PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]

1 Instrumentation Engineering
.General Aptitude.

Q.1 to Q.5 Carry one mark each

Question 1
He is known for his unscrupulous ways. He always sheds _______ tears to deceive people.
(A) crocodile (B) fox’s (C) fox (D) crocodile’s
Ans. (A)
Question 2
Jofra Archer, the England fast bowler, is _______ than accurate
(A) more fast (B) more faster (C) less fast (D) faster
Ans. (A)
Question 3
Select the word that fits the analogy
Build : Building : : Grow : ______.
(A) Growth (B) Grew (C) Growed (D) Grown
Ans. (A)
Question 4
I do not think you know the case well enough to have opinions. Having said that, I agree with your other
point.
What does the phrase “having said that” mean in the given text?
(A) as opposed to what I have said
(B) despite what I have said
(C) contrary to what I have said
(D) in addition to what I have said
Ans. (B)
Question 5
Define [x] as the greatest integer less than or equal to x for eachx  (, ) , If y  [ x ] , then area under y
for x [1, 4] is _______.
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 1
Ans. (C)
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Above is the graph of y  [ x ] , where [ x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x .
Area under y , for x  [1, 4]
= Area of shaded region
 (1  1)  (1  2)  (1  3)
 1 2  3  6
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Q.6 to Q.10 Carry two marks each

Question 6
Crowd funding deals with mobilisation of funds for a project from a large number of people, who would
be willing to invest smaller amounts through web-based platforms in the project.
Based on the above paragraph, which of the following is correct about crowdfinding:
(A) Funds raised through voluntary contributions on web-based platforms.
(B) Funds raised through unwilling contributions on web-based platforms.
(C) Funds raised through large contributions on web-based platforms.
(D) Funds raised through coerced contributions on web-based platforms.
Ans. (A)
Question 7
P, Q, R and S are to be uniquely coded using  and  . If P is coded as  and  , then R and S
respectively, can be coded as _____.
(A)  and  (B)  and  (C)  and  (D)  and 
Ans. (A)
Given :
Sol. P is coded as 
Q is coded as 
Since, P, Q, R and S all are uniquely coded. So, R and S cannot be coded as  or  .
In option (B) R is coded as  .
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
3 Instrumentation Engineering
In option (C) S is coded as  .
In option (D) S is coded as  .
So, these options are wrong.
Only option (A) contains unique code for R and S .
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 8
The sum of the first n terms in the sequence 8, 88, 888, 8888, …..is _______.
81 n 9 81 n 9
(A) (10  1)  n (B) (10  1)  n
80 8 80 8
80 n 8 80 n 8
(C) (10  1)  n (D) (10  1)  n
81 9 81 9
Ans. (D)
Sol. Given S  8  88  888 
Method 1 :
S  8  88  888  ..... upto n terms
S  8(1  11  111  ......)
8
S  (9  99  999  ......)
9
8
S   (10  1)  (100  1)  (1000  1)  .....
9
8
S   (10  100  1000  .....)  (1  1  1  .....n times) 
9
8
S   (10  100  1000  .....)  n
9
10  100  1000  ..... forms G.P.
In G.P. sum of n terms,
a (r n  1)
Sn  , r 1
r 1
100
Here, a  10, r   10
10
8  10(10n  1)  
 S     n
9  10  1  
80 n 8
S (10  1)  n
81 9
Hence, the correct option is (D)
Method 2 :
Sum of first 1 terms, s1  8
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4 Instrumentation Engineering
Sum of first 2 terms, s2  8  88
Sum of first 3 terms, s3  8  88  888
So, on substituting n  1 in options, one which results in 8 will be correct.
Option A :
81 9
 (10  1)  (1)
80 8
81 9
  9   10.2375
80 8
Option B :
81 9
 (10  1)  (1)
80 8
81 9
  9   7.9875
80 8
Option C :
80 8
 (10  1)  (1)
81 9
80 8
  9   9.778
81 9
Option D :
80 8
 (10  1)  (1)
81 9
80 8
 9   8
81 9
Only option (D) results to 8.
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Method 3 :
Multiply by 10 on both sides
10 s  80  880  8880 
 9 S  8  8  8 times
(8  n)  10  8n
S
9
 80  800 [Taking 80 common]
80(10 n  1)
S
9
80(10 n  1) 8n
 Total sum s  
99 9
80(10 n  1) 8n
s 
81 9
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5 Instrumentation Engineering
Hence, the correct option is (D)
Question 9
Select the graph that schematically represents both y  x m and y  x1/m properly in the interval 0  x  1
, for integer values of m, where m  1 .
(A) y (B) y

1 1

xm x1/m

x1/ m xm
x x
(C) y (D) y

1 1
x1 /m
xm xm
x1/ m
x x
Ans. (B)
Sol. y  x m and y  x1/m
Range of x : 0  x  1
Let m  2
x y  x2 y  x1 2
0 0 0
0.25 0.0625 0.5
0.5 0.25 0.707
0.75 0.5625 0.8667
1 1 1

Same graph is observed for any value of m.

Hence, correct option is (B).
Question 10
The bar graph shows the data of students who appeared and passed in an examination for four schools P,
Q, R and S. The average of success rate (in percentage) of these four schools is _______.
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6 Instrumentation Engineering

(A) 59.3 % (B) 58.8 % (C) 59.0 % (D) 58.5 %

Ans. (C)
280
Sol. Success rate of students of school P  100  56%
500
330
Success rate of students of school Q  100  55%
600
455
Success rate of students of school, R  100  65%
700
240
Success rate of student of school, S  100  60%
400
Average of success rates of these schools (in percentage)
56  55  65  60
  59%
4
Hence, the correct option is (C).

.Technical Section.
Q.1 to Q.25 Carry one mark each
Question 1
The Boolean operation performed by the following circuit at the output O is______
I0
4 : 1
I1 MUX O
I2
I3

S1 S0
MSB LSB
(A) O  S1  S0 (B) O  S1  S0 (C) O  S0  S1 (D) O  S1  S 0
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
7 Instrumentation Engineering
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given circuit is shown in figure below,

From the given arrangement,

I0  0
I1  1
I2  1
I3  0
O  S1S 0 I 0  S1S0 I1  S1S 0 I 2  S1S0 I 3
O  S1S 0 (0)  S1S0  S1S0  S1S 0 (0)
O  S1S 0  S1S 0
O  S1  S0
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 2
In the circuit shown below, the safe maximum value for current I is
100 , 1 W

I
VB 2 , 0.5 W

1 , 0.25 W
(A) 0.1 A (B) 1.0 A (C) 0.5 A (D) 0.05 A
Ans. (A)
Sol. Maximum current for 100 , 1 W ;
P 1
I   0.1 A
R 100
Maximum current for 2 , 0.5 W ;
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
8 Instrumentation Engineering
0.5
I  0.5 A
2
Maximum current for 1 , 0.25 W ;
0.25
I  0.5 A
1
I 100 , 1W
R1

VB + R2 2 , 0.5 W

R3
1 , 0.25 W
As all resistors are in series, so the current through them will be same. Hence the maximum current
which will not damage the circuit is 0.1 A.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Question 3
The capacitance C x of a capacitive type sensor is (1000 x) pF, where x is the input to the sensor. As
shown in the figure, the sensor is excited by a voltage 10sin (100 t ) V. The other terminal of the sensor
is tied to the input of a high input impedance amplifier through a shielded cable, with shield connected
to ground. The cable capacitance is 100 pF. The peak of the voltage VA at the input of the amplifier
when x  0.1 (in volts) is _______
Cx
Amplifier
VA (high input impedance)
Shielded cable
10 sin (100 t )
volts

Ans. (5)
Sol. Given in question, C x  (1000 x)pF
Input voltage  10 sin (100t)V
Ccable  100 pF
x  0.1
To Find VApeak
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9 Instrumentation Engineering

 C x  (1000  0.1)  100 pF

Now look at the network here

Looking at the network cable is in parallel to both Vm & Zin with Ccable  100 pf

Here, Zin  1
Since, Zin  1, consider no current drawn or a practical open circuit
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
10 Instrumentation Engineering

 By voltage divider rule,

Z cable
VApeak   Vi peak
( Z cable  Z x )
1 1 1012
10 
j Ccable j 100
VApeak   Vi peak 
1 1 1  1012 1012 
   
j Ccable jCx j  100 100 
10
VApeak   5 volts
2
VApeak  5V
Hence, the correct answer is 5 V.
Question 4
Given f ( A, B, C , D)   m (0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11) +  d (3, 7, 14, 15) is Boolean function, where
mrepresents min-terms and d represents don’t cares. The minimal sum of products expression for
fis______
(A) f  D  A (B) AB  CD (C) B  C (D) AB  CB
Ans. (C)
Sol. f ( A, B, C , D)  m (0,1, 2,6,8,9,10,11)   d (3,7,14,15)
CD
AB 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 X 1

01 X 1

11 X X

10 1 1 1 1

f  B C
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 5
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11 Instrumentation Engineering
If diodes in the circuit shown are ideal and the breakdown voltage VZ of the Zener diode is 5 V, the
power dissipated in the 100  resistor (in watts) is________

25 225
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D)
100 100
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given circuit is shown in figure,

Considering D1 to be ON finding open circuit voltage across Zener to check whether it will go into
breakdown or not,

If VOC  VZ then breakdown of Zener occurs.

Vin  5 10sin100t  5
i  [ i  0 for Vin  5 ]
50  100 150
So, assumption of D1 to be ON is correct for Vin  5 .
Applying KVL,
 Vin  50i  VOC  0
10sin100t  5 
 VOC  Vin  50  
 150
3Vin  Vin  5 2Vin  5
VOC  
3 3
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12 Instrumentation Engineering
If VOC  VZ then breakdown occurs.
2Vin  5
5
3

2Vin  10 V
Vin  5 V
Since, Vin  10sin100t
When input exceeds 5 V then Zener diode goes to breakdown and voltage across it is fixed at VZ  5 V .

55
Current through 100  resistor, i1  0
100
When Vin  5 V , both diode will be OFF and current through 100  remains zero.
 Power in 100  resistor = 0 W.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 6
The Boolean expression for the shaded regions as shown in the figure is
A B

(A) ( A  B )  ( A  B) (B) ( A  B )  ( A  B ) (C) ( A  B )  ( A  B ) (D) ( A  B)  ( A  B )

Ans. (D)
Sol.
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13 Instrumentation Engineering
Method 1
A B

AB BA
Y   M (0, 3)
Y  AB  AB
Y  ( A  B)( A  B )

Method 2
A B  A B

A B A B  A B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Now cross-checking from options.

Only option D satisfies the condition.
Hence the correct option is D
Question 7


 x(t )e
 jt
Consider the signal x(t )  e  t , Let X ( j)  dt be the Fourier transform of x(t ) . The value of


X ( j 0) is _______.
Ans. (2)
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14 Instrumentation Engineering


 x(t )e
t  j t
Sol. x (t )  e Let X ( j)  dt


X ( j) 0  ?

a t 2a
e 
  a2
2

t 2
e 
  12
2

2
FT {x(t )}  X ( j) 
 1
2

X ( j) 0  2
Hence, the correct answer is 2.
Question 8
Assuming ideal Op-Amps, the output voltage at V1 in the figure shown (in volts) ______
1 k

1 k 1 k 5 k 3 k

V1

3V + 2V +

Ans. (7)
Sol.
1 k

1 k 3 V 1 k V1 5 k 3 k
2V

+ V1 +

3V + 2V +
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
15 Instrumentation Engineering
Apply KCL at inverting terminal of first Op-Amp.
3  V1 3  2 3  0
  0
1 1 1
 3  V1  1  3  0
 V1  7 Volts
Hence, the correct answer is 7 V.
Question 9
1  0.2s
A phase lead network has a transfer function G ( s )  . The angular frequency at which the
1  0.05s
maximum phase shift for network occurs is_______
(A) 200 rad/s (B) 20 rad/s (C) 10 rad/s (D) 100 rad/s
Ans. (C)
1  0.2s
Sol. Given transfer function for lead network G( s) 
1  0.05s
General transfer function for phase lead network is,
(1  sT )
T ( s) 
1  sT
T  0.2
T  0.05
  0.25
Frequency in rad/sec at which maximum phase occurs is,
1
m 
T 
1
m 
0.2  0.25
m  10 rad/sec
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 10
A differentiator has transfer function whose
(A) magnitude remains constant (B) phase increases linearly with frequency
(C) magnitude increases linearly with frequency (D) magnitude decreases linearly with frequency
Ans. (C)
Sol. Output of differentiator,
 RCdvi (t )
v0 (t ) 
dt
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16 Instrumentation Engineering
V0 ( s )   RCsVi ( s )
V0 ( s )
  RCs
Vi ( s )
T ( s )   RCs
T ( j )   RC ( j )
T ( j)  RC 
A differentiator is a High Pass Filter and its magnitude increases with frequency.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 11
A 200 mV full - scale dual slope analog to digital convertor (DS-ADC) has a reference voltage of 100
mV. The first integration time is set as 100 ms. The DS-ADC is operated in the continuous conversion
mode. The conversion time of the DS-ADC for an input voltage of 123.4 mV (in ms, rounded off to one
decimal place) is _______
Ans. (223.4)
Sol. Given for a dual slope A/D convertor,

Full scale reading = 200 mV

Analog reference voltage VR  100 mV
Applied input analog voltage  123.4 mV  Vin
First integration time (fixed)  100 ms  1
(Input voltage  Charging time) = (Reference voltage  Discharging time)
Vm  1  VR  2
123.4  100  10  6  100  10 3 2
 2  123.4 msec
Total conversion time, tc  1  2
tc  (100  123.4) msec  223.4 msec
Hence, the correct answer is 223.4 msec.
Question 12
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
17 Instrumentation Engineering
The unit vectors along the mutually perpendicular x, y and z axes are iˆ, ˆj and kˆ respectively. Consider
   
the plane z  0 and two vectors a and b on that plane such that a  b for any scalar  . A vector
 
perpendicular to both a and b is
(A) iˆ (B) iˆ  ˆj (C)  ĵ (D) k̂
Ans. (D)
Sol. Here z  0

So, a , b lies in xy plane.

Vector perpendicular to both a , b will be in z axis. So it will be k̂ .

Hence, the correct answer is (D).
Question 13
A second order system has closed loop poles located at s  3  j 4 . The time t at which the maximum
value of the step response occurs (in seconds, rounded off to two decimal places) is ________.
Ans. (0.76 to 0.81)
Sol. Poles are located s  3  j 4

Comparing with s  n  jn 1   2   n  jd

d  4
n  3
Time at which maximum value of response occur is peak time.
 
tp  
d 4
t p  0.785 sec
Hence, the correct answer is 0.785 sec.
Question 14
A player throws a ball at a basket kept at a distance. The probability that the ball falls into the basket in a
single attempt is 0.1. The player attempts to throw the ball twice. Considering each attempt to be
independent, the probability that this player puts the ball into the basket only in the second attempt
(rounded off to two decimal places) is _______
Ans. 0.09
Sol. Probability that ball falls into basket in a single attempt, p = 0.1.
Then, Probability, that ball doesn’t fall into basket in a single attempt, q  1  p  1  0.1  0.9 .
In order that player puts ball basket in second attempt he should fail in first attempt and success in
second attempt.
 Probability of putting ball only in second attempt
 q  p  0.9  0.1  0.09
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
18 Instrumentation Engineering

Question 15
A set of linear equations is given in the form Ax  b, where A is a 2  4 matrix with real number entries
and b  0. Will it be possible to solve for x and obtain a unique solution by multiplying both left and
right sides of the equation by AT (the super script T denotes the transpose) and inverting the matrix
AT A ? Answer is _______
(A) Yes, can obtain a unique solution provided the matrix A is well conditioned
(B) Yes, can obtain a unique solution provided the matrix AT A is well conditioned
(C) No, it is not possible to get a unique solution for any 2  4 matrix A.
(D) Yes, it is always possible to get a unique solution for any 2  4 matrix A.
Ans. (C)
Sol. Rank of matrix must be  min( R , C )
So, rank of matrix A  2
Let, rank of matrix A  n, n  2
Since rank of A =rank of AT =rank of AAT
Rank of matrix AT  n
Rank of AAT  n
But dimension of AAT is 4  4
So, AAT  0 as (Rank < Dimension)
Hence, system cannot have unique solution.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 16
If I is the current flowing through a Hall effect sensor and B is the magnetic flux density perpendicular
to the direction of current (in the plane of Hall effect sensor). The Hall voltage generated is
(A) Inversely proportional to both I and B
(B) Directly proportional to both I and B
(C) Inversely proportional to I and directly proportional to B
(D) Directlyproportional to I and inversely proportional to B
Ans. (B)
Sol. The Hall voltage is given by
BIRH
VH 
w
VH  B 

VH  I 
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
19 Instrumentation Engineering
So Hall voltage is directly proportional to both B and I.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 17
Consider the recursive equation X n 1  X n  h ( F ( X n )  X n ), with initial condition X 0  1 and h  0
being a very small valued scalar. This recursion numerically solves the ordinary differential equation
_______
(A) X   F ( X )  X , X (0)  1 (B) X  F ( X )  X , X (0)  1
(C) X  F ( X ), X (0)  1 (D) X   F ( X ), X (0)  1
Ans. (A)
Sol. Given, recursive equation X n 1  X n  h[ F ( X n )  X n ]
It can also written as,
X n1  X n  h[  F ( X n )  X n ] …(i)
Forward Euler’s method is given by,
yn  yn 1  h f ( yn 1 , t n1 ) …(ii)
Or yn  yn 1  h y 'n 1
Comparing equation (ii) with equation (i),
dX n
 Xn  F(Xn )
dt
X  X  F ( X )
n n n

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Question 18
Three 400  resistors are connected in delta and powered by a 400 V(rms) 50 Hz balanced,
symmetrical R  Y  B sequence, three phase three wire mains. The rms value of the line current (in
amperes, rounded off to one decimal place) is _______
Ans. (1.70 to 1.80)
Sol.
R

400 V 400 Ω
400 V 400 Ω

B
400 V 400 Ω
Y
VP  VL  400 Volt
VP 400
IP   1 A
400 400
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20 Instrumentation Engineering
I L  3  I P  3  1.732 A
Hence, the correct answer is 1.732 A.
Question 19
Assume that the Op-Amp in the circuit shown is ideal.
8 k

Ix

Vx

1 k 2 k

Vx
The value of (in k ) is __________
Ix
Ans. (– 4)
Sol.
8 k Ix

Ix

V0
Vx

1 k 2 k

Applying KCL at inverting terminal

Vx  0 Vx  V0
 0  0
1 2
V0  3Vx
Apply KCL at non-inverting terminal,
Vx  3Vx
I x  0
8
Vx
  4 k
Ix
Hence, the correct answer is  4 k .
Question 20
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
21 Instrumentation Engineering
C (s) 1
The closed loop transfer function of control system is given by  . For the input r (t )  sin t ,
R( s ) s  1
the steady state response c (t ) is _______
1   1 1  
(A) sin  t   (B) cos t (C) sin  t   (D) 1
2  4 2 2  4
Ans. (A)
C (s) 1
Sol. 
R( s ) ( s  1)
C ( j) 1

R ( j) 1  j
Given input signal, r (t )  sin t ,   1
C ( j) 1
 
R ( j ) 1  j
C ( j) 1
 B
R ( j) 2
C ( j) 
 
R ( j) 4
c (t )  B sin(t  )
1
c(t )  1  sin(t  )
2
1  
c (t ) sin  t  
2  4
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Question 21
A sinusoid of 10 kHz is sampled at 15 k samples/sec. The resulting signal is passed through an ideal low
pass filter (LPF) with cut-off frequency of 25 kHz. The maximum frequency component at output of
LPF (in kHz) is ________
Ans. (25)
Sol. Given : Modulating frequency, f m  10 kHz
Sampling frequency, f s  15 K samples/sec.
Cut off frequency of LPF, f c  25 kHz
The frequency components present in sampling of single –tone modulating signal are ,
fm , fs  fm , 2 fs  fm 
f m  10 kHz
f s  f m  15  10  25 kHz and 5 kHz
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
22 Instrumentation Engineering
2 f s  f m  30  10  40 kHz and 20 kHz and so n.
A low-pass filter passes all frequency from zero to the cut-off frequency and blocks all the frequencies
above the cut-off frequency.
Hence, at the output of LPF frequency components present are 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz and 25 kHz.
The maximum frequency component at output of the Low Pass Filter is 25 kHz.
Hence, the correct answer is 25 kHz.
Question 22
1
Let f ( z )  , a  0 . The value of the integral  f ( z )dz over a circleC with center (a, 0) and
za
radius R  0 evaluated in the anti-clockwise direction is________
(A) 4i (B) 2i (C) 0 (D) 2i
Ans. (D)
1
Sol. f ( z) 
za
Centre of circle is (  a , 0) and

Pole  a lie inside the circle.

By residue theorem,
 f ( z ) dz  2i  Res( z )
C
i

Residue at z   a is given by,

Res( a)  [( z  a)  f ( z )]z  a
 1 
Res(  a )   ( z  a ) 
 ( z  a )  z  a
Res(  a )  1
1
Now,  z  a dz  2i [Res (a)]
dz
  z  a  2i(1)  2i
Hence, the correct option is (D).
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
23 Instrumentation Engineering
Question 23
A Q meter is best suited for the measurement of the
(A) Turns ratio of a transformer (B) Quality factor of Piezoelectric sensor
(C) Quality factor of a capacitance (D) Distributed capacitance of a coil
Ans. (D)
The Q-meter is best suited for the distributed (self) capacitor. If the values of tuning capacitor is ‘C’ and
frequency be ' f1 '
1
 Resonant frequency, f1 
2 L(C1  Cd )
Now frequency is doubled to ' f 2 ' . For bringing the resonance of the circuit let the tuning capacitor
value be ' C2 '
1
 Resonant frequency, f 2 
2  L (C 2  C d )
Now, f 2  2  f1
1 1
 2
2 L(C2  Cd ) 2 L(C1  Cd )
 Self (distributed) capacitor,
C1  4C2
Cd 
3
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Question 24
1, n  0, 1, 2, 3
Consider the signal x[n]  sin(2n)u[n] , where u[n]  
0, otherwise
The period of signal x[n] is
(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given : x[ n]  sin 2nu[n ] , where u[ n]  1 for n  0
x[0]  sin 2(0)u[0]  0
x[1]  sin 2(1)u[1]  0
x[2]  sin 2(2)u[2]  0
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
24 Instrumentation Engineering
x[ n] is a constant (DC) signal of zero value where it repeats it’s value zero with each value of n . So, the
time period = 1.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 25
Two 100  resister having tolerance 3% and 4% are connected in series. The effective tolerance of the
series combination (in %, one decimal place) is _________
Ans. (3.5)
Sol. Given:
R1  100 

R2  100 

% R1  3%

% R2  4%

Method – I :
Req  R1  R2  100  100  200

R1 R
% Req   % R1  2  % R2
Req Req

100 100
 % Req   3%   4%
200 200
% Req  1.5%  2%

%  Req  3.5%

Method – II :
3
Absolute error, R1   100  3 
100
4
Absolute error, R2  100  4 
100

Reff  R1  R2  100  100  200 

Total error  3  4  7 
 Tolerance band in expression of %
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
25 Instrumentation Engineering
7
=  100   3.5
200
Hence, correct answer is 3.5

Q.26 to Q.55 Carry two marks each

Question 26
As shown in the figure, a slab of finite thickness t with refractive index n2  1.5, has air (n1  1) above
and below it. Light of free space wavelength 600 nm is incident normally from air as shown. For a
destructive interference to be observed at R, the minimum value of thickness of the slab t (in nm) is
_______
I R
n1  1

t n2  1.5

n1  1

Ans. (200)
Sol. Given :
  600 nm
n2  1.5
n1  1

Since, light is incident normally.

 3
For destructive interference path difference must be either , or odd multiple of '  ' and we know
2 2
that, the distance travelled  t
Where ' t ' = Thickness of the slab

 For minimum thickness,  t
2
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
26 Instrumentation Engineering
But the slab has a refractive index.

 t
2 n2
600
t
2  1.5
600
t  200 nm
3
t  200 nm
Hence, correct answer is 200

Question 27
The system shown in fig. (a) has a time response y (t ) to an input r (t )  10 u(t ) as shown in fig. (b),
u(t ) being the unit step input. Both K,  are positive. The gain K of the system is __________
y (t )

8
K y
r
s  1
t
0
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)
Ans. (4)
Sol. Given input, r (t )  10u (t )
Steady state error is, ess  10  8  2
sR ( s )
ess  lim
s 0 1  GH ( s )
10
s
2  lim s
s 0 K
1
s  1
10
2
1 K
10
2
1 K
1 K  5
 K 4
Hence, the correct answer is 4.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
27 Instrumentation Engineering

Question 28
The circuit shown uses ideal Op-Amp powered from a supply VCC  5 V. If the charge q p generated by
the piezoelectric sensor is of the form q p  0.1sin (10000t )μC, the peak detector output after 10 cycles
of q p (in volts, rounded off to one decimal place) is _______
100 nF

VC C  5 V PD


qp 10 pF 100 pF

(1/2) VCC  2.5 V

Ans. (3.4 to 3.6)
Sol. Given op-amp circuit is shown in below figure.

Since this is a negative feedback op-amp circuit. So we can apply virtual ground concept

V  V  2.5 V

Peak detector output

V p (t )  2.5  Vc (t )

Vc (t )  2.5  V p (t )

1
 Vc (t )  q p (t )
C
1
 2.5  V p (t )  q p (t )
C
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
28 Instrumentation Engineering
1
2.5  V p (t )  9
0.1sin (104 t ) 106
100 10

2.5  V p (t )  sin(104 t )

V p (t )  2.5  sin(104 t )

 sin(10 4 t )  1

So, peak detector output after 10 cycles of q p is 3.5 V.

Hence, the correct answer is 3.5 V.

Question 29
The address lines A9 ..... A2 of 10 bit, 1.023 V full - scale digital to analog converter (DAC) is
connected to the data lines D7 to D0 of an 8-bit microprocessor with A1 and A0 of the DAC grounded.
Now, D7 .... D0 is changed from 1010 1010 to 1010 1011. The corresponding change in the output of
the DAC (in mV, rounded off to one decimal place) is ________
Ans. (3.5 to 4.5)
Sol. Given statement weight Initial final is shown in figure,

Here the input data is changed by 1 bit but line change in analog input will be of resolution or 1 step
size.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
29 Instrumentation Engineering
Change in DAC o/p  4  step size (as the weightage of the bit changed is 2 2 .)
Fullscale value
Step size = Resolution 
2n  1
Given 10 bit DAC, n  10 F .S .  1.023V
1.023 1.023
 Step size    1mV
210  1 1.023
 Change in analog output  4  step size  4 mV
Hence, the correct answer is 4 mV.
Question 30
I1 , I 2 and I 3 in the figure below are mesh currents. The correct set of mesh equations for these currents,
in matrix form, is _______
V2


I2 1
1 1

V1 
 I1 2 I3  V
 3

 3 1 2  I1   V1   1 1 2   I1  V1 
(A)  1 3 1  I 2    V2  (B)  1 2 1  I 2   V2 
         
 2 1 3   I 3   V3   2 1 3   I 3  V3 

 3 1 2   I1   V1   3 1 2   I1  V1 
(C)  1 3 1  I 2    V2  (D)  1 3 1  I 2   V2 
         
 2 1 3   I 3   V3   2 1 3  I 3  V3 
Ans. (C)
Sol. Given :Circuit is shown in figure writing KVL in loop-I,

V1  1( I1  I 2 )  2( I1  I 3 )  0
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
30 Instrumentation Engineering
 V1  3I1  I 2  2 I 3 …(i)
Applying KVL in loop-II,
 V2  I 2  1( I 2  I 3 )  1( I 2  I1 )  0
V2   I1  3I 2  I 3 …(ii)
Applying KVL in loop-III,
V3  2( I 3  I1 )  1( I 3  I 2 )  0
V3  2 I1  I 2  3I 3
V3  2 I1  I 2  3I 3 …(iii)
Writing equation (i), (ii) and (iii) in matrix form,
 3 1 2   I1   V1 
 1 3 1  I    V 
  2  2 
 2 1 3   I 3    V3 
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 31
The real power drawn by a balanced load connected to a 400 V, 50 Hz, balanced, symmetrical 3-phase,
3-wire, RYB sequence mains is measured using the two-wattmeter method. Wattmeter W1 is connected
1
in the R line and wattmeter W2 is connected in the B line. The line current is measured as A. If the
3
wattmeter W1 reads zero, the reading on W2 (in watts) is _______
Ans. 199 to 201
Sol. Given: Two wattmeter method of three phase power measurement.
VL  400V

f  50 Hz

1
I A
3

W1  0 W

Method – I :
As the reading of W1 is zero, the entire power will be read by wattmeter 2

W1  VL I L cos(  30)

W2  VL .I L cos(  30)

W1  0 when cos(  30)  0

PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
31 Instrumentation Engineering
  30  900

  600

1
 W2  VL I L cos(60  300 )  400   cos 300
3

1 3
W2  400    200 W
3 2

Method – II :
As the reading of W1 is ‘0’ W2 will measure the total three phase power

  W2  3VL I L cos 

1
 3  400   cos 600
3

1 1
 3  400    200 W
3 2
Hence, correct answer is 200W.
Question 32
A laser beam of 10 mm beam diameter is focused onto an optical fibre using a thin biconvex lens as
shown in the figure. The refractive index of the lens is 1.5. The refractive indices of the core and
cladding of the fibre are 1.55 and 1.54 respectively. The minimum value of the focal length of the lens to
attain the maximum coupling to the fibre (in mm, rounded off to one decimal place) is _______
Lens

core
cladding
fibre
10 mm
Ans. (27.5 to 28.5)
Sol. Given : ηline  1.5 , ηcore  1.55 and clodding  1.54 .

Laser beam diameter  10 mm

Now for the light to be completely include the optical fibre, the light that must be entering at an angle
greater than or equal to the acceptance angle of the optical fibre.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
32 Instrumentation Engineering
That is

By Defination Numerical aperture  sin  A where  A  Acceptance angle

  A  sin 1 ( N . A)
But for optical fibre,
( ncore )2  ( nclodding ) 2
N .A 
( nair )

N . A  (1.55)2  (1.54) 2

N . A  (1.55)2  (1.54) 2
N . A  2.4025  2.3716
N . A  0.0309  0.1758
  A  sin 1 (0.1758)  10.1250
Now of we assume that light strike almost at the top of the line we can assume that theheight of the line
 10 mm
5
 We can write that, tan  A   tan10.1250
Focus
5
 tan10.1250  0.1785
Focus
Focus  28.01  28 mm
Hence, the correct answer is 28 mm.
Question 33
Assuming that the Op-Amp used in the circuit shown is ideal, the reading of the 1 Hz bandwidth
permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) type voltmeter (in volts) is __________
10 k

20 k
V/M

2 sin(5000t) V
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
33 Instrumentation Engineering
Ans. (1)
Sol.

In positive half cycle of input D1 ON and D2 OFF.

In negative half cycle of input D1 OFF and D2 ON.

10
V0    2 sin(500  0.1)   sin(5000t ) ,
20
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
34 Instrumentation Engineering
PMMC reading average value.

 (V0 )avg 
1 V

Hence, the correct answer is 1.

Question 34
dx
Consider the differential equation  sin ( x), with the initial condition x(0)  0. The solution to this
dt
ordinary differential equation is _______
(A) x(t )  0 (B) x(t )  sin (t )
(C) x(t )  sin (t )  cos (t ) (D) x(t )  cos (t )
Ans. (A)
dx
Sol.  sin( x)
dt
dx
 sin x   dt
log(cosec x  cot x )  t  C
cosec x  cot x  et C
1  cos x
 et  C
sin x
x
2sin 2
2  et  C
x x
2sin cos
2 2
x
tan  et C
2
x
 tan 1[et C ]
2
At t  0, x  0
 0  tan 1 (eC )
t  
x
Since  tan 1[et  ]
2
x
 tan 1[e  ]
2
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
35 Instrumentation Engineering
x
 tan 1[0]
2
x0
Hence, the correct option is (A)
Question 35
Consider the finite sequence X  (1, 1, 1) . The Inverse Discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) of X given as
( x (0) , x(1) , x (2) ). The value of x (2) is _______
Ans. (0)
Sol. X  {1, 1, 1}
IDFT { X }  x(0), x (1), x(2)
N 1  2 
1 jk  n
x (n) 
N
 X ( k )e
K 0
 N 

N 3
2
1 2 jk n
x ( n)  
3 K 0
X ( k ) e 3

4
1 2 jk
x(2)  
3 K 0
X ( k ) e 3

1 j 4 j 8

  X (0)e  X (1)e  X (2)e 3 
0 3
3 
j 4 j8
1 j 3 1 j 3
e 3
  ,e 3  
2 2 2 2
1   1 
3   1 j 3 
x(2)  1  1   j  1  
3   2 2   2 2  

1  1 1
 1     0
3  2 2
Hence, the correct answer is 0.
Question 36
Consider the following state variable equation
x1 (t )  x2 (t )
x2 (t )   6 x1 (t )  5 x2 (t )
The initial condition are x1 (0)  0 and x2 (0)  1 . At t  1 second, the value of x2 (1) is (rounded off to
two decimal places) is ________
Ans. -0.13 to -0.11
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
36 Instrumentation Engineering

Sol. x1 (t )  x2 (t )

x2 (t )  6 x1 (t )  5 x2 (t )
Initial conditions x1 (0)  0 , x2 (0)  1

 
 x1 (t )    0 1   x1 (t ) 
    6 5   x2 (t ) 
 x2 ( t ) 
x(t )  ( s ) x(0)  L1 ([ sI  A]1 ) x(0)
State transition matrix –
(t )  e At  L1[ sI  A]1

(s)   sI  A
1

 s 0  0 1   s 1 
 sI  A     
0 s   6 5 6 s  5
1  s  5 1
( s )   sI  A 
1

s( s  5)  6  6 s 
X ( s )  ( s ) X (0)
1  s  5 1 0
X ( s) 
s  5s  6   6 s  1 
2

1 1
X (s) 
( s  2)( s  3)  s 
1
X1 (s) 
( s  2)( s  3)
s
X 2 (s) 
( s  2)( s  3)
s A B
 
( s  2)( s  3) s  2 s  3
s 2 3
 
( s  2)( s  3) s  2 s  3
 x2 (t )  ILT of X 2 ( s )
x2 (t )   2e  2t  3e  3t
x2 (1)   2e  2  3e  3   0.121
Hence, the correct answer is – 0.121.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
37 Instrumentation Engineering
Question 37
2( s  1)
The loop transfer function of negative feedback system is G ( s) H ( s )  . The phase margin of the
s2
system is _________ (in degrees, rounded off to one decimal place).
Ans. (65.3 to 65.7)
2( s  1)
Sol. GH ( s ) 
s2
2(1  j)
GH ( j) 
( j) 2
GH ( j)  1 at gc

2 1  2gc
1
2gc

2  
1  2gc  2gc

4(1  2gc )  4gc

4gc  42gc  4  0

4  16  16 4  4 2
2gc    22 2
2 2
2gc  2(1  2)
gc  2.197
  tan 1 gc  1800
PM  1800    180  tan 1 gc  1800  tan 1 2.197
PM  65.530
Hence, the correct answer is 65.53.
Question 38
Two T-flip flops are interconnected as shown in the figure. The present state of the flip flops are :
A  1, B  1. The input x is given as 1, 0, 1 in the next three clock cycles. The decimal equivalent of
( ABY ) 2 with A being the MSB and Y being the LSB, after the 3rd clock cycle is _______
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
38 Instrumentation Engineering
X TA A
Y

clk

TB B

clk

clk
Ans. (7)
Sol. Given :Circuit is shown in figure

Both are T flip flop, so outputs A and B will toggle if TA and TB are 1 respectively.
TA  X .B TB  X
Initially A  1 , B  1 and x takes values 1, 0, 1 in next 3 clock pulses.
Clock X A B TA  X .B TB  X A B y  A  B
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
 Output ( A BY ) 2 after 3 clocks  (111)2
 Decimal equivalent  7
Hence, the correct answer is 7.
Question 39
A metallic strain gauge of resistance Rx with a gauge factor of 2 is bonded to a structure made of a metal
with modulus of elasticity of 200 GN/m2 . The value of Rx is 1 kΩ when no stress is applied. Rx is a part
of a quarter bridge with three identical fixed resistors of 1 kΩ each. The bridge is excited from a DC
voltage of 4 V. The structure is subjected to a stress of 100 MN/m 2 . Magnitude of the output of the
bridge (in mV, rounded off to two decimal places) is _______
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
39 Instrumentation Engineering
Ans. 1
Sol.
Given :
Guage.Factor. = 2
  200 109 / m 2
Vs  4
  100  10 6 N/m 2

Now we know that,

L
By Hooke’s law, 
l
L

l
l
Where   Stress and  Strain .
l
l  100  106
  
l  200  109
 0.5  10 3 m/m  0.5 mm/m
Calculation of Rx .
l
Now, Rx  Rx  G.F 
l
0.5
 Rx  1000  2   1
1000
Rx  Rx 1
 Output voltage  Vs 
Rx  Rx  1000 2
 1001 1 
 4    0.999 103
 2001 2 
 0.99 mV=1mV
Question 40
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
40 Instrumentation Engineering
K
The loop transfer function of negative feedback system is given by G ( s ) H ( s )  , where
s ( s  2)( s  6)
K  0 . The value of K at the breakaway point of the root locus for the above system (rounded off to one
decimal place) is _________
Ans. (5.0 to 5.1)
K
Sol. G( s) H ( s) 
s ( s  2)( s  6)

Characteristic equation
1  G (s ) H (s)  0
K
1 0
s ( s  2)( s  6)
s ( s  2)( s  6)  K  0
s[ s 2  8s  12]  K  0
s 3  8s 2  12 s  K  0
K  ( s3  8s 2  12s )
dK
 [3s 2  16 s  12]
ds
For breakaway point,
dK
0
ds
3s 2  16 s  12  0
16  162  4(3)(12)
s  0.90, 4.43
6
s  4.43 does not lies on R.L.
Valid break away point is s  0.90
K
G( s) H ( s) 
s ( s  2)( s  6)
At break away point,
G ( s) H ( s )  1
The value of k at the breakaway point is,
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
41 Instrumentation Engineering
K  s ( s  2)( s  6)
K   0.9( 0.9  2)( 0.9  6)  5.049
Hence, the correct answer is 5.049.
Question 41
In the circuit shown, the rms value of the voltage across the 100 Ω resistor (in volts) is _______.
R

400 V 300 Ω 100 Ω

Balanced
Symmetrical
RYB 300 Ω 300 Ω
Mains Y

B
Ans. 115 to 116
Sol. Given:

 By using Thevenin’s theorem.

Remove the branch across which voltage is to be determined

To find Rth short circuit the voltage sources and open circuit the current sources

Rth can be calculated from the above figure as follows

300
 Rth   100 
3
Thevenin’s voltage across 300  will be the phase voltage as 300  is connected in phase
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
42 Instrumentation Engineering
Vth  Voltage across 300  ,

VL 400
 Vth  phase voltage  
3 3
Thevenin’s equivalent circuit,

100 400 200

 V100     V  115.47V
100  100 3 3
Hence, the correct answer is 115.47V .

Question 42
Consider the function f ( x, y )  x 2  y 2 . The minimum value the function attains on the line x  y  1
(rounded off to one decimal place) is _______.
Ans. (0.5)
Sol. Given : f ( x, y )  x 2  y 2 …(i)
The given constraint is, x  y  1 or y  1  x …(ii)
Putting the value of y from equation (ii) on equation (i),
f ( x, y )  x 2  (1  x) 2
Differentiating both sides with respect tox,
df ( x, y )
 2 x  2(1  x)(1)  2 x  2  2 x
dx
df ( x, y )
 4x  2 ….(iii)
dx
To determine critical point we equate the above equation with 0,weget
df ( x, y )
0
dx
4x  2  0
1
x
2
From equation (ii),
y  1 x
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
43 Instrumentation Engineering
1
y
2
To determine condition of minima, again differentiate equation (iii) with respect to x.
d 2 f ( x, y)
4
dx 2
d 2 f ( x, y) 1 1
Since 2
 0,  ,  is point of minima.
dx 2 2
f ( x, y )  x 2  y 2
1 1 1
f  ,    0.5
2 2 2
Hence, the correct answer is 0.5.
Question 43
Consider two identical bags B1 and B2 each containing 10 balls of identical shapes and sizes. Bag B1
contains 7 Red and 3 Green balls, while bag B2 contains 3 Red and 7 Green balls. A bag is picked at
random and a ball is drawn from it, which found to be Red. The probability that the Red ball came from
bag B1 (rounded off to one decimal place) is _________
Ans. (0.68 to 0.72)
Sol. Given arrangement is shown in figure,

Given that randomly drawn ball is red. We have to find probability that the red ball came from B1 .
Let, PB1  Prob. of drawn ball is from bag 1
PB2  Prob. of drawn ball is from bag 2
PR  Prob. of drawn ball is red
Required probability  P ( B1 / R)
1 1
PB1  PB2 
2 2
7 3
P( R / B1 )  , P( R / B2 ) 
10 10
PB1 .P( R / B1 )
P( B1 / R)  [Using Bay’s theorem]
PB1 .P( R / B1 )  PB2 .( R / B2 )
0.5  0.7 0.35 7
P( B1 / R)     0.7
0.5  0.7  0.5  0.3 0.35  0.15 10
Hence, the correct answer is 0.7.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
44 Instrumentation Engineering
Question 44
Assume the diodes in the circuit shown are ideal. The current I x flowing through the 3 kΩ resistor (in
mA, rounded off to one decimal place) is __________
2 k 15 V
12 V
3 k
10 V
2 k Ix
6V
5V

Ans. (1.7 to 1.9)

Sol.
D1
15 V
D4
2 k
12 V D2
3 k
10 V
2 k
6V
D3
D5
5V

If Vx  15 , D2 , D3 become off.
D4
2 k
12 V
3 k
Vy 15
2 k
6V
D5

15  Vy Vy  12 Vy  6
 
3 2 2
V y  10.5 Hence D4 also off
2 k
12 V
3 k
Vy 15
2 k Ix
6V
D5
15  6 9
Ix    1.8 mA
5 5
V y  9.6 V
Hence, the correct answer is 1.8 mA.
Question 45
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
45 Instrumentation Engineering
1
A 6 digit timer-counter is set in the ‘time period’ mode of operation and the range is set as ‘ns’. For
2
an input signal, the timer-counter displays 1000000. With the same input signal, the timer-counter is
changed to ‘frequency’ mode of operation and the range is set as ‘Hz’. The display will show the
number _______
Ans. (999 to 1001)
Sol. Given :
1
6 digital timer counter displays  1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
In decimal equivalence form
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
106 105 104 103 102 101 100

1  10 6  0  105  0  104  0  103  0  10 2  0  101  0  100

T  106 nsec  106  10 9 sec

T  10 3 sec

1 1
Frequency   3  1000 Hz
T 10
Hence, display will show the number 1000.

Question 46
A circuit consisting of capacitors, DC voltage source and an amplifier having a voltage gain G   5 is
shown in the figure. The effective capacitance across the nodes A and B (in F , rounded off to one
decimal place) is ______.
2 F

7 F 5 F
Gain, G

A
Vs 3 F
B

Ans. (14.5 to 15.0)

Sol. Given circuit is shown in figure,
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
46 Instrumentation Engineering
From Miller’s theorem,
To find equivalent capacitance,

 Equivalent circuit becomes as shown in figure,

Ceq  12 F || [4 + 7||3]

 4  10  40 208
 12     12    14.857 F
 4  10  14 14
Hence, the correct answer is 14.857.
Question 47
1, n0
Let g[ n ]  
0, n  1,  2,  3
1, n  0, 3, 6, 9
and h[n]  
0, otherwise
Consider y  n   h[n]  g[n] , where  denotes the convolution operator. The value of y[2] is_______
Ans. (0)
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
47 Instrumentation Engineering
1, n0
Sol. Given : g[n]  
0, n  1,  2, 
 g[n]  [ n]

1, n  0, 3, 6, 9
h[n]  
0, otherwise

h[ n]  [ n]  [ n  3]  [ n  6] 

y[ n]  h[ n]* g[ n]  h[ n]* [n]  h[ n]

 
y[n]  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,


 y[2]  0

Hence, the correct answer is 0.

Question 48
1
The loop transfer function of a negative feedback system is G ( s ) H ( s )  . The Nyquist plot for
s ( s  2)
the above system _______
(A) encircles (1  j 0) point once in the counterclockwise direction
(B) encircles (1  j 0) point once in the clockwise direction
(C) does not encircle (1  j 0) point
(D) encircles (1  j 0) point twice in the counterclockwise direction
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. Given : G ( s ) H ( s ) 
s ( s  2)
Number of positive open loop poles ( P )  1
Number of positive closed loop poles ( Z )  ?
1  G (s ) H (s)  0
1
1 0
s ( s  2)
s 2  2s  1  0

s2 1 1
s1 2 0
s 0
1 0
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
48 Instrumentation Engineering

Number of positive closed loop poles

= Number of sign changes in first column in above table
 Z 2
We know that, from Nyquist stability criteria,
N  PZ
Where, N  Number of encirclement of (  1  j 0) point (positive for anticlockwise and negative for
clockwise).
P  Number of positive open loop pole
Z  Number of positive close loop pole
N  PZ
N  1  2  1
Hence, clockwise encircle of (  1  j 0) point once in the clockwise direction.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Question 49
The mutual inductances between the primary coil and the secondary coils of a linear variable differential
transformer (LVDT) shown in the figure are M 1 and M 2 . Assume that the self-inductances LS 1 and LS 2
remain constant and are independent of x. When x  0, M 1  M 2  M 0 . Whenx is in the range
10 mm, M 1 and M 2 change linearly with x. At x  10 mm or –10 mm, the change in the magnitudes
of M1 and M 2 is 0.25 M 0 . For a particular displacement x  D, the voltage across the detector becomes
zero when V2  1.25 V1 . The value of D (in mm, rounded off to one decimal place) is _______

Core LS 1 V1  VS 1 0 0

Detector LP

LS 2 V2  VS 2 180 0

x
0
Ans. 4.3 to 4.6
Sol. Given :At x  0 , M 1  M 2  M 0
and M 1 & M 2 change linearly with x.
 M 1  M 0  Ax
M 2  M 0  Bx (As for positive increment in x , M 1 increases and M 2 decreases)
At x  10 mm ,
Change in magnitude of M 1  0.25M 0
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
49 Instrumentation Engineering
 ( M 0  0.01A)  M 0  0.25M 0
A  25M 0
Change in magnitude of M 2  0.25M 0
M 0  ( M 0  0.01B )  0.25M 0
B  25M 0
 M 1  M 0  25M 0 x
M 2  M 0  25M 0 x
Now, voltage across detector,
VD  M 1sI s1  M 2 sI s2 (as VS1 and VS2 are out of phase)
Vs1  Ls1 sI s1
Vs1
sI s1 
Ls1
Vs2  Ls2 sI s2
Vs2
sI s2 
Ls2
M 1Vs1 M 2Vs2
 VD  
Ls1 Ls2
At x  D , V2  1.25 V1 and VD  0
M 1Vs1 M 21.25Vs1
 0  …(i)
Ls1 Ls2
As Ls1 and Ls2 are not changing with x ,
 Ls1  Ls2  Ls
Now, M 1  1.25M 2
M 0  25M 0 D  1.25( M 0  25M 0 D )
1  25D  1.25  31.25D
56.25D  0.25
0.25
D
56.25
D  4.45  10 3  4.45 mm
Hence, the correct answer is 4.45 mm.
Question 50
A straight line drawn on an x-y plane intercepts the x-axis at –0.5 and the y-axis at 1. The equation that
describes this line is _______
(A) y  x  0.5 (B) y  0.5 x  1 (C) y  2 x  1 (D) y  0.5 x  1
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
50 Instrumentation Engineering
Ans. (C)
Sol. Given straight line intersecting x axis at 0.5 and y axis at 1 is shown in figure

Equation of straight line

y  mx  c
y2  y1 1 0
c 1 m  Slope = 
x2  x1 0  ( 0.5)
1
m 2
0.5
 Equation of straight line is y  2 x  1
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Question 51
If the Op-Amps in the circuit shown are ideal and Vx  0.5 mV, the steady state value of V0 (in volts,
rounded off to two decimal places) is _______

Ans. 0.45 to 0.55

PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
51 Instrumentation Engineering

Sol.
Steady state current means t   or DC current.
1
For DC, zC  
C
 Capacitor acts as open circuit.
By virtual ground, VA  VB  0
Vx Vx  V0
By nodal analysis,  0
100 99900  100
0.5 10 3 V0  0.5  10  3

100 100000
 V0   0.45 V
Hence, correct answer is 0.45 .

Question 52
1 1 0 
Consider the matrix M  1 2 1  .One of the eigen vectors of M is
 
 0 1 1 

 1  1 1  1
(A)  1 (B)  1 (C) 1 (D)  1
      
 1  1 1  1
Ans. (C)
 1 1 0 
Sol. Given : M  1 2 1 
 
 0 1 1 

1   1 0 
 M  I    1 2   1 

 0 1 1   
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
52 Instrumentation Engineering
Characteristic equation, M  I  0
(1   ){( 2   )(1   )  1}  1{(1  )  0}  0
 (1   ){(  2)(  1)  1}  (1   )  0
 (1   ){ 2    1}  (1   )  0
 (1   ){ 2    1  1}  0
 (1   )( 2   )  0
  (1   )(1   )  0
 1  0 ,  2  1 and  3  1 .
If X i be Eigen vector corresponding to Eigen value i ,
MX i   i X i
MX i  1 X 1
 x1 
Let, X 1   x2 
 x3 

1 1 0   x1   x1 
1 2 1   x   0  x 
   2  2
 0 1 1   x3   x3 

 x1  x2   0 
  x  2 x  x   0
 1 2 3  
  x2  x3   0 
x1  x2  0  x1  x2
x1  2 x2  x3  x1  2 x1  x3  0  x3  x1
 x2  x3  0  x2  x3
 x1 
 X 1   x2  will be an Eigen vector
 x3 
If x1  x2  x3
Hence, line correct option is (C).
Question 53
In the Maxwell-Wien bridge shown, the detector D reads zero when C1 = 100nF and R1 = 100 k
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
53 Instrumentation Engineering

R1 R2
C1

2 cos(1000t) V D

Rx
R4
Lx Coil

The Q factor of the coil is ________

Ans. (10 to 10)
Sol. Given
R1  100 k

C1  100 nF

Vs  2 cos(1000 t)

Method – I :
Branch combinations are as follow
1
R1 
jC1 R1
Z1  
1 1  jR1C1
R1 
jC1

Z 2  R2

Z 4  R4

Z 3  Rx  jLx

 According to bridge balanced condition

 Z1Z 3  Z 2 Z 4

 R1 
    Rx  jLx   R2 R4
 1  jR1C1 

R1  Rx  jLx   R2 R4 (1  jR1C1 )

R1Rx  jR1Lx  R2 R4  jR1R2 R4C1

Equating Real Parts

PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
54 Instrumentation Engineering
 R1Rx  R2 R4

R2 R4
Rx 
R1

Equating Imaginary parts

R1Lx  R1R2 R4C1

Lx  R2 R4C1

L  Lx  R2 R4C1R1
 Quality Factor Q   
R Rx R2 R4

 R1C1

 1000  10 103  10  109

 108  10 9
 10
Method – II :
In Maxwell – wien Bridge
Q  C1R1
 Q  1000  100  109  100 103
Q  10
Hence correct answer is 10 .

Question 54
The rms value of the phasor current I in the circuit shown (in amperes) is __________
100 

100 mH
100 2 cos(1000t)
Volts
10 F
I

Ans. (1)
Sol.
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
55 Instrumentation Engineering

X L  L  1000  100  103  100

1 106
XC    100
C 1000 10

100 200
 I  200
100  j100  j100

 I  2 cos(1000t ) Amperes

2
I rms   1 Amperes
2
Hence, the correct answer is 1 A.
Question 55
A 1000/1 A, 5 VA, UPF bar-primary measuring current transformer has 1000 secondary turns. The
current transformer exhibits a ratio error of – 0.1% and a phase error of 3.438 minutes when the
primary current is 1000 A. At this operating condition, the rms value of the magnetization current of the
current transformer (in amperes, rounded off to two decimal places) is _______
Ans. 0.95 to 1.05
Sol. Given: 1000 / 1A,5VA current transformer

I1  1000 A

N 2  1000

N1  1

  00
PAGE GATE 2020 [Forenoon Session]
56 Instrumentation Engineering
Ratio error = – 0.1 %
Phase error = 3.438 minutes
3.438
To convert 3.438 minutes in degrees divide it by 60   0.05730
60
I m cos   I e sin 
 Phase error 
n  Is

 I 1  0
0.0573   m
180 1000  1
I m  1A
