Project : Assignment SS Design

Substation: 33/11 kV Primary Substation -Proposed

INDEX

Sl.No. Contents Page No.

1 Earthing Design Calculation - Input Details 3

2 Conductor Sizing Calculation 4

3 Determination of Overall Grid Resistance 5
4 Determination Grid Potential Rise 5
5 Determination of Tolerable Touch and Step Voltages 6

6 Determination of Attainable Mesh Voltage and Step Voltage 7&8

7 Earthing Design Calculation - Results & Conclusion 9

8 Annexure-1 (Soil Resistivity Test Results)

9 Referance document

Earth Design-33kV-Assignment - Copy.xlsx Cont Page 1 of 9

Assignment : 33/11 kV Substation Design
Project : Assignment SS Design

Substation: 33/11kV Primary substation -Proposed

Earthing Design Calculation - Input Details

Sl.No. Input Details Description Legend Unit Input Value Remarks

1 Overall Dimensions of Earthing Grid

1.1 Length l m 22.00

1.2 Breadth b m 20.00

2 Fault Current
2.1 For conductor selection I kA 1.00
2.2 For step and touch potential calculations
Ig kA 1.000

3 Fault duration
3.1 For conductor selection tc sec. 1.00
3.2 For step and touch potential calculations t sec. 1.00

4 Depth of burial h m 0.40

5 Soil Resistivity r Ohm-m 40.00

value assumed. soil resistivity
to be measured.

6 Surface Resistivity rs Ohm-m 3000.00

7 Material used for Earthing (GI/Cu) Cu

8.1 Design Ambient Temperature for

Ta deg.C 48.00
conductor sizing

8.2 Maximum allowable temperature Tm deg.C 250.00

9 Proposed Size of the conductor A Sq.mm 60.00 20x3

10.1 Total grid conductor Length Lc m 66.00

10.2 Length of each ground rod Lr m 3.00
10.3 Total ground rod Length (10* 3 ) LR m 18.00

11 Proposed Spacing between parellel grid

D m 10.00
conductors

Reference Standards :

1 IEEE-Std. 80-2000 - IEEE Guide for

Safety in AC Substation Grounding

Inp Page 2
Conductor Sizing Calculation

I* 1
TCAP * 10^(-4) * ln K0 + Tm
tc*ar * rr K0 +Ta

(Reference : Equation No. 40, IEEE 80 - 2000)

where,

A= Conductor Cross section in Sq.mm.

I= Fault current considered for conductor

selection = 1.00 kA

tc = Time of current flow = 1.00 sec.

ar= Thermal Coefficient of resistivity of

material at ref. temperature= 0.00393

rr = Resistivity of conductor = 1.72 mOhm-cm

TCAP= Thermal Capacity factor in J/cm^3

deg. C 3.42 J/cm^3/deg. C

Tm = Maximum Allowable temperature = 250.00 deg.C

Ta = Ambient Temperature = 48.00 deg.C
Ko = 1/ao = As per IEEE 80 - 2000 234 deg.C

From the above formula,

The area of cross section required for the Main

Earthmat grid conductor is = 6.05 Sq.mm.

The proposed size for main mat conductor = 60.00 Sq.mm. (20x3mm)

HENCE SAFE
IIa Determination of Overall Grid Resistance

1 1 1
Rg = r + 1+
LT (20*A)^0.5 1+ (h*20/A)^0.5)

(Reference : Equation No.52 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Where ,

Rg = Grid resistance

h= Depth of Burial = 0.40 m

r= Soil Resistivity = 40.00 Ohm-m

A= Area occupied by grid = 440.00 Sq.m.

LT = Total length of buried conductor = 84.00 m

From above formula the calculated grid

resistance Rg = 1.28 Ohm
`

IIb Determination of Grid Potential Rise :

Grid Potential Rise (GPR) = Ig * Rg Volts

Grid Potential Rise = 1280 Volts

Tolerable touch voltage = 450.08 Volts

Since the Grid potential rise GPR is more than the tolerable touch voltage,

the attainable mesh voltage & attainable step voltage will be varified as per

IEEE 80 - 2000.
IIIa Determination of Tolerable Touch and Step voltages

Etouch50 = {(1000 + 1.5*Cs*rs)*0.116/(ts^0.5)}

(Reference : Equation No. 29 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Where,
rs = Surface layer resistivity in ohm-metre = 3000.00 Ohm-m

t s= Time in seconds during which fault current flows= 1.00 sec.

Cs = Surface layer derating factor = 1- 0.09(1-r/rs)

2hs+0.09
(Reference : Equation No. 27 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Where,
On On Gravel On Inter -
Concrete filled area locking
Slabs tiles

hs = Thickness of Concrete / surface rock in metre 0.25 1.5 0.08

Cs = Surface layer derating factor 0.85 0.97 0.64

Therefore tolerable step and touch voltages are,

Etouch50 in Volts = 559.7 622.34 450.08

Estep50 in Volts = 1890.8 2141.36 1452.32

IIIb Determination of Attainable Mesh Voltage(Em) and Step voltage(Es)

1.Attainable Mesh Voltage

Em = ( r*Km*Ki*Ig)/LM

(Reference : Equation No. 80,IEEE 80-2000)

LM = Total length of buried conductors = 96.12 m

LM = Total length of buried conductors = Lc + {1.55 + 1.22(Lr/SQRT(Lx^2+Ly^2)]}LR

(Reference : Equation No. 91 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Lx = Maximum length of ground conductor in x direction = 30 m

Ly = Maximum length of ground conductor in y direction = 20m

1 D^2 (D+2h)^2 h kii 8

Km = ln + - + ln
2P 16*h*d 8*D*d 4*d kh P(2n-1)

(Reference : Equation No.81 IEEE 80 -2000)

Where,

D = The spacing between parallel buried conductor = 10.00 m

d = The equivalent diameter of the earthing conductor= 0.009 m

h= Depth of burial of grid conductor = 0.40 m

n= Geometric factor = naxnbxncxnd (Eqn.84 of IEEE 80 - 2000)

nc,nd = 1
where na, = 2.Lc/Lp (Reference : Equation No.85 IEEE 80 -2000)
Lp is the peripheral length of conductor = 174 m
na= 1.57

nb = [Lp/4.(A)^0.5]^0.5 ( Eqn. 86 of IEEE 80 - 2000)

nb= 1
Hence, n= 1.57
kii= 1 (As per IEEE-80 - 2000)

kh= (1+ h/ho)^0.5 (Eqn.83 IEEE-80 - 2000)

where, ho= reference depth of grid in metres = 1m

Hence, Factor kh= (1+ h/ho)^0.5 = 1.183

(Reference : Equation No. 83 IEEE 80 - 2000)

ki=corrected factor for grid geometry = 0.644 +(0.148*n)= 0.88

(Reference : Equation No. 89 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Hence, from above formula factor Km = 1.22

Attainable Mesh Voltage Em = 446.79 Volts < 450.08 Volts

HENCE SAFE

2.Attainable Step Voltage

Es = (rKs*Ki*Ig)/Ls

(Reference : Equation No. 92 IEEE 80 - 2000)

LS = Total length of buried conductors =0.75Lc+0.85LR= 64.8 m

(Reference : Equation No. 93 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Ks = Spacing Factor for Step Voltage

1 1 1 1
Ks = + + 1-[0.5^(n-2)]
P 2*h D+h D

(Reference : Equation No. 94,IEEE 80 -2000)

where,
D=The spacing between parallel buried conductor in m= 10.00 m

h= Depth of burial of grid conductor in m = 0.40 m

n= Geometric factor = 1.57

ki= corrected factor for grid geometry = 0.644 +(0.148*n) = 0.88

(Reference : Equation No. 89 IEEE 80 - 2000)

Hence, from above formula factor Ks = 0.42

Attainable step Voltage Es = 228.148 Volts < 1452.32 Volts

HENCE SAFE
 Project : Assignment SS Design

Substation: 33/11 kV Primary Substation -Proposed 60.00 Sq.mm

2 Required Size of the Conductor 6.05 Sq.mm

Result : SAFE

IIa Grid Resistance Calculation:

1 Calculated Grid Resistance(Rg) 1.28 Ohm

IIb Grid Potential Rise Calculation :

1 Calculated grid potential rise(GPR) 1280 Volts
2 Tolerable touch voltage 450.08 Volts

Since GPR is higher than the allowable value, we proceed with the calculation of Step &
Touch Voltages and check whether they are within tolerable limits.

III Step and Touch Voltage Calculation :

1 Grid Conductor Spacing (D) 10.00 m

2 Total Length of buried conductor (L) 96.12 m
3 Tolerable Step potential on Concrete slabs 1890.8 Volts
Tolerable Step potential on Gravel filled areas 2141.36 Volts
Tolerable Step potential on Interlocking tiles 1452.32 Volts

4 Attainable Step voltage 228.15 Volts

Result: SAFE

5 Tolerable Touch potential on Concrete slabs 559.7 Volts

Tolerable Touch potential on Gravel filled areas 622.34 Volts
Tolerable Touch potential on Interlocking tiles 450.08 Volts

6 Attainable Mesh voltage 446.79 Volts

Result: SAFE

Conclusion :
Since the Attainable Values of the Step and Mesh Voltages are lesser than the Tolerable
Values, the Proposed Earthing Design is safe.

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 Cu

culation of Step &

than the Tolerable

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