNEL). Km6Q8woav ETOL va EVTon(oollv n<; 6ta- flETa1c1cay[!EVa TQO<ptfla arr6 ra ono(a o av8gwm voc;

' i
172 t.HMHTPH:l: f!OABA:l: OMAL'.A "E" OAIKH EIIANM>OPA TO 2011 173

OQ'(UVLO~O£ JW.LQVEL nc; [36.0EL£ JtOU XQEL<i~nm yta TO OX11- enxav ra a.QxaCa EUnvtxa xm acpmQE811xav m T6vm w
~ano~6 TOU DNA, 8a ~JtOQOUoav va avax6\jJouv EV nvEuftma xm w yQa~rta N ato T£A.ot; OQW~£vwv Hl;rwv.
~EQEL T11V EVEQ'(OJtOL11011 TWV EJtL~UXWV yovLOLWV. Am6c; OL OUYXQOVOL d;oumaot€c; ~E nt; ouvm6t11TE£ 111£ OTJVEQL-
ELVUL 0 A6yoc; JtOU EXOUV KaTUKAUOTEL OL U'(OQEc; ~E ~E1UA­ v~c; EJtWT~~11c; yvwQCsovtac; 6n ACyoc; xmQ6c; tauc; ano~~­
Aay~£va TQOC(JL~a xm ELOLK<i u~QL<''na nou XQYJOL~onmou­ VEL, JtQ00Jt0.80UV VE xa8E ~EOO VO. Jt~OAU~01JV Ta yeyovo-
vTm mtc; yEWQYLKEc; xanLEQYELEc;. Km OE ma~<i11100.V ta eyxa8wtwvTac; £vTEXVa vta ITayxoovw mxovovonoA.L-
rt6vo EXEC. Ka8wc; OQLO~EvEc; ~EHTEc; [oed;av 6n 11 tLK~ &ynaTOQLO. ~E lT]V OJtOLO. 6nwc; VO~(sou; 8a ~vax6-
En11vtx~ yA.waao. EXEL OQLOfLEvec; LOLm1EQOT11TEc;, 6aov \jJOUV xa8E evEQYEta acpi)nvwnc; tou En11vtxou JtVEUfLatoc;
O.C(JOQU T11 XQ~011 tWV cpWVT]EVtWV, Kat EJtLJtAEOV OTL OL xm xm' EJtEKT0.011 oA.6KA11Q11c; T11c; av8QWJtOT11tac;.
OOV~OHc; JtOU JtQOEQXOVTaL O.JtO 111V JtQOCpOQU TWV fLO. t11V OAOKA~QW011 tWV axeo(wv Touc; ea JtQOXWQii-
En11VLKWV AE/;EWV E/;LOOQQOJtOUV TO OQ~OVLKO OUOTT]~O. aouv fLE 111 f)o~8ELO. 111c; EJtLOT/i[L T]c; O.KO~11KUL 0111V KAWVO-
Kat XQUtOUV EVEQYOJtOLT]VEVU ;ca;row ouyKEKQL~EVO. yov(- Jto(11o11 avflgc!mwv ~E ouyxEKQlVEVO yov6tuJtO JtOU 8a
OLO. OL ei;oumaotl'c; [xavav TTJV mCflw~ Touc; xm OE au16 e( vm unaxoum one; evwA.£c; touc; xm oev 8a EXOliV avE-
TOY TO~EO.. E(vm yvwo16 6n m'Ennvec; ELVUL OL ltQWtOL I;aQT11o(a nveuvatac;. 'OA.a auta vo~Csouv nwc; 8a, ta
JtOU XQ110LVOJtOLT]OO.V cpwV~EVta 0111 yA.coooa TOU£ YEYOVO£ £xouv neTUXEL ngtv r11v daooo tou nA.aviiT11 IToaaowva
nou ELXE oav anoTEAEOfW TTJV <'ita oov~oewv EVEQyono(non 010 Zwow twv Ix811wv 11 ono(a Oa JtQo.y~monm118d to
taU O.QLOTE(,>OU T~/i~atoc; tOU av8QWJtL YOU EyXECpUAOU XUL [toe; 2012 KUL (:)a 011fLaVEL T11V JtAr\(!11 EVEQYOJtOL11~11 TOll
ETOL ELXU~E T11 ~EtatQOJTii TOU UQLOTEQOXELQU JtQWT6yovou EA. A. 11 vtxou yov6tunou auftcpwva ve 111 8EWQW T11c;
av8Qwnou oe OE/;t6XELQO.. EmnA£ov m 16vm xm TO. nvEu- AotQoyevenx~c; nou avacpEQ811XE nagan<ivw.
~ata TTJ£ En nvtxii; yM>ooa; xm<i TTJV av<iyvwon Twv ME toY Al.tl;o:vbgo to Mtyo:, TO M£ywto twv
xa~[vwv 011VLOUQyouv onnx<i EQE8Cowna nou owtav(- EU~vwv xm 6A.11c; 111c; av8gom6tntac;, xA.dveL vta WTOQL-
sow To. xuvma tou eyxEcp<iA.ou. To Coto au~BatvEL fLE TTJV xii JtE(!Coooc;, 11 enoxii tau "KPIOY" xm UQXLsEL va ava-
ltQOC(JOQ<i TOU '(Qa~fLmoc; N OTT]V xaraA 11STJ OQLOVEVWV TEA£L fLLa <iAAll JtEQCoooc;, o "IX0Y:E". ,
Hi;ww 6moc; xm VE TTJ XQ~OTJ xAL~axwv TTJ£ rwumxiic; nou H Erroxii twv Ix8uwv eCvm 11 moxii rrou 11 av8gwrroT11-
~Tav OtaOEOO~EVE£ 0111V UQXO.LO. Enaoa ana O~[LEQU ta EXEL va odl;a 6,n to XELQOTEQO.
l'xouv KO.TaQYTJ8EL L'..ev e(vm A.mn6v aves~YTJTEc; m 011AW- 0 AvElgwrroc; autiiv t11V erroxii EXO.OE xa8E ai;Ca.
oac; 6nwc; EKELVTJ ~E r11v onoCa JtQrl>TJV A[LEQLKav6c; JtOAL- A nv<io811KE, UAll000EEl11KE, 0011Yii811~E Ot11V ~uga ~m
nx6t; S11taUOE O.JtO wuc; O~o(ouc; taU va KTUJt~OOUV T11V o€xH 11xe Touc; XELQOTE(!Ouc; el;neuA.wvouc; nou VEXQL TOtE
noA.monxii KA11QOVOVL<i 1wv En11vwv xm LOLaLtEQU '11 OEV ELXE orx8eL '
yA.wooa vac;. Out£ ltQEJtEL va vac; sEVL~EL '(LUTL KUCO.QY~- AA.A.a xm OL vao( Ko.L ana av8QWltLVO. UQLOTOUQY11~0.-
 'D19AOA3A 5DJDmilW 5DJ10D031 01}(/ AI}O\Jrii1D "5ll)Drl(-)0111ll mx 51100098 '5llJ30<{All lllllriA J3<{00ll1L
D8 llOZ 119 5J3ADX 1Dl3Alj\JriD"(11AD (l)Alj:U:DODlJ: Dl 9:U:V lJX},mOll 13~ljl001J: llA ll1llt)}\J 31()0 '91i0111"(0Il 9X1All"("(IJ
'DAll 't'tt:LI101 AmJC?1AOA Am1 5mDrii}X 01ll "(\JO}:U:I1All A01 13~J3<{lli\ll Di\ llD}8 3D ADl~ ll8 i\3(/
I}OX11D1A:U:11dJD 110}A 59A3 1(/ljlillD '9011D1D '"(ll(/ '5DA(l)llj"(ll '()OriD111"(0U mx 5mnriJV 5ln9A10)! Sm 130~A.ilrwyDA3ri DA
0 130;JdmAD 11011: X 01Alj0110 01 9~DOI10 AOlD ADD 3D'.)OOO:U:ri D8 i\3<{ Am,\ll"("(IJ i\l1J1 50A8/J,Ol '501lll90D8D)J:
-11yrillXo 53l~AD"(:U: 10 666 T 1101 110)"(1101 50"(}1 010 11919 S~X1A(H 5lll 1DX 110J3X101D 1101iJDriO 1101 '()OHtD i13i\\i
yA.oD llq~ mA J3 51101 5)13()1J:U:DOO:U: 511 yoD:u: 5m1AlJil · Am1i9w MOriJmio mil19A3 ~X1X11~1 1llX mlu
· AmA~ "("(/1 Al)WD1DOXD -9X1lllriADO:U: ~X113"(rlcb - ~X1k0"(01~) J3"(llO:U:ll '5mmiJV rlOl
Am1 10AoA.o:u:D 101DllAA. 5m 'DCJJ1illo 5Bri3 mx 3rirtoo XJ13X}Ail0 it1llA)3 'llDI!lZ ~"(it(J.> 1))A)3 59li01Alt"('{IJ 0 'ltOD10
" ,. " "'
-pwDoil:u: DA 5o}CJX 9031 31i110X9 'llJ ~X1All"("(tl "~,10 1Dl3~ -ljlllX ~X1A3n110X10 llA}rilJiJlldm D11i J3'{3J.Ol.CD A3<{ 'DlOM)
-JMl1D1C? Dilgn 53illl"(X9"(0 S3(/JOll131"(1X 11011: '5omriJV 1101 ~)(110111"(011: lllD1<l9D D1n 1DA)3 A3<{ S91i01All'{"(3 0
5DJ3XDlloe 5lll DJ301DV Ui\OA}XOD All1 '5<;J~j10XD A~l11V iSmdJ 0113dtrilj"( D(l A1"(lj1! "'319 t'lmi~t 3130) lD)J:
· ,.5oilDgily\J All"("(3_ltri 5DU,. 119 D"(lt"( ... AOOXOdVA .. no1 ~Xom H
-yyilm: 5DlAODDI}illlxmq '50llll9X1All"("(IJ 5ll1 mll191C?1 mx i 13"()1D,\ll DA 13~JXOD ~tXom D)A mw
OJ3X1010 A01}31(1)01! 3D 'ori1min 0113DI}300ADAD ADXJ3 '5Dri ·rro1 SDilrro Sll1 Dlmill:u:rclx nm1
' ' '
JOAOA901J: 10JDXOD 10 '9111D ,1] '~X1<{DAOli 1DAJ3 Al1JA~"("(/J -rl3"(3l m 1DAJ3 y1rm mx 13k()3cb ,.:r.A0XL o S<;JX111111J
Aml 5110A)k 1101 ·~x1Xal1t mx ~X113"(11cb 'DJDXllDI1D01<{1 H '901DX
'I}OriD111"(0U 1101 OlDA98 AOl mx 5DJAmA1ox 5lll llomA OJDllU"(3l AOl D1091D1iJOX DlD AllOllO} 5,l01 1DX ADXU8
-~1XO:U:D All1 13AljrillD ll() i\(1))011:0 A(1)1 llDllJO:U:O"(it l!ll1(/}XD -<;J~103~ 'ADDU(l()3AOdJ3 101J:(l)0(JA\i ll10•)riri01DX3 D09U
'1101 lj1(/}XD yol!DOA ll1 Dl:U:OXD901J:ll 13DI)JXllri1"(X llA 1llX ·5rr01i)'{O:U: 5rWJrioox/..D:u: OI}C? SilOl nrinJcb()Cloxo:u:n 31i 10ri
13DJX3i\11D llA 31D<;J 'AmA~ "("(/J Mill 3<{ 5mJ<{1 'Al)lD"( ,\(1)1 Dllll -3"(91£ )OX1dJO(hDDlYJX 0111: 10 AD,\1/..} ~HlD 0</0)0311: AllJ,
-90311ll1(/1 ~X11D1l1"(011: 1llX ~X'IA83 Alll13DI} "(lllllX llA J3013X ·~XO:U:3 Alll A~li1D ADXU8D
-111:3 501011:0
,. o '5D1001D1
..- 5lll milmr rto1AOl1D
/ ,. 1101 ll1DI100D:U:
,. .• -JADcb7J~3 mx ADDlt8~"(01J:Oi1:U:3 lj1011lX ~ 530<;JX 53D9Il
ll 1lll3l:U:I}OXO:U:I1 '50JllO\J3 501A<;J1ll o 1lll3\JI}OX '5~dloori 5lll ·53omkyw \t1oAyw 5nJ 'yiln:u:
5~111ll 53ri1Dlj\Jll mx 5J3()ll"(llAD 'S;JX11m<{3:U:OD1 513~1}illlxmq AlllD ADOU(l}13 53X)DA11A S)X1lll3<{000:U: ~ JOdlOD 10D9U
91J:D mDJU ',."'()OriD111"(011: '5llJ3XDll08 'rtO"(I}dJ '5~yacb llD 'ADDll8X<;J1C,l3 53JC?1 10 mi9xD 5;u.-cn m)J:
-10XlJ1C? 1lllll1DJcbit,. i\3<{ 119 '5110A91 5()01llMlC? 51101 5110"(9 ·yiJ,-c:u: AlllD ADDU(l}l3 5o:u:m08A\i
30 ljX1A01illlD111:3 - 11All 11))( llllllD}<{rt311t 1r>1AOAJ31ll1({ o 130~1XO:U:D 3XJ3 !1011: 5130C)JAk 10 53"(9 1DX DJ"(\J1H
5;JX11Dll1Dll0~3 - 1101 5:J1llOlllO:U:01 mio9x
'rcm 53(/ljiccbniln:u: 'tl111J: 010 ADDll8)13 D'{"(lj 1DX J38D1ffiD(/31DX AilOX)
i\01 ljAll 10 1DX 59riD1A(1)1D 5~1\831(/ 0 '00910(1) 'll03ri~:r D"("(lj 'Dlll191J:(l)O()AD ll AD19XilDX 7J/..O) D1 ljlilD ,1/.. !101£ Dl

>Ll l!OZ O.L V dO<l>VNVll3 H)!! YO ,a, VVVWO :rvavou :l:Hd.LHWHV vLl
-ll(Jlt'fU: M)JX1i\lt"("(3 Mlli\gricni\QrlOJLJ) IJ-rioq IJ-X113i\3A lt1 1DX S3i\lt"('(3,5il01 llO:)i\ X3 3il3cb:J ("x·:u: EZ£:-9~£) SoilQi\D~?"tV
SltD):U:J S()l(JDX '5DQ'9"("(3 Slt1 i\cnXJOmx i\((}1 !J-rioq IJ-X113i\3A 5Dk:JW 0 ·x·:u: Di\()l1D Oj? i\OJ, 'IJ-X1ilcby D1Jil99: lt1D
lt1 13D'91Df\OiJD:U: Di\ 131}3:U:OXD 911lD OiJ(JiJ'9 OJ, ·SI}OriDil(J mx S()l(JDX S;nxn S:)X1i\D:U:DI Suo mx S]X1'("(DJ Suo 513'(91!
-lt"(:U: SI}OX1i\lt"("(3 SllOi\:)ri(lli\Orio:u:n lJ- Sl}oxmm i\DDlt1:)"(3ri i\DXlt(JI}0(/1 Di\OOX91ilDJ, 'DC/9'('(3 lt'(9k3W J31DDriow
Sg1ltMJil3 10"("(V.: '5DQ9"("(3 Slt1 SllOXJOlDX SllOlD DDJri Di\ IJ-X01il3:u: Lt 310()1 SD)'(D1I cn19)[ Slt1 mx 5D)'(3X1~ Slt1
-91\D Sl}orimcbilorirr"(O:U: SI}OX1i\J.31(Dil:u: lJ- Sl}oxunrill~i\3 mx SIJ-X01il3:u: SltoJ:u:J i\DD1XJo:u:n 5Ji\lt'("(3, 10 ·SnJov S9ox1w
'SomriJD 53Q9riO i\llO~JiJO(JDX 1DX i\((})(/1/\0A i\(()1 i\cndlil9riO"( Slt1 mx 5noOD'(98 Sltili}DW Slt1 S;nxn Suo mx D)i\Drillod
-lt"("(D i\cn1 531lt19i\XIlo Su i\Dolt1:)"(3ri 5Ji\lt"("(3,SrnJilllx S:Jl mx D)ilnk'(il08: IJ-Mo3rilto i\lt10 53JX1o:u:n S:)X1i\lt'('(3
-ltMJil3 )O"("(O:U: Dil3ri!J-o 1ilX91i mx 3191 9:U:V ·S3i\lt"("(3,()()~ "'nXolJ-:u:ll Di\()l1n x·:u: os i\01 LtgR ·snoon'(98 5Lto~Jnw SLt1
mx i\D\:)D"(:)1il3:u:ri,1o DM3il:J i\lt1~ ·SJilgJX S:JX113ilocbmq 91m mx llOJ3k003W Slt1 i\()l1XD i\((}1 S91i01X10:U:D 50l!)lO:U: o 13
i\()llcn1Wilw SI}Ori(l1iln Sno"(pkJri ltx)i\O"(DOD38 ltlD MWO -pi\1X3~ mx 5DQ9'('(3 Slt1 l}oriort(Jli'(:U: r101 ltolt~I}D 1mJ3illt1
-IJ-13"(3ri Di\ DJilmxrn i\lt1 i\DXJ3 rwrig"(O:U: •10)1l00XAD:U: ll01 -niln:u: ("X':U: 008-00! T) S3i\()l1D 513ill SllOi\3ri91!3 5~tm~.
-gJO:U: 1101 D13Xil91Q Lt1 91D)[ · 6!61 01 pFJJZSJJH DJilllx i\ltl 'Di\:)rioq3q px1il0101 mmx 91:u:nilk Dl '/\()leD
mx IJ-1ltkltlJD)[ i\01 9:u:n DC/9'{"(3 i\lt1D LteXIJ-~31Q SonniJn - DXODi\D i\()lX1k0'(01DXOD i\0)1 DlDrilJ-0113 Dl 9:U:D 1D13k9MD
i\cnq9rio i\Oll lt1:)"(3ri Ltl0lil:u: Lt 119 )3(J03dmi\n Di\ 13~J~V 9lrtV ·(x·:u: 00! !-()O~Z) 51J-Xo:u:3 Slti\1X'('9X 5Ltl 50'(:)1 010
·e·u·v lt:U:gJOil3 l,ti\1il3rilto lt10 Dlnrii}X 9X1XOQD1Q 91DX i\DDD(lcD:J
SIJ-X113i\3J I}01ltklt(JD)[ ltQJ"("(ilcDDli\D10J, ·)[ ·x 1101 Slt1 llO:U: 513DJX10:U:ll i\llOlt[JI}O'(OX'f '9ri0111'(0:U: 9X1 (/ll'(XIl )[
-}"(Jri Slti\3ricnillt"(XO"(O Slt1 DJ3X1ol.O 1Di\)3 9111D Di\;JriOQ3Q - i\01 mx 9X).cni\1W 01 1\ll~<'ll:U:]i\ll ll0319i\ily ·x·:u:
9X113i\3A - 9X1illD).01\:) 30 1D13~JOD\:)1DX mri '91:U:OXO IJ-XU3il ()()()9 01 9:U:D i\101! I}"(O:U: OO()JX 9X1i\lt'('(3 i\010 i\llXltlO)i\
-0cDD1Q 9:U:D nrig(J 01130Jki,300iJ:U: Di\ 131}3:U:OXO 911lD OiJ(J09 -ncbriJ Sm:u: 1D13i\)Deb SllQ9"t'(3 Slt1 1ox1o19X 101gJil:u: 10
OJ, 'Di\)ri0(/3\1 9X1AO"(OmXiln lJ- 9X1DOOl"(A '9X1il0101 3ri j j jll1iJI}riri01llX3 53Q9li\OlDX3
mBi\ JA Srne!J-Mo 5DQ9"("(3 Slt1 i\cnXJomx i\cnl Ltl:)"(3ri H 1Di\)3 5)3i\3.\.0i\lt'("(3 10 119 3rillO~J3(/0:U:D D(J (1Jl9XllilllU
'OOlti\90il3X l,tX1i\lt"("(3 i\ltl9:U:D en~] 91i0tt(Jll"(:U: 9li1i\lt'("(3
iiiVV'VVV3 nil
3ri S:JX01o3:u: 53il3191DQtto:u:o Sn 9:u:n mri 30r}o'~no:u:n -:)lltri i\ltlo i\I}Ocbnow D(J mx 9ri01qmoxo i\010 51l01 lll()li\
DJ"(OlYJi\'f lt IJ-XO:U:3 l,ti\11i\D~il8: lt1 91D)[ 'DJOOlDOY.OlllD ll1 i\llOift:)OlD lll) 9X1i\lt'('(3 llri)ll 13]0 Sll01 llriJll 010 llO:U:
IJ-XJ.Dricnd lt1 91DX SOJDriXD 3Xltl)IJ-illtm1Q mx ilOOQi\9~3"(\f llOJ3k003W 5Lt1 JOll'( 10 10"(9 VNG ll01 ,.ltoltM]Alli\D,. i\lt1
il0'(9A3W il01 i\cnX9QD1Q i\(()1 D13'(JOD8: 9X1101i\lt'('(3 3ri 119 JrillOD)i\01 5no lli\ 13:U::)O:U: 9X1(/13 oil311}3(/ 01 ll1J
D1 9:U:D DO:)ri D1i\9iJX ()()(; 9:U:D D031 9 00'I03:U: D1A i\DXlt10JX
'.AOOXOdV' .A ll01 ,.llOC/9103:u:,.
-3MO S9riD1i\lt"("(3~3 o mx 59ri01X10:U:J 0 ·nJI:Jnilv i\lt1 mx SD:)i\ Slt1 cn.\.9'( VNG I}OX1i\lt'('(3 llOl ,.LtoltM]klli\D,. H (1:)
Oll!llkJV i\lt1 'D)Q"'I i\lt1 Sol 9ri0111'(0:U: 9Wli\lt'('(3 i\01 mx l I oz 01 913ri o,\.)'( .a. i\(1)1 lt01l3'(? H (D
LLT l!OZ O.L VdO<I>VNVlE! H)!IVO ,.a, VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd.LHWHV 9L[
UODlD'}O ~X113i\3J. lt1 mJ. DJ3X10lD i\DXU8C)J01i\3X!..rt:z 1Q . AC)l!..D'('(DODll AC)JX1rirt~A3 1DX AC)JX1i\).31(l)Oll i\(!)1 lt1J'{3rl
·(z '1) rtOJ3!-003W Slt1 530C)JX mx m<;>JA0!-1}'('(01! 1D13AJ!.. Di\ 301XO"&J 9L6I 01 91lD 01Q"&J10 01)01 DAJ 3:Z "501
m,\. DA;Jrl0<;>3<;> i\DXlt8~101lOTI10ltoX 91rlD 91lOXO 01 D1J -DTIJD 53Q"&J1iO 10 1D1i\'}0101lOri10ltoX Di\ i\DD1X0"9 D031 9 !..oy
. AC)J'(rtdJ 11,(!)1\11lCJl08AD i\(l)031910mt i\(!)1 1DX AC)JO(l)X AC)J1W13!.. '("'(lX 5D<;>JTI03Q11l3 5lt1 DTIC)JOX 010 Drilt10"&JAD 010
-003rl i\(!)1 SrtOXJOlDX 5rt010 D03TI"&JAD ltOD1091lD ~l\1131\3!.. 5;Joodlmq ·x·11) AC)JX1101oltlxDilDX AC)Jx1!..o'{odlilmi lt1;J'(3rl
lt mx 5C)l8DX 5rto1 '}~D13ri D13A;JUrto lt ~<;>D'(lt<;> AC)JomX AltlD 5m]ilrtx AD19~10D\J 5r_torlorr8lt'{ll 5rtOA11l()J08AD 5rr01o
AC)JXD13!-003rl A(l)1 5rtOXJ01DX 5rto10 lJ03TI"&JAD lto;JXO ~xu D03TilJAD SmJA}Urto 1J.Ori8D\J 1101 ltoltriJ1X3 lt Dih191'{Dll
-31\3!.. lt J3101001({0001l Di\ 3~1~"9 D8 D131l)i\rl0 "&JlD)! "5DJ3XO ·(Jorlorr8lt '{ll 1011,11ll!J08AD "9't'tD 5;J'(,1dJ 53Mll()J08AD ArtoX
-uo 8 mx 5Doo()J'(J. '5mu1 9 x1A8 3 s~x113oomm 9 Dri011J 9 11D -O"&Jllll. i\3<;' 119 MlO~JOU1001lrt DJ3X1010 l}X113A3!.. D1D'(9 mx
1D1i\'}0'(3101lD AC)JomX i\(1)1 AC)JHtn JOTIOrt8ll'(ll 1Q "ltllJOX AD 5lJJ'(OXrt3 Srto!-9'{ m!.. J38lt10llori1DltilX D8 ~'{rtdJ 5oo9
l}'('(Oll 30 1D1J301D1<;'01lrt rtOJ3!-003W Slt1 ~X01031l H o) SJ'(rtdl 53 A11l()J08AD 5310'}X 51301 5u mx rtOJ3!-003W
5ltl SrtOXJOlDX 511010 DlJ31ilJAD SLIOJ1l3 SC)l8DX ll.OJ3!-003W
A<)>OOOX A<)>XD13/..0D3ti i\OO"{'fl)) 5rtOX1011lX 5rt01 Slt1 AC)JomX Af0'{'("9 Am1 1DX 5DQ"9't'(3 SaoxJomx 5rww
Jti Snq'l))"{'t:il Slt1 Arox101DX AOOl ltn;JXD \tX113tl.31.. H ·n D03rll)AD Sm3AJU•10 5\.tX113AJ!.. Slt1 D1D1iO;J'(310llD Dl
i\1).010D101l00Dll DA AOO;JdlD1<;>A3 1DAJ3 rlOli).Ol 1{3 5(5 "D031
"VNG -'}OXDli ltri9XD mx llOJ3!-003W Sltl ~X01031l AUl U'{9 30 ADO
'}OXD1 o<;>AOX011TI ~ '}OX1i\UOrlll rl01 SJ]Xrto'(lt '('(D Suo -ll.31Dl)AD13rl 5JAlt '{'(3, 10 119 '3·rlnil;JdJDAD SmAJrlnoJ.Ltoilii
AC)Joodlm<;> S9rl01o01<;>ooo1! o mx SC)l8DX (VNG) '}OX1'(rt ·5,}o1ioaelt'(ll 51J.OX113ilodlmq 30 D03ri"&JAD 5m3A
'}OX113A3!.. '}OX1i\UOrtll rt011DX '}OXD10<;'AOX011TI rtOl '}Ori01dJ -}J.J.ao 5~X113A3J. Dllll.1901l AIJ.08dJrt'{DX01lD DA mJ. AIJ.08U
-oorirt'(Oll rtOl lt1;J'(3rllt 301X01} 91l0XO 01<;'] i\01 m!.. D1i\90X -101lOri10LtilX DA AIJ.OOOllli '5Dlltl9X1TIOAOOlt '{X 5lt1 53Q"&JAOri
DJD1rl3'{31 DJ, · AC)JriOrt8lt '{ll i\(!)1 Sltolt JOllooodJm<;> Slt1 lt1 Su 'm<;>JAO!.. DlD XJ03rll},\D 5Jilodlmq 10 mx 531Lt1910rlo
-;J'(3rl lto31'}'{DX Alt1 3rft30l;Jll3 AC)Ji\).31(!)01! M1l11DX SOlDTIJD 10 011901 01l?J A01 3IAJ: "DOOCJJ'(J. lt1 J3'(1YIO rtOll I).OXJ'{ rl01 ACJl
AmqljriO A(l)l '}01i01dloorlrt '{01! rt01 ltl;J'(3TI ltA;JriODrtQArtO -13A3Man Am1 mx DJ00101 5lt1 lt1J'(3li lt1 m!.. A'}08lt10llorl
H ·ol£901 9'(1lD 3rl 1DlAO~Jo01qoool! 1DX 1D1Aij"brioAoo -1ollilX lJA AI).OOOllri MOrft'}XOOll Xl8 11.01! llJ3X1010 DJ, "AC)JO
-lt'(X (g 1DX A(l)JOOdJ A(l)l DJX1'(lt Altl ~ 501i\O'('{"&J\J1031l rt01 -0(1)'(,\. Am1 Syilodm1q mx Snlt19101io Su 91lD J38ll1D'{ltAX1
SJ'(O\JD13TI 511 91lD 1D13~"&J30Ull3 i\3<;' SrtOl 591lrl19i\1DdJ 0 (D llA pilollrl - 5lt1 ~~1'{)~3 lt - 5llOOC)J'{J. Slt1 llJ00101 H
:o'}<;> mAJ3 53Art3o;J S11 rtoll'}l rw1 '}01rtD ,1!.. 513o~o13rl SJx . A(l)All!..!.. J8V A(l)l 1DX AmJllAll!llllXllOll:Z A(l)1 J01io
-1!-0'(0dJoorl S11 3TI lto;JXO 30 D0319AXrto 1DX DA;JO'{O 1Dli\'}O -rl8lt '(ll JOX1<;>llriOA 1DX JOX1rilJ!..O<;>A3 10 1DX llJOV l}OX1IAJ: lt1
-101lOri10ltOX JOriOldJoorill'(Oll JOX1rirt~i\3 1DX JOX1i\).31f001l 9 1lll 53!..1ldJ0901l 1DAJ3 JOYiort8lt'(ll 10 J011l.V "llJ3X1010 l}X11
10'{'("9 10 mx SowriJD S3Q"9rio 10 5rtOJ01lO 5rtm m!.. 10!..9'{ -3AJ!.. lJ13XOll milOJ8D1<;> MtoXill)llll. SrroJOllO 5rrm m!.. AC)l1io

6Ll IIOZ Ol VdO<PVNVIlt! H:>!IVO ,.3:, VVVWO :l:VHVOil :l:HdlHWHV 8Ll

180 L'lHMHTPHL fiOABAL OMAL'lA "E" OAIKH EIIANA<!>OPA TO 2011 181

twv xatoCxwv TTJ~ Ionav(a~. TTJ~ faA,ACa~. TTJ~ ItaACa~. Moyy6A,ouc; - Tougxouc; OEv unoo<TJQCI:,nm an6 w yEven-
TTJ~ EAA,cioa~. tTJc; TougxCa~. tou Ioga~A,, TTJ~ AtBUTJ~. tTJc; xci 6eoov£va.
Atyumou xm TTJ~ AA,yegCa~ oE 16 yevEnxa ouot~ftata
nov ac:pogouv oe 40 nagaHay£~ (aAATJAOftOQc:pa) mgCnou. B. Ot y~:vutxts; arcoo"tuuus; avli!!EUa utous; xaTot-
LTU OtoLXELa autci JtE(JLAUftBcivovtm OL OftcXOE~ ULftatO~ xous; TT)s; Mwoydou xat uttr; TQns; XUQtts; av9QWJtt-
ABO, Phesus xA,n., m ngwtc'Lvtxci ouot~vata ACPH, vrs; c:pu/ots;
AK, Hp x.a. Ta anotEAEO~tata yta TTJV XatJxciota xm TTJ
voyyoA,tx~ c:puA,~ ngo£gxovtm an6 AEuxou~ AftEQtxavou~ L:e aUT] egyao(a VEAEt~6TJXE TJ yEvenx~ ovot6tT]ta
xm an6 fwnwv£t,o1Jc; avtCoto1.xa. Ta anmeA,£ovma yta avO.~tean atOlJc; xatoCxou~ twv xwgwv tTJc; Meaoydou xm
TT] VE'((JLX~ (jJ1JA~ Jt(JOE(JXOVtaL UJTO VUUQ01J~ TTj~ Ac:p(JLX~c; TWV T(JLWV XU(JLOTE(lUJV aVl1QUlJtLVUJV (jJUAWV.
xm twv HilA. AvH(lwJtoAoytxci ot xO.tmxot TTJ~ MeaoyECou av~xouv
ME BcioTJ ta ototxda autci xm XQTJOLftOJtOL<iJvta~ moue; Km1xaoCou~ av xm xcinmEc; EJTLV£L~(E~ VE v£ygt-
XatcXAA TjA01J~ val1l]ftatLXOUc; 1UJt01J~ 1JJTOAO'(LOTT]XE Tj '(EVE- X01Jc; xm voyyoA_txoiic; n/,. TJ6uoftoiic; OEv ftnogoiiv vn ano-
TLX~ ovm6tT]ta avciftEOCI 01011~ xmoCxou~ twv 9 vwoy£L- XAELatoiiv. H y£vETLX~ xm ~ta6TJVUTLX~ avciAUOTJ £6EL~E
ax({rv xwgwv. KataoxElJ('iotTJXE 6evog6ygavva oto ono(o U(JXETcX EVOLU(jJEQOVtn OTOLXElU.
c:pa(v£tm nagaotanxci TJ yEvenx~ OXEOTJ avci~twci tou~. 1) H yevETLX~ an6otaoT] an6 touc; KauxaoCouc; ftELW-
An6 aut6 c:paC vETm 6n 11 ftLX(JOTEQTJ yev£nx~ an6otaoT] (~ vnm Gtou~ JtA Tjl11JOVOU~ TWV XWQWV TTJ~ B. Meaoye(ou
~lE ana A,6yta Tj V£YUAUTE(JTJ '(EVETLX~ ouyy[vaa) UJtcXQXEL ngxCI:,ovta~ an6 avatoA_O.~ xm JtT]yaCvovm~ ngoc; ouovcic;.
UVcXftEOU OE ranouc; - Ionavou~ xm'EHTJVEc; - haA,ouc;. 2) H yevenx~ an6otaoT] an6 TTJ voyyoA_tx~ ovci6n
MLX(JOTE(JT] 01J'('(EVELU evcpav(i:,nat UVcXftEOU OT01J~ au~civnm an6 nvatoA,ci~ ngoc; ouovO.c; t6oo otou~ JtATJ-
'EAATJVEc; - haA,ouc; xm fciAA,ou~ - Ionavoi'J~. H VEYUAUTE- 6uolloii~ tT]c; B. 6oo xm t11c; N. Meaoydou.
QTJ yevenx~ an6otaOTJ BQWTJXE aVCtftEOa otou~ xatoCxou~ 3) H yEVETLX~ an6atnoT] av6veaa moue; BouA, yO.gouc;,
twv 6nwv 8 ftWoyetaxwv xwgwv. Ot JtATJ6uovoC TTJ~ B. TOU(JXOUc;,'EUT]vEc;, haA,oii~. Ionnvoii~. ro.nouc; xm
Mwoydou Evtaooovtm 6A,m oe ftLa O!lciOa, Evw aut6 Oev IognTJAtvoiic; xm tou~ Kauxciotouc; dvm VLXQOTEQTJ an6
ou11BaCvEL ve tou~ xmoCx011c; TTJc; N. MeaoyECou. EXELVTJ nou unoA,oyCotT]XE yta tour; xmoCxou~ x6.6£ XW(JU~
E>a ftJtogouoaft£ va unootT]QC~oUftE 6tt ot'EUTJVE~ xm tour; v£ygou~.
vmcil:,ouv yevEnxci oe oagci Jt(J(Dta ftE wuc; haA,ou~. EJTEL- 4) Ot ACBuoL xm OL Atyiinnm £(vm JtATJOLEOTE(JU
ta ~LE T01J~ ranouc; xm 1EAEU1a(a VE toU~ Moyy6A01J~ - otouc; N£y(lou~. nagci otT] MoyyoALX~ ov6.6a, £vw xm ot
Tougxouc;. Kmci 01JVEJTELU Tj cXJt01)JTj TOU ranou LOtoQL- AAyE(JLVO( cCvm mo xovt6. yEvEnx6. ftE touc; N£ygouc;
xou Z. Ntugot,£A, 6n OL 'EAATJVE~ xatciyovrm an6 tou~ JtUQ6. VE touc; Kauxao(ouc;. AutO. ta UJtOTEAEOftaTU vno-
-31C)lC3 010 i\(1)11.\J'f'{\1 i\(1)1 SuODlDi}D SIJY.113i\3A Sul U1}'{3rl u -3rluo 5u1 DOOA'}D m 91CD (1)~;! 'DJDY l)OX1W uw 53Au'('ttl,
1DA)3 'SIJ£)1(hmq Su1 SoX91r '110'('}01C01i\O)[ Di\3'(\1, 50A9'( i101CJ031C ooo·ooo·v i\DO'}O~ DA()l1D 110QZ: nm S:jXOD Sur
-01\J U \Jt)101D1Q \JX1001lnlQ1Q )3i\01CX3 .,At)lli0118U '(lC i\t)!X).DlC
-(1)0113 i\(1)1 D)00101 \JX1A0'(01\J H .. SUO(l)i\\1, SIJXJ.DlC(1)011tl n~nv "9ihnw In, 91111
Su1 Sowrlrll)OAOOlC i}OXUUi\11303 1101 01D)D'(lC o1r ,un.t"-ibnooll A(I)A~'t"OI i\(1)1 unn1n"-n ~x113Aa.t H ·v
·S:jX01031C 53'('(1) mx U'(Ol.Ci}Oi\111\DlOi\(1))[
i\U1 '01A9il i\01 'DJDY l)OX1W U1 91CD 53lcrtcbD901C ADl\J ·sD~~.u 't'ttr,"'miJ SDJ'(Dl1 su1 S~toxJolDx n-o 1 381JX
5D)i\OQ3XDW Su1 i}Orl0118U '(lC 1101 % s;z: 01 8Z:61 01 5(1)1£ 30 5DA;! OQOJ031C \JXJ.Dri(l)OOOU AUlD 5(1)1£ i\llOic\J'(D1DX 101\1,
1D13~)AO'(OlC},_ 'UXl)OG \JX1'(01DMf i\Ul 1DX DJDY l)OX1W '531\U'('{tl,QQO'OO l 10'('(1) i\0101Xl)'(l101 OOUA9003X \JX1'(D11
u1 91CD 5(1))011X 'UXl)08 \JX1111\7 U1 mx D)i\OQ3XDW uw 53ti. AUlD mx S3AU't't:>:Looo·ooz: ~~.ow1X1J'(Il01 i\DXo\JlCil DJ't3x1r
-11cb0901C 53AU'('(\1,000'00L itolC)031C i\DXU8l)1DD1DXA3 mx u1r 'SilOX)OlDX QQQ'QQQ'Z: 3XJ3 'X'lC QQj7 01 D)'(Dll
(S3i\U'('(tl);>X113i\3/c) 10i\l)rl'(I100110W 1101C)031C 000'00£: MJA u 119 Moo 9ruJJi\l) S~tm U1:J'(3rl u~~. 9 n(1)1Dl01031Crl3 11.u1r
-11cb:j IJicD'('(Dli\D i\U1 l)lD)I 'i\t)lriDI18U'(lC \JicD'('(Dli\D \JX11CQ 'DA:jriOQ3Q 1JX100(1J'(A 1DX 1JX100101
-30X01CI1 S1101 i}~D13rl u1 mlc ucmgrlr,w t:Z:61 01 i\D<1molc;!1CI1 '(S:JicD'('(DODlC S:JX1AJ.3lmolC mx SowrlJD 53Q1Jrlo ·X·lC) yx
DJX0110.L u mx DQl)'t'ttr u su~~.l)~(l)v s1n surtt3xoJJ1Qi\11r -1l3A31c SDJ'(Dll Su1 i\(l)X)OlDX A(1)1 5DJ00101 SIJX113i\3/c 5U1
Si}Oi\831\7 Sul DlDJD'(lC mr ·Smi3'(91C 59X1XOi\010i\U'('(tl UDD101JODlCDi\D AU1 m,\. i\DDUJ01COrl1ouoX S:j1UAil303 JO'(Dll
0 30U8i}O'(OXD 01i3'(91C 011i09XIcD1C Ol<!lOlC i\01 l)13W 10 ·.,SDJ'(Dll Su1 i\(l)X)OlD)I A(1)1 DJOOlDI lJX113i\3j., Ul Oi\
'i}Orl01i\U'('(tl il01DOli\:jX i\D0'}0'(3l01CD SDJXOQDlClCD)I 5u1 -31iJ3X11AD 5(1) 3XJ3 1DX ( 1101Ct)l08i\D 1101 lJX113A3J) S:JJF)U;JlJ
1DX 1101A9U 1101D031JD1Q1 S;!X01031C 10 ·Si}01i011t)U'(lC Si}OX UEllinH 9X1(/01031C OlD 8861 01 3XU81}3100riuq llOlC
-1,\0113/c Snm 91CD 10A:J1i010(l)XD1q ADA 13rl}om: Sno1 SDo i10l DJOD,\.()3 30 Oi\ JOO.L llOl i10JrlU1011C3i\Dil ll01 EZZE!d
-o<;>'(lc SIJx1i\U'('(3 Su1 mx SnJ3xouo9 su~o<i98oo Su1 (1)/c9v ·y ·x ~1ulcueDx 1101 nqyrlo IJX1Aorluw1m u 3~U'(}1DX Drlo
'DJXOD1011X IJX1AJJri(lJ(l0 AUl 1J1DX mx mu191nm Snm -DO}lCrillO 01QJ OlD 119 AOO:jd:>D1Qi\3 1Di\)tl "5J3A3U110 lji\310
\JX1i\U'('(tl i\U1 i\DDUO\J1D1Q J01iDi18U'(lC JOX1i\U'('(tl 10 J0111Y 1DAJ3 1JX113i\3/c 531\U'('(\1, 10 1DX JO'(Dll 10 119 1Dl3At)l10
•SIJ '(OlD/\ y Si}Utr 5U1 Mf>rlDil8U'(lC A(l)i\O(lX911lD i\(!Jl30XD -urlxn DJ3X1010 1JX1AOriU1011C3 Di\3rli}OicUOOlC Dl 91CV
'}01i01i\U'('(3~3 ll01 IJXODlCD i\U1 1DX 303'(}101CD S91i01x
-1olCD o ·snooD'(lJG Suo'}DW Su1 At)llXD i\(1)1 SoxiJrl 1JlDX 5DJYD11 51!1 i\(I)X~01DX i\(1)1 Ui\]lX3 3tl 5D!l"9't"Cii5U1
D03191300\J ADXU8()!'(1CD~3 53JX101CD 10 i10i\90X llOl OQOOl)lC A(I)X~OlliX i\(1)1 5UDD1DStD 5~X113A3.1. 51!1 UD10X.I."-3: 'J
i\U1 3W 'X"lC 008 01 91CD i\ 101C SDJDY Sl)OX1W Su1 D1'(l)OD1C
l)X111l<;' DlD i\DXU8i}OQ1 llOlC 53JX101CD 91CD 301XOl) '}OriOn() '530t)!X 511 S:j11lD
-u'(lC '}OX1AU'('(tl 1101 '}011lD DJti.ol1mrluq H ·soql)'('(\1 SIJA1o 30 Aroolc:JN UOil3101JAD13rl u1 91CD i\'}08UAU~3 Di\ SroOJ ,\'}00

£8! l!OZ 0-L VdO<!>VNVIEI H)IIVO "3." V'VVWO :l:VIlVOIJ :l:Hd-LHWH'V Z8!
184 I'.HMHTPHL f!OABAL OMAI'.A "E" OAJKH EITANA<I>OPA TO 2011 185

lio TOlJ JWQ!]Vtxoii DNA. ygaf!fla "Mcy6.A.11 EH6.oa.", :rrolJ exa OT6xo Tl] lLEAETl] '11~
fw TO GXOJTO am6, EJTLAEX81]XE avTLJtQOCH:UJTElJTLXO~ yEVETLX~c; GUGTaG!]~ TWV xmo(xwv Tl]~ LLXEALa~ xm Tl]~
agt8[t6~ xaTo(xwv a:rr6 8 mgtox£~ Tl]~ EU6.1ia~ N. haA.Lac; xm 1:11 Giiyxgw~ Tl]~ flE Tl] yevenx~ GUGTaG!]
(Ava TOALX~ Maxeliov(a, KEVTQLX~ Maxeliov(a, TWV xaTOLXWV JTEQLOXWV Tl]~ EAA.6.1la~, a:rr6 n~ OJTOLE~
EJwGaA.(a,'H:rrago, Antx~, X(o xm KQ~Tl]) f!E litaf!ov~ EAAl]VLxo( JtA1]81JGflOL fLETaxLv~81]xav GT!]V agxm6Tl]Ta xm
GE B6.8o~ 3 yevelilv, xa8w~ xm eva~ agt8[l6£ :rrgoGcpiiywv a:rro(xwav JtEQLOXE~ Tl]c; haA.Lac;.
a:rr6 Tl] Mtxg6. AG(a. ExT6~ a:rr6 TO ycvenx6 1JALx6 (DNA) :rrolJ BQCGxnm
LTa lic(y[laTa aC[<mo~ a:rr6 700 6.TO[la a:rrof!ovw81]XE [!EGa GTOV JtlJQ~Va TUJV X1JTT6.QWV, 1JTr6.QXEL XaL TO [lL TO-
TO ycvcnx6 lJALXO (DNA), GTO o:rro(o f!EAET6.TEL o :rroA.1J- XOVOQLaXO DNA (mtDNA) TO o:rro(o BQLGXETaL el;w a:rr6
[lOQcpW[t6~ 12 1JTrEQ[lETaBA.11Hov DNA liaxTwv, Ol]Aa<'l~ TOV JtlJQ~Va xm GlJYXEXQLflEVa [lEG a ma f!L wx6vllgta, Ta
llaxTwv f!E lLEY6.A1] :rrmxtAOf!OQcp(a. ogyavCilta :rragaywy~c; evegyeta~ TOlJ xmT6.Q01J.
Ogw[leva tbtaCnga xagaxT!]Qwnx6. TOlJ mtDNA TO
, xa8wTOiiv noA.iin[lo, ytmC 11 fLEAETl] TOlJ Bo1186. GTOV 1JJtO-
A.oyw[l6 Tl]c; yEVETLX~~ GlJYYEVEtac; f!ETa/;U OtacpOQETLXWV
1. H GlJGXETLCJl] TWV YEVETLXWV OEOO[lEVWV [lE WTOQLX6. alllilv, xa8w~ m(G!]~ xm JtA1]81JGf!WV TOlJ CliwlJ eC/lolJc;.
xm agxmoA.oytx6. mmxda. Ax6f!1], Bo1186. GTO va EXTLlL1]8oiiv OL flEWXLV~GEL~ [lETa-
2. H <'>1lf!L01JQY(a TQ6.:rrc~ac; OEOOf!Evwv f!E yovtlltaxec; vameiiGac; TWV AaUlV xm6. Tl]V JtQO.LGTOQLX~ XaL LCJTOQLX~
GlJXVOT!]TEc; yta TolJc; xmoCxolJc; Tl]~ xwgac; l!ac;, anagaC- JtEQLOOO.
Tl]Tl] yLa JtEQLJtTWGEL~ af!cpwB!]TOUf!EVl]~ JtaTQOT!]Tac; xm MeAETE~ Jt01J ey Lvav GTOV :rrA. 1]81JG[l0 Tl]~ B OQELa~
G1Jyy£vaa~, xo.8wc; xm Tl]V EJTLA1JG1] JtOAAWV 6.AA.wv LaTQO- EAA.6.1ia<;, clial;av Tl] GTEV~ YEVETLX~ GlJyyevELa f!E T01Jc;
OLXaGTLXWV :rrgoBA.1]f!6.Twv. JtA1]81JGf!oii~ Tl]~ N6w.xc; haA.Ca~ (Mcy6.A.11 EA.Moa).
H EQE1Jva am~ GlJVEXL~ETat GE GlJvegyaG(a f!E navcm-
AUOTEAE1:MATA GT~f!La haA.Ca~, faAA.Cac;, LA.oBax(a~, IloA.wvCac; xm
LEQBCac;.
Ta JtQWTa aJtOTEAEG[laTa 0ELXV01JV 6n OL TOJtLXOL JtA1]- Of!OLOT!]TEc; Twv BoQELOJtaxtmavwv f!E Tl] yevenx~
81JG[lOL TOlJ EAAaOLXOU XWQ01J EXOlJV YEVETLX~ TaUTLGl] [lE Giim:aGl] TWV ElJQWJta(wv ngoex1J1j!av an6 nc; f!EAETEc;
TOlJ~ JtQOGcpl!yLxoii~ :rrA.1]81JG[Wii~ a:rr6 Tl] Mtxg6. AGCa. Twv yevenGTwv. LE EQE1Jva JtOlJ ngayf!aTOJtOL~81]xE GTO
En(G!]~, o Tof!£a~ fevenx~~ Av6.m1J/;1]c; xm Mogtax~~ IJaxwT6.V, 0LaJtLGTW81]XE OTL 1] YEVETLX~ GUGTaG!] TWV
BtoA.oyCac; TOlJ AgwTOTEAELOlJ IIavmwTl]f!LOlJ, GTO nA.a(- xaTOLXWV TOlJ B6QEL01J Tf!~f!aToc; Tl]c; xwgac;, OLacpEQEL aJt6
GLO EAA!]vo'(taALX~~ GlJVEQyaG(ac;, GlJ[l[lETEXEL GTO JtQO- Tl]V avTLGTOLXl] TWV lJJtOAOLJtWV Of!OE8VWV T01Jc;.
-nrlll9mi lt1 Mto~lq·o 5n llDllriJlX3 Altl A'}Olltgmctnin 10DQ, - rtO'(r)OJ.Co6,<m& llAJ631Dx1y '5nA\,lev 5ltl ,.5"9wrlltM3J
'(000'000'001 =) il0J3AOD3W 5lllllA"9X3V AUlD 5mJ6ax mx 'J,. OJ3rloxoDoA OlD 5mlll9m\JrlaD01DJ 11061A;J)I i}OX1A83
llA;Jrlaox10 Alll ll'(9 3D 10AJriDnc6oxDmq 1DAJ3 JOlll\f 1DX i}OX1AO'(ODOA\f rt01 D161Ai}81l31Q lt '5lt1 Il)'(1riO A.Ul:l:
'M)lA.3t\OA.U '('(3 A.(l)J61l ririOlDX3 'AI_!llD
53Q"91A.OlDX3 3D 1DlA0'}36mDDflD 5\,(i\mi\mnx 5\,(X1Alt'('(3 -113A31- Aml 5JA.aJ6;J 511 9J.CXJ 131J.Cr)Xo6u 11ou 'nriDn6;mrlaD
D'(i}cb mx llA.;JA flOJ.CJ63J.C OZ£ m 119 1Dl"9ri11WJ '"9X11380J.Cfl 9X11ADriltD llrl9xn XJA} mA.J3 Si}OX1£)D'(D Sa01 9J.CXJ r)OXJ'(
000'£ fl01CJ63J.C ='
1DX AgJA3AOAU'('(3 A.(l)l il0Q906J.C 59ri8fl6 r)OX1AU'('(3 1101 5llDD1Dr)D 5\,(X113A3Ic Slt1 96ocbmq H
5010\,(13 o = 3 '53A.U'('(3, 1011_961£ 10 = 0d 'AI_9A3AOAU'('(3 ·Ltl"9'(ltl
,;.m1 59r1Da8ll'{J.C 59A163rlllD o =
'd aou9 ,ca + y) o&-ld -n6w 110'("9A3rl n011o,;.oi-9J.CD m,;.p "9X11mil-n6u AXJ13DCJllD
5ltD(llDJ~3 5\,(wm,;.,\ 5lll \,('(ogo6J.C \,(x1cbn6t\orlltq -1umq n,;. 31D()J '5"9'(D)I Aml oX101DJ1AXJ 01 3ri13A J6xt\aD Lt1
lt1 llD"9\J 3rl 'D63ri\,(D 5m A.mA\,('('(3 MlJDX6y Mlll mx ( 'X'J.C DA '5DQ"9't't3 5lll 5JX016JJ.C 53'('("9 mx 51_98DX 'nJA.OQ3XXJW
oo6·1 - oos;·z) A.(!JA\,l't't3-0lm6u A.(l)l !,tXou1 Altl 9uv ll1 9J.CXJ mnrii-J3Q 3D mx },_ Dri(llD9rim6X OlD VNG
'%86 01 5DJXill11C3 01 130\,(13'(3rl DA 1DAJ3 Xl8 \,(lUAU(iilX ll01 mi\,(g OA3ri91C3
91DODOJ.C 3D 11J,91Dll'(J.C n611i\,(D IWJ.C '5mll196mu 5lll 9ri016 ·nXJJ.CDU ·x
-oenx A.Ol mx A(l)A"91-6o 51JDsnXDorinl3rl 5u 13D\,(136llurt~3 0 301A91 'A.(l)A.\,('('(3 A.(l)l Jli 11J,"910ri "9'('(D '11019A 1101 \,(lrtXJ
D"- mt\ o6119D0163u "9'{'{D 'o,;.96X 9x160101 ,;.ow nD;ni 5am 3rl morl9 1DAJ3 ,\3Q ltomD(lD 51101 \,(X111A3A lt 'rt06QA"9~3'(\f
\,(DUAJXD13ri lt 1DX Al_!lD'( A.(l)l mlt196D8DX \,(X1A0'{01\J lt )38 ll0'("9A3W 1101 A<)llm11D610 10AOA9J.CXJ 1DAJ3 119 AilOJ,
-(l)l011CD1Q DA D1A OA9ri1D13J,9ri6Dcb3 A3Q 91rtXJ nrilt10i}D 01 -)6ltlOOJ.Crt 10)01CO 10 'S"9'(Il)l A.Oll JOliD11fJU'(J.C 10 AI10X6"91Crt
119 3DUA.J6Xfl31Q fl061A;JX i}OX1AO'(ODOA.Xl flOl m61Ai}8il31Q lt 11ou9 '"-9101xnu 1101369a 1101 \,(X0163u ,;.lao 'Dl38J1AV
'5mlll9W\JrlaDOl01 nrllllDr)D 9X113A3A 01 m,\ 5mM)l'(1W 'D6"9XD3: lt1 9J.CD UD113'(J06J.C A0'('("91i "-•10XJ ll019A
'flO'(r)OJ.C06iW13: 'X lt 301A91 ',.3riflOA"9X 01 XJA. UD}8 •<01 10'1{101"9X 10 119 3XU81_91D11CD1Q IlAit36;J Alll 9J.CV,.
3D 310nrlp DA AO'('(J1i 51}1.1-3 OlD m13X;JQA3 ',;.m61JriD6nu ·A"9l01XDU
AI_9X113A3A Am'('("9 A.(l)l llX\,lf)D06J.C Alll mx oXt\3'(} \,(X3'(3QA3 110119N mx fl01369H 1101 A.(l)X)OlXJX A.(l)l UOXllD(lD
A.IlA;J 91Cil IlD;Jrl 119 1Il13A)XlcbD1Q 'OD91D1:5 '5;J6X1ri 1XJA)3 \,lX113A3A lt '501QJ o Joltl-\,(~3 Smu9 '91D16mX1~ 3Xlt8\,(13'(3rl
3rlaoS,913~3 aoJ.C '53Q"9rlo 5;Jxmr1Da8ll'(J.C 10 1191q 'AI_!lD'( "-"91D1XXlll 01 9J.CD 1101 Srwcb'(;JQilArtD Jrl IlJDDA63AI1D 3D 3X
A.ml pun01il:>puq 9x160101 01 mt\ 53J60dJo6lt'{J.C Jria0'("9A\J -lt(J\,(10J.C01mil-o6J.C 110J.C '\,lllll-lt8DX 1101 IlA1136;J Alll "9W){
n,;. llrl9xn 3rl'}o6ourl A3Q 5Jlfln 531;J'{3rl 5u 9J.CXJ XJD;JW,. ·ao1 S3JDoi-6J S11 538X 3Dm6
'5i}OXJ'( 5r)OX1\JXl'{D -\,l'(XO'(O rtOJ.C '110J.C1_968AV 5\,(X113A3J 016Q;J"-113: 9X1AXJX'(XJH
5am 9J.CXJ JOX1136ocbmq AmA\,l'{'(tl Aml JOriDD11QAilD JOXur 0£ OlD 'nXJlCilll 'U ·6q 'SDJ'(Hy 5ll1 '(lDilXr)01N
-fllO'(J.Cil 10A;Jri016o )3836\J AllOX;J 119 3D(l)A.)OXDA.D XJXI_91XJ 1101 ilOJrllllD11C3AXJJ.C 5\,(1UAU8XJX 0 3D1A91 9111\f

LSI !!OZ 0~ VdO<PVNVli3 H)[IVO ,a, VVVWO :l:VliVOll:l:Hd~HWH'\1 98!

 188
llHMHTPH~ flO ABA~ OMA!lA "E" 0/\IKH ETIANA<POPA TO 2011 189

nx~ A.oytx~ tT]<; nagamivw liT]ftOY(laqnx~c; ngo0oA.~c; ft£ haA.oC, Ionavo(, <PtA.avlioC, ax6~-t1l xat ot "Tougxm"),
0aoT] uno8£oac; egyaoCac; an6 tT]V eyx(lLTTJ "IoLOgCa LOU 6muc; xm aut6 :n;ou XQ!]Ot~tonmouv 6A.m ot A~-tE(ltxavoC,
EnT]vtxou'E8vouc;". EnT]voyEveCc; ~'EnT]vec;, cCvm o m KavalioC, OL A.aoC TTJ<; Aatmx~c; A~-tE(lLX~<; eCvm cn1]-
Mwa~-t£8, o nog8T]t~c; tT]<; II6A.T]<;, o L:tvav, o xaA.utegoc; vtx6tato (6Xt A.anvtx6), 6nwc; avacpt:ga ~-tta a:n;6 nc;
agxnextovac; t~a~-tt<iJV, o ng<inoc; Ynougy6c; Naunxou cyxug6tEQE<; JT!]yec;: D. Diringer, The Alphabet, Vol. I.I.
tT]<; 08w~-tavtx~c; AutoxgaLOgCac; Mnag~-tnag6oa, o ngw- Hutchinson of London 1968, OEA. 387-8. To aA.cpa01]to
8unougy6c; tT]<; TougxCac; MevtE(lE<; (= MaCavligoc;) o aut6 ~tETE<PE(lav ot'En!]vEc; arr6 11] XaA.x(l\a xm tT]V
ngoT]yoilftevoc; lifi~-tagxoc; tT]<; Ayxugac; ... M6vo OtT] Mcxga Kii~-tTJ OTT]V lmA.(a xm avrfygmjJav ot Am(vot. Ax6~-t1] xm
AoCa (tTJV onoCa avwt6Q!]ta arroxaA.ou~t£ "TougxCa"), to haA.tx6 "bravo" cCvm to agxaCo cnl]vtx6 0ga0(eC)o ...
urragxow ofi~-tE(la 30.000.000 En!]voy£VEL<; ~'En!]v£<;. 0 Ot'EAA!]VE<; AotJTOV JTQEJtEL:
nA.aV!]t<iQX1l<; ELVm tgA.avlitx~c; xataywyfic;, ana 0 UJTE(l- Na acpurrvwrouv xm va ouvELO!]LOJtOL~Oouv Tl]V EAATJ-
nA.av!]tagxl]c; (o agxl]y6c; tl]<; CIA) £[vm cn!]vtx~c; xata- VLXOTT]Ta Tl]<; Xataywy~c; XUL JtQOEAEUO~c; tOU<;.
ywy~c;, OJTW<; EL VaL XUL 0 EUCpu~c; OT(lat!]yoc;, VlX!]T~<; 10U Na Xatavofioouv TT]V U\)ll]An OUftfttTOX~ XUL Tl]V aJTO-
ng6ocpmou noA.e~tou owv K6A.no, IIay<ilv!]c;. EA.A.!]voy£v~c; OtOA~ roue; owv x6o~-to. Na rrgow8ouv rravtoTE tov
"o £8vtx6c; ~gwac; Tl]<; AA.0avCac;" L:xcvtEQftJT£1]<; (fc<ilgywc; OLX01JftEVLXO JTOAL1LOft0 "tT]<; JTati\EUOEW<; 11]<; l]f'ETEQac;
KaOT(ltWt!]c;) ana Xat 0 JT(lCO!]V Jt(lCu8u:n;ougy6c; tl]c; ~tETEXOVtE<;", Em0£0m6Jvovtac; Tl] 6tCHCDVl01] LOU snl]Vt-
AA.BavCac;, Me/;l]c; ... En!]voy£vcCc; ~'Enl]v£c; £(vm o El XOU t6cciJ6ouc; OLOV x6orw.
Greco, o "haA.6c;" Nu KCgtxo, o ~-ta81]~-tanx6c; Na ouviiga~-touv OT!]V ngoorraOna yta Tl]V exiioo!]
Kaga8wliwgfic;, o ecpEU(lEt!]c; tou "Teat Ila:n;" 0t["lA.Cou rrayx6o~-tta<; xuxA.ocpogCac; ft£ 1CtA.o: "To
IIanavtxoA<iou, o KaooaBet!]c;, o Kas<iv, o fa0gac;, o Af.cpa0TJto twv Eugwna[wv xat A~-tE(lLXavwv eCvm
2evax!]c;, o Kaotogt<ilil]c; xm auto( nou lil]fttoi'J(ly!]oav tl]V EA.A!]vtx6" o£ 10 yA.cilOOE<;.
ngciltl] 8E01] ~-tac; Ot!]V vmmA.Ca a' 6A.o tov x60ftO. Na tiiguoouv TTJV Euguma·cx~ AxaO!]ft[a 011]V JtEQLOX~
UA.TJ 1l A.ExavT] tl]<; McooyECou 0gC8n a:n;6 EAA!]vtx6tata TOU avatoA.txou Atya(ou xat Tl]<; IwvCac;, EXEC :n;ou JT(lW-
tonwvu~-tta: AA.d;avligEta, N£anoA.!], K1ift1], Movax6, tOy£vvfi8TJXE a:n;6 LOU<;'EAA!]VE<; 0 JTOALTLO[tO<; TOU /).unxou
MaA.ayxa, MaooaACa ... EA.A.T]vtx6rato 6vo~-ta £xa cpuot- K60ftOU.
xa, xm T] EU(lWJTT], 6nwc; EmftEVEL 0 L:mugoc; ecorpav(l\!]c; Na avaA<i0ouv 11]V rrgwwBouA.(a (1\guol]<; tl]c; rrgwto-
xa81]yl]t~c; tou IIavtcCou IIav£motTJ~-tCou. eugwna'Lx~c; 'Evwo!]c; (Proto-European Union, xm ot
UA.oc; o x6o~-to<; va ~-ta8Et 6n to ngwto OLOLXELO rou t(lEL<; ECvm EAA 1]VLX61a1£<; A.e/;£t<;) ft£ 6A.ec; nc;
JTVEU~-tanxou noA.mo~tou, to aA.cpa01]to, nou X(lTJOtftOJtOL- Mcooyaaxec; xwgec; xm €1\ga Tl]V A8~va, xata w rrg6tu-
ouv OAOL OL Eugwna(m (AyyAOL, ranot, fc(lftavo(, no Tl]c; agxaCac; EAA.!]vtxfic; A~-tcpLxtuov(ac;.
 190 Ll.HMHTPH2: fi0ABA2: OMAL\.A "E" OAIKH EIIANA<POPA TO 2011 191

AqJoii ELOafl£ 10 yEvvcnx6 flEQO~ T11~ ax£a11~ EAA.~vwv - x6 XWQO flE Ta TOliQClVtx<i-rtoyyof.tx<i qJii/.a. Q~ yvwot6v,
Mwoydwv ea OOU[!E xm TO "WtoQLX6" flEQO~ c:nn~~ yLa on1v MtxQao(a xarotxoiiaav arr6 111v nQo'(moQLX~ JtEQC-
va JtELGToiiv xm m rrt.Eov "<imotm" 6n OL "E" 1\cv /.av6<i- 1\o EAA11VLX<i ml\aaytx<i qJiif.a (i\ul\o(, i\iixtot, TQWE£
vouv. X.t.A.). Tt aneytvav am<i; ECvm .Suvm6v OAO£ 0 JtA118U-
0 R. Biosutti GT11V G£/.(1\a 257 Tou EQyou Tou "La O[!O£ T11£ MLXQClOLCl£ va E~OA06(JEU611XE xm v' ClqJO[!OlW-
razze ei Popol i della Terra" ( Exb. 1954) avaqJEQEL, 6n "o 611XE an' tous; Ef.uxwwuc; (oe GXE011 [1£ Tov Y11YEV~ nf.118u-
Pittard, eva~ an' toll~ xaf.iiTEQa yvciJQLI:;ovTE~ Ta av6Qw- ort6) TOliQClVtXO[!Oyyof.tx~c; xamywy~~ EJIL<)QO[!ECc;; Tt
rrof.oyLx<i s11T~[J-aTa 111~ BahavLx~~. naQoum<it;nm ox£a11 ftiTOQEL va £xouv ot G1111EQtvoC "ToiiQxot" [1£ Touc;
Jt£Jt£LG~t£vo~, 6n OL OflL/.oiivn~ q af.auLx~ yf.waaa ~wyyof.tx~c; x<nuywy~c; LEATt;ouxOtlc; xat OartavCilcc; ft£ ta
Baf.xavLxo( f.ao( xm<i TO [J-cyaf.iiTEQO [lEQO~ 1wv 1\Ev av~­ axtora [lana;
xouv GWV ClQXLXO GAClULXO xA<il\o, af./.<i an/.cii~ E~W/.au(­ To et~tC! 111<; xmaywy~c; 't(!)V "ToiiQXCuv" EXEL anuoxo-
G611Gav". En( toll 6f~tato~ toiiwu o av6Qwrro/.6yo~ A. A~(JEL rronoii~ EQEUV11TEc;, ax6[!11 xm tov 11f!EQ~GLo tiirro.
IIouf.tav6~ m11 acf.Cba 239 Tou EQyou tou "H 'l:QOEA£UG11 'HI\11 11 EqJ11~LEQCOC! "ArroyEU[!ClHV~" G£ cpiino 111~ 811~
1wv En~vwv" avaqJEQEl: "ECvm yvwa16, 6n Ta af.auLx<i AJtQLALOU 1978 £611ft0GL£U(JE ag8go [!E tiTAO "Kat OL
qJii/.a n£Qaaav 1ov L'.oiiva011 nQO£ 1a Bah<ivw xat<i 1ov ToiiQXOL £xouv xmv~ [!'£fleX~ xataywy~", aw onoCo EYQci-
6o xm 7o ~t.X. llLcova. Atn£~ Of!W£ oc. flETClxLv~aa~, 6mu~ qJOVTO Ta E~~c;: "Evco o "cf!rr&gyxo" 011f!LOUQYEC xi.Cf!CJ.
bcCXVEL to avflQWJtof.oytx6 uf.tx6, OEv ~1av 16ao ~tey<i/.e~ v£ac; £vtaa11c; oto AtyaCo xm cmctf.EC t11v no/.ucixQtB11
wmE v' af.M~ot•v 10v cpumx6 1iirro twv f.aciiv rrou t;oiiaav LGOQQOJt(a OUVcX[!EWV, [!l.a anQ0000X11011 £Jtl0T11[!0VLX~
a' auT€~ n~ XWQE~". Ta C6ta urroGT11QLt;ouv m P6JGOL 8EwgCa miEL va anobd~EL 6tt'Ef.A11VE£ xm ToiiQXOt uv~­
av6Qwrro/.6yot r. NT£[1nns;, T. TQoqJC~w~a xm N. xouv 0111v Cbta qJUA~ xm QEEL on~ qJAE~E~ tou~ to Cbw
TGE[lno~<iQO~, una xm 0 Pow<ivo~ av6Qwno/.6yo~ Al aC~tC!. ME ana AO'fLlX, £xouv XOLV~ avtlgwnof.oytx~. qJUAE-
Manuila, o orroCo~ aw £Qyo tou "Recherches sevol et TLX~, c8voyEVETLX~ xatuywy~. Lt11V anf.oiiOTEQ11 yf.ciioou
antral..." (Archiv der Julius Klaus - Stiftung, 1957) 1\ta- lXliTO~ 0 TaUTLGftO~ ftiTOQEL va EXqJQClOtJEL CD£ E~~~: l'.cv
maTwva av6QuJJto/.oytx~ o~wt6111ta a' 6/.o tov "~ahavt­ urragxow'EAI.!JVE<; xm TOUQXOL. YJtcXQXEL EVa£ /.a6~. JtOU
x6" XWQO. Kotv~ f.om6v rrmoC611a11 twv av8Qwno/.6ywv [vex Tfl~fla wu owv £AAaOtx6 xwgo EXEL En11vtx6 nof.ttL-
dvm, 6n 11 bt<iboa11 1wv a/.autxcov y/.waawv 1\Ev auvo- OflO xm £AA11Vtx~ £8vtx~ ouvd011011 xm &no Tfl~flC! tou
6cii£To an6 [!Cll;tx€~ rtnaxtv~GEL~ f.aciiv YQUqJEt o M. 0111 Mtxga AaCa xm T11V A v. 8QcXX11 EXEL tougxtx6 rrof.t-
1'.11[-lOnouf.os;. TLOfl6 Xat WUQXLX~ E(iVLX~ OUV£Cb11G11 ... AGCpClAW£ 11 tJEW-
To Cbto nou auv€011 ftE ta of.autx<i cpiif.a oTov XWQO Q(a um~ cCvat EX JtQWT11<; 61/JEW~ rraQ<ibo~11· Km 6[-lw£
111c; XEQoov~oou Tou AC[!ou, auv£~11 xat otov f!LXQaatan- ot11QCt;ETm aE mtat11~LOvtx£~ BaaELc; rrof.ii wxug£~. Au16
~x1Alt "Ct3 Altl ,lLD rtoA~rirt3\Juog mx rtowmAA.J0DlL rtol EE DAJ 'ltxA.l)AD 50A9"(000m"(A 0 :nriA.l)Oll 01 1D1J31clt~3 5<;JU
DQJ"{30 ltlD 5D\:JJV '3 0 A(l)li}Ol A(l)A9riltlD1lL3 A(l)l All "(li · .. DJODI, "(rtO£.[ lt ern~~ .. '" D10l)A "(rtO£.[ D~IJ~ .. 'won,\. "(()OH
. "5rtOXJOlDX 10 A0031<}39 39 0~ '10XO()O~ 10A3119A3"( 5<;JXDX 10
5rtoOJ101D"(DlL 5J38lt "(lLrt "(OlL 5rtol 9lLD 5<;JX113"(rtcb 5mri9 '1Dll)1DDOX1V\[ JOADfl3YIDOJV\[ 10 mx 3<{ 10rtOA)"( ' .. 1~l)ODYI ..
AD0lt8<;J10TIOffiD 'A(l)l l)TIOA9 01 A3ri AO"(D~])lL3 1DX 10)01!0 5p1ilt A3riOicJ"( AOlf!JOl! o~ · .. n\:JJ~ .. mx .. ~l)c"Jmi" 513~?"( OIJ-9
10 '10XO()O~ 10ri810l)A1"(0 Al)103XOrt0~ 01 91£D 531A9"(D\J013 1D1AOXJ103lL ~1(\IJ A3 '50Af!l1D 'cJX'll rt09 (l01 (lQA1i~y 5lt1
10 AD0LteXJ3ri3AD 5rtox 1owx 5~A.mA.mux 5~x1A.0D"t3Il A~dmoA1lL3 A~X1A0D"(3U Alt1 ·X·lL A3nOl\JY,JV ·noMi? rlOO)l
- oAlt"("(3 5rtol 5rtOAJ3X3 3W ·5uo<;JX 5ltl AmXJOlDX -11ilt 1101 m9 1D13~JWlcDD1(/ 5~"(0WA\f Slu M)JD"( Am1 DJAO"(
Alt<;JOlL MOl 10A0A9lLD 'mirt3X0~08 01 JOAD831lll(l)V\[ 1DA)3 -0Afl3 A3ri ~A103rilt0 lt 1D)[ .. :5~~3 ll1 130JdmAD (ZT6T '9X3)
5<;J"(lLD ,"("(D 'A 1i!LOlLl) A~X1AO"(OA83 91£(\ 10XO()O~ 11DriAl)OlL .. lJX1A0D"(3U .. 1101 rtOJ"(\:J1tJ rt01D191ll9ClOlL0 ll01 ,il mx ,8 D9
mAJ3 A39 5nri 5JA01J3A .. 10XOIJ-O~ .. 10A3ri9A3"( 10 5mJOriO -)"(30 Lt1:r ·So"(llOlL91irrJe 5o\JmXlJI 59il1m o Alll~ i.)OD"( ()OX
'''JOri0rt8lt"(lL JOX1AlJX"(Dfl 1003191300\:J 10 1llX 39 5<;JX103ri -1KOa01 ao1 D1lt19X1Alt"("(3 AIU m,\. 30lt"(Jri D1A90X i\OlLJ03lL
'JOAD\:)"(\{ 1DX 53Alt"("(3JOA103rilt0 10 1DAJ3 (A<;JA0D"(3li A(l)l ~8 9lLD A1illL rwl! 53Amistlmm 53Alt"("(3.5a01rpillL Sam ,lLn
'M3) A(l)l JOAOA9lLD A3ri 1010~AJ .. :naJl)OA mx A(l)XOI}O~ 5rmi9 5llA3. '()Oll"( I}OX1XrJrlO~ •101 llJAO()Xown Altl 1/JlA
A(l)l Dlltl9X1Alt "("(3 Alt1 31l 59lrtD 1)( J3Amdnirt0 '13ril)X -OX)9 rlOlL '53AOri~lD11!3 10XO<J.O~ JOOll~j00 mx Ai\.OXOljlLa
•<OlL 5~A(l)Al)D13 5ltA:)ri(1)1DlD103lLYI3 5ltl 0~ D D9)"(30 ltlD 119 '1D13<}AX13901!D 101) 1llX A(l)XO()O~ AUll ~AOJADlllX
5ori~9D"(3V' 50JDAlt013 5ltlJ09ADri1Xon 0 · .. 5o"(rtOlL9Alld .. Alt1 D1A 01!()1 010~031ilt AOlD 8L6! 01 All0ltldlr,JOA lj1av
()Ori01ADA00 ()OX1109X3 r101 9lLrt lt8993~j3ADlL3 0 ..
· .... ···am 5)"(01011£3 5u3YI r_tODDllAcJDX1"(\f 5ltl 5D:)1"{\f
rtO"(rt0lL9TI(1)8 'I rtOl OJ"{\:)1~] 01 119 'J38(1l13rilt0 DA AO)V' aOl omJ1\:J OA0"(91~D I}"(01! 01 30lt09cDO"(Xax 9 L6l 01 51"(9ri
'" l)X1A0D"(3Il '1l)X03 ljO~\{ 0 'S()Olitll ,l!D 5llA3. "5<1011909 S()OX11300cD
1/JX l)X1Alt "("(3 l)l D09 l)l0J3"(lL 10rtOXOl)l!rt (lt0DC)l"(A) -ll1(/ 91£D ll1D1l0l)031!lla0 l)X1A01iltlD11!3 D19J lllD AD0D()dJ3.
~x1xorto~ ltAJYIOA3"( lt1 A3 011)-0l l)1V' .. :119 5mAo~JAOl 'D)D\{ l)OX1W ltlD l)"("(D '(53AOflX9Wll 1DAJ3 5~X1AllX"(llH
nA.~"(DlD)[ ·" ···5nJXOrto~ 5~X11D10\f 5ltl mx 5~x).DlLmOrt3 5lt1 10X1011JX 10 119 'mi0nil)1£1ia0 010 ADDDflcb?
31 5lt1 A(l)XO()O~ A(l)A)TIOA3"( A(l)l A(l)lAl)lL J03lL 13()3fllt"{D 59All1"(aon ·v o mx 5Ltc"Jnrir;o)[ 'I o 119 'M3) 9All1"(nou -
Ol()Ol 'A<;JlD10DOX1W mx AmA~"("(3 '5DO<;JX 5lt1 AmXJOlDX ltOllli()O)[ Srt01 3YI D1ll1l0l)031!1lrtD ll19J DlD Ar\OA~"(DWX 10
Alt<;JOlL Aml 10AOA9lLD 'nrirnx0~oe 01 JOADfl3rinmw 5<;J"(lLD -JOl!o 10 'Joougoo 5rnoxr,J SJ1ltAa303 10XO()O~ l)X1lmiA.nilll
,"("(D '10XO()O~ )Xrto AJ013 1011}0 A1i!LOlL) A~X1AO"(OAfl3 9lLI} J3AllcDlJAD AaoX3,. :5~~3 ll1 1lllAOOJcbDAD DJ3X3AaD A3
119 '1D13AJncbolLD 5DJ0\f 5l)OX1V\J: ·v·N 5ltl 13A)A A3 mx · .. 5nAa30J 5~X1Aorilumm 5~ilngoo OA3riJ3X11AD
5D)XrtV 5lt1 5rtOXO()O~ 5rtOAJYIOA3"( 5rt01 5<;JK1AO"(OlL(1)08AD 13DJ"(3101!D DA ~9D"(lt9 J300l!ri 'lt1i10~1lt~aD 1DAJ3 3101£~9
5"001)13~3 UlH.psn'} 0 Al)3 'ADJ001D1 Alt1 ~AOri0lt"( 3101£~9ltri -0011!0 ,"{"{\{ ·5~£I10XD 3101£~9D0Jl!O 1DAJ3 119 '13AJDriltD 1\39

£6! ttuc ocL Vdo<Pv N'<' ua mnvo .a.. vvvwo :S:VHVOU :S:Hd.LHWHV Z6l
:11g mx 5rroxili}OJo 5rto1 11i l/X113"{rtd:J ArlO~lJ101io 53AU"{"{1:L 101Dl)"{l.CD1AJ1C mx 101Dl)"{l.C1<,! mx l)"{"{D '53<,!lJ1"{1X l)11C3 5m?
10 plUllld A01 lj1JJX 11g '130]d:JDAJJ (1?~61 '(,!X3) ,.UJJ:lJo 530DDDJ1 Al)3 11g 'Aom£1?\J 5C!JxuDrlueDrl 5ur1~1D11C3 5u1
U[J:lp ![OdOd !:l :JZZB~ :l'J,. n01 !10/.0J 501AJ803d:JJJAJJ001C X3 51011}01 A3 1DAJ3 'AUlD(!JAf.DAD A03(,/JAD A01 1)1<,/ A01rl310
no1 1LZ D<,/)"{30 UlD lllTISB!H ·~ 0 '(1£61 Ml.llld ',.'JWV -)l.CD 1DX AgX11XU"{lCX3 50l3{jtg 5U1C!J01C X3 011}01 1Dl3AJD<f>,.
,p ';).,) .,mu1gA013ri1DAJ3 5)3C)130"{0Uow 10 ·~"{nell ~xnJ"{ :ng '13il]d:JDAD rron\:)1£) rto1<,~J rro1 vO£ 1q D<,!J"{30 u1&
UlD lJ1U1gA013"{1C U0311}"{JJ/.3rl i\U1 l)lDX ArlOX~AlJ '50A8J · "501U1910l.C 5~X1/.0"{01\:) 5DOJ11"{"{DX
gx1X0fl01 01 AI}0"{3101CJJ rlOlC 101C('f)08Al) 10,. :11g '3~1A Su1 AgX1AU "{"{3 miJD Aoilxp Sn aoilxp ,l.CD 13~(,\dJD mU19A83
-g13 plBll!d ·g 0 'JOX100101 5J31C301CD1C) 10AJ~ mx J38UAOD A~X1XOnOJo A~A103TIUD AUJ. gurt 119 UD(J.3AX1AD DA 'D)3X
MOX] A0JX01}0Jo A('f)l ~/.m,\D1JJX ~X10DllJlO"{OUorl AUJo -1010 DriJe 01 Soilu pxu1Xo JJ"{"{l) m mx A(_Dri11X3Aao 'Su
.... D1D'-' JJOX1'" )DlDAI}<,/ 5m"{gXrl3 'A('f)C)JDl! A('f)1 10031griUXDrt3 10 1DX A('f)<,!
II "' v "' V'.l.
~XD1"{DOD1C AUlD ~Xo13rlrlrro 5~/.0>/.mDx (5~xn13/.0D3V\!) -)i\D3A A('f)1 1D031D?C)13fl3 10 OlAO~JTID"{Ol~3 Sg>X11DriU1DilD
5~X1AU"{"{3 mx 5mJn\J3£) 13XOl)lCA.,. :11g 'rtm ilOJ"{\:)1£) fl01<,!) A(1)1AJ8ffi13"{01Crl A('f)1 X3 5DAC)l1D 5(J.OX1Xoqmq J1C3 119 '~8
rl01 8LZ D(,/)"{30 U10 1ll13X}<,!llODlC Sm.L,\l)l.C 50"{rl01CgriuV' -nooau DOC!J1 Al)3 ·s~x1ADX"{llH Su1 mx SnJDV ·w Su1mx
·v 0 '10Xi}O~l"t3& ooo·s mx 53(,/JAmioo ooo·v I}Orloneu"{u am AmJilrrrlri01DX3 Mn1 591A3 'Ac;>1rtD SoAXJ w
l)"{"{D '50"{rl01CgriuV' 'V' o 110?ffillAXJ Smug '10Xi}0~1 "{3& -JD1fl3"{31 01 1DX ~8D1ADd:JD~3 I}O"{"{Ol.C gl.CD 13XJ D)riDf.O(,!i\3
QQQ'j? All"{D£)]013 AJC) D£lJV ·::; W1 l)lDX 11g 'J3elll13TIUD u1 A3 s~xu3A3/. su1 srrmi 9 A 5rro1 91Dx Al)3 'rwr11. au
9
lJA 5m1Al)l.C AOJV' . "1010l)"{l.ClJli\31C 1llX 1010l)"{l.C1<,/ ADO~ 'I}OriD1i\lt"{"{3 50:LA?8md>ilorlmg SrtOA9ilX Sr}OX1i\D11D10X
DA )3001Crl J01rllJ 11g 130Jd:lDAD 5D£lJV ·::; o 11g1q '5DO!JlX 5rt01 1DX SI)OA10(,!AD~3"{V SrtOl l)1DX (A1Dpd:J
5U1 ~rloq ~X113"{rtd:J AU1 DX91 1Xg ,"{"{D 'DJ3Xouae AUl '510AJ1ilt0/.U001C 5101 A3 lJl l)lDX 'A~X11DTI('f)0U"{lCTirlD
AD~lJ"t"tl! 1o 1ouo 1o 'SDJov ·w 5~xrAU"t"ttr su1 Jmu1xmDx AD0]1rl3<,J 513) )3X3 1101 10Aof.gl.CD AD)38rl3 ,1DX 10 1DA)3
10 ADO~ 10XI}O~l "{3& QQQ'j? MAgri 11g 'D\JJV '3 rlOl UD]8 mx 'AmA9ilX Am1p1omXilD Am1 91CD 5)3/.rriD 5g>X113"{rtd:J
U '~X11Drif.D01C (lO"{g8DX l)"{"{D '~X11ADTI('f)0 I}"{Ol.C, 1DAJ3 '5owrl.\p01C n01 13iltgl.CD ~X1A3/. lt1 AJ 'ADA13ri}OD1C ,\D)DV
11g '.,A('f)A~"{"{tl A('f)l ~/.(l)/.lJlDX H .. 1101 rlO)"{\J1£) rlOl 9LZ AlJOX1V1! Alt1 531AI)OX1o AOOJrl~o 10 119 'Sm3~)3<,!A3 5lt11}D1
D<,!)"{3o u1o O"{rtougrluv ·v nJd:JDilUno Sc;>"{Dd:JDD o/.o"{g1~D 5~X11X13<,!01CD i\D)"{ Slt1 X3 m1I}O 1D1)30rtlODri11CJDoilu mx
AOl guD l)X1A('f)013 1ll13d:Jl)Of. DA 5mA}1iOlC3 OX1(,!l) 1DA J3 ... D1DTI1i)3"{01Cfl l)X1/.0"{01C('f)08AlJ llli}DlOl 1DlAI}OOltlDOD1£
· "···S0n(jtguD 5~X113A3/. 5~x1/.0"{0l.Cm08All 5Ul guD '5DAC)l1D I)01iD<,!flO ADJDV Al)OX1V1! Alt1 AU"{9 ,8llX A003ri~D l)"{"{V
5mADDI}30ilmg 5rt01 l)lDX 'l}~m3rl m1 A3 SmJ3"{31 ADoueo 'ADJ"{Ild:JOriO A~X1"{0/.A/,Oli\! AU1 513 A1DilOX~AD 10X01)0Jo
-JADd:JU~3 '5~X1ADX"{DH 5U1 mx 5DJOV ·w 5Ul I}OTIDrl8U"{lC 10 119 '1lll3kl"{ 5m3iltgl.Cll nO"{"{l? ~3 S~x1/.0"{0l.Cm08AD 91CV,
flOl A(1))0rtrlri01DX3 A('f)1 5g1A3 531AJOD1CDD1(,! '10XI}0~1"{3& :130]d:JDAD (£961 '(,!X3) .,I)OriD1Alt"{"{3 rl01 1DX A(Y)JOV A('f)l
1DX 1ll(/)ADTID0 531i\g8"{3 ADJOV 'VI! 513 10 ADD~ Al)3 5)110X lt '5Jltk1V., ll01 n0)"{£)1\J llJ301D1g ~X1kO"{Ol.Cm08AV
<;61 IIOZ O.L VdO<l>VNVlEI H)!IVO ..3 .. VVVWO :l:VSYOJJ :l:Hd.LHWHV t61
196 1\HMHTPHI fiOABAI OMAI\A "E" OAIKH EIIANA<POPA TO 20 II 197

"m buo ClUTE£ OfHXbE£ av6gw:n:wv ELVCtL xma f!Eya f!EQO£ beCyf!etTL, 6n, 6oov acpoga uc; TYJV cpllmx~v cpliA.~v. to
0gaxux£cpalcm, cxouv ouxva to aur6 XQWf!Ct rwv ocp6alc- a(f!a twv o:n:a6lDV toll EgtoygouA. Tougxwv tYJc;
f!Wv XCtL TWV TQLXWV, TYJV etUT~V E1Jfl£la QLVCt, TYJV CtUT~ KEVT(JlX~£ Ao(a£, TO o:n:o(ov (JEEL EL£ tete; cpA£Ba<; TOll VEW-
yEvLx~ cpuowyvwf!(a". Am6 a:n:orelceC :n:avYJYUQLX~ emBE- TE(JOll Tougxou, brv EC vaL :n:aga f!Let a:n:ugom~ xgwmc;".
BaCwoYJ twv 6owv avacp£g8YJOCtv JTQOYJYOUf!Evwc; xm rwv 0 av8gw:n:oA.6yo£ tEAO£ Ag11c; I1ollA.wv6c; tov(~EL, 6n:
6owv EXEL u:n:ootYJQCsn :n:JcewtaxL£ xata xmgot'£ o "Ot Tougxm tYJc; M. Ao(a£ otYJV :n:A.eto\jJYJcp(a TOll£ r(vm
"L'l.aulc6£". am6x8oVE£". ("L'l.etllAO£", t. 126).
0 Eickstedt m(OYJ£ agvrCto TYJV cpu).rnx~ ox£oYJ twv 'EvbELSYJ yta TYJV EAAYJVLXOtYJtet tuJv Toiigxwv etJTOTEAEL
Tougxwv f!E tOU£ Moyy6Jco1Jc; A£yovta£: "E8£m(l~8YJoav TO yeyov6£, 6n ax6f!YJ xaL O~f!E(Jet oto tOll(JXLX6 A£/;LAO-
m TougavoC OJ£ Moyyolcortbd£, Aa8o£". H bg. Afet Inan yw llrragxow :n:A.~6oc; en YJVLXlilV-mA.aoytxwv Hl;ewv,
u:n:OOTYJQL~EL oto cgyo tYJc; "Turkiye Halkinin antropolojik JCOll EX(JYJOLf!OJTOLOUVTO a:n:6 TOUc; CtliTOX80VE£ TC(JO TOll
karakterleri ve tlirkiye Tarihi" (= Av8gw:n:olcoytxoC xaga- y)..womxoii extOli(JXLOf!OU TOll£. Ot OYJf!EQLVOC Of!W£
xt~(JE£ tou Tougxtxou Jcaou xm Tougxtx~ IotooCa), Toiigxm bLCtTYJQOiiv xm ),aoygacptxa otmx£La, :n:oll OllOLet-
Ankara 1947, 6n m Tougxm oubqtCa cpulcenx~ OXEOYJ onx6 eCvm e1cAYJvtx6.. :2:' 6A.a ta A.a·cxa xm OYJf!Onxa f!OU-
EXOUV f!E TOU£ flOYYOAOTataQOU£. 'Eva OYJf!CtVTLXO OTOL- mxa 8EflCtTCt OTYJV OYJf!E(JLV~ Toli(JXLCt Ell(JLOXOllflE amoii-
XELO, :n:ou a:n:otEAEL £vbEL/;YJ yta TYJV EAAYJVLx6tYJta twv OLEc; llf!VWOLE£ xm t(JOJTCl(JLCt TYJ£ XQLOTLCtVLX~c; EXXAYJOLCt£.
Tougxwv, ;ragcxnm arr' ta ygacp6f!rva tou H.A. L'l.tetTYJ(JEL taL ETCLOll£ 11 avafl VYJOYJ TWV JTCt(JEA86VtWV XQL-
Gibbons OTYJ orlcCba 63 TOll cgyou TOU "The Foundation onaVLXWV xg6vwv xm TYJ£ aA.A.al;omotCac;. A:n:' tOll£
of the Ottoman Empire" (exb. 1916), 6:n:ou avacpegEL, 6n: XW(JLXoiic; ETCLOTJc; mavaA.etf!Blivovtm flllXCtVlXU OE O(lLOf!E-
"0 Ogxav (m6c; tot' Oortav) EOXYJf!anor to £8voc; tou VE£ TC(Ja/;ELc; Tll£ XCtflTJfLt(JLV~c; ~W~£ (OJTet(lyaVWOTJ TWV
a:n:6 vt6ma OTOLXELCt. A uta ~oav xcna TO JTAELOTOV EAAYJ- VYJTCLWV, xA.aOTj toll agtoll X.A.JT.) OTOLXELCt, JTOll Of!OLa-
VLXa". LYJflELun£ov, 6n o Oof!av ll:n:~gl;e tbgut~£ tou ~OllV fLE tO X(lLOTLCtVLXO tllmx6. 'Q)c' ama a:n:oOELXVUOllV,
08wf!avtxou xgatouc; xm llLOc; toll EgTOygoulc. Mna 6n m xatOLXOL tTjc; M. AoCac; ELVCtL OliOLetonxa EAATJVOYE-
tov btaf!EALOft6 tou :2:r;<. t~ouxtxou xgatOll£ o Oof!av VE(c;. BeBaCm£ ll:n:agxow xm elcaxwta 1\e(yf!ata f!Oyyolct-
avEXYJQUX6YJ YJYEfl6vac; TYJc; B t6llv(a£ xm to 1299 e;l.a0r xou av6gw:n:o;\.oytxoii ti'iJTOll, allt6 Of!W£ ft6vov ota 06.6TJ
TOV TLTAO tOU OOliAtaVOll tOll avr/;a(JTYJTOll xganbLOll TTJ£ AvatolcCa£, yt' am6 xm og6w£ o Pittard llJTEot~(JL~E,
to·u, tO o:n:o(o etJTETEA.EOE OTOlXELCt Xat OllVETCW£ OL 6n m Moyyolcoetbd£ otTJV TollQxCa eCvm f!ELOVOTTJta.
Oof!a(bE£ ~oav oA.L yagd1f!OL. 0 Arnold Toynbee m(OYJ£ MTJ ATJOf!OVOUflE telco£, 6n m av8gw:n:olc6yoL Peterson
OTYJ OEALba 135 TOll egyou tOU ":2::n:Oll0~ tYJc; IOTO(llet£" xm Luschan a:n:€1\ul;av TTJV en TJVLXOtTJTa twv xato(xmv
(EXO. 1962) avacpE(JEL: "ECvm aVCtflcpLOB~tYJTOV, m( :n:aga- TTJ£ Allx(a£ xm tTJ£ N.L'l.. Mtxga£ Ao(a£: OTTJ oelcCoa 198
ADDlt8X:JQ3 mx ADDDX:j 5rr01 DDDgJ'(A. Ul mx 31DgJ '5priooq no1 ~rltn ~XD13A.OD3W Alt1 3~D0"9131Q A3Q ~'(ogon ~x1g
-11!3 10 ADD~ lOA.)'( OD9l ·.,AgJXD00 ... AClllA9XUAD ADJ'(Ild:J -D'(D Lt., :119 13~JA01 ( 1766 I ·qx3) .,AmA~'('(3 Am1 ~A.roA.Dmx
-orio A~X1AU'('(30mXoy 1DX A~X1A.DD'(3IJ AUl 513 AOl 5001! H,, no1 noA.o9 noA.0'(91~D no1 O!>Z ·'{3D ltw So'(no:u9rlltv
13DJOXA.nD A3 A9riDn8lt'(l! DAoeX91nD 3191 D1AI}OX10 AOOt;JX ·v 0 ·(XI}OO"Ol!DV) ~X10D1DlOXOil01 mrl mx ~X1ilD'(D
A9X10DA. '(llOS: A9A 103TIUD AOl 513 AOl 5oo:u 13DJOXA.ilD mrl 'S:J'(Of]D13 OI}Q 3xlteX?q LIAJ3X3 ~Xmih:u H ·Amo"9ktnos:
A3 ilOJ3X1010 ilOA:j~ XI}OODl!DV ilOl 50Q"9TI0 5ltl X3 ilOl Aml ~A.roA.mnx AUlD 3TII}OGD100103l! D8 S"9XOD ,lD)l
DJA.O'(DAD lt D:jllt '(3TID 5gJ'(31A3 5gJX113'(ildl mx lt1DJXD'(3 ·m1"9XDODl! DJ3X
A389 1DAJ3 ... ilOlA"9TIUDD 5gJ'(31A3 5gJX110DOl! 50Q"9TIO )031! -1010 D1U'(S"91QD mx D1Drr3rlt"91QD 3rl J3GX13QOl!D ,8 01i}Ol
0113X90:U3 · AgJ1ltXDrl 53Q"91'(1X 51301 5m? OI}Q 5m 3A1Df) ·S3AOGX91ilD ~\ID'(ltq 1DAJ3 ·LtomD9l!ll A(Ol ~X113'(ilcb
-:j03l!il A"93 'Drilt1~~ Dkjrl 1DAJ3 ···~qD'(ltq XI}OODl!DV il01 ~x1XoD lt 13~"9'{'{"0 ,A SmXJq 'S<;lx1DDro'(A. OA9ri ADolteo
5"9riO H · .. ~1ltAX31 5lt19A83 1DAJ3 100DA.'(I}OS: 10., :119 '(!>Z: -)ll"O'(D3~3 "9X11lD'{D 53lAI}0'(11iO 10 .,A(OJADX'(DS:., A(01 10X
-vz: .'(3D '.,5JltA.1y.,) Df)JV ·3 il01ltrjto:u"9 lt UA:jrlltA.o'(01DX1Q -1o1"9x 10 '"9x1Xov ·aorlJv no1 aoo~Aooo3X Slt1 AmxJomx
'A91!10'( '5m11} '(Ol!D mA J3 · ,,50AgJ1D nog-no L no1 mDrl A(Ol D1Ul9X1AU'('(3 Alt1 mA. DJ3X1010 "9X103n D13X:jAilD
-~Oil3 "9X1A.O'(Ol!CllOGAD01D'(Dl! DlD "9X11010U1XDODX "9X1'(0,\. lt10 "9X1lfl'(DAD A~WGO:ldlDAD D() A(OXOI}Ol AClll Alt'(IJ
-,\.on D1 ~cJmo 1DAJ3 1DX AD '9D'( 9X10DA.'(il0f) AOlD D031i~O ·s~A.coA.Dwx S~x1A83 S~A10X ltoro:UI}lAJ lt 1D13QJQ1D1?
1D13A JDTIUD11!3 A3Q 13~13QA? ~Xl'(OA.A.orl "91TITID)l ·5gJX1A.O'( mx S310rl9 1DAJ3 OOl!l})l AltlD A8JQ"9rio AgJX113'(rtcb OI}Q Aml
-O:U(l)OGAD mx 009 '5gJX1DD(l)'(,\. 0091 9TIDilt)U'(l! 9X1XD0G 531lt19AXrtll 0 s: v 10 119 '3XltGcbl}'(DX3l!D S:jlflD 53Afl30:j
AOlD DD:jrl 51W1 ltAXJ D1 ADDUG"9X3 "9X1'(31 'DJOOlDOXOlilD S11 ,:uv :Saoxo~tol voE·z L
mx 53Alt'('(3, E9E. Jo 53Art3o?
~A11AD~ng AU1 3rl Snorl:j'{Ol! S~to03gocb 3D AD()'(~ mx DOgJX 5jJX1A.0'(01DTI1D ADTIDXjl 10'(,\.AV.: 10 DMI)A.y I}OXD10l!il)l
AU1 ADOD)Dil0~3 10AJ3X3 JD1ll1XD1DX 10 5(llTI9 119AO'(OW., fl01 OQOJ03l! Altl "9l"OX 119 '5019AOA.3A. flOl X3 1DX 1D1
:130:jdJDAD il01 ilOJ'(g1g 501A;JtJ03dJDADOOl! il01 l !)Z: -31}AX13QOl!D A(OXCJI}Ol A(01 ~,\.(1),\.l)lDX ~X1Alt'('(3 H ·SDJDV
DQ)'(30 lt10 50'(Itol!9TIU\7 ·v o 'DAgJ1D OL AOl DJODA.'(ilOS: 5"90X1W Slt1 S;Xo103:u 53'('{"9 S11 mxAD~D1)~3 AD 'U;JSJ;JJ;ld
AUlD 3A1A.;J ilOl! ·~'(OgD13 ~X10DlD10XOil01 AU1 D1J o mx uutpsn'l o AD1l!ll'("9X3AD DtJ 911tD mx SDJllV Til Slt1
'Cl& Sori91 '.,501'{H,. ·xA.g) S:jX0103l! 53'('("9 SnD mx 01QJ 01 13AJDf)1ino D8 '~X0103l!
. .,A(l)lA:JSXmo:un A(l)05J10TI810Dil'(Ol! MOl 9l!Cl 'I}OXD'('(D Altl LIAJ3X3 ,o 91rrD Sm1i9 13AJD8rl,w DA mJ ·snot;JX Slt1 Amx
mx 13AJD8rlno Sm •ADDlte~dloooJ:uD '1o\J"9't& JOX1ADX'(DS: -JOlDX AltgJOl! AOll 10AOA.9:UD 'mirtJXO~O() 01 JOAD83Til)(lJW
10 'JD1U1XDl"OX 10031()l3A 10., :119 1DX .,10fl"9'(& mAJ3 St;J'(l!D 119 mx .. l}orlonolt'(:u I}Ox1xoamoo:u
Sm1A"9:U 1DAJ3 A3Q 10oDA.'(I}OS: 10 .. :119 130:JillDAD SoJOl!o am 10AOA.9:UD ADJ3Grt3 ,mx Sm SgJX1A3i\ 1DlAOI}AX13QOl!D
o ·suoDri~to)l ·1 SDJA.o'(o:urooeAD s~x1Alt'('(3 Slt1 SDo:Jm:u o 10A3TI9~D13~3 10XOI}Ol J3X3 10., :119 'A"0~10~103l!fl (6681
mx 13AgJ1D\J3fl11!3 01 011}01 mx .,I}OTIDilGU'(l! I}OX10"0A.'(ilOg 'uug!M) .,SBA{IW pun U;JI)[A'l m U;JSI;Jt[., Sam aoA.o9 rro1

66! l!OZ 0-L VdO<!>VNVllt! H)!IVO ,.t[, VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:Hd-LHWHV 861
 200 ~HMHTPH:i: fiOi\BA:i: OMA~A "E" Oi\IKH ETIANA<t>OPA TO 2011 201

anll. ECvm Ouvat6v 0[-tUl~, av ijoav nonoc, OJWl~ JtQf- ELXr:J.Y xaA.eoa TO 1963, yta Ya E~ETI'ioa aY8QwnoA.oytxw~
oBruouv OQLOftEVOL, ot ono(m tou~ avaBtB<it;ouv oe 12- TOV JtAilflllO[-tO Til~ BouAyaQ(ac;. '0Tav r:J.VEXOLVWOE Ta
15.000 1)Jux£~ (A. Ka'\j!ij~, "E>QaxoA.oyCa", tEuxo~ 2, oeA.. anotEAEo~wTa HDV EQEuvwv TOll, t6tE o Oti'ioll[-tOc;
5), va xaoouv til yA.wooa tou~; Aoytxa 8a €nQme va tllv BouA.yaQO~ axa<'>ll!-la·(x6c; Vladimir Georgiev Tou £Lm:
EmBaA.ouv. Touto xm v6vo anobrtxvi'JEL, 6n ot EmbQo- "Nm, E([-taflE oL Jtr:J.Qi'i JtEVTE 1-.emi'i'EA.AilVE~". Ac; oouft£
ftEL~ ijoav OALYOQL8ftOL xm ouv£nw~ out£ tllv yl.wooa ovw~ tL AEYEL EJt( TOll 8E~lr:J.10~ TOUTOll 0 IlouA.Lav6~: "E>a
OUT£ TllV cpuA.ij ijoav EL~ tl€mv v' anmwoouv. ij8eA.a va TovCow TO aYavcpwf.'liiTiltO yEyov6c; tile; xata-
EtbLXO( EJtLOil~ av8QumoA.6yOL, JtOU exouv EQEUVijOEL JtAilXTLxijc; ouvmwoll~ twv yvwQLO[-tCitwv Tile; KEVtQLXr]c;
tllV JtfQLOXii, EXcpQ&t;ouv tllV Cbta anm~ll· 0 Mn6Ecp ow BouA.yaQCac; ve EXELVfJ. Tile; KQ!itllc;. To yryov6c; aut6
EQYO tou "Rassengeschichte von Bulgarien" (rxo. 1979) ftLAI'iEL acp' eallwu yLa tllv rrav6.Qxma alltox8ov(a twv
wvCt;a, 6tt: "0 v6To~ Til~ BollA yaQ(a~ Jtr:J.QOllOLat;a oiift£- BollAYI'iQWV. "ETOL vovCt;w, JtW~ OL LOTOQLXO( tOll
Qr:J. VLr:J. EVTOVIl AEJttoqJUij Mwoyaaxij OOfLii (OilA. cnllVL- Mwa(wva, :tOll JtQOO;ra8ouv EX tou ftllOev6~ Ya <'>llftLOllQ-
xij), JtOU OcpELAETr:J.L 0£ ll'\)!llAOTEQr:J. JtOOOOTCi JtQOOAfJ.llLXOlJ yijoouY "E8YOYEVE01l LAfJ.lJ(llV" OtllV BoUAYr:J.QLr:J., r)QLOXO-
JtAil8uo~LOu. H (l6Q£Lr:J. BotJA.yaQCa E(vm Jt£QL006tEQO EJtll- vtm onwooijnoTE EXT6~ t6Jtoll. To EAI'iXLOto rroooot6
QEaOftEVIl r:J.JtO TllY IloYTLr:J.Xij JtOLXLA(a HUY anoy6vwv OllXQr:J.VLXWV xm TOllQr:J.VLXWV JtAil8UO[lWV (m(
Mwoyaaxwy". Err Coil~ o M£86oto~ Ilorrwcp, o ono(o~ ~LEQOU~ til~ 6x81l~ TOU i'>.ouvaBil) x68E 6.A.Ao JtClQCi btxmo-
ECYat LAauo~, ow EQ'/O Tou "Antropologija na b' AOy£( wv xaQUXTil(lLOV6 twY BouA.y6Qwv oav LAauwv".
Igarskija narad" (exo. 1959) wYCt;a, 6n OTil BollAYr:J.Q(a To tl£~ta anllox6A.Ilo£ xm Tov llftEQijow tuno. H ecpll~tE­
"ouzY6t£QO~ £(Yat £x£(Yo~ o ouyouao!-\6~ yY<DQLOft<iTwY, QCba "AxQ6noA.t~" mo cpuno Til~ 281l~ Auyouotoll tou
noll r:J.YTLOTOLXEL ow Mwoyaax6 (OilA. EnllYLx6) cpuA.o, 1966 EYQr:J.'\jJE eva <'>llVOOLEU[-tfJ. VE TLTAO: "Ot BouA.yaQOL
exdyo~ JtOll anoTeA£( iioll an6 T~v No£1-.tfltxij moxii tllY orv eCvm LAr:J.uOL. Ot Lr:J.Qr:J.Xr:J.TOI'ivot til~ BouA.yaQ(a~
Baoll to JtAil8UOft0{1. AuT6~ o OllYbllaov6~ Jtr:J.QOllOL<it;£tm eCvm 'EA.AilvE~". LUYXEXQL~t£va £YQacpr: "ITwe; E~llYELTm
OE vcyaA.utEQo noooot6 oto Y6to. Aut6 BeBma Ollftr:J.LYEL, LOTOQLX6. ll uJtaQ~Ilc; BouA.yCiQWY JtOll avijxouv OtllY EUQW-
6n xm 0 BOQQO~ EXEL vwoy£Lr:J.Xij (en llYLX!i-8Qr:J.XLxij) na"(xij cpuA.ii; Ilwc; ll oA.mnxii E:ttbQovii orv E~EVIl<'>£vw£
Ooft~, 6[-tw~ xm ft£ xanot£~ EJtLVEL1;CEc;". Ot BouA.yaQot tollc; r:J.llT6xfloY£<; xm nwc; oL Lr:J.QetXaToavoL tile;
AOLJt6Y EL Yr:J.L allt6z8oYec; xm [-ti'iALOTa xmmxouYtE~ OtllY BollAYUQLr:J.~ rvcpaYCt;ovtm an6 12.000 XQOVW OL LOLOL
Cota JtEQLOXfr an' tllY NwA.tflLxij moxii. cpuAETLXCi, OLr:J.11lQWYTac; ouyxQ6Ywc; EAAilVtx£c; ouyijfla£c;,
E>a EmxaA.otoUftE T€1-.oc; xm toY m6 aotx6 oto 8€[-ta ii81l xat £6t[-ta; Evw OllA.aoii ot aQxmoA.oytx€c; V£AET£c;
til~ xataywyij~ TwY A.awy til~ BahaYLxij~, tOY AQil arrooEtxvuouy Tllv unaQ~Il rm<'>Qov£wy oE otacpoQa
IlouA.taY6. Ot BouA. yaQOL ~L€ow Til~ AxaollvCa~ wuc; ToY OllVELa Tile; BaA.xavtxijc;, nou E~EVIlOEVLOClY to vt6mo
)031£ 1Dl13X90ll 119 'AOA9ri 1Di\ )3 i\91X3\? 3l0ll~\?D(l)l£0 U'{jl\JrtoihrtO)l ')I i\01 D)DDJ..03 lL 1DX "S3AU '{'{3., S31Ajl8D
"")01\D\:)'{y 10 A003rl~D i\~XO\,'X3 DA11 '91DX 1D1AI}00(1)38 -mD'{OX3 1DAJ3 SDJoDA.'{noa SIL1 i\)chu rt01 mx A(l)JllOX&
AgJ10rt'{'{l A(1)1 mDrlrlJ3'{0llrt SL),. :lLoDrlrJO)l ·r oA.9'{0ll A(l)l 10i\(1)d:l9\JD'{& 10,. '(9Z1 'l) UDUlA'9llD 13AJ\? ,.S9'{rtDV,.
-(1)08AD /\OlD oA.9'{ 01 S(l)rl9 3rlrtODgJ\? Sy ·Srto1 )Oi\OA.90ll 9X1Q01iJJll 010 I}OAD1'{il0li 'V i10A.9'{0l£(1)08AD 1101
1Dli\1}00(1)38 10)01£0 10 ')010rt'{'{l 10 ADD~ )0101£ ')38DD:L3;p U~rt31AjlAiiD ~X11ii'{DlDX U AglAD1llOX&· i\Cill DrijlS 01 D1J
Di\ 13lljl0ll 'S3A08X91rtD 1Di\)3 JOAD\J'{V 10 S(l)rl9 I}Odly 'U'{Ciljl 1DAJ3 A(1)0'9A'{noa A(1)1 S~A.(l)i-DlDX S~X1'{0Uorl mx
· S3i\IL '{'{t:LS(l)rl9 1X9 S~X1rtD'{D )Chll D)0(1)3fj lL 1l9 AiiOI}AX13QOllD 'AI}0803dJDAD
'Agl'{rtdl DJrl03llDi\Dll D11i i\DD~ S3i\U'{'{t:L 10 119 '13~)3\,'0llD ,A DJDDJ..03 D1ri 30 A91DM9 1Di\)3 i\39 iiOll 'D'{'{'9 '9'{'{0ll
,i\ mJ.. '3DI}010llorlwlLoX Srtol mx SJ3A3A.O'{'{D 3DI}00(1)38 mx '91ftD ,'{0, ·(SDi\gJ1D 506) A(1)1A9XOD i\(l)oyA.'{rt0\J01(1)0U
Srt01 S(l)rl9 SoJOllO o 'oam;oarl'{Dcp ggJXDI o mx 3XIL8X?\? A(1)1 Sjld:lDOA.1ll3 10 53Ajlrlrluo,\. ADD~ 5lLOJll3 ~X1i\U '{'{3
Srtol DJA08X01rtD AUJ, ·Srto1 D)i\08X01rtD i\U1 m,\. 101\ AUlD 1DX '9'{'{V · i\CilA9(1X01rlD A(l)l DDO<)J'{A. IL1 ,llD DJ3X
-jlrlD13ll3ll1DAJ3 JOAD\J'{V 10 'S9i\D1'{rtOU SILO\!: 0 130:)dJDAD -1010 Di\3rl9~(1)0D1\? WAJ3 ''9X10DA.'{nog mo DOJrl~o AnoX
5(1)1£9 'D:LD1'{'9W . Agl10rt HI A(1)1 10AOA.9llD i\Xl)38rt3 ,:LDX -0'9llrt rtOll 'MD32?'t AgJX1AlL '{'{3 Sofl~'{ll mx Sg1eux S~XoBrl
10 1Dli\I}OOCIJ38 JOAD\J'{V 10 SjlllLMtJ03 Srto03l90D103ll S1101 SIL1 mx 1100(-)0l) rlOl lLon'{YAD lL mx Sml£9 'OOf)Ol) OJ, '(Oo
'91DX 119 'J3flD1A10XI131\? DA i\O?\? SomrlJ8 rw1 umU;roooll -3lJ\,'Ct0 01 mA. D1 '9Xii'{Ufl 1DX 9X1A300D 01 mA. 31 'f)U'{ll
1Lo3li}'{DX mrl D1J 'AgJAD\J'{V i\<ll1 ~AmA.mDX ~X1AIL'{'{J '0031jl9rlO 01 m,\. 01 '9xrt'{U(1 01 m,\. l"Jl '9X1A300D 01 m,\.
i\U1 AD~1o~lD3llrt 'DAJrl1ox3xA.rw 10A.9'{0l£(1)08AD SJ3Afl ,1 'X1i\3) i\(1)1'9rlOi\O A(1)1 1Xl13DOJ)l1l£3 OJOllO 01 '00(10'9 13Xjl
-31\,' 1l91\? 1DX 011}01 DrlJtj 01 ml- D)i\(1)d:l01iO lUi1'{9llD 13X ~X10DA. '{ClOfi lL 'rtOOfJOY S<,ll'{3li\Dll 1Dli\1}003lD S3DOgJ'{A.
-0'9llrt A3\? U91\? '011}01 mx Agli\D\:)'{V i\Oll S~J..CIJ,\D:LDX SILl SjJX1rtD'{D 10 53'{9 gJi\3 'umiA.J3QDODll Jll3. 'DJ3X1ow l)X1
DrlJe 01 1DAJ3 '31ii}08DlD Dfl O)Ol£0 010 'S(l)ri9 Oi\)3X3. -11Xl'{D00ll DDOgJ'{J.. ~X10DA '{110\J i\lllD 1Dl.\O~C)JD D03rl~D 1DX
·JJ<;lllOU 501\?983W llrl9XD 1l9 'J3{)<1l13rllto Di\ AOjlV' 'i\gll01ClD'{OADll A(l)l 19JAX
SooDJ.. '{I}Of.l o mx 311\'9& ·X 59i\Drlo3J o 'S11\JO'{JO\JDJ -1Dll 01 AD~1Dlljl ~ 50()'9'{ i\D~DOllJ1\? rt01C}01 Sowrl;lfl rt01
SOA.9'{0l!Cil08i\D SOI}D'{DOXA.i101J o mx 1D13X?C/ Jll3 10A.9'{0mXoD 10 119 '1Di\)3 '1D131}AX13QOllD rtOll Srnrl9
AU1 A(l)Jl!OX& Mll1 ClOJ\,'11DOX rtOl A(l)XJOlDX AC!J1 D:LU19X1i\ OA9rl OJ, ',.0138J1AD 01 5gJ\J10XD l)'{'{D '5llllgJ0113. 'V'N
-U'{'{3 AUJ, '9riD1rtD'{DADll /\OlD - 531\U'{'{ti.)DX AD - 13:lJoDX SILl 51)-0D'{ SJAO()X9111D Srt01 i\DD1A'9dJD~J ~ ADD(l)JOrlocbD
Sn01 OJOllO 01 'o1q)mox 9X1i\IL'{'{'i3. 01 ,llD i\(1))l£OX& A(l)l SJ31i0091l£3 10 119 1D13XJ\,'D0Dll A39 D031DJ\J10XD ~X1013rl
SowrlJfl 1101 lLmllgJ13riUAD lL 1Di\)3 ')31X18 Di\ 131£901! Dfl -01£(1)08/\D) D)A.O'{Ol£(1)0fji\D lt '0)3X10lD OA 1llgJO()i\D 01ll91A
noll OA9rl OJ, 'DrlJ8 01 Ai101lli}'{DX (6Z-SZT '1 ',.S9'{i1DV..) 01 ADD1AJI?llrla23 rtoll 'S~X1ADX'{Dfl Slt1 DJ3rlllo DOOd:ll)19
,.rtOrlJV rtOl 00Ui\90il3X lLW DJXomonx ~X113'{rtd:l 1DX 30 Mlljlri0091ll3 ll20DllC} All:t 1Dl3Xjl9D0Dll i\3\,' ( D0310jl\J10XD
~1{100101 ~X1i\U'{'{3 H ')Oi\D1ll0X& - 101)-D'{& - S3i\9\,'3XDVI[,. ~X1013ri0l£(1)0{)AD) D)A0'{0l£(1)0fjAD lt 'opX1010 Oi\ 1llgJOflAD

mz !!OZ Ol VdO<t>VNVll3 m!IVO ,.3, VVVWO :rvsvou :rHdlHWHV zoz

-D'{3l!OAIL'{'{3 SILl S~1)(101LlDOl!fl S9ri038 911£ 0 '9)(1AU'{'{3 1013. ·S3All'{'t3. Srtol ,un ~11liL'{11AD S<;:>o3X113 AD19A1A A3Q
D1DXOJ?AD1!1DX D1DTI9AO J?X10fl'{'{1 D1A}8mOD1(/ 13D1}1AILTI03 AD19 1JJX Ui\}Tifl0'{11iO(JDX AUl ,lLD 303dJ;J1Q ~lflD AJJ19 ',.~X
Di\ 3Xfl1)1£3 S~X1AD\J'{V SILl D138~0\J IL1 3ri 119 '3D!DAJOX3i\D -10D~joD\J,. Sm ·~x1AU'{'{3 Am~ ~111JJ AD 1x m109 ''}OD'{ S9A3
Ul!BH UOA i3JO;;>Q 0 £<;8 J 0~ ',.0(/J?'{X 9X1kOD'{3IJ,. ;\010 ~ S~tX01o31! Sm1i JJOO<;J'{A ll1 AD~1il~1XJJODX D'{OXI}3 1}'{01£
3~D15JlD)( AILl 1XJ)( S~X1AIL'{'{g SILl 1XJ)( S~X1AD\J'{V SILl Dl SJAll'{'t3. 10JDXoD 10 119 'mAJ3 Dm\JJ\J m1e~'tD H ·(·ll·'{·x
-1L19101io Alll 3Dm10)1£31Q JQl!:JI;;>Jl!:lS SoA9'{0DD0l'{A o O<;Sl 6Z 'l £ So1\JJV '17 1 SllA)rin3 'v·l <; ··~?'N 'SoXom'}O'{IJ)
0~ 'A98'{30Dll 01 J?lDX 53AOTI~1011£3 J013XOD J38ADdJOJ.CD 53AU'{'{3, Srto0319D0103u S1to1 ,l!D ~lllOADlJJX Smo
ADXJ3 A!)l10I1 '{'{l A<;>AD\J'{V MDl SmiL19X1AIL '{'{3 SILl O}l£ A -;JriD AD19Mk A3(/ ~X1AOQJxDri IL 119 'DJilruoDri S~dmo 13X
'(5D\JJV '3) ,.J?X1DrtdJ ADJ'{IldJOriO 1XJ)( -OJ?llrt i\009 ,dJ3 'SDOO!Jl'{A 5~X1A0(/3XDri 5lll JJ1U19X1AU'{'{3
ADJDD<D'{A01iO A~X1AIL '{'{301DXoy ,\Ul S13 AOX~AD,. J010fl'{'{I 11 mx )J(JUllt\JmclniD ,A 131LJ01l ll(J 1191 'S~X10I1'('{1 5lll mll1
10 1XJ)( ~(/D'{IL(,> 119 '0138)1/\D 01 1D13'}AX13(,>01LXJ 91il D -9)(1AU'{'{3 ll J3()Ullt~jmdJriD ,\)) D:W 'S3All'{'{g,SI}Ol£10'{ Srtol
59AO!c3A 01 ,lLV '('lL'{'X SIL1DJ'{3dJO 'S911Xl03J 'S 9 1DltXAo ,llD smo~t'(ll ~llloADmx 13AJic lJA o'{oxol}q Amst llA3ri 9 om'{
'SIL1D;Jfl8 '5Ll1DJOO) S3AU'{'{3, 51l01£10'{91llt 5rto1D -3~3 J?X11300dJJJ1Q AOll llO!J()l'{.\ ll 1JJX AOli\~'{'{301DXOD Aml
D0319110A mx 13Xopurt IL~IL'{pwx Smri9 m<;>J H ·5,}0101\'{'{l 91ioox 01£10'{91£11 i\01 ,llll 10A)lhiOXOliJJ ADOst ~)(10<1'{'{1 AUl
S1101 mx 1XlAJ3 Smri9 ~AXrtD ·~xlAOQ3XDri DJnXon S:nAI)0'{1rio 10 :9X1011dJ Mll~t 011)0l Aoo9 ,dJJ 'nJAO'{OlDri
AILlD 13XOJ?llfl DJOlLO IL '51L1D;J - IL~IL '{J?lXlX AILl AXJDILtJDJ'{DX -U013X11L3 ~ilDIJoo 30 1Xl1AO~JOU1D A3(/ 'SO(/J?'{'{3 SILll10'{91lfl
-11£3 'J010rl'{'{l '9'{'{Xl 53AIL'{'{3,ADD~ i\3(,> 53A9(,>3XJJ(i'J 10 119 Sll1 53AU'{'{3,Srtol ,llJJ ~llloAnwx (D'{OX1)J ~) Smo;Jrin 013A
AllO~JOILlDOlLfl JJA mlc 'JOX1031i 119 '130;JdJX>AJJ ,.SJILic1V,. flOl -Jic3 i\3(/ ~lflD 119 '9X1A0'{01l 1Xl 01 31i 0'{1)dJ 9X1AU'{'{3 ADD~
110AO;J rtOl 81 D(,>J'{3D lllD Sn~JJV '3 o !)Ji\3 ',."'5'}010fl'{'{l i\3(/ J01011'{'{I 10 5<;JlL3AIHl 1DX DOO<;l'(A ~X1AU'{'{3 AUl Jri
Srtm 31i JJ13AJAicrtD moupx ADXJ3 119 S019A0A1A nm lwiL<,> 13X;J U05JXO DJTI3Qf\O ~X101l'{'{1 ll119 A(!lX103ri 513~t91LJJ 10
-)JMO ADXJ3 DlD1'{'9li 53AIL'{'{3,10,. :119 mx 53All '{'{g,Srtm '01)(3'{J?1Q
3ri M0'}3A3AicrtD J010fl'{'{l 10 119 'n<lJdJDAJJ ( £0 T ''{3D 'L ~X1'{01D DJDXOJJ AUl 3ri Am3~J'{ A(!lX1AD\J'{D A(!l'{'{Oll lto:,~Xo
Sori91) ,.~riov,. 9x1~3'{ 9X1(/1DlLO'{xnxlc3 01 o~ogpoDl£1DAJ3 Altl 3~13(/;J 5llOJlL3 · ,.AO'{r,tdJ A9X1AU'{'{3 1DAJ3 J010rt'{'{I
A3(/ '513~5)'{ 10 01£91 3D 01£91 91£Xl 1D1ArJlD)dJrt f\01£ 5~'{0\J 10,. 119'3~10~1031£11 (6L8 [ '(!X3) ,.1ll1J'{3Io\J JDX1AD~)'{V,.
-nnri SIL1 mA9y,. :3~1A913 nol£9 'O'{i}lDO)! A010 Am19'{Il 1101 DJODk03 AUlD SltO)l£3 5ltO<;Jl11l110)! 'Il 0 '(I Sori91
o 13D~Alt~J 3XJ3 01 91rtJJ OAJli9A1DdJ o~ ·~x1AU'{'{J SolJD ',.501'{H,. ·xA3) ,.Am3~)3(/0l!ll 011051 A(!JA11 A<;J;\3(JOll )1£3 1JJ1
-llAic ~(/D'{ll<;> ·~x1'{01D Am~ Sm1i9 DJOllu ll 'AmJIJmy A!Dl -3~JOD\J 'A(l)i\~'{'{3 1XJ)( i\003TI~O AfJl,\ll~j'{y ~ ',\mi\~'{'{3 1XJ)(
DDD<;J'{k Alll uoJJ~Jop\J Jo'}o'{nxoun sox1 99 all
o nw1'{prl A<;J10rt'{'{I Xl13AJkknD ~X113'{rtdJ H ·"Soqp·t'{3 5ll1 X3 .toA
JJAmlJ?'{IJ i\01 J?lD)! · ,.10AmdJ90D\JOD\J,. AXllAO~JOUlXJJODX ·)1ioXo300lf Sm '1}010rt '{'{I rtOl )031£ 50(l'}1i o mx 13(•AX13(,>
'O'{'}dJ 9X1AU'{'{3 miLl~~jmdJriJJAXJ ADO~ flOl£ '10J3'{H 10 ·X·u Sm119 'Sp'{11dJ Spx1A11D'{OAlt'{'{3 Sm Soou SI}OA3kk•1o I}OD'{

'oz I TOZ 0-L VdO<DVNVU3: H)IJVO ,a, VV'VWO 3:VHVOIJ 3:Hd-LHWHV' POZ
206 t'.HMHTPHI riOi\BAI OMAL'.A "E" 01\IKH EITANA<POPA TO 2011 207

oyLxiic; xmaywyiic; Twv Af.~avwv llniiQs£ o haf.oaf.~av6c; al1Tc1lv 6L' agxmoTaTwv rrgoof-Ll]Qtxwv avTwtoixwv 1.£1;£-
bwnQmiic; cpL/.6/.oyoc; ~ l]~l iiTQLOc; Camarda, o onoioc; wv". ~EOV VC! 01]f,LELW8E(, OTL 0 YACJJOOOAOyoc:; fXOUOTC!~
f-LCt),wta oTo EQYO TOll "Saggio di grammatologia MayLEQ ow; 5.140 uA.~avcx£c; A£1;rcc; rroll Ef-LEAET1JOE, liJtE-
comparata sulla lingua Albanese" (Livorno, 1864) llnE- otiigcl;r OTl OL 1.420 ELVClL AC!TlVOYEVELc:;, Ol 1.180 TOUQXl-
OTiiQLsE, 6n 11 af.~avLxii rivm tva "QoOf-L1JI?Lx6 Llliwf-ta" x£c:;, m 840 EAA!]Vcx£c; xm m 540 OAC!l1Lx£c;. AvT(flna o
xm T1JV ov6~wor "yf.coooa Twv 8rwv". To 1912 o I. 8avao11 c:; MagyagCtl]c:; ("Af.~uvia, Ef.A!]vcxii Ilavagxma
8wf,(6nOllAOc; OTO EQYO TOll "IlEAC!OYLXa", llJtEotfiQLSE Tl]V [!]", OEA. 163, EXD. 1994) liJtOOT!]QLl:;EL, OTl OE JtOOOOTO
EAA1JVLx6t1]ta twv Af.~avwv xm tl]c; Af.~avLxijc; yf.wooac; 85% ofif-LEQC! 11 A.ry6~tEV1] af.~avcxfi y/.woou EXEL or XQii01J
XL n6vLt;r 6n: "m Af.~avo( rwCv €8voc; EAA1]Vo-mf.aoyL- xa81]f-LEQLVEc; f.€1;ac; xa8aga rf.A!]vcx£c; xm ouvmwc; Eivm
x6v". To 1925 o ocanQrnfic; LOTOQLx6c; Ilauf.oc; £va rrrf.aoyLx6- EAA1]Vtx6 ci\Cwf,La.
KaQOALO!]c; OT!]V "Ewaywyfi", o"tOll EXC!f-LE yLa Tl]V enav[x- An' TO 1821 o ~. Y'\jll]ACtVT!]c; t6vct;r rrgoc:; Tolle;
llool] toll EQYOll 1011 KwvomvtCvoll IlanaQQ1JY6nollAOU AA.~avouc:;: "oac;, (JJ avbgrc:; T60X1]0Ec;, i\rv xmayw8r arr6
an' TOV rxi\onx6 OLXO "EAE1lBEQOU0CtX!]c;", XC!TETC!OOE TOlle; ~ccxq611JUX01'c; AvmoALTEc; ouT£ arr6 tollc; &6o1;ollc;
Tolle; Af.~avouc; moue; "lf.AllQLO-Ilef.aoyouc;" xm r8Ew- :2:xU8rc;. E(o8E arr6yovm Twv rrgoy6vwv f,L<Xc:; !]QWWv" EVW
go1JoE XL am6c; Tl]V yf.wooa TWV AA~C!VWV "EAA!]VOnEAC!- To 1897 Lr'lgu81]XE o "Ag~uvCnxoc; :2:uHoyoc; T1Jc;
oycxfi". AHf1vac;", o orroioc; licrxfiquoor rrgoc; Touc; Af.~avouc;:
H rxOLil6f,LEV11 ot11v AOJiva arr' TO 1909 £we; TO 1926 ":2:ac; ovof,L<il:;ollf-LE arS£/.cpLa ... IlgrrrEL va acpijoo11~tE T!]V
rcp!]f-LEQiiln "Ilrf.aoy6c; Kogllwac;" urrwtiiQLsE T1JV arrmjJ!] £x8ga, rrou f-LUe; y£vv!]actv 11 Tollgxia xm m OQ!]OXEtEc; ... 0
Tllc; xoLviic; xntaywyfic; EHfivcov xaL Af.~c~vwv. 0 I. 'Ef.A!]vac;, ngcv yivn'Ef.A!]vac;, ijTav Ag~avtT!]c;, li1]A.a6fi
~gnyo1J~L1]c; 010 £gyo tau "'OooL t;wVTavoC" (A8fivm Ilrf.aoy6c:;.'Ef.A1]vac:; 8a mL Agr)aviT!]c; rrof.mOf-LEVoc:; ...
1911) n6vLt;r, 6n 11 ugrlavCnx11 \.jJUXii xm yf.wooc1 cCvm Ef.Aa6a xwgic; Ag~avma xac Ag~avma xcugic; Ef.Aaoa
OllyyrvLxfc; TOll rAJ,qvW~lOU. 0 ~l!]TQOJtOALT!]c; f,L!XAI.OW E( vm rrgayf,(ma f-LLOCt ... ". IlgoocpaTwc:; 6£ o A. K6Af.cac;
~gu·(vollrr6/.uoc; BcwCI.noc:; IT arraxgiioTOll o' rmOTOA ii £1;£6woE TO ~L~ALO "AQ~C!VLTE<;, 1] xmaywyfi TWV 6WX1]-
toll tl]c; 9·qc; ArrQLAL01l 1924 EYQC!cpr: "... EV en U\n oinm Q~OOEL, 6n "m Af.~avo( aviixouv rLc; Tl]V yrvcxfiv JtEAC!-
(oL rrof.mxoC &v,'\grc:; Tl]c:; Af.~avCac:;) va EOTQEcpov Tl]V oycxfiv Of-LOlpliALC!V". Ilg6ocpaTa f,LCtALOTC! (1993) 0
JtQOOOXfiV TWV JtQOc; OTEVWTEQC!V OUOlpLYSLV TCDV OXEOECUV IJavayLWT!]c:; XqijoTOu Ot!]V egyao(a toll "Maxr6ovia xm
T1Jc; EA!.alioc:; xm T!]c; Af.~avCuc; ou f-LOvov r'lLa to Of-LC!Lf-LOV, ~ag6avia" ("Maxr6ovcxii Zwii", nuxoc; 326,
una xm be& m JtQClYf,LClTLXG Ollf,llpEQOVTC! amwv". T6oo 8woaf.ovix1], Iouf.coc:; 1993) tovit;n: "OL IAAliQtoi f,(al:;i
f-LaAwTa mCotr'\jlr oT!]v EAA1JvLxot 11 m 1wv sEvLxwv J.£1;rwv f-LE TOlle; <Pguyec; xm TOlle; 8gaxrc; fioav m OliYYEVEatmm
Pw~w·ixoof.auotougxLxwv" xm Tl]V "avnxaTaotaoLv rrgoc:; tolJc:;'Ef.A!]vEc; f.aoi ... oiif-LEQC! £vac; f-LOVO /.a6c; Ollyyr-
 208 6.HMHTPH2: f!Oi\BA2: OMAL'<.A "E" Oi\IKH ETIANA<l>OPA TO 2011 209

v~c:; tau£ EXEL f'ELVEL, cCvm Ta GXETLXW£ JtEQLO(!LGf'EVCl TOVL~EL. 6n m A\BrJvo( rJv~xouv GTYJV YJJtELQWTLX~ - ouvrJ-
xani\mna n.ov IA\ugtwv, :il:Ou c:p€gouv w ov6['ata Twv QLX~ cpu\~ XC!L Ott GllVEJt<ll£ bEV c(vm'EnYJVE£ n\YJV Cpllat-
A\~avwv xm TWV IxtncT6.l_lwv. ea ~8c\a va TovCGw am6 xa TWV XlHOLXOUVTWV Gtrf VOHrf TYJ£ A\f)rJVLrf£, OL ono(OL
TO GYJ['ELO Gav Eva aVTLGT6.8['tG['a nl_)O£ TYJV naQatYJQOU- dvm'EnYJvec;. Km AYJOf!OVEL, 6n m LrfQ<XXrJTGrJVrJ(OL, m
['EVYJ cmagabEXTYJ xcnac:pol_la EVaVTLOV TWV ~tEAWV autOU ono(m EWPrJV(~ovTat cow xm XLAtctCcc; m (bcm cpclAEttxa,
TOU abc\c:pou \aou, nou \6yw TYJ£ bumux(a£ TWV xata- bt<XTYJl_)ClJVWC, G1''/XQOVW£ EA;\.YJVLXEC, GllV~8EtEC,, ~811 Xat
c:pciiyouv anEbLG['EVOL GTYJ XWQa ['a£". [Ot 8EAOVTE£ va Wt~tCL, rJV~XOllV (JTOV YJ1tELQCtlttX6-btVC!QLXO TllnO. LTYJV
:i1AYJQO(jJOQYJ80UV XL ana mmx£La yta TOll£ A\~aVOU£ xm ec:pYJ['eg(brJ Of'W£ "Axg6nof..tc;" (18 ImTqtBgCou 1986)
TYJ y\6JGGa TWV, .unogouv va bta~6.GOUV TO ~L~ALO TOU A. bYJ~L00LEU8YJXE TO EVOW(jJEQOV cig8go: "An6 TOUC,
Mn€\Aou "A\~avtx6. ~ at TQEL£ ~wGm bt6.\cxTot TYJ£ Lrfl_lrfX<XTGrJVrJCouc; i;ex(VYJGe 11 fYJgmci 'Hnccgo£!
en YJVLX~£ yACJJGGYJ£ "]. A(.lX<XLOTEQrf cpu\~ xm mc6 Tolle; B6.Gxouc; OTYJV Eugciln11".
A£ aGXOAYJ80ii[tE Of!W£ xm ~tc TYJV xaTaywy~ twv fl_)6.cpEt GXEttx6 YJ ecpYJ[!El_)LOrJ: "Ilug~v TCJJV n\YJ8UG[!WV TYJc;
A\Bavwv an6 av8gwno\oytx~c:; an6\jJEW£. To 6n ot Eul_lwnYJc;, nl_l<inm rJllr6xflovcc; EuQronrJLOL, xagot6. TWV
A\BavoC ouyycvciiouv f!E TOU£ 'EnYJVE£ cmBcBmwvEtm xmoCxwv Tl1£, c(vm m Ial_l<XXrJTGrJVrJLOL. An' rJuroiic; ci;c-
an' w ygac:p6[!cva rou K. A[.tavtou OTYJ oc\Coa 179 rou x(Vl10EV YJ nOQELrf, cm6 m [)6811 TWV ~lU8tXWV Xl_lOVWV Xat
~tB\Cou TOU "Ot B6gam fcCtoVE£ TYJ£ EA\Mo£" (cxb. 6xt rJn6 t~v AGCrJv. Me wuc; IrJgaxawavrJ(ouc:; ot
1923). fgac:pa: "0 Cvijitch, o yvmm6c; I€gi3o£ e8vo\6- EuguJJto.[r)l. ft:i10(.l0l'V xm rJnoonxvuouv TYJV rJm6xlJov,YJ
YO£ XC!L '/EWYQ6.c:po£, ygacpEL, 6n nonaxtc:; bEV btaxg(vo- JtOOEAEliOLV TOCIC,". I-! ECPYJflEQU)rJ rJVrfqJEQEL OTYJV (LVC!XOL-
Vtat m T6oxat rwv En~vwv, T6Gov no\ii O[!Ot6.~ouv". V~OYJ TOll AQYJ IIou\wvoii oro So Ll.tclJv€c;
AA/..6. xm o av8gwno\6yo£ I. Koii[.taQYJ£ t6vt~E, 6n: Av0gwrro\oytx6 xcn E8voygrJc:ptxc1Jv EmoTYJf'CDV
"Exe(VO TO O:i10LOV avexa8ev EXa[.tEV EVTUnWGLV Et£ TOU£ Iuv€OQLO, rrmJ ouv~HlE OTO T6xllo xm Kll6to rJn6 1YJC,
EQeUVYJT6.£, ELVat TO yeyoVO£ OTt EV8U[!L~OUV EL£ TC! X<XQC!- ru";xgt 12YJc; LEnTqtBQLOll 1968. LTO OUVEOQLO €\o.BrJv
XTYJQLOttX6. TOU ngoGwnou X<XT6. TO n\E(GTOV TOU£ ['El_)O<; 2.400 [tEAYJ, EX TUlV OJtOLUlV 2.000 rfJtO ei;~vTa
'EnYJv<X£, m T6GxYJbE£ xug(w£. Kat cCvm c:pllatx6v TOUTO, xwgcc; xm 400 Icirrwvcc;. H ElpYJf'EQLOrf OUVEXL~EL Yl_lcicpo-
ecp' 6oov xm ot biio, A\Bavo( xm'E"-AYJVE£, ngo£gxovtm vto.c;: "Av liJt~Qi;E xm rr6oov ftE'(cXAYJc; OYJ['<XOLrfC, 11 rJVrfXOL-
EX TOll Jt(!WTOEAAYJVLXOU (jJUAOU TWV IlEA<XGy(ov" (EyX. vwotc; TOU X. I101JALC!VOU, aJtOOELXVUEtat C!JtO TO ycyov6c;
"HALO£", TOf!O£ B', Get... 488). 0 8av6.GYJ£ Magyag(TYJ£ 6n ,;C!TOJtLV OXE1LX~C, JtQOTaOEWC, TOU GUf!BOllALOll Xat
ow ng6ac:paro Bt~ACo Tou "A\~avCa, EA"-YJvtx~ ['ETa 1VYJlpOlpOQLrfV :tou EJtYJXOA0li0YJOE, ci;EAE'/11 rJVTLJtQOE-
IIavagxma f11" llJtOOTYJQL~Et, 6n w 80% Tmv A\~avwv ogoc; TOll OUVEOQLOll". LWEXL~ovmc; 11 E(jJYJ['EQ(Oa yg<icpa:
cCvm c:pllAETtxa cnYJvtx~£ xamywy~£. 0 Ll.. Ll.YJft6nouf..o£ "Ot Iago.xaTorJva(ot - XrJTEAYJi;Ev o x. Ilou\wv6c; -,
-DX3 OZ Ml0X091crt DJOV 90X1W ~Xli\0113/c lao OA9W .. 0 "9X1Hll0131CH i\01 mx 9XD13A003W i\01 :AOJ1l<)JOQAD
:mirl3JOOTILlc:,> 01 0101}01rlD 1Xl138J1D0Xlll 5no1!1}1 Sr;tox1ontJ Ol}q 11i I}OD"{ S9A1 S~xlADX"{DH SLl1 Llox9
'OldV3.N.A3: O)II<llVdJOWHV OINHVV3.NVll Ol3: ltX1"{01lJi\Xl01COlOQAV ALl1o Llil9X A91C10'( 1D13, :o13':jJA013
VI3.XIOl3: V3.N .. ono9x i\010 53ALl'C{3., 10 ·1nx1 OOI I}Oi\'01"(1\0ll '\{ 001 Ll~I131A)i\i\O mri 10 llOl£9 '(8L6! '11!33;:
m AI}OA031.C33 .. o"(1J1 1n SLlx9on10nAV Solcoc;JlJ o 13cb9ilk Zl - ·~cnv OE) ,nxJDAilJ,, 9X1qo1iJJ1C 9X)_mllov mo JAlkJ
-mm oJol!o 01 86/I I!OZ 5~Mlqnil~J SLl1 nnrl3Joonllv (I 5owri)tl 001 LlD11IlJl11TI1li\Jl sCX101llcb3;: · 50\/9"("(3_ 5Ll1 SooyiJ
i i i i\(r)i\~ "("(3. i\(1)1 50Q3k~1i 9X S11 1019 1JDJ<;An,lm:ooll DA mx 9X113"(11dJ J3()0J10"{"(D AnoX;;
-Xl1TIOrlQLl"(1l 01 m/c DJ3X1010 Xl1013091QD mi9xn Ol}c:,> 3Tirl01 53Alc '("{3, 10 nX91 119 'ltrh01LJ) ALl1 13~Ji1Ll1001lll DA )3Qll110
-)QDOD1l 011DXDOD1l 3l"DX~Q0131l i\3Q J)1rlD D"(9 .(l91l i\ V -Oi'Jll 101] 1DX JJAOHX911lll 01!1}1 9X10DA1\/ i\01 50J1i9 pi'Jcrno
· .. AI}XD1 ALl11DX ADJAOTI1DQrl3 ALl1 13~901llirlO i\3\) · .. SilOD~i\ 5110JAO! 511 1lJX ODLlM9E0'(3ll ALl1 'Oi'J131lH,
~i\10X Ll1 i\3 AJ30rl3 1DX .\130~1Ll~ LlDrlO"(JQ ,\OO)cblirlO i\9i\10X ALllO AI}OX101llX JOXli'JDi\1\/ 531\~i'Jil[l,, :119 '13~JiJLl1D
01 mx A~kmlcmnx i\~ti\lOX ALll 531.AS\OOi\XllDX Sowrii}JXO -Ol!it SOJ01lo o 'r)nSSB18_ ·s_ o Sm1I9 '10i\)nmoo lmAoX;;q
-LliJQ rl01 5011~10'0~31\Xl 1011.)0 JOD"( 10 319 '- 50"(rl01l 9 1iC1lG m 9111V · .. 5rt"{Ll:t:], 501£1}1 59X11Cll0131lH o 1mpiJono Di\
·r o z I 61 o1 Jcbnolc;; - ilmi~ ;;w:t: 19 m13DI}1"(3. .. 5009'X 1DAJ3 · .. SnoJuAlV Srwl 311 At;ncrJOBJ.:H Aou S~dml!:J
'59rikniln1lO 501"(r;tcbri3 1Di\)3 J)X110Xl10rlo i\009 ,cb3 '50"(3Cb 5lc1 lJCJOAI}O m Sc;Jdmo AJrillli\)ilxm\1 Di\ i\0031I~o 131l)ih11I3
-<)lAD 1Xli\ J3 51101 I}~Xl13TI 50TI3"(91l 0 119 'i\llOO~Oi\XllDX Di\ Smi lcolc J01IOIJOdJYJ1\/ ~X1JJY>iJ/ccoJ/c Ll l)"{"{V . ADDLl()lJlAlt i\D)~
SI}OD"( 511oilodJ91<i S1101 13A9X Di\ "91DA11Q 1Xli\ J3 A<;JD"( Ml11 -1liJ1l3 ,\[U 1DX i\Uli\(fJ1D i\([)1 i\0(/00J)l£ Alll :Jri 01}(/ 10 JOlll V
5~/cmkmnx S~A 1ox SLl1 Llo<)l,\k H · wonl!J) ,1!3 mniJIJ..OX ·S9X1Hn013l£H o mx S91Wmi.1V o :101.:1).1 5Ji\OfJX911lrJ 01).(/
Di\ "91DAI1c:,> 1DAJ3 ,\3Q '5J10D10il0~3 Snm ,liD 1'013\JI}ilX 1Xlli\Oi\)ClXll1\/ D1Al)X"{ll8 lll 1XJ)( ll(/1)"{"{3 ALl1 513" :119 'SLlo
DO<;J1 ll01l 'Xl13(-)~ "(D H .i\(!)1 I}~Dl3TI S)J,\3Hil0 1)))( JOTIO -)1!3 3llClli\)OX3All 59Ml1"(rlOU 'V 0 9111D mil(/)AilO 013;:
-110Ll"(1l SJAoeX9111n Sn.m 9"(DAI}O o10 mAJ3 SnJov ·w SLl1 '53i\OQX9HlD 1DAJ3
1XJ)( i\OO~i\ODOJX (, S~Xli\DX"(Xl~L) S~X1i\Ll"("(3 SLl1 10X1019X Sol!~u 59xnnlcomw mx 59X1WHJ131lH o 119 'nAJlniLlo
10 119 'LlQXJ3Q31LD Di\1130) ~111D ~X1i\OTILl1011l3 ALl1 ,lCV 011)01., ',Am)lli\lJllll))(JJilll:S: i\Oll llOlll}l 1).0X11CI)013:t:H
'53ALl"("(3,51101 1\01 i\1lllAlJr!n13 ALll :Jri SnoA9c'JX Sn019J S.to1 '5r10A90X
3n AI101}3A3H11o ADX oi,9"(0Ang"(V i\01 1n mx DA01dJ1il}o 5,_wx1Hnrl Sn SrJJ<1mm SLl1 i\DOJll m1AO,\l)X ltAXJ n1 AoJ
10)01!0 10 'JOAD\:J"(V 10 1DX MOX~i\D O:UI}1 3Q 9X11Cil0131lll -)01!0 i\Cr)1 'ilOJDtllV il01 i\CllO~lA ACDl 10Xl01l;JX 10 mx lllt\)3
i\013;: ·S3AOQX9111D 101!1}1 Ol}<i 10 mx Sm1i9 mA J3 · .. o1A9I A~tilnll SoJlJX(ln r\ODJ ~p 119 'SlcoJ:t:3 A31.:J3 ,5oJJ"{91LOllxv,
01 mx OJDk1V 01 ,:t:D OlOr}k 'Xl1"(90Xl1l XllO 50lJ011X 1Xli\ J3 SLl1 AlllXl)l,\1\D 311 .101 Snnniot\lw 5Lu AXmxill)19 1\Lll 7)1YJ)!
S0"{"(9 0 ·ooLlM9:t:0"(3ll ALl1 So1 )3ilroXoil1l mx 110QAJll ·mmiO)CJClli\A l)X1JlllCfJOI\:l 31i ltl.:<)ltJitg ALllD i\ilJll<;JOQi\D
SLl1 91iilox A01 SmJiln.x 13A901iD"(DlDX 59X1lOJ0131CH 5l)'rio llOJ101DXiln Lt 1DAJ3 'A~Orll.: 59X110l013l!H o S91<11J
Ill llOl Ol VdO<l>VNVUt! ID!IVO ,a, VVI/WO 3:\IHVO!J S:Hd,LHWHV
Oil
212 L'>HMHTPH2: fi0ABA2: OMAL'>A "E" OAIKH EIIANM>OPA TO 2011 213

TO~lflVQLU EAI. TJVOYEVEL~, EVOJ rrayxoo~Cw~ smegvoi!v Ta ~a[vETE ytm( oL !talco( dvm EAAHNE:L!!!
100 EXaTOf!flVQW ... ", arroxalcmjJE ~tcta(;u UAAWV 0 xa8Y)- IlEYKETIA: OL x6.TOLXOL TYJ£, IlEvx£nm, xmayoTav
YYJT~~ Tou IlavTnou IlavE;uoT11f!Cou :LTai!go~ arro TYJV AgxaoCa ~ xm' anou; arro TYJv'Hnago.
E>wcpav[c)YJ~, 010 IlaveAicaOtxo L\.Y]flOYQU(jJLXO :Luv£OQLO. IAITYfiA (ME:L:LAITIA, :LAAENTINH, KAAA Y-
Ev6Lacp£gouoe~ ~Tav olce~ OL ELOYJY~Oa~, rrou rragou- PIA): Ano TOY Ianuyo, yto wu AuxaovTo<; (~ wu
OLUOTY)xav xes~ xaT6 n1v £vaQsYJ wu :Luvsc)gCou rrou L\.a(Oalcou ).
OtogyavwvEL YJ EHYJVLX~ ETmgCa L\.YJf!OYQU(jJLXwv KYPNO:L (KOP:LIKH): Ano TOY Ki!gvo, yto TOll
MEAETCOV' f!E etfw "IllcYj8liOfl0~ xm AvarrTUsYJ OTY]V Hgaxlc~. <t>wxae(; (c)gvoav TT]V JtOAYJ Aicaic(a ~ Iolca·ca.
EHaoa". Ot egyaoCs~ Tou o1JVe6gCou olcox).YJQwvovTm Ta OLXOOOfl'fif<CLTa xaL 8Y)oaugo(, avalcoya TWV
O~flEQU, OTO Ufl(jJl8EUTQO TOU EfLITOQLXOV X<H Mvx11 va·cxwv xm EHYJVLxoi! gvevoi!, aneoCoovTm awv
BLOflYJXavtxoi! Emf!EAYJTYJQ[Ou A8Y)voJv (EBEA). L\.a(c)alcov.
2) Eow 8a rrQ£rra va avacpsg8eC tva arrlco yeyovo~ To MEf AAH EAAA:L: H KaTw halc(a, YJ AITOYAIA,
orroCo avmp£gnm UTYJV Ilcta1la orrou YJ v~oo~ Kg~TYJ rrgo- IAITYfiA, ITEYKETIA (~£go<; TYJ<; Anovic(a<;),
ocpwvECTm w~ 90rrolcY]. E(vm yvwoTo on o Tgw·cxo~ AEYKANIA, BPETTIA, fLovo fLEQLXE<; ano n<; arrmx(E;
J10AE[!O<; £1caf)E xwga TO 2300 rr.X. 90 J10AEl~ X I 0.000 xm TT]<; qxaTaoTaoEL; twv En ~vwv ano navagxmwv
xawxm OY)~taCva on TO 2300 rr.X. YJ KgfJTYJ agt8ftai!OE
XQOVWV. '
900.000 xawCxov~!!! Arro TOTE n£gaoav 50 yEVE£; ;wgC- <l>avTa08ELtE on 8a y(va (acpoi! Yj aTOQO'/EVVETLXY] TO
rrov fiE Ol!VTT]QLTLXOU~ urrolcoyLO[!OV~ Ol K(lf]TE~ O~flE(la Em~Ef\mwva). TotE nou w EHYJvLxo D.N.A. 8a "1;unv~­
dvm EXaTOflfli!Qta!!! H KQ~TYJ EV ETYJ 2000 agt8f(EC rregC- OEL" )coyw tWV JtAaVY)tWV Xal tWV flEtatoJtlOEWV taU<;
rrov 500.000 auTo cmoc)uxvi!£L on YJ arroLxCe~ OTYJ oTav Ta I 00 xm nlc£ov sxaTOflfli!gta twv EAA11voyevwv 8a
MwoyELo "anogocpY)oav" Ta EXaTOflflll(lLa Twv KQYJTWV OL aVTLAT](jJ80i'JV now( ELVaL totE JtOU OL (OlOl 8a sYJT~OOl!V
orroCoL o~fLEQU e(vm f(tlclcoL, IorravoC, halcoC, tY]V HfLWQLU tWV EsOUOLaOniJv Xal tWV av8EAA~V(J)V. TotE
IlalcmoT(vLOL, Tougxm yEvsnxcG~ ovw; EAAHNE:L fiE nou 8a £gxovTm xaL Ol "E" va ~OYJ8~oouv TOY
TYJV svsgyorro[Y)OYJ TOll D.N.A. E>A AAAA30YN ANE>PQITO!
OAA!!! :LKE<l>TEITE TO!!! 'Olea ama ECvm flOVO )c(ya (J.JtO ooa 8a JtQUYfLaTOJtOlY]-
'EA!.YJVE~ f!ovo otov XUQTYJ TYJ£ halcCa; Tov 6ou rr.X. 8oi'JV un6. w 2011 xm we(<; m tuxsgoC'EAI.YJVE<; ooot
orrou m EAAY)vtx£~ rrolca; sCvm To lctyoTEQO 50!!! KatlE ECo8E EA-AHNEL ea bELt£ flE ta COLa oa~ ta vana!!!
EAAYJVLX~ rrOAYJ agt8voi!os 10.000 TO lctyoTEQo'EAf.Y)vE~ To s~TY)fla ELVaL va UQXLOETE alto TWQa va fllAatE yLa
rrou OY)f!a(va OTL To lctyoTEQO sCxav rrlcY)8vovo 500.000 a uta nou 8a £g8ouv xm va avnota8EC tE o' am nou 8aa
'EAJ.~vwv. Av avalcoyto8E(TE TO voi!fLEQO ei!xolca xmalca- EJ1lXElQ~OOUV va EJ1l~UA01JV (EOTW Xal JtQOOXaLQU) OL
214 _ _ __ fi.HMHTPHI riOABAI OMAfi.A "E" OAIKH E11ANA<l>OPA TO 2011 215

crxoral>wr£~· avartwa aa~ ~QCaxovrm xanmoL nou ~M­

nouv 6\a 6aa y(vovtm avnliQoiiv JtaQqt~aCvouv xaL
OQOrto\oyoiiv 111v 8ETLx~ rt;t\L1;11. M11v wuc; acp~vrTE owo~
rt~vou~ ANTIL'.P ALTE KAI ELEIL avamiii;TE xm JtQO- BIBAIA- AP0PA- llEPIOMKA
~a\ETE To En11VLx6 nvEiirta Ba\ TE tva \LGaQaxL uJ~ To
2011 JtOU Ol OfKOAI00I TWV EA-AHNQN ea IlEQLDiiLxa, L'.m1\6~, 0 L'.ogucp6Qoc;: M£yac; Ka~wtCac;,
"n£crouv navw" crtmJ~ d;oumaar£~ xm TOTE nou to DNA Exo6aELc; "L'.APEMA" - "TQho Man", "AvEt;~­
Ga "acpUJtVLG8E(", Ga "i;liJtV~GEl" an6 TOY \~GaQyo Ga Y11TD", "AEPOITOL", "L'.IITETEL", "<PaxE\\oc;-
GUVTQl~El TOU~ GXOTaOtGt~~ TQEJtOVTU~ TOU~ GE X", "Sky Lab", "UFO MAGAZINE", "ENCOU-
ATAKTO <I>YrH. EAAHNEI: rPHrOPEITE NTERS", "N £Ec; L'.tamaaa~".
EI:ETAI HMAP!!! fouEGTXOT rout\ta~l, "Ewaywy~ GT11Y KABALAH,
Exli6GEtc; "IliiQtVo~ K6a~wc;".
BLA VATSKY H.P., "To MuGT~QLD twv Kiix\wv", exli6-
GEt~ "Ia~l~Al xoc;".
"Enoc; rou fxL\ yxart£c;", £xli6aac; "KamavLUJT11c;".
WILSON IAN., "IHLOYL OI MAPTYPIEL", Exli6aac;
"KovLbag11".
'EQtX ¢6v NtaCvtyxEv, "Ta rtrina T11~ l:cpCyya~", EXOOGEtc;
"NOT02:".
0eocpav11c; Mavta~, "Ta ayvwGTa f!Eya\OUQY~f!aTa TWV
AQxaCwv En ~vwv, exo6crEtc; "IT iiQLVO~ K6crrtoc;".
Ano\\6/iwQoc;, "MuGo\oyCa", Ex1i6crEtc; "fEwQytaOilc;".
A Lxa TEQt vC1i11c; LWXQa 111~, "Et;wy~t va 6vta GT11V
E\Miia", TOft. A' xm B', ExMaac; "L'.tf!E\~".
E\Ev11 ZwyQacpCoou L'.aywu, "OL AQyovaiitEc; emGTQE-
cpouv".
BQaOuv~.
A811va·(x~.
Ao. Tunoc;.
216 t-.HMHTPH2: f!Oi\BA2: OMAt-.A "E" 01\IKH EITANA<1>0PA TO 2011 217

AVE0111~ KE(?CXf!UOU~. R. Bia sutti he Razze ei Popoli dell Terra.

Iwawr1~ <PouQCix11~. Err. IIav1c/cc[!C611~, "EA!cavw'H[tag".
f. fL6/c~a~. Ogcptw~, "Y~tvoL", "Fragmenta", cx660£L~ "Ioco-
TQCw Man. vECX'
o" tQOV " .
Mystic View. Ogcp€w~, "Agyovaunxa-ALElLxa", cx66on~ "Iow-
Strange. vECX'tQOV " .
o"
Euayyc/co<; .Lagle~~. "H cA!c11vLx~ y/cwooa". C.F. Dupuis, "Eg~t11V£[a 1ou f!UElou tou H/cCou rrou
Federiko Sagredo, "The Greeks". ACJ.1Q£UEl11X£ ~~£ w 6vof!a tou Xgwto{J", cx66ocL~
XLvn£yw AgaxL, "Ei;rrgt~ Nea EA~c11vLxa". "I6co8ECX1QOV".
Aci;Lxa .L1acpu/cC611~ <Pmgax11~· T6[!a~ AVTQLOU. "llcv cC~taOTE ~t6vm ow OU[!rrav" "!lEv
N. MagyLWQ11, "Arroouf!~OALOf!O~ 111~ EAA11VLx~~ [!uElo/co- , " "
EL~!CXOT£ OL Jt('WTOL .
yCa('.
M1tEQAL1S Toag/c~, "MuoT~QLCX arr6 sEXCXO[!EVOU~
A v6g€a MaxgC61], "H rr/caonx61111a xm o 6uva~U0[!6~
x6o[!ou~", cxMoa~ "QQ6ga", 1999: H 2:uv1€/caa",
111~ EA/c11vLx~~ y/ccilooa~".
cx66ocL~ "Qg6ga", "H ALyurrnax~ ~C~f.o~ twv
I. <POUQUX11~, "EA!c~vwv Auwyvwo[a".
NExgwv" (cx660EL~ "IIugLvo~ K6o[!o~"), EQ[!OU tou
A.yyc/co~ 2:axx€to~, "Bw118Lx~ XWQL~ Xgw16".
TQWf!£YLOtou (f!nacpgao11 Eli. K. Mrroucpa/c11).
Kwv/vo~ rcwgyax6rrou/co~, "A(_)XCXLOL 'EA!c11VE~ Elcnxo[
E:UO't~ ~lOVE~".
Mrrgavtov IIw/c, "H f!Uonx~ ACyurr1o~", Ex66ow:;
"KCtx.Tor;".
AcwvC6a~ Xagaxa/crrax11~, "EA!c11vc~".
H~1£Q 011orr€voxu, "Ava1;,111rilvta~ wv x6o[!o T01l8au[ta-
E. ToLQLyyav11, "To cpo~£Q6JtECQaf!a 1wv Ef!~o/cCwv".
BLx'twQCa N1ayxouvax11, "Ta f!E'ta/cayf!Eva 1QOCIJLf!a". cnou", 2:ocpCa Av11;,axa.
Kwma~ ilLaf!av't~~. "To DNA". HQ£UQ11 NLx6/cao~, "0 Ogcp§a~ xm m OgcpLxoC'', Ex660EL~
K. TQLCXV1CXqJUAL011~. "H Y£VV£1LX~ OU01CX011 TWV "B1J~6.v-t:Lov".
EA/c~vwv". Ai;LWT11~ 0c66wgo~, "A1/cav1Cila", "H arroxg11moygCicp11-
MCigLo~ Ll11[!6rrou/co~. "H EAA11VLX~ xa1aywy~ 1wv o11 1011 /l[oxou 111~ <Pmowu", "N€o cpw~ ota [!£ya-
Tougxwv". I
AU1EQa ~wo1~gw 1011 x6of!ou" "Agyw" cx66on~
I. Koi'l[!CXQ11~, "AvElQwrro/coy[a xm Bah<ivLa". "L[!1lQVLWTCxX11".
A. liOUALCXVO~. fiLToou/c11 Tt;,ou/c11. "EH11vE~, OL ElcoC 111~ ALyum_ou",
DJOOlDl, - )1i1."9£l01J, 513D9(,>X3 '"i\C)"HiltlD11.C3 D13(,> i\01 5~8lti\OD i\lt W, 'DJODVI[ llO'('}Ol.COi\(1)11\ V-llOM"9<lJ!
-JDl.CO'(Xllx/.3 Soi\ooXI.'}~, '"lt"'"9£lo1J, '5313QJD1.CO'(Xllxl.3
'"NOIV',
·"lt(,>J0(1)(,>038, 513D9(,>X3 '"'}0'((1)11V ll01 513D9QX3 '"Smml.?rimoJ, o s~rio3, '5~'(311\DU Sltc,>JMD(l)I
"9TIDO)[ 53J31ltcboou S3i\}TI(l)Olt'(l.CX3, 'll01JOJ, 'J '("9X1W
·,a, 5DX1(,l(,.'JX S"9ADOD~ 'V
·"S9i\D(,l10H,
·Sol.C'}J, 50038'}3'(3
513D9QX3 '"nriltlD"91Q ow "900J£~, '"'9cb X103,i\3X1ii.JD1N
'"D'(l£9 "9X1lDmi DJ,, 'SO'(ll01£9'(DXDDV' 'J
·"~OJ,ON,
'D(,>Jil3rilt013 ltX)i\O'(DDD3G
513D9(,>X3 '"DOlD"9 ,1 91ID i\D8'(~ )038 10, 'DD0"90)[ 03l?JJ
'59'(llDV'
·"vwa3J3J,~, S13o9gx1 \,ll01"9"'D8 ll01 sn"'o~v: 0 , (z
·",a, sng"9rio SLt1 mo~wllri 01,, SLtx111(loMD1J s~ 1 x1o1u
·"Sltl.CriJ:UW, 513D9(,>X3 '"Sltr!ill'("9X01.CV Slt1
·So'(\.J1£l"9013J,
Sltl91.Cl.C1 So~ o '"~OW~INLll~, (I ')[VW~3A. ':J'Q 'JQ
'"HLJZ, 513D9(,>X3 '"ltX~8D1V' ~i\1D)[ H,
'"Dril. 9 v 9 x1riDO)[, '::lUOlJOd 'Q
'"SJ::l~ ll!J, WOJ)SJM0'1 jJB:J
· "~X11ll38ltrioou, 513D9QX3 '" So'(~JJ~J H,
')tXJ1D01~,
·onriH_i\011\"9'('(3

513D9(,>X3 '9X1~3'( 9X1A0'(08i1VI[ '53(1)0~ 1DX )038 'IJJBW ::lJ::lS!O

0

"i\(l)i\~'('(3 i\(1)1 ltX~801'(£11 H - ·"~,\(1)/.y, '9DDllOJ xnz i\DZ

Slt(,l"91A0(1)3J, 513D9(,>X3 'SO'((t01£903dlD~J, SO'(OlD91CV ·":J!JsA:w, 'lloUJlC~ Lt8"'"9mtox

LtonodJ"9Bri 'S(l)~i\mJ, llO)i\(l)'('(o:uv SoJH 'll01"90lD0'(1<1J 'DJ10JLOJ.C3
0

"SDJlD3 Slt1 i\O)J'((lJJ£01'(£11 H, 'DO?l.C 91Il

513D9(,>X3 '"i\(l)i\~'('(3 i\(1)1 DJA0'(08llW H, ').lli\}03)[ ')[ '01ltA~§3i\ V
·""9XDW S~Xo:u3 '"0::H1JO A:JO)SIH, 'u:mgd :>J:lBf
SD?N ltX~801'(£l1H, 51309(,>X3 1XJTI'(DH (l01 'Di\"91ADTIDJ ·"g:Jg::JJQ, 'BWS::JS opBUl::ld
·"SO'(llDJV', 513D9(,>X3 '"Sll01108'}TI ·"sgfbuutrs OdO ::llJJ,, '\1}'(X31!W 'J,
10 mx DOlD"9 ,],, 'Slt~?i\DV' SOi\"9VI[ - llOJD0(,>038 501"901~ '":Jtlj:JA:sd puB OdO, '[::l::l)[ UljOf
"HJ,V)[3, 513D9(,>X3
0

'"()lkoy, 'ltX"9i\DOD)[ Dk'(n

'"5D(,l)1i\D'(1 v Slt1 "91(,> i\(l)TI09X z
i\(1)1 D)i\(l)i\10XA(l0 ·"53DD()l'(l. 10, 1XDTI9DJ, riD9N
'}OTIDll'(1WlDX (l01 001£ H, 'SO'(X001"9Il SltX"9i\DlCTID)[ 'lt0"9(,>1i\O)[
·"999 = s :=; x o1 1ri 5~9ml.nocbo i\ltri '91mox S13o9gx3 '"Moc,>pino,,l.C i\(1)1 S3Jnltcbool.C 10, 'xvw HJ,OJ,
6IZ llOZ OL VdO<!>VNVll3 H)!IVO ,a,. VVVWO :l:VHVOIJ :l:HdlHWHV 8IZ
 OMAL'-A "E" OAIKH EITANA<!>"-'O"-'Pc.:.A.o_T.o_0~2,-_0l,_,l_ _ _ _ _ _____:o22::.=-l
220 L'.HMHTPH2: f!O/\BA2:
enoaugo[ Tl]c; ArroxaAU\jJEWc;".
wu EAA1'JVLxoiJ'E8vouc;", Exoonxii A8nvrilv. Aouxwv6c;, "Mta a\!]8Lvii IcnoQCa" (0QyavLO[t6c;
Massey Gerald, "The Egyptian Book of the Dead and Exo6oecoc; L'l.toaxnxwv BtB\Cwv).
the Mysteries of Amanta", London 1907.
cf>ouQ<ixnc; Iwavvnc;, "MeC1;tc; - Avaxux\wotc;,
The Natural Genesis, Vols l and 2 London 1883. MY -80-AO-riAL: + IL:TOPIAL:", exo6oELc;
Ancent Egypt Vols I and 2, London 1907. "TO.\ we;".
Ko\6sL'"W IIiiTEQ, "Nauayta arr6 ,. aatga", exo6onc;
"KaoTctVLOJT!]c;".
Vera Stanley Adler, "To aVOLy[tct TOU TQ[ TOU Manou"
exo6onc; "N£a Erroxii". '
Zwgs H. fxaU£ xm Z&.x Mmgst£, "To fhB\Co nov
agxaCwv amgovamwv", exo6onc; "K6ortoc; Ka\wv
BtB\Cwv".
II\om&.gxou H8txa, "IlegCiotooc; xm OoCgtooc;", exo6-
oetc; "Ilarrugoc;".
TE[tltA P6[tltEQT, "0 AyvwoToc; L:eCgwc;", ex66oetc;
Parr, 11 c;.
IIaooa Iwavvn, "Ta Ogcptxa", exb6oELc; Eyxux\onmoeCac;
TOU "HAIOY".
IIng6nou\oc; ftwgyoc;, "H rrQOOftllQLXii rtac; noCno11",
ex06oetc; "N£a 8£otc;".
Churchward Janes, "Ae~wugCa, 11 Xct[tEV!]'HrrELQOc; eewv
xm Av8gwnwv", ex06oetc; "I6.rtB\txoc;".
Ilo\uywvvaxn'Ecpn, "0 L'l.Coxoc; Tl]c; cf>aLOTou ftLAaEL
E\\nvtxa", ex06onc; "fewgytaonc;".
HoCoooc;, "8royov[a", "Egya xm Hrt£gm", ex06onc;
"K6.x1:oc;".
IIMTwv, "TC[tctwc; xm KQLTlac;", ex06onc; "K6.xToc;".
Av8t[toc; xm fewgywc; IIgoeoT6c;, "OL XQUftftEVOL
 Η
ΗΣΣΑ
ΑΡΡΩ
ΩΣΣΗΗ& &Η ΗΠ ΠΡΡΩΩΤ ΤΗ
ΗΕΕΠ
ΠΕΕΞ
ΞΕΕΡ
ΡΓΓΑ
ΑΣΣΙΙΑ
ΑΤΤΟ
ΟΥΥ
Β
ΒΙΙΒ
ΒΛΛΙΙΟ
ΟΥΥ,, Ε
ΕΓΓΙΙΝ
ΝΕΕΑ
ΑΠΠO
OTTOONN…
…

“KRASODAD”

ΑΑΠΠΩΩΤΤΕΕΡΡΟΟΣΣΣΣΚΚΟΟΠΠΟΟΣΣΤΤΗΗΣΣΠ ΠΡΡΟ
ΟΣ ΣΦΦΟ ΟΡ
ΡΑΑΣΣΑΑΥ ΥΤ
ΤΗΗΣ
Σ
Ε
ΕΙΙΝΝΑ
ΑΙΙ Ν
ΝΑΑΕΕΙΙΝ
ΝΑΑΙΙ Ν
ΝΑΑΓΓΙΙΝ
ΝΟΟΥ
ΥΝΝΕΕΚ ΚΟΟΙΙΝ
ΝΩΩΝΝΟΟΙΙ Τ
ΤΩΩΝ
Ν
Π
ΠΕΕΡΡΙΙΕ
ΕΧΧΟΟΜΜΕΕΝ
ΝΩΩΝΝΤ ΤΟΟΥΥΒΒΙΙΒ
ΒΛΛΙΙΟ
ΟΥΥ,, Ο
ΟΣΣΟΟΙΙ ∆
∆ΕΕΝ
ΝΕ ΕΧ
ΧΟΟΥ
ΥΝΝ
ΤΤΗ
ΗΝΝΟ ΟΙΙΚ
ΚΟΟΝΝΟ
ΟΜ ΜΙΙΚ
ΚΗΗ∆ ∆ΥΥΝ
ΝΑΑΤΤΟΟΤΤΗΗΤ ΤΑ
ΑΝ ΝΑΑΤ ΤΟΟ
ΑΑΠΠΟΟΚΚΤ
ΤΗ ΗΣΣΟ
ΟΥΥΝΝΕΕ..

Ε
ΕΥΥΕ
ΕΛΛΠΠΙΙΣ
ΣΤΤΩΩ&&Π ΠΑ
ΑΡΡΟΟΤΤΡΡΥΥΝΝΩ
ΩΣ ΣΕΕΟ ΟΣΣΟΟΥΥΣ ΣΑ ΑΡΡΕΕΣΣΕΕΙΙ
Τ
ΤΟΟΒΒΙΙΒ
ΒΛ Ο ((&
ΛΙΙΟ &ΟΟΠΠΟ ΟΤ
ΤΕΕΜ ΜΠΠΟ ΟΡ
ΡΟΟΥΥΝΝΕΕ)),, Ν
ΝΑΑΤ ΤΟ Ο
Α
ΑΓΓΟΟΡ
ΡΑΑΣ
ΣΟΟΥΥΝΝΕΕ&&Ν ΝΑ
ΑΕ ΕΝΝΙΙΣ
ΣΧΧΥΥΣΣΟ
ΟΥ ΥΝΝΕΕΕ ΕΤΤΣ ΣΙΙ Τ
ΤΟΟΝΝ--T
THHN N
Σ
ΣΥΥΓ
ΓΓΓΡ
ΡΑΑΦΦΕΕΑΑ&&Τ ΤΗ
ΗΝΝΕ ΕΤΤΑΑΙΙΡ
ΡΕΕΙΙΑΑΕΕΚΚ∆∆ΟΟΣΣΕ ΕΩΩΝΝΠ ΠΟ
ΟΥΥ
Α
ΑΝΝΕΕΛΛΑΑΒΒΕ
ΕΤ ΤΗΗ∆∆ΙΙΑ
ΑΝΝΟΟΜΜΗ Η--K
KYYKKΛΛΟΟΦΦΟ ΟΡ Α..
ΡΙΙΑ