Ma'am Cantos Module 4

MODULE 4 BIOMEDICAL PERSPECTIVE IN GENDER AND SEXUALITY
INTRODUCTION:
Human experience various physical and emotional changes from childhood to adulthood.
These changes are gradual and progress at different ages and speed in different people. These
stages are based on human growth and development from childhood, adolescence, adulthood,
and old age. It is focuses on the adolescent stage of human development. Which is characterized
by dynamic changes in physical and behavioral traits. Despite differences in physical appearance,
the sexual organs of men and women arise from the same structures and fulfill similar functions.
After successfully completing this module, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate female and the male reproductive systems; and

2. Understand the basis for physiologic process in female and male.
DISCUSSION:
THE BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
Anatomy the study of body structure in relation in body parts. The female sexual
anatomy is designed for the production and fertilization of ovum as well as carrying and
delivering infant off spring. Puberty signals the final development of primary and accessory
organs that support reproduction.
THE FEMALE EXTERNAL

GENETALIA CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING
 VULVA – all the external genital structures taken together;

 MONS VENERIS- pads of fatty tissue between public bone and skin;
 LABIA MAJORA – outer lips surrounding all the other structures.
 PREPUCE – clitoral hood (foreskin above and covering clitoris)
 CLITORIS – glans (head), shaft and crura (root), the clitoris is particularly sensitive to
stimulation;
 LABIA MINORA- inner lips surrounding the vestibule where sweat and oil glands
extensive blood vessels, and nerve endings are located;
 VESTIBULE- area surrounding the urethral opening and vagina, which is highly sensitive
with extensive blood vessels and nerve endings.
 URETHRAL OPENING – end of tube connecting to bladder and used for urination.
 VAGINAL OPENING- also called introitus; and
 PERINEUM – area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, distance is less in
females than males.
THE FEMALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
 VAGINA – collapsible canal extending from vaginal opening back and upward into body
to cervix and uterus. During arousal, it is engorged with blood. This aids its expansion
and triggers the release of lubricants from vaginal mucosa.
 CERVIX – small end of uterus to which vagina leads. It is the opening in cervix leading to
interior of uterus.
 UTERUS – womb, organ, within pelvic zone where fetus is carried.
 FALLOPIAN TUBES- carry egg cells from ovaries to uterus, this is where fertilization
occurs; and
 OVARIES- produce estrogen and progesterone
 Estrogen influences female sex characteristics and initiates menstrual cycle.
 Progesterone aids in regulation of menstrual cycle and promotes mature
development of uterine lining to
allow for zygote implantation.
PUBERTY
The menstrual cycle marks the beginning of

puberty in females. The first episode occurs between
11 to 15 years of age referred to as menarche.
Menstruation pertains to the sloughing off of uterine
lining.
It involves changes in the endometrium in response to the following blood ovarian hormones.
There are three phases as described and shown in the figure below.
MENSTRUAL PHASE This occurs if the ovum is not fertilized and does not implant itself into
uterine lining. The continued high levels of estrogen and progesterone causes the pituitary to
stop releasing follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone.
PROLIFERAATIVE PHASE it occurs when the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to
release FSH that stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and causes ova to mature in the
ovarian follicles.
SECRETORY PHASE it occurs when the pituitary gland releases LH that causes the ovary to
release a mature ovum and causes the remaining portion of the follicle to develop into the corpus
luteum.
FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS EMERGE AFTER PUBERTY
1. WIDENING OF HIPS AND PELVIS – accommodates giving birth, but also results in
downward shift in center of gravity.
2. ENLARGEMENT OF BREAST – at puberty both the glandular and fatty tissues of the
breasts develop considerably
MORE FEMALE CHARACTERISTICS
 Generally shorter than men;

 Greater proportion of body weight composed of
fat than men;
 Two X chromosomes reduces expressions of
many sex-linked conditions; and
 Lower morality rate at every age and longer
projected lifespan than man.
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
The male sexual anatomy is designed for the production and delivery of sperms for fertilization of
the female’s ovum.
THE MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES
 PREPUCE – foreskin covering head of penis removed in male circumcision;

 PENIS – glans (head) shaft and root. The glans is particularly sensitive to stimulation.
Running the length of penis is the urethra surrounded by the spongy body and two
cylindrical chambers known as the cavernous bodies. During arousal these becomes
engorged with blood resulting in erection.
 CORONA- rim of glans where it arises from shaft;
 FRENULUM – thin strip of a skin connecting glans and shaft on underside of penis;
 SCROTUM – sac that encloses the two compartments housing the testes.
 URETHRAL OPENING – found on head of penis this is the end of tube connected to
bladder and used for urination.
 PERINEUM – area of skin separating the genitalia from anus, distance is greater in males
than females.
THE MALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE

ORGANS
 TESTES- produce androgen, particularly large quantities of testosterone, which greatly

influence male development and drive sexual motivation, also produce sperm cells in
virtually unlimited over the entire course of the lifespan.
 VAS DEFERENS – travels from testicle toward urethra carrying sperm.
 EJACULATORY DUCTS – connect vas deferens to urethra.
 PROSTATE – gland producing alkaline secretions that account for about 30% of semen
volume.
 URETHRA – tube within penis that carries sperm and semen the rest of the way to the
opening of the penis.
MORE MALE CHARACTERISTICS
 Generally taller and greater proportion of body weight composed of water;

 Proportionately larger heart and lungs, presumably to handle greater blood fluid
volume;
 Exposure to greater levels of testosterone resulting in heavier body and facia; hair,
but also increased frequency and degree of baldness;
 Single x chromosome resulting in sex-linked conditions such as colorblindness and
hemophilia.
SUMMARY
Humans experience various physical changes from childhood to adulthood. The

adolescent stage is characterized by dynamic changes in physical and behavioral traits. Despite
differences in physical appearance, the sexual organs of men and women arise from the same
structures and fulfill similar functions.
ASSESSMENT
1. Compare and contrast the male and female genitalia

2. Draw in mind map showing the progression of the male and female from birth, puberty
and adulthood.
REFERENCES
American Psychological Association (2010) Ethical principles of psychologist and code of

conduct(with the 2010 amendments) Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/prnciples.pdf

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MODULE 4 BIOMEDICAL PERSPECTIVE IN GENDER AND SEXUALITY

After successfully completing this module, you should be able to:

1. Differentiate female and the male reproductive systems; and

THE BIOLOGICAL FEMALE

THE FEMALE EXTERNAL

 VULVA – all the external genital structures taken together;

THE FEMALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES

The menstrual cycle marks the beginning of

FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS EMERGE AFTER PUBERTY

MORE FEMALE CHARACTERISTICS

 Generally shorter than men;

THE MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES

 PREPUCE – foreskin covering head of penis removed in male circumcision;

THE MALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE

 TESTES- produce androgen, particularly large quantities of testosterone, which greatly

MORE MALE CHARACTERISTICS

 Generally taller and greater proportion of body weight composed of water;

Humans experience various physical changes from childhood to adulthood. The

1. Compare and contrast the male and female genitalia

American Psychological Association (2010) Ethical principles of psychologist and code of

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