Present Perfect To Future Perfect Continuous

DEFINITION OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action
is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.
THE PRESENT PERFECT IS USED TO DESCRIBE
 An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol
since 1984 (= and I still do.)
 An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice
this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
 A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Portugal
several times.
 An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just
finished my work.
 An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his
reading is important)
The choice between Present Perfect and Simple Past is often determined by the adverbial
accompanying the verb.
**With adverbs referring to a period gone by, we would use the simple past: I studied all
night/yesterday/on Wednesday.
With adverbs beginning in the past and going up to present, we would use the present perfect:I have
studied up to now/lately/already.
FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event
happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense
makes it clear which one happened first.
In these examples, Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the second or more recent
event:
The PAST PERFECT TENSE indicates that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point
in the past before something else happened. This tense is formed with the past tense form of "to have"
(HAD) plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form):
I had walked two miles by lunchtime.
I had run three other marathons before entering the Boston Marathon .
PAST PERFECT + JUST

'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than before now,
e.g.
 The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
When Not to Use the Past Perfect
Don’t use the past perfect when you’re not trying to convey some sequence of events.
Common Irregular Verbs in the Past Perfect Tense

Future Perfect
The future perfect is a verb tense used for actions that will be completed before some
other point in the future. It is most often used with a time expression.
Key words: Verb, past participle, tense, preposition
The future perfect tense is for talking about an action that will be completed between
now and some point in the future.
But without prepositions such as before or by the time that make the sequence of
events clear, you need to use the future perfect to show what happened first.
When Not to Use the Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense is only for actions that will be complete before a specified
point in the future. In other words, the action you’re talking about must have a
deadline. If you don’t mention a deadline, use the simple future tense instead of the
future perfect tense.
Prepositional Phrases that Often Go With the Future Perfect
By this time next week, Linda will have left for her trip. Three days from now, we
will have finished our project. At midnight, the party will have ended. Will you have
eaten already? Chester will not have arrived by the time the parade is over. When I
travel to France, I will have been to ten countries. My sister will have cleaned the
bathroom before the party. As soon as someone buys this chair, I will have sold all
the furniture I wanted to get rid of.
NOTE: *Be careful when using the verb “to be” in the future perfect tense. The
construction is easy to confuse with the future perfect continuous tense.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive
tense) shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time.
The present perfect continuous is formed using the construction has/have been + the
present participle (root + -ing).
The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between 'before
now' and 'now'. The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did
not finish in that period of time. He/she is interested in the process as well as the
result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished.
Recently and lately are words that we often find with verbs in the present perfect
continuous tense.
Mia has been competing in flute competitions recently. (And she will continue to do
so.)
I haven’t been feeling well lately. (And I am still sick now.)
Have you seen my wallet and keys recently? (Because I sure don’t know where they
are.)
Of course, not all verbs are compatible with continuous action. Some examples of
such verbs are to be, to arrive, and to own.
(X) I have been owning my Mazda since 2007.
I have owned my Mazda since 2007. (present perfect tense)
(X) Gus has been being late for work recently.
Gus has been late for work recently. (present perfect tense)
Past Perfect Continuous

The past perfect continuous (also called past perfect progressive) is a verb tense which
is used to show that an action started in the past and continued up to another point in
the past. Generally, progressive forms occur only with what are called dynamic verbs
and not with stative verbs.
The progressive forms occur only with dynamic verbs, that is, with verbs that show qualities capable of
change as opposed to stative verbs, which show qualities not capable of change.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any

continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings formixed verbs cannot be
used in continuous tenses. Instead of using past perfect continuous with these verbs,
you must use past perfect.
Examples:
 The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought
it. Not Correct
 The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought
it. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
 You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived.
 Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
 Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years
before he moved to Paris. Active
 The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for
two years before he moved to Paris. Passive
NOTE: Passive forms of the past perfect continuous are not common
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future perfect progressive, is
a verb tense that describes actions that will continue up until a point in the future. The
future perfect continuous consists of will + have + been + the verb’s present
participle (verb root + -ing).
It is most often used with a time expression.
When we describe an action in the future perfect continuous tense, we are projecting

ourselves forward in time and looking back at the duration of that activity. The
activity will have begun sometime in the past, present, or in the future, and is expected
to continue in the future.
Nonaction Verbs Do Not Use the Future Perfect

Continuous
Remember that nonaction verbs like to be, to seem, or to know are not suited to the
future perfect continuous tense. Instead, these verbs take the future perfect tense,
which is formed with will + have + past participle.
On Thursday, I will have been knowing you for a week. (X)
On Thursday, I will have known you for a week.
I will have been reading forty-five books by Christmas. (X)
I will have read forty-five books by Christmas.

Present Perfect To Future Perfect Continuous

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DEFINITION OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

THE PRESENT PERFECT IS USED TO DESCRIBE

FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT

I had walked two miles by lunchtime.

PAST PERFECT + JUST

 The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

When Not to Use the Past Perfect

Common Irregular Verbs in the Past Perfect Tense

Key words: Verb, past participle, tense, preposition

When Not to Use the Future Perfect Tense

Prepositional Phrases that Often Go With the Future Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

I haven’t been feeling well lately. (And I am still sick now.)

(X) I have been owning my Mazda since 2007.

I have owned my Mazda since 2007. (present perfect tense)

(X) Gus has been being late for work recently.

Gus has been late for work recently. (present perfect tense)

Past Perfect Continuous

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

When we describe an action in the future perfect continuous tense, we are projecting

Nonaction Verbs Do Not Use the Future Perfect

On Thursday, I will have known you for a week.

I will have been reading forty-five books by Christmas. (X)

I will have read forty-five books by Christmas.

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