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Role of SCADA in Oil and Gas Transportation

SCADA systems are used to monitor and control geographically dispersed assets, like pipelines, through networked infrastructure. They acquire data from sensors, send control commands through remote terminal units to field sites, and present information to operators via human-machine interfaces. While SCADA provides centralized supervision of remote operations, it relies on other controllers to perform real-time control logic at each local site. Key attributes include supervising proprietary devices from a single system over long distances.

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Abid Hussain
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159 views13 pages

Role of SCADA in Oil and Gas Transportation

SCADA systems are used to monitor and control geographically dispersed assets, like pipelines, through networked infrastructure. They acquire data from sensors, send control commands through remote terminal units to field sites, and present information to operators via human-machine interfaces. While SCADA provides centralized supervision of remote operations, it relies on other controllers to perform real-time control logic at each local site. Key attributes include supervising proprietary devices from a single system over long distances.

Uploaded by

Abid Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCADA System:

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a control system architecture that uses
computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-
level process supervisory management, but uses other peripheral devices such as programmable
logic controller (PLC) and discrete PID controllers to interface with the process plant or machinery.
The use of SCADA has been also considered for management and operations of project-driven-
process in construction.

The operator interfaces that enable monitoring and the issuing of process commands, such as
controller set point changes, are handled through the SCADA computer system. However, the real-
time control logic or controller calculations are performed by networked modules that connect to the
field sensors and actuators.
The SCADA concept was developed as a universal means of remote access to a variety of local
control modules, which could be from different manufacturers allowing access through standard
automation protocols. In practice, large SCADA systems have grown to become very similar
to distributed control systems in function, but using multiple means of interfacing with the plant. They
can control large-scale processes that can include multiple sites, and work over large distances as
well as small distance.[2] It is one of the most commonly-used types of industrial control systems,
however there are concerns about SCADA systems being vulnerable to cyberwarfare/cyberterrorism
attacks
The key attribute of a SCADA system is its ability to perform a supervisory operation over a variety of other
proprietary devices.
The accompanying diagram is a general model which shows functional manufacturing levels using
The full form of SCADA is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
As the name suggests it is not the fully control system. It focuses on
supervisory level.
Following are the functions of SCADA system in general.
• It is computer system which collects and analyzes real time data with the help of sensors.
• The system is used for monitoring and control operations of a plant or equipments.

The SCADA system is composed of three main systems viz. MTU (Master Terminal Unit), RTU (Remote
Terminal Units) & Human Machine Interface (HMI). Sensors are installed at various locations spread across
the earth for various functions.
SCADA equipment basic categories
Sensors - There are analog and digital type of sensors. With digital type discrete level of monitoring is taken
care. With analog type precise measurement of value is performed. There are sensors for
temperature,humidity,current,motion, water applications. For data acquision sensors are attached with RTUs
to take measurements.
SCADA Remote Telemetry Units(RTUs)- These units are interfaced with sensors as well as with SCADA
master using communication network. They provide deliver various parameters to central station(SCADA
master) to be managed by them.
SCADA Master - Composed of programmable controls, multiprotocol support and provides human interface. It
takes inputs from sensors via RTUs and regulate various applications. Provides various display formats in
graphs, tabular and other forms. It will have various LEDs/Alarms for various functions. It also provides
email/paging based on certain conditions.
Communication medium/network - These are various interfaces to connect SCADA master with SCADA
RTUs.
Functions of SCADA
A SCADA system performs four functions: 1. Data acquisition 2. Networked data communication 3. Data presentation
4. Control These functions are performed by four kinds of SCADA components: 1. Sensors (either digital or analog) and
control relays that directly interface with the managed system. 2. Remote telemetry units (RTUs). These are small
computerized units deployed in the field at specific sites and locations. RTUs serve as local collection points for
gathering reports from sensors and delivering commands to control relays. 3. SCADA master units. These are larger
computer consoles that serve as the central processor for the SCADA system. Master units provide a human interface
to the system and automatically regulate the managed system in response to sensor inputs. 4. The communications
network that connects the SCADA master unit to the RTUs in the field.
SCADA in Power Systems:
SCADA is widely used in power systems. The applications for SCADA keep increasing day after day. Some of the
applications are Comprehensive operational planning and control Fuel resource scheduling Optimum power flow
Network security Economic dispatch Generation dispatch control
Benefits or advantages of SCADA
Following are the benefits or advantages of SCADA:
➨The system provide facility to store large amount of data.
➨The data can be displayed in various formats as per user requirements.
➨It provides interface to connect thousands of sensors across wide region for various monitoring and controlling
operations.
➨It is possible to obtain real data simulations with the help of operators.
➨Many types of data can be gathered from RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) connected with the master unit.
➨With the advanced protocols and application softwares, the data can be monitored from anywhere and not just
from local site.
➨The redundancy of units are incorporated in the SCADA system in order to have backup in the event of faults
or failures. This makes system more robust.
➨It is fast in obtaining response.
➨It is scalable and flexible in adding additional resources.
➨It is used in wide industries and departments including telecommunications, energy, transportation, oil & gas,
water, military, meteorological etc.
Drawbacks or disadvantages of SCADA
Following are the disadvantages of SCADA:
➨PLC based SCADA system is complex in terms of hardware units and dependent
modules.
➨As the system is complex, it requires skilled operators, analysts and programmers
to maintain SCADA system.
➨Installation costs are higher.
➨The system increases unemployment rates.
➨The system supports use of restricted softwares and hardware equipments.

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